The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Republic of Moldova

The Department of Education, Youth and Sport mun. Bli

Mihai Eminescu Theoretical Lyceum

Scientific research project

Animal Experimentation in the
English speaking countries
Form IX

Authors:
Gaitur Cristina
Tarlapan Livia

Scie
ntific adviser:
Mienina Nadejda

Bli 2012

Table of contents
1 Introduction +
2 Objectives
3 A short history +
4 Cosmetics testing +
5 The Three Types +
6 The Black List +
7 The White List +
8 Our researches +
a. Interview of famous companies in Moldova +
b. Research of supermarket assortment +
9 Travelling in the land of experiments +
10 Opinion Poll results
11 Comprehension check
12 Conclusion
13 Bibliography

Introduction:
An animals eyes have the power to speak a
great language.

Animals are the most sincere, innocent creatures in the whole

world. It is enough to look at such beings, like a cat, a bird,
a dog and your heart will be full of emotions. They are like
people: they can cry, can suffer and, of course, they can be
pleased. The matter is that animals give us so much, and we,
being careless, get all of them. Really, do we have the right to
exploit them? Do we have the right to kill them and steal their
lives? The answer is: of course no, they are a part of us; they
are indispensable factor that plays the main role in our Planet
life. Although we all suppose this thing, we continue to make
them suffer, to destroy their lives.
Each of us dreams to be forever young and beautiful. Nowadays
the price of the beauty and youth is paid by innocent,
unoffending animals. Animals experimentations are cruel and
widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of
other products. The majority of experiments cause pain to the
animals involved or reduce their quality or life in other ways.
It is very hard to imagine how many animals die every day from
all these cruel experiments. They are forced to sacrifice
themselves in favor of the development of medicine and
cosmetology.
Imagine you as usual going to the shop and buy like every
day: toothpaste, creams, shower gel, shampoos, you put it in
your bag and go home. Then, you use it and when it finishes, you
will buy other products. I am sure that you didnt think about
the consistency of those products. A bottle of shower gel was
obtained in result of testing on mice the components, that
toothpaste also was tested on a rabbit or ana monkey With
regret this is the reality, and now can you use this products,
knowing that behind it is hidden a cruel reality: a pain, or a
death of an animal?...
Respected audience we cant remain silent, we must stop
such things.
We made this project with the hope to convince people that
they make huge mistakes, to inform people about the situation
created.

Objectives:

A short history:
The earliest references to animal testing are found in the
writings of the Greeks in the 2nd and the 4th centuries BCE.

Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to perform

experiments on living animals. Galen, a physician in the 2nd
century, Rome, dissected pigs and goats, and is known as the
father of vivisection. Avenzoar, an Arabic physician in 12th
century Moorish Spain who also practiced dissection, introduced
animal testing as an experimental method of testing surgical
procedures before applying them to human patients.
Insulin was first isolated from dogs in 1922 and
revolutionized the treatment of diabetes. On the 3rd of November
1937, a Russian dog, Laika became the first of many animals to
orbit the earth. The ability of humans to change the genetics of
animals took a large step forward in 1974 when Rudolf Jaenisch
was able to produce the first transgenic mammal, by integrating
DNA from SV40 virus into the genome of mice. This genetic
research progressed rapidly and, in 1996, Dolly sheep was born,
the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell.
It is extremely awful to see those poor animals suffering
from the experiments which people make on them.
Do we have the moral right to act so cruel with our brothers
and sisters? We call animals our little brothers, dont we? Why
do we act inhumane towards them?
We have checked all the information about testing on animals
had and were surprised by the number the investigation showed
us: more than 12.1 million types if vertebrates were used in
experimentation.

Animals used in experiments

(in millions vertebrates excluding mice and rats, in 2005)

UK

USA

64%

26%

Other countries

10%

This diagram shows us that the UK and the USA are among the
biggest exploiters of animals in the whole world. The majority
of the laboratories for tests on animals are situated in the USA
or the UK.

Some sources tell that it is banned in France to test new

products on animals, thats why world-famous companies from
different countries have their laboratories in the countries
where it is permissible to do tests.

