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PRO/SURFACE
USING PRO/SURFACE
MANAGING QUILTS
About Quilts
In Pro/ENGINEER, when you create or manipulate nonsolid surfaces, you are working with quilts. A
quilt represents a "patchwork" of connected nonsolid surfaces. A quilt may consist of a single
surface or a collection of surfaces.
A quilt contains information describing the geometry of all the surfaces that compose a quilt and
information on how quilt surfaces are "stitched" (joined or intersected). A part can contain several
quilts. You can create or manipulate quilts using a surface feature.
Naming a Quilt
You can assign a name to an entire quilt or an individual surface using Edit > Setup > Name >
Other.
To Blank a Quilt
To turn off the display of individual quilts, place them on a layer and then blank the layer.
You can also right-click and click Hide from the shortcut menu to temporarily blank a quilt.
Note: You can blank individual quilts in a merge feature. If the first quilt in the merge is blanked,
the whole merge is blanked. If only the second quilt is blanked, the merge will not be blanked.
Click View > Color and Appearance. The Appearance Editor dialog box opens.
2.
3.
Select Surfaces as the object type. Each side can be colored differently, and it is only visible
when shaded edges do not change color with this method.
To Shade a Quilt
1.
2.
3.
Click the General tab and select Shading for the display style.
4.
Click OK.
Note:
You can also set the shading by default by setting the shade_surface_feat configuration option.
To override the environmental or cosmetic shading selection, click the Shade tab from the
Model Display dialog box. Under Shade, click or clear the Surface features check box and
click OK.
Click View > Model Setup > Mesh Surface. The Mesh dialog box opens.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For a surface, specify the mesh spacing in the first and the second direction. For a quilt,
specify the change density.
Click Close.
RevolveCreates a quilt by rotating the sketched section at a specified angle around the
first centerline sketched in the section. You can also specify the rotation angle.
SweepCreates a quilt by sweeping a sketched section along a specified trajectory. You can
sketch the trajectory, or use an existing datum curve.
BlendCreates a smooth quilt connecting several sketched sections. Parallel blends can
only be Blind. You can also create Rotational or General blends, or blends From File.
Variable Section SweepCreates a quilt using the variable section sweep geometry
AdvancedOpens the Advanced menu, allowing you to create surfaces using complex
feature definitions.
You can also create surface feature by using any of the following options on the Edit menu:
CopyCreates a quilt by copying existing quilts or surfaces. Specify a selection method, and
select the surfaces to copy. Pro/ENGINEER creates the surface feature directly on top of the
selected surfaces.
MirrorCreates a mirrored copy of existing quilts or surfaces about the specified plane.
ExtendCreates a quilt or surface by extending the existing quilts or surfaces. Specify a
chain of boundary edges of the existing surface to extend. You can also specify the extend type,
length, and direction of the extended surface or quilt.
OffsetCreates a quilt offset from a quilt or surface.
Note: For more information about the creation of surfaces, refer to the Part Modeling module of
Pro/ENGINEER Help.
To create a surface feature without closing the ends, click Options from the dashboard and
clear the Capped Ends check box. Else, click Capped Ends from the ATTRIBUTES menu. For
example, an extruded circular section creates an open-ended tube with the open ends displayed
with yellow edges.
To create a surface feature with a closed volume, click Options from the dashboard and click
the Capped Ends check box. Else, click Capped Ends from the ATTRIBUTES menu. For
example, an extruded circular section would result in a closed cylinder so all edges of the quilt
are two-sided, shown in magenta. Note that the section must be closed for this option.
Conic Surface and N-sided PatchCreates a conic quilt and creates a quilt from more
than four boundaries.
Unlink the feature from the .ibl file to remove the associativity between the feature and the
data file.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend From File > Surface. The SURFACE: Blend from File
dialog box opens, listing the following elements from the surface feature:
o
2.
Coord SystemDefines the coordinate system for the surface feature to be created.
File NameSpecifies the file name from which to create the surface. By default,
Pro/ENGINEER searches for this file in the current working directory. When using
Pro/INTRALINK, link the .ibl file with respect to the parent part and then export the file from
the workspace to the Pro/INTRALINK startup directory. You cannot read the .ibl file from the
workspace.
