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Announcements:
Next midterm a week from
Thursday (3/15). Chapters
69 will be covered
Introduce change of
momentum due to varying
mass.
Material from Chapter 9.12
Clicker question 1
Set frequency to BA
Between t=1 hr and 3 hrs, what happens to the speed of the rocket?
A). The rocket is speeding up the whole time
B) The rocket is slowing down the whole time.
C) The rocket is moving with a constant speed the whole time.
D) The rocket is speeding up for awhile, and then it slows down.
E) There is not enough information given to decide.
Clicker question 1
Set frequency to BA
Between t=1 hr and 3 hrs, what happens to the speed of the rocket?
A). The rocket is speeding up the whole time
B) The rocket is slowing down the whole time.
C) The rocket is moving with a constant speed the whole time.
D) The rocket is speeding up for awhile, and then it slows down.
E) There is not enough information given to decide.
The force is positive the whole time, which means a is positive the whole time, and
positive acceleration, starting from rest, means you speed up the WHOLE time!
Clicker question 2
Set frequency to BA
Clicker question 2
Set frequency to BA
Clicker question 3
Set frequency to BA
Clicker question 3
Set frequency to BA
i) This statement is false. Just think about it: the floor has to "hold
up" (even accelerate!) more on the right than it does on the left.
The normal force of the floor on rover I is given by F_net = ma, which
means N-mg = ma, or N (on I) =m(g+a), where m is the mass of
Rover I. For Rover II, consider the SYSTEM RoverII+sensor: the
normal force on this is given by N (on II) = (m+msensor)*(g+a),
which is manifestly bigger than N(on I)
ii) This is false. Since the normal force is bigger on the RII, the work
will also be larger. (Distance is same)
Clicker question 4
Set frequency to BA
Clicker question 4
Set frequency to BA
D is correct. There is the normal force of the floor UP, the weight
DOWN, and the normal force of the sensor pushing DOWN.
Rocket Equations
Vrel + V + V
Rocket Equation
On the System
Pf Pi
P
Fext = lim
= lim
t
t 0 t
t 0
Pf = (M M)(V + V ) + M(Vrel + V + V )
Pi = MV
Pf Pi MV + MVrel
=
t
t
dP
dV dm
t 0
=M
+
Vrel
dt
dt
dt
Rockets cont.
dP
dV dm
Fext =
=M
+
Vrel
dt
dt
dt
dV dm
dm
Fext = M
+
Vrel = Ma +
Vrel
dt
dt
dt
If there is no external force (ie gravity), then
dm
Ma =
Vrel = RVrel mass rate of fuel
dt
consumption.
dv
dM
Ma = M
=
Vrel
dt
dt
dM
dv = Vrel
M
vf
vi
dv = Vrel
M
Mi
dM
M
Mi
v f v i = Vrel ln
Mf
Mi
If in gravity and
v f v i = v 0 gt + Vrel ln
with initial velocity
Mf
THRUST = Vr
dt
F f = nsN = nsmg
F f THRUST , so
THRUST
1500N
=
= 5.8
2
smg
(0.35)(75kg)(9.8m /s )
So six is sufficient
Space Shuttle
A space shuttles main engines develop a thrust of
35 x106 N as they eject gas at 2500 m/s. How
much fuel must the shuttle carry to permit a 5minute engine firing?
From the rocket equation, we find:
6
dM Thrust 35 10 N
=
=
= 14,000kg /s
dt
Vr
2500m /s
For a five minute burn, we need
Varying Mass
Two large barges are moving in
the same direction in still water,
one with speed 10km/hr and
the other with a speed 20km/hr.
While they are passing each
other, coal is shoveled from the
slower to the faster one at a
rate of 1000kg/min. How much
Force = Vreldm/dt
additional force must be
provided by the engines of the V dM = 10km /hr 1000kg /s
r
dt
faster barge and the slower
km 1hr
kg 1min
barge if neither is to change
= 10
1000
hr 3600s
min 60s
their speed?
= 46N For faster
2 dm
The power required is
P = F v = v
dt
1 2 1 2 dm
dK
d
Note :
= mv = v
2
dt dt 2
dt
Chain Falling
A vertical chain has a length L and a mass M. It is
released with the bottom just touching a table.
a) Find the force on the table as a function of the
distance fallen by the top end.
dp dm
dv
F=
=
v+m
dt
dt
dt
If dm/dt=0, F is just mg. So if the mass was falling in one
piece, the force would still be equal to dp/dt, not dp/dt+mg.
Just before chain hits the table,
dm
M dx
M
v
=v
=v v
dt
L dt
L
Chain Falling
dp dm
dv
F=
=
v+m
dt
dt
dt
dm
M dx
M
v
=v
=v v
dt
L dt
L
dm M 2
Mgx
v
= v =2
dt
L
L
M
M
M
F = 2 gx + gx = 3 gx
L
L
L