Cosmetics Testing:
Cosmetics testing on animals are particularly controversial.
Such tests are still conducted in the USA, involve general
toxicity, eye and skin irritancy, photo toxicity (toxicity
triggered by ultraviolet light) and mutagenicity.
Reading a lot of information in the internet and watching
some TV programs, we found out that there are lots if worldfamous companies throughout the world (like LOreal, Dove,
Pantene, Colgate and others) which have laboratories for testing
animals in the USA or UK.
Oral-B is a brand of oral hygiene products, including
toothbrushes, toothpastes, mouthwashes and dental floss. The B
in Oral-B stands for "Brush". Oral-B was created in 1945 by Dr.
Robert Huston a dentist who created the first Oral-B toothbrush
with its soft, end-rounded nylon bristles. Dr. Robert Huston, a
California periodontist, designed and patented the first Oral-B
toothbrush. He also created the Oral-B brand name. "The first
product was known as the Oral-B 60," said Dr. Huston, "Because
it had 60 tufts." It wasnt known by many people, but the
laboratory for testing on animals is situated in California,
USA.
Tide (Alo or Ace in some countries) is the brand-name of a
popular laundry detergent manufactured by Procter & Gamble,
first marketed in its present form in 1949. The original Tide
laundry detergent was a synthetic designed specifically for
heavy-duty, machine cleaning (an advance over the milder
cleaning capabilities of "FeWA" and "Dreft"). Tide was first
introduced in U.S. test markets in 1946 as the world's first
heavy-duty detergent, with nation-wide distribution accomplished
in 1949. Many components of detergents are tested on mice,
especially for the reaction on their skins.
Persil is known like the company that used products which
were tested before on animals, but they dont accept cruel
experimentation. We found out that this company of laundry
detergent currently and was originally made by Henkel & Cie;
which is now also licensed for manufacture, distribution, and
marketing in several countries.

Sunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women,

produced by the Unilever group, which is now considered the
world's leading company in hair conditioning and the second
largest in shampoo. Sunsilk is Unilevers leading hair care
brand, and ranks as one of the Anglo-Dutch conglomerate's
billion dollar brands". Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and
other hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide. It
was launched in the UK in 1954, and by 1959 it was available in
18 different countries worldwide. At the time, Sunsilk had an
advantage over other shampoos in the market as it only needed
one application, and so meant washing less natural oils from the
hair. Sunsilk cream shampoo for dry hair was launched in 1956. .
Although, this company hasnt special laboratories, Sunsilk says
that the company provides tests on animals in order to avoid
diseases.
Gillette has been at the heart of mens grooming for over 100
years. Each day, more than 600 million men around the world
trust their faces and skin to Gillettes innovative razors and
shaving products. This commitment to giving men the very best is
carried into our line of personal care products, including
deodorant and body wash. All designed for the unique needs of
men helping them to look, feel and be their best every day.
Gillette Fusion ProSeries Thermal Scrub was tested on frogs
skins, to try the sensibility of the product. We investigated
and found that many people hate this famous company only because
many products are tested on animals, and it has many
laboratories special in Canada and Alaska , but a variety of
products are used on humans.
Every day, Avon brings beauty to the lives of women all over
the world. At Avon, beauty means finding the right lipstick
shade for a customer; providing an earnings opportunity so a
woman can support her family; and enabling a woman to get her
first mammogram. Beauty is about women looking and feeling their
best. Its about championing economic empowerment and improving
the lives of women around the world.
Avon is a company steeped in tradition, grounded by its core
values and principles as well as its vision "to be the company
that best understands and satisfies the product, service and
self-fulfillment needs of women globally."
The worlds largest direct seller and a leading beauty
company, Avon has more than $11 billion in annual revenue. Its
product line includes beauty, fashion and home products, with
such well-recognized brand names as Avon Color, ANEW, Skin-SoSoft, Advance Techniques, Avon Naturals and mark. More products
carry the Avon name than any other brand in the world. Avon
products are known as being not tested on animals. Actually,

