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I. I NTRODUCTION
Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized as the notion of
inter-connected things which are uniquely identiable and
able to communicate with any device connected to the Internet
[1]. Recent escalation in the utilization of multimedia services
and applications such as video conferencing, telemedicine,
online-gaming, etc., incited an ostentatious growth of the bandwidth hungry multimedia content. Moreover, the availability of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
cameras and microphones has attracted lot of research on
the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) [2],
[3], wherein resource constrained devices retrieve multimedia
content from the physical environment.
The Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) is a novel
paradigm whose prime objective is to enable multimedia
streaming as part of the realization of IoT. The IoMT
paradigm enables a wide range of applications in the areas of
home/building security, smart cities, trafc monitoring, and energy management [4]. The wireless communication technology
proposed for IoT systems, i.e. ZigBee, is designed for sensor
network application requiring limited data rate of 250 Kbps.
This data rate is infeasible for multimedia applications and
particularly for real-time multimedia communication. Therefore, IEEE 802.11 standard (Wi-Fi) is a potential alternative
for IoMT and has already been adopted for WMSNs due to
its higher data rate support [5], [6]. Nevertheless, the current
power saving mechanisms in IEEE 802.11 standard, i.e. Power
Save Mechanism (PSM), Power Save Multiple Poll (PSMP),
lack the capability to adapt to the dynamic Quality of Service
(QoS) requirements of IoMT systems.
In [7], it is suggested that the transmit power of energy constrained devices along multi-hop routes in dense wireless networks to be kept limited in order to conserve energy and avoid
interference. Consequently, power utilization is improved with
the increase in number of hops between source and destination
nodes. Likewise, IoT devices are mostly battery operated,
posses short range radios, and hence have limited transmission power capabilities. Thus, Low-power IoT devices may
benet from multi-hop communication mechanism to reduce
the energy consumption. Existing IEEE 802.11 power saving
standards, however, only support single-hop communication.
Therefore, IEEE 802.11 power saving mechanisms need to be
optimized to enable energy efcient multi-hop communication
over IoMT while meeting the desired QoS requirements.
In this paper, an adaptive duty cycling based multi-hop
PSMP protocol is proposed which enables energy efcient
multi-hop communication in infrastructure based WLANs.
The proposed mPSMP protocol extends the single-hop PSMP
protocol specied by IEEE 802.11n standard. The QoS requirements of the multimedia trafc, particularly real-time
trafc, is considered by incorporating a trafc scheduling
model. The model allocates trafc opportunity to nodes in
a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) fashion to fulll
the delay bound of packets per second in order to realize
multimedia communication over IoMT. Moreover, the energy
utilization and end-to-end delay of each node is minimized by
employing adaptive duty cycling at each network node which
then aggregate their generated packets while considering the
delay restriction to ensure required QoS.
The main contributions of this paper are as follows:
Subject to:
m
p,i i,max
p Qu , ui Nu
(2)
i=1
p,i u,i
p,1
u,i
n
p Qu , ui Nu
nu,i 1
ui Nu
(3)
(4)
i=1
Internet of Things
AP
STA 1
STA 3
STA 5
STA 2
STA 4
11
00
00
11
00
11
(b) Topology
(5)
secs
(6)
= =
V. P ERFORMANCE E VALUATION
Taw,i =
i=1,j=1
(13)
(14)
(15)
Eenergysaving =
EnergyEf f iciency(%) =
Esl
E
Etotal E
100%
Etotal
(16)
(17)