How u will design an electrically conducting coil which will magnetize the steel plate having dimensions

length = 10 inch , width 5 , height 2 inch , Magnetic particle Inspection (Non Destructive testing) explain this
design in complete detail
Its a mysterious that steel is a ferromagnetic material because its having two phases one of them magnetic
(martensite) while other non-magnetic ( austenitic-phase) . Though resaerchers call it an exception that its austenitic
phase is exceptionally non-magnetic . so here onwards we shall deal with steel as a ferromagnetic-material.
Magnetization holds a firm importance in N.D.T . Here it would be described to magnetize a steel plate or rod in a
conducting coil .keeping in mind that here we are only concerned with the magnetization of steel plate or rod via
conducting coil .
In MPI, most parts magnetized in the coil are placed axially.
EFFECTIVE PERMEABILITY
Effective permeability was taken as slope on the curve plotted between between B and H Effective permeability is
reffered as

B
H

.. (i)

where

=6

( d1 )5

. (ii)

Many parts which are inspected via MPI by means of coil magnetization have 1/d ratios which are less than 14 while
material permeability of common steels is greater than 5000. It has been shown that the parts being magnetized in a
coil , the effective permeability is dependent merely on 1/d ratio and is constant along its length .
Effective permeability can be employed as an indicator of the number of ampere-turns (NI) required to produce a flux
density in a part which is suitable for MPI
Eq (ii) gives eff using that relation eq (i) becomes

H=

B
5
1
6
d

()

. (iii)

Field strength which will produce that flux density in the part to be calculated .The field strength is proportional to
product of the number of turns in the coil and the current flowing in the coil now above eq gains the form

kB
1
6
5
d

()

.. (iv)

Where
nI=ampere no.of turns
k=proportionality constant
The value of k depends upon dimensions of magnetizing coil and upon the orientation of test sample while the value
B depend on the defect to be found ; on its size , shape & location . Practices have shown that B can vary between
200,000 lines per in2 to 160,000 lines per in2 and that most defects can be located if B has the value 700,000 lines per
in2 .Thumb rule is generally used to determine the amount of current required for circular magnetization ( 100 amp in.
sample diameter ) . To obtain workable thumb-rule for use in coil magnetization , B was chosen as 700,000 lines per
in2 .
By simplifying eq (iv) we get

45,000
1
=
ampereunits
d

. ( v )

calculations have shown that if the area of the cross section of the part is not greater than one-tenth the area of the
coil, then the ampere units required to given field strength can be considered to be independent of coil diameter
providing that the part is placed at the bottom of the coil .The thumb rule given by eq (v) depends on this fact .