some ingredients used in creating Avon products were recently

tested on animals.
Bourjois cosmetics originated in Paris, France. It is one of
the oldest French cosmetics companies that is still in existence
today. In 1863, Alexandre Napoleon Bourjois created the first
powdered makeup. It was a blush for the cheeks called, Pastel
Joues. It was created for the actresses of the day who hated
wearing the uncomfortable, thick and greasy makeup that was
available at the time. After he introduced his new creation to
his friends, they began using his new formula of makeup and
later shared it with their other friends. Before long, women all
over France were demanding it. His trademark containers,
nicknamed, the little round pots of joy, are still being used to
package the cosmetics today.
Nowadays, Bourjois cosmetics are still dedicated to being a
step ahead of their competition and remain in the forefront of
Parisian style and fashion. They consider themselves to be, all
about quality and color with a flair for fun, and their design
teams work hard to continue their reputation as the makeup
industries', color specialists. Bourjois are so into their color
schemes that they even design their packaging to match the
contents inside. If the eye shadow is blue, the container that
carries it will be the same shade. Their rainbow of colors
ranges from fair neutral to bright and vivid. They boast of
having a color that fits every personality, occasion and mood.
Their color design team is constantly working to update their
colors, keeping in step with the changing seasons and latest
fashion trends.
Bourjois cosmetics are determined to remember their heritage
and Alexandre Bourjois's reputation for high quality and new
concepts in makeup. They are still created and manufactured in
France, in laboratories and factories that adhere to the
strictest standards for quality. They demand that their products
are nothing less than excellent. This is one of the fewest
companies which do not test on animals, or do not do it
directly.
Clarins was founded in 1954 in France by Jacques CourtinClarins. Originally, the company specialized solely in skin care
products. In 1972, the company established an international
group, arranging distribution contracts to market their products
outside of France. By 1980, Clarins took the lead in sales of
skin-care products in France. It was only a year later that the
company launched its first outlet in the United States.

In 1991, Clarins introduced its first line of make-up, and

the Thierry Mugler Angel perfume hit the shelves in 1992. The
company further diversified in 1995 when they acquired the
Azzaro perfume line. This led to distribution rights for a

variety of fragrances including Georgio Beverly Hills, Burberry,

Hugo Boss, Lacoste and others. Clarins products are plant-based,
so theyre a great pick for the ingredient-conscious among us.
Their resident ethno-botanists travel around the world in search
of powerful healing plants, which are then brought to their labs
in Paris for development and eventually turned into the products
we love.
Nivea is a global skin- and body-care brand that is owned by
the German company Beiersdorf. The company was founded on March
28, 1882 by pharmacist Carl Paul Beiersdorf. In 1900, the new
owner Oskar Troplowitz developed a water-in-oil emulsionas a
skin cream with Eucerit, the first stable emulsion of its kind.
This was the basis for Eucerin and later, Nivea. Nivea comes
from the Latinword niveus/nivea/niveum, meaning 'snow-white'.[2]
During the 1930s, Beiersdorf began producing products such
as tanning oils, shaving creams, shampoo and facial toners. The
trademark "Nivea" was expropriated in many countries
following World War II. Beiersdorf completed buying back the
confiscated trademark rights in 1997. During the 1980s, the
Nivea brand expanded into a wider global market.
Nivea is known for using perfume in their products and never
testing them on animals.
Radox is a brand of bubble bath and shower gels available in
the United Kingdom, Ireland, Czech
Republic, Australia, Malaysia and South Africa. It comes in
both bath salt and liquid form. Unilever agreed to buy the brand
from Sara Lee in September, 2009
In June 2009 Radox launched the Be-Selfish campaign,
alongside celebrity commentator Jenny Trent-Hughes to encourage
women to take time out of their day for themselves.
In September 2009 Radox teamed up with celebrity author Kathy
Lette to write the novel All Steamed Up, which became
available free online.
The first product produced by Radox was a salts foot bath in
1908 - nowadays it produces many different products such as
liquid soap, deodorant, shower gels and a wide range of bubble
baths.