MaterialSideSpecifies the side for adding the material. To change the direction, click Flip
and then click OK.
Click OK to create the defined surface.
To redefine and update a blended surface from a file, open the .ibl file and edit it.
To update the feature geometry with the changed data file, click File > Associative
Topology Bus. The following options are available :
o
Make IndependentRemoves the associativity between the .ibl file and the selected
feature created from file.
Click Insert > Advanced > Conic Surface and N-sided Patch.
Click Conic Surf, Shouldr Crv or Tangent Crv, and Done from the BNDRS OPTS menu. A
dialog box opens and lists the following elements of the surface feature:
o
3.
The Boundaries option in the CRV_OPTS menu is active. Define opposite boundaries of the
conic surface by selecting two curves or edges.
3.
After bounding curves are defined, click Shoulder Crv or Tangent Crv from the OPTIONS
menu and select the conic curve in the same way as you selected bounding curves.
3.
3.
Enter the conic parameter value; it must be from 0.05 to 0.95. Sections of the surface are
one of the following types, according to their conic parameter value:
0.05<parameter<0.5ellipse
parameter=0.5parabola
0.5<parameter<0.95hyperbola
7.
6
There are two types of conic surfaces listed in the OPTIONS menu:
Shouldr CrvThe surface passes through the control curve. The control curve defines the
location of conic shoulders for each cross section of the surface.
Tangent CrvThe surface does not pass through the control curve. The control curve
defines the line that passes through the intersections of the conic sections asymptotes.
Rules for selecting curves or edges:
1 Boundaries
2 Control curve
The next figure shows a conic surface created with the Tangent Crv option.
1 Boundaries
2 Intersection of asymptotes
3 Control curve
Click Insert > Advanced > Conic Surface and N-sided Patch. The BNDRS OPTS menu
appears.
2.
Click ADV FEAT OPT > Boundaries > Done > N-Sided Surf > Done. The system opens a
dialog box and lists elements of the surface feature. They are:
Select at least five boundaries in the consecutive order for the N-sided surface. Using the
One By One option in the CHAIN menu, select at least five curves or edges forming a loop.
When finished, click Done from the CHAIN menu.
Note: The boundaries of the N-sided surface cannot include tangent edges/curves.
4. To define Boundary Conditions, click Bndry Cond and Define in the dialog box. The
BOUNDARY menu lists all surface boundaries. As you move the cursor over the boundary
name, the corresponding boundary highlights in cyan.
4.
Click the boundary for which you want to define Boundary Conditions. For the selected
boundary, the system opens a dialog box with the Bndry Cond element selected for definition.
4.
Specify the boundary condition by choosing one of the following options in the BNDRY
COND menu, followed by Done:
7.
TangentThe blended surface is tangent to the reference surface along the boundary.
8
7.
Closing SurfacesLets you trim or, in some cases, extend the tangent draft up to selected
surfaces. Use this element when adjacent surfaces are located at an angle to the surface being
drafted.
Note: A closing surface must always be a solid surface. A datum plane or a surface geometry
cannot be a closing surface.
Spine CurvesLets you specify an additional curve that controls the orientation of normals
to the sectioning plane. Use this element if using the reference curve alone results in the
geometry intersecting itself.
Cap AngleFor one-sided curve-driven tangent drafts. Controls the draft angle for additional planes
that are automatically created when a draft line does not extend to the surface borders and you
have not specified the closing surfaces. If you do not specify a value, Pro/ENGINEER uses a zero
angle.
Finally, you can edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page in the Tangent Surface
dialog box. Select the reference curve segments to include in the draft line or exclude from the draft
line. Use this functionality when Pro/ENGINEER has trouble creating the tangent draft, for example,
when the reference curve intersects itself.
2.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens, with
3.
4.
selected by default.
One SidedThe draft is created only on one side of the reference curve.
4.
Click the References tab, click
under Draft Line Selection, and select the reference
curve. The reference curve must lie outside the reference part geometry.
Note: If you have selected One Sided as the draft direction earlier, then you can click
under Parting Surface and select the parting surface.
6.
