MODULE 5

DIGITAL
TECHNIQUES/ELECTRONICS
ASSIGNMENT 2: 5.6 BASIC
COMPUTER STUCTURE
PREPARED BY: ROSFIKA BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN
NRIC: 971223-01-5368
DATE OF SUBMIT: 7th of March 6, 2016

QUESTION 1
In the basic computer structure have a computer terminology
a) List down a computer terminology

Central processing unit, arithmetic logic unit, integrated circuit and control
unit
Software and hardware
Bit and byte
Memory device such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory
(ROM), program read only memory (PROM)

b) In airplane computer, what it can do

To detect fault
To monitor aircraft performance
To help pilot do their work
Aircraft does not overstress through excessive control
Aircraft can be operate efficiently

c) List down an input and output device computer

INPUT DEVICE
Keyboard
Keypad
Pointing device
Touch pad
Mouse
Joystick
Paddle
Microphone

OUTPUT DEVICE
CRT monitor
LCD monitor
LED monitor
Speaker
Printer
Aircraft control surface
Light
Projector

QUESTION 2
Differentiate between of

a) Software and hardware

SOFTWARE

Cannot be touch
Provides the instruction to
hardware
Can be programs, procedures,
algorithms
Binary number as a language
Type of software :
1) System Software
2) Application Software

HARDWARE

Physical parts of computer

Internal hardware device include

motherboards
Examples: Hard drives and graphic
card, RAM
External hardware device include
monitors, keyboards, mouse,
printers
Internal hardware called
components, external hardware
devices called peripherals

b) Volatile memory and non-volatile memory

VOLATILE

Lost data when power off

Requires power to maintain the

stored information
Bi-stable memory circuit

NON-VOLATILE
Permanent storage
Memory that can retain the
stored information even when not
powered
Made of ferrite material
WORM-write only read many

QUESTION 3
Explain the temporary storage and permanent storage
a) Temporary storage
1) RAM (Random Access Memory)

Primary memory ( fast but limited capacity)

Takes the form of integrated circuits
Allow data to be read quickly
Used to run programs
Examples : SRAM, DRAM, DDR RAM etc

b) Permanent storage
1)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Use to store permanent data ( FIRMWARE)
Cannot be reprogram or change the data
Examples : PROM (BIOS), CD-ROM

2) EPROM (Erasable Program Read Only Memory)

Can erase by expose in strong UV light in 10min
Use by military

3) EAROM (Electrical Altered Read Only Memory)

Combine non-volatility of ROM with electrically alterable of RAM considered
non volatile RAM

4) Flash memories
EXAMPLES: hard disc, thumb drive

QUESTION 4
Identify the function and purpose of
a) Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Brain of computer
To process data
Fabricated by silicon

b) Control Unit (CU)

Responsible for overall action of computer to perform correct sequence and at

the right time
Determined by software
Will control the timing and electronic switching throughout the computer by
clock (synchronous operation)

c) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Perform mathematic and basic logical operations

Required power processor to perform variable task of division, multiplication,
fixed and floating point arithmetic and employ parallel operation for high
speed.

d) Register

Temporary storage units within CPU

Can store data or program information
Store limit amount of temporary basis

e) Memory

Physical devices used to store information which is instructions and data

Using binary digit
Can store temporary and permanently

f) Microprocessor
Central processing part of a computer contained within an IC
Small, lightweight and relatively cheap when compared to any CPU
Use for simple application
Can incorporate all the elements of a total computing system: 1/0. ROM, RAM
and CPU

QUESTION 5
List down the THREE buses and describe their function
1) Control Bus
Medium for communicating
2) Adress Bus
Carry information
3) Data Bus
Carry actual data being process

QUESTION 6
Identify the definition of

a) Bit

A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer

A bit consists of one of two values, usually 0 or 1

b) Byte
A byte usually consists of eight bits. Amounts of computer memory are often
expressed in terms of megabytes (1,048,576 bytes) or gigabytes
(1,073,741,824 bytes)
c) ROM
Read Only Memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers
and other electronic devices. Computer hardware that stores program s or
data that cannot be added by the computers processor
d) PROM
Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) is a permanent memory chip in
which the content is created (programmed) by the customer rather than by
the chip manufacture
e) EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) is a programmable read
only that can be erased or re-used
f) EAROM
Electrical Altered Read Only Memory (EAROM) is a combination of ROM with
electrically alterable RAM

QUESTION 7
What is Integrated Circuit (ICs) and its purpose

Integrated Circuit is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny

resistors, capacitors and transistors are fabricated. An IC can functions as an amplifier,
oscillator, timer, counter, computer memory or microprocessor. Digital ICs are use logic
gates, which work only with values of ones and zeros while linear ICs work with
continuous values. This means a component on a linear IC can take a value of any kind and
output another value.

QUESTION 8
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the heart of computing system, illustrate the diagram of
CPU Units

QUESTION 9
Explain details with full diagram where the Flight Management Computer (FMC) receives
input data

Have two FMC (Flight Management Computer) in aircraft for redundancy

Four main functions of FMS:

1) Automatic Flight Control

2) Performance Management
3) Navigation and Guidance
4) Status and Warning Displays

Receive input from sub system computer

1)
2)
3)
4)

Flight Control Computer (FCC).

Thrust Management Computer (TMC).
Digital Air Data Computer (DADC)
Engine Indicating & Crew Alerting System (EICAS)