It was found out that the secret formula for the shampoos
from Radox contains ingredients previously tested on rabbits and
mice.
Domestos is a household cleaning range which
contains bleach and is manufactured by Unilever. Its power is
due to its high availability of chlorine, which composition was
tested on cats and rats.
It was first produced in 1929 by Wilfred Handley, an
industrial chemist from the North East of England. The product
was originally sold door-to-door by salesmen who refilled
stoneware jars bought by the customers. In 1961, the company was
acquired by Lever Brothers.

How to spot an animal testing company:

Many cosmetics companies misleadingly claim their products
are not tested on animals but are not so keen to admit that
they still use animal-tested ingredients. In these crude
poisoning tests, chemicals are force-fed to animals, injected
into them, dripped into their eyes and rubbed into their raw
skin. Here is an overview that explains how to recognize the
companies that try to give the impression they are cruelty-free,
when they're not!
Cosmetics companies can, broadly speaking, be divided into
three categories with regard to their animal testing policies.
They tend to be larger companies and often have a raft of
different cosmetic brands, for example 'Dove' and 'Organics' are
Unilever brands. 'Herbal Essences' and 'Max Factor' are P&G
brands. 'Garnier' and 'Lancme' are L'Oreal brands, the Body
Shop are now owned by L'Oreal too. So rule number one is always
look to see who the parent company is.
The second category are cosmetics companies that tend not to
test on animals themselves but continue to buy, use and benefit
financially from chemical ingredients that have recently been
tested on animals by their suppliers.
Most of them are very clever at deceiving the public with
the claims they make about animal testing.

The final category consists of companies that adhere to a

Fixed Cut Off Date scheme. This means that the company will not
buy or use ingredients that have been tested on animals by
themselves or their suppliers after a set date (e.g. 1995). This
is the only method by which manufacturers can send a clear
message to their suppliers and the rest of the industry that the
company is not prepared to profit from animal tested
ingredients. Most animal testing for cosmetics takes place on
"new to the world" chemicals. There are already thousands of
chemicals with a proven safety record available.
You may be wondering why these companies are so keen to have
access to new chemicals, especially when the majority of
consumers are against animal testing for cosmetics. Well it's
so: they can market their products as new and improved basically so they can make more money. For example P&G claim
that their Olay Regenerate moisturizer beautifully regenerates
skins appearance - due to their new Amino-Peptide Complex. And
that their Total Effects moisturizer contains an exclusive Vita
Niacin formula (the science part!). P&G and others are filling
their products with all sorts of new chemical ingredients. It's
to boost their marketing hype and P&G are recognized as world
leaders. These companies are taking a gamble on the fact that
most consumers assume that cosmetics are no longer tested on
animals or are unable to see through their cleverly worded
animal testing policies

The Black List:

When analyzing the information from lots of different sites
and investigating the history of world famous companies, we made
up a list of those which test their products on poor, innocent
animals.
This list includes such companies as:
Axe (Unilever)

Maybelline

Calvin Klein

Dove

LOreal

Davidoff

Helene Curtis

Lancme

Herbal Essences

Procter & Gamble

Clean & Clear

Colgate

Pantene

Johnson & Johnson

Palmolive

Oral B

Gillett

Clairol

Cover Girl

Domestos and Frish

Nestle

Crest

Timotei

Wella

Max Factor

Sunsilk

Vichy

Persil

Dove

Jif and Jim

Givenchy

The White List:

Conversely, we created another list. This one includes the
names of companies which do NOT test their products on animals:
Avon