Pro/ENGINEER automatically determines the surfaces that the draft is tangent to. However, if
6.
Click
to preview the tangent draft geometry. If required, you can change the draft
geometry by specifying the Closing Surfaces, Spine Curves, or Cap Angle, located on the
Options tabbed page. You can also edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page.
6.
When satisfied with the feature geometry, click
the feature.
10
The following example shows the correct placement of the reference curve.
1.
2.
3.
Pull Direction
The next example shows an incorrect placement of the reference curve, because if you look from
the bottom of the part along the pull direction, the reference curve is obscured by the part
geometry.
1.
2.
3.
Pull Direction
11
1.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens, with
selected by default.
2.
Click the References tab. The Menu Manager and the CHAIN menu appear.
3.
4.
Click
5.
Click
. The following illustration shows a tangent draft on both sides of the
reference curve plane.
12
1.
Create a flat surface that passes through the part, as shown in the following illustration.
2.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens.
2.
2.
To specify the pull direction, select the surface created in Step 1 and click Okay.
2.
Click the References tab, click
curve.
2.
Select the Tangent To reference curve (the default is automatic) and click Done.
2.
Click
2.
Click
. The tangent draft is created on one side of the reference curve, according to
the pull direction, as shown in the following illustration.
9.
Click the Options tab, type 30 in the Cap Angle Value box, and press ENTER.
13
9.
Click
. The angle of the planar surfaces (1) changes on both sides of the tangent draft feature, as shown
in the next illustration.
11.
Depending on your design intention, you may want the tangent draft to extend the complete
length of the part. Therefore, instead of specifying the Cap Angle, click
under Select Surfaces
on the Options tabbed page and select the two closing surfaces of the part (1 and 2).
Note: Depending on the draft line geometry, Pro/ENGINEER may or may not be able to extend the
draft surface up to the closing surfaces. It is recommended that you use appropriate tools to create
and modify curves to ensure that the draft line extends up to or past the intended closing surfaces,
and then create a tangent draft.
14
1.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens.
2.
Click
4.
One SidedThe draft is created only on one side of the reference curve.
Note: If you are creating a one-sided draft, the pull direction must point from the reference
curve in the same direction that the draft is being created.
5.
Click the References tab, click
under Draft Line Selection, and select the reference
curve. The reference curve can be any chain of edges or curves (such as a draft curve). The
reference curve must lie on a surface of the reference part.
Note:You cannot select an assembly level silhouette curve as a reference curve for a tangent
draft. To create a tangent draft in the reference model, you must create a silhouette curve in the
reference model itself.
6.
In the Angle box, type the value for the draft angle.
6.
In the Radius box, type the value for the radius of the fillet that connects the draft surfaces
with the adjacent surfaces of the reference part.
6.
Click
to preview the tangent draft geometry. If required, you can change the draft
geometry by specifying the Spine Curves or Closing Surfaces on the Options tabbed page. You
can also edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page.
6.
When satisfied with the feature geometry, click
the feature.
15
1.
2.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens.
Click
3.
Specify the pull direction by selecting the top surface of the housing. A red arrow pointing in
the upward direction appears.
4.
Click Flip so that the red arrow points down, because the pull direction must point from the
reference curve in the direction of the tangent draft creation. Click Okay.
5.
Click the References tab and select the top edge of the rib (1), as shown in the next
illustration. Click Done.
6.
6.
In the Radius box, type .4 and press ENTER (the radius is the same as the radius at the
bottom of the rib).
6.
Click
9.
To make the tangent draft extend all the way to the side of the rib, click the Options tab,
click
under Select Surfaces, and select the side of the rib (1), as shown in the previous
illustration. Note that a gap exists between the tangent draft geometry and the central cylinder of
16
the housing. To avoid this gap, hold down the CTRL key and select the side surface of the central
cylinder (2) as the second closing surface. Click OK in the SELECT dialog box.
9.
Click
11.
Click
11.
Repeat the procedure to create a constant-angle tangent draft on the other side of the rib.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens.
2.
Click
4.
One SidedThe draft is created only on one side of the reference curve.
4.