Este Lauder

Montagne Jeneusse

Beverly Hills
Formula

Green Mama

Nivea

IsaDora

Oriflamme

LAngellica

Orly

Lumene

Radox

Lush

Revlon

Mary Kay

Seventeen

Mediterranean SPA

Yves Rocher

Bourjois
Chanel
Crown House
Deborah
Elisabeth French

Exploratory research:
Interviews of the famous brands
For a better understanding of the subject we tried to take
some interviews from the managers of three world-famous
cosmetics companies which have their branches in Moldova.
In order to keep the confidence, we will not tell the names,
but reproduce some important moments of the conversation.
The first company in our country is Oriflame.
Talking to the manager of the company, we found out that this
company really doesnt practice testing on animals. Even though,
this is one of the companies which protests against animal
cruelty and wants to encourage other people to stop buying
cosmetics produced by companies which do test on animals.
We are among not few companies which think that testing on
animals is guilt. Why are people taken to prisons when they kill
somebody, but they are never jailed when they kill an animal?
Isnt this wrong? Why are we so cruel!? Oriflame will be forever
among the companies which will never encourage such sins!
When we tried to give some question to the director of Avon
Cosmetics Company, first of all we were refused, but, after
giving our reasons why we make such interviews, she was very
interested to ask our questions.
- We know a lot of companies which are told to be testing on
animals. What do you think about this? How can you report this
situation to your company?
- This is really a problem which needs imperious solutions. I am
sure that there are several options for this; the only problem
is that testing on animals is cheaper than others. Who will want
to spend such sums of money when there is another, easier and
cheaper way? They are cruel. Maybe they do not feel anything,
thats why they do feel neither pity nor pain when they kill
them for experiments. I agree that without some special
experiments, people would die from hard diseases and the mankind
would never find cures to them. Without animal testing we
wouldnt have mobile phones and a lot of different gadgets. Even
though almost all engines like phones, computers were tested on
animals, nobody can find solutions to the problem of radiation
and all damage they cause. If Belka and Strelka wouldnt have

been launched in space, would any man be able to travel in space

now? Would we be sure that this is safe? Of course - no! The
only thing we should remember is that we do not have the right
to force anybody do what we want; I mean that we do not have the
moral right of using poor animals in achieving our selfish
goals. We do not need this perfect face and body. The nature
created us this way, because there is somebody who will love us
the way we are and will never want to change us. If he or she
will try to change something about you, this means that he
doesnt love you. I know that this does not seem like a good
advertising of cosmetics sold by the company I lead, but I tell
you what I really believe. I believe that beauty is something
that only we can seize, is something personal, but, sometimes it
needs little correction. The best correction is using cosmetics,
but never those ones tested on animals, because those are not
cosmetics, but some small parts of the animal they were tested
on.
We are very proud that in our country there are braches only
of the companies that do not test on animals, even though some
products sold in shop and supermarkets were tested on them.

Supermarket assortment
We had been very curious, and investigated products of some
of the biggest shops in Bli.
So the first we investigated Fourchette. To begin with, we
asked for a help of a worker to show us cosmetics products, we
followed him and began to find products from the companies that
were in the Black list. We obtained the next result: around
61,25% of all cosmetic and laundry products are tested on
animals. This result disappointed us, but we continued our
investigation in another big shop Fidesco. After our analysis we
found out that 47,8% of products are tested on animals.
Afterward, we examined Green Hills. It was difficult to find the
workers, and we want to mention that the personnel at this shop
werent polite. Thats why we explored all the products by
ourselves and pointed that 71,3 % of all products were tested on
animals.
Analyzing the statistics, we made up some diagrams based on
the numbers the searches gave us.

Fourchette

Products tested
on animals
39%

Not tested

61%

Fidesco

52%

48%

Products tested on
animals
Not tested

Green Hills

Products tested on
animals
Not tested

29%

71%

To understand better the proportions, we made a diagram which

shows us the results from each supermarket in comparison.

80%
70%
60%
50%
40%

Products tested

Not tested

30%
20%
10%
0%
Fourchette

Fidesco

Green Hills

Imaginary travelling in a laboratory:

Usually, for a better understanding of the subject, the
theory needs to be supplemented by practice. As we are against
testing on animals, we wont make any experiments but show how
much do animals suffer from such tests and how much pain it
involves. For this we want to accomplish an imaginary trip to
the center of the world of tests on animals- an American
laboratory.
To make it more interesting and real, we will show the
audience some fragments we found in the internet of real
experiments made on animals and some pictures of the
consequences of these tests. All the pictures in our clip are to
reflect the pain felt by poor animals involved in such inhuman
tests for discovering the perfect formula for new and new
cosmetics.