Click the References tab, click
under Draft Line Selection, and select the reference
curve. The reference curve can be any chain of edges or curves (such as a draft line). The reference
curve must lie on a surface of the reference part.
4.
In the Angle box, type the value for the draft angle.
4.
In the Radius box, type the value for the radius of the fillet that connects the draft surfaces
with the adjacent surfaces of the reference part.
4.
Click
to preview the tangent draft geometry. If required, you can change the draft
geometry by specifying the Spine Curves or Closing Surfaces on the Options tabbed page. You
can also edit the reference curve by using the Curves tabbed page.
4.
When satisfied with the feature geometry, click
the feature.
17
1.
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Tangent to Surfaces. The Tangent Surface dialog box
opens.
2.
Click
3.
4.
Click the References tab, click
curve.
4.
On the CHAIN menu, click Tangnt Chain, select a bottom edge of the reference part as
shown in the following illustration, and click Done.
6.
6.
In the Radius box, type .4 and press ENTER (the radius value is the same as the radius of
the top fillet).
6.
Click
18
Click Insert > Advanced > Blend Between Surfaces > Surface. The SURFACE: Surface
to Surface Blend dialog box opens.
2.
3.
19
You can predefine a layer for ribbon surfaces. To do this, specify the name for the layer using the
def_layer(LAYER_RIBBON_FEAT) configuration option. Each time you create a ribbon surface, the
system automatically adds it to this layer.
Click Insert > Model Datum > Ribbon. The DATUM: Ribbon dialog box opens.
On the Menu Manager, Add Curve in the RIBBON ITEM menu is active. Select the base
curve. You can select a single curve or a chain of curves. The system uses the base curve as a
trajectory for the ribbon surface.
You can remove the curve with the Remove Curve command and show selected curves with the
Show All Curves command. When finished selecting the base curve, click Done Curves.
3.
Select the first reference curve. You can continue selecting additional reference curves. When
you are finished, click Done Curves.
The system creates the Ribbon surface with the default width.
4.
Optionally, you can define the width of the ribbon surface. Select the Width element in the
dialog box and click Define. Enter the width of the surface.
4.
Click OK to finish.
The Ribbon surface (shown with red boundaries) is now tangent to all the reference curves.
Create the boundary blend on the left side of the middle curve. When defining boundary conditions,
specify a tangency condition on the middle curve by referencing the Ribbon surface. Because the
Ribbon is tangent to the inner side curves on the right, the boundary blend on the left is now
tangent to the curve on the right.
20
Create the boundary blend on the right and make it tangent to the Ribbon surface.
TRIMMING QUILTS
About Trimming Quilts
You can trim quilts in several ways:
By trimming the quilt at its intersection with another quilt or to its own silhouette edge as it
appears in a certain view
Click Insert > Sweep, Blend, Helical Sweep or Swept Blend > Surface Trim. The
SURFACE TRIM dialog box opens.
Select the quilt to trim.
Start creating the cut geometry, as you do for solid protrusions. The surface definition that
you create is used only for trimming and will not appear in the model.
21
4.
If you create geometry using the Solid option, specify the side of the quilt to keep by
choosing Side 1, Side 2, or Both Sides from the DIRECTION menu. Click Done. Selecting
either side of the quilt to keep preserves references of the original quilt.
5.
If you chose Both Sides, an additional element Primary Quilt is added to the dialog box so
that you can specify which of the two new quilts will inherit the children of the original quilt. To
do this, click Primary Quilt and Define in the dialog box. Click Side 1 or Side 2 and Done
from the DIRECTION menu.
6.
Click OK.
You can use a continuous chain of datum curves, inner surface edges, or solid model edges
to trim a quilt.
Datum curves used for trimming must lie on the quilt to be trimmed and should not extend
beyond the boundaries of this quilt.
If the curve does not extend to the boundaries of the quilt, the system calculates the
shortest distance to the quilt boundary and continues the trim in this direction.
Click Insert > Advanced > Vertex Round. The SURFACE TRIM: Vertex Round dialog
box opens.
22
2.
Select vertices at the corners of the quilt to be rounded and click OK. All selected vertices
must belong to the same quilt.
3.
Enter the fillet radius. This radius will be applied to all selected vertices.
4.
Click Insert > Advanced > Flatten Quilt. The FLATTEN QUILT dialog box opens.
2.
3.
Select a datum point on the quilt to be the origin point. Two red arrows indicate the u-v
directions of the quilt.
4.
Specify one of the following methods for determining the parameterization of the quilt:
o
AidedSelect four vertices or datum points on the quilt boundary. The system uses these
four points to create a reference surface.
23
o
5.
Optionally, you can position the flattened quilt so it lies in the XY plane of a selected
coordinate system and orient the quilt as desired. To do this, select Specify Placement and specify
the following:
o
o
6.
Specify the number of steps for each direction of the quilt by typing an integer from 10 to
100 in the Number of Steps 1 and Number of Steps 2 boxes respectively. The number of steps
determines the density of the grid used for the surface parameterization. When you click in the
respective box, a red arrow shows the corresponding direction of parameterization.
6.
Click
The origin and the x-direction points must lie on the source quilt.
For the Manual transformation method, a reference surface must be present in the model
before you start the Flatten Quilt operation.
When you use the Aided option, the corner points must lie on the boundaries of the source
quilt or their extensions.
If the system fails to transform the quilt using the Automatic and Aided option, click the
Manual transformation method and select a reference surface that you have previously created.
Tip: You can create a reference surface for a quilt as a boundary blend by using the source quilt
boundaries and several additional curves to approximate the original quilt.
24
The next figure shows the flattened quilt (shown on top of the source quilt) in its default placement.
Notice that the flattened quilt is tangent to the source quilt at the origin point PNT0.
25
The next figure shows the results of the Flatten Quilt operation. The flattened quilt lies in the XY
plane of the coordinate system CS1. A vector created from PNT0 to PNT1 is aligned with the x-axis
of the XY plane.
Click Insert > Advanced > Bend Solid. The SOLID BEND dialog box opens.
2.
3.
Flatten CurvesTransform datum curves from the original quilt to the flattened quilt.
Bend SolidTransform a solid from the flattened quilt to the original quilt.
4.
If you are flattening curves, select the curves on the flat quilt that you want to transform. To
reselect the curves, click Source Curves.
4.
Click
Bend solids
Use Bend Solid to transform the solid that lies in the vicinity of the flattened quilt to the source
quilt. Alternatively, you can transfer datum curves from the source quilt to the flattened quilt using
the Flatten Curves option.
Consider the following restrictions:
Selected curves must reference the surfaces of the source quilt of the Flatten Quilt feature.
The solid should lie in the vicinity of the flattened quilt and should not cross the boundaries
of this quilt.
26
Replace an entire part surface with a quilt. Surface replacement differs from protrusions and
cuts because it can add material in some places and remove it in others. Surface replacement is a
surface deformation feature, and is created using Offset on the Edit menu.
Create a "patch", a feature that replaces a portion of a solid surface (or surfaces) with a quilt
whose boundaries lie on the surfaces being patched. This feature is created using Solidify on the
Edit menu.
Create a construction feature (protrusion, cut, or slot) by using a quilt as the solid features
boundaries. Geometry will be added or subtracted up to the border of the quilt used. This is done
using Solidify on the Edit menu.
2.
3.
4.
4.
By default, the system consumes the replacement quilt. If you want to keep the quilt, click
Options and click the Keep Quilt check box.
6.
Note: If a child feature references the quilt that was kept with Keep Quilt, redefining the features
so as to not keep the quilt causes the references of the child to be missing.
FREEFORM SURFACES
About Creating Freeform Surfaces
You can create a freeform feature either as a solid tweak feature or as an advanced surface feature.
Surface Free Form allows you to "push" or "pull" on a surface, interactively changing its shape
either to create a new surface feature, or to modify a solid or quilt. Whenever the underlying
surface changes shape, the freeform feature also changes shape proportionally. The real-time
surface definition feedback allows you to immediately evaluate and modify the surface as required.
Display options for the surface include porcupine curvature, deviation, Gaussian curvature, sectional
curvature, slope, intersection curves, reflection curves, and cosmetic shading.
27
For a freeform surface, you can use the boundaries of the underlying base surface. Alternatively,
you can sketch the boundaries of the freeform surface; the system will then project them on the
underlying base surfaces.
The grid boundaries may extend beyond the underlying base surface. When creating a freeform
surface, you can trim or extend it to fit the underlying surface boundaries.
Click Insert > Advanced > Surface Free Form. The SURFACE: Free Form dialog box
opens.
2.
Select an existing surface. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction.
3.
Enter the number of control curves in the first direction. The system displays a grid of red
isolines in the second direction.
4.
Enter the number of control curves in the second direction. The Modify Surface dialog box
opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or optionally you can use the Modify Surface
dialog box to define the Poly Motion region, turn on the dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
Select the sketching plane and specify model references. Sketch a circle or a rectangle.
28
5.
The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction. Enter the number of control
curves in the direction of the arrow.
6.
The system displays another grid of isolines in the second direction. Enter the number of
control curves in the direction of the arrow.
7.
The Modify Surface dialog opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or optionally
you can use the Modify Surface dialog box to define the Poly Motion region, turn on the
dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders.
8.
9.
Click Insert > Advanced > Surface Free Form. The SURFACE: Free Form dialog box
opens.
2.
Select an existing surface to provide the solid or quilt reference (base) surface for the
freeform surface definition. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction.
3.
Enter the number of control curves in the first direction. The system displays a grid of red
isolines in the second direction.
4.
Enter the number of control curves in the second direction. The Modify Surface dialog box
opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or optionally you can use the Modify Surface
dialog box to define the Poly Motion region, turn on the dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click inside the Boundary curve collector. Select a closed contour as the boundary of the
patch.
Click
. The system creates a new quilt on top of the selected portion of the quilt.
29
STYLE
USING STYLE
TUTORIALS
An Overview of the Style Tutorials
This project contains several short tutorials addressing different Style functionality. The tutorials
are:
Understanding Connections
Redefining Surfaces
30
Style Toolbar
The geometry tools in the following figure duplicate many of the functions found on the Styling
menu:
Select
Set the active datum plane
Create curves
Edit curve
Create COS by projection
Create surfaces
Connect surfaces
Trim quilts
Done
Style Quickbar
The tools on the Quickbar shown are commonly used functions in Style.
Styling Menu
The Styling menu contains several commands.
31
32
Style preferences are available on the Styling menu to set preferences for display, curvature plots,
and surface mesh. If you click Styling > Preferences, the following dialog box opens:
33
Shortcut Menus
The shortcut menus are as follows.
Right-click anywhere in the main window to open the view shortcut menu.
Right-click an endpoint (not a soft-point) on the curve to open the point shortcut menu.
Right-click an internal point (not a soft-point) on the curve to open the point shortcut menu.
34
Right-click anywhere on a selected curve (not on a point) to open the curve shortcut menu.
Four-View Layout
In Style you can work in a single view as in top-level Pro/ENGINEER, or you can click
View > Show All Views) and switch to the four-view layout shown. Click
single view.
(or click
again to return to
35
1 Vertical sash
2 Horizontal sash
2.
Select isdx_overview_start.prt and click Open. The start part, consisting of a parametric
cylinder and a datum point, opens in the Pro/ENGINEER graphics window.
The cylinder height is 270, and the radius is 80. The point is offset from the surface by 30.
3.
36
3.
Click
. The Style dashboard displays the curve-related options.
Now create a spout shape at the top of the cylinder. The shape consists of four curvestwo
curves on surfaces (COSs) and two free curves.
5.
Click COS.
6.
Select two locations on the surface on which to create two points of a COS to be the side of
the spout.
6.
Click
(or middle-click).
6.
Select two locations on the surface on which to create two points of the COS to be the
bottom of the spout as shown in the following wireframe model:
Click
(or middle-click).
9. Click Free.
9. Hold down SHIFT and select two locations to create two points of a free curve to be the top
edge of the spout (one point is snapped to the datum point, the other to the COS).
9. Middle-click.
9. Hold down SHIFT and select two locations to create two points of a free curve to be the outer
edge of the spout (one point is snapped to the datum point and the other to the COS). See the
preceding figure.
9. Click
Displaying Points
When a curve references some other geometry, the curve is said to be the child of the other
geometry, and the points on the curve are said to be soft. A point is displayed in one of four shapes
depending on what it references.
37
A soft-point referencing a curve, facet data, and a solid or surface edge is displayed as a
circle.
To Build a Surface
This exercise shows how to build surfaces from curves.
1.
Click
2.
Holding down CTRL, select the four curves you created previously. The surface is created.
3.
Click
38
Select the free curve that is the top edge of the spout.
2.
Click
3.
Click the endpoint that lies on the surface to display the tangent.
4.
39
5. Click
Understanding Updates
The Style feature is a superfeature that contains curves, surfaces, relations, and internal history. For
this reason, it has an internal regeneration and update mechanism.
When you modify a component of a superfeature, you must update its children using
2.
Click
The connection icons are displayed as arrows on the surface as shown in the following figure:
3.
40
4.
Clicking in the middle of the icon raises the continuity level (if the curve connections allow).
The curves that run into the center plane must have tangents of type Normal where they
touch the center plane.
The curve that lies on the center plane must be flat (either a planar curve, or a free curve
with a 2D shape).
Click
2.
3.
Click the endpoint of the top horizontal curve that is attached to the datum point to display
the tangent.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
41
Click
(Done).
2.
42
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click
6.
Move the points of the curve to modify the shape of the curve, being careful to keep the
centerline curve on the centerline plane so it mirrors correctly.
7.
Middle-click to repeat.
8.
9.
10.
Click
43
11.
Click
to regenerate the feature.
12.
Now you can modify the datum point parametrically to increase or decrease the depth of the
spout opening.
2.
44
3.
In the Model Tree, drag the Insert Here arrow up until it is just below the datum curve.
Note that after you have moved the insert arrow, the features below it are suppressed in the Model
Tree and in the graphic window, as shown in the following figure:
45
Select the Right datum plane as the direction for the drop.
5.
When you select the datum plane the curve is dropped onto the surface, and the Surfaces
text box on the dashboard is filled with names of the entities you selected.
46
5.
Click
to finish the COS.
Click
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hold down SHIFT and click each of the vertical COSs that you dropped onto the surface in
the previous exercise.
5.
Middle-click to complete the curve. The new curve lies in a plane 80 units offset from the
bottom surface.
5.
Click
5.
Click Free.
5. Click Yes to convert the curve to a free curve. This also converts the end points to softpoints.
5. Click
5.
Hold down SHIFT while you select the midpoint and move it toward the datum point PNT1
until the point highlights in red. This snaps the midpoint to PNT1.
5.
Click
Click
2.
Click Planar.
3.
Hold down SHIFT and click to create a point at the bottom of each vertical drop curve. This
creates a planar curve at the base of the model.
4.
5.
Click
6.
Click Free.
7.
Click Yes to convert the curve to a free curve. This process also converts the end points to
soft-points.
47
8.
Click
and select the end points of the curve.
9.
10.
Click
11.
12.
Hold down SHIFT while you select the midpoint and move it toward the datum point PNT3
until the point is highlighted. This snaps the midpoint to PNT3.
Click
Click
2.
Holding down CTRL, select four boundary curves (the three drop curves and the planar
curve) to create the top surface and middle-click.
3.
Holding down CTRL, select four boundary curves (the two vertical drop curves, the planar
curve, and the bottom curve) to create the bottom surface.
4.
Click
48
2.
Click
3.
4.
Hold down SHIFT and click on the middle of each connection arrow to break the connection.
The arrows are displayed as dashed lines.
Click
Click
2.
3.
4.
Click Side 1 (red) to make a solid cut using the Style quilt.
5.
Click
6.
Resume all of the later features to reapply them to this new solid shape.
49
Understanding Connections
In the tutorial Creating Curves and Surfaces you made a solid cut in the model of a toaster to
lighten the model's contours. In this tutorial, you learn how to use Style connections to round the
edges of the cut, blending them smoothly with the rest of the model.
Begin with the toaster model as it was at the end of the Creating Curves and Surfaces tutorial, or
load the start part for this tutorial, isdx_connect_redefine.prt.To load the start part:
1.
50
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click
5.
6.
7.
7.
Click the curve's other endpoint and repeat the two preceding steps for its tangent.
7. Select the other free curve and repeat the steps 5 through 8.
7. Click
51
1 No connection (G0)
2 Tangent connection (G1)
3 Curvature connection (G2)
The curves that run into the center plane must have tangents of type Normal where they
touch the center plane.
The curve that lies on the center plane must be flat (either a planar curve, or a free curve
with a 2D shape).
52
1.
2.
Click
3.
Click each connection icon. These connections change according to the following rules:
o
Clicking on the end of the icon changes the connection direction (if the curve connections
allow it).
Clicking in the middle of the icon raises the continuity level (if the curve connections allow
it).
o
4.
Clicking in the middle of the icon with SHIFT held down removes the connection.
Click
to complete the Style feature. The cut is updated to look like the following figure:
Redefining Surfaces
In this tutorial you learn how to redefine Style surfaces by changing boundary references and
adding internal curves.
53
2.
Select isdx_surface_redefine.prt and click Open. The start part as shown in the following
figure, opens in the Pro/ENGINEER graphics window:
3.
Select the Style quilt in the Model Tree. Right-click and select Edit Definition on the
shortcut menu. See the following figure. The white arrow shows the new curve being added.
54
4.
Click
4.
Holding down SHIFT, click near the bottom of one vertical curve and then click near the
bottom of the other.
4.
4.
Click
4. Click
. Right-click on the curve and select Midpoint to add a midpoint to the curve.
and press SHIFT to snap the midpoint to PNT3.
4.
Move one endpoint of the new curve to the bottom of the vertical curve, and repeat for the
other endpoint.
4.
Click
2.
3.
4.
4.
Click
Click
2.
Click
3.
55
4.
Click Planar from the Style dashboard. The offset should be 0.0 by default.
4.
Hold down SHIFT and snap to the top curve of the surface, then snap to the bottom curve,
creating a planar curve on the FRONT datum plane.
4.
4.
Click
2.
3.
3.
Select the new internal curve as shown by the arrow in the next figure, and middle-click.
3.
Click
3.
Click
56
The next figure shows the results of an edit moving the right soft-point when the Proportional
Update option is turned off for this curve. Only the point being dragged is moved.
57
The next figure shows the same edit on the curve when Proportional Update is turned on. You can
see in Figure 3 that the other points on the curve move in proportion to the point being dragged.
58
Select the feature STYLEBODYLOWER from the Model Tree, right click and select Edit
Definition.
Now the model appears as is shown in the figure below. You will create a construction curve
between the top corners and unlink the soft-points.
2.
Click
2.
Snap (by clicking and holding down the SHIFT key) to the top corners of the profile curve
creating a new curve.
59
Click
4.
Right-click on one of the soft-points to open the shortcut menu shown below:
6.
Click Unlink to unlink the soft-point, and repeat step 5 & 6 for the other soft-point on the
curve.
6.
6.
Press the SHIFT key while you click to select one endpoint, and then drag the endpoint to
snap to the end of the construction curve.
6. Repeat the steps for the other endpoint of the profile curve. If you click one of the endpoints
now and move it, only the one point moves.
6.
Click the front endpoint and move it to see that the curve scales non-proportionally.
6.
6.
Click the front endpoint and move it to see that the curve scales proportionally now.
60
Undo the last edit where you moved the curve in the previous procedure.
2.
Click
3.
4.
5.
Now edit the shape of the top curve, until you are satisfied with the shape.
6.
Click
The final model is shown in the following figure. Both curves have proportional updates turned on.
61
2.
Select isdx_create_cos_start.prt and click Open. The start part opens. The start part,
consisting of two flat surfaces that act as the top and front faces of the model, opens in the
Pro/ENGINEER graphics window.
62
3.
Create two datum planes that are offset from the FRONT and TOP datum planes, as shown in
the following figure.
4.
4.
Click
4.
4.
Click
4.
Create a curve that is the profile for the front face of the model.
4.
4.
Click
4.
4.
Create a curve that is the profile for the top face of the model.
4.
63
The following figure shows the two curve profiles.
1 Two curves
Click
2.
3.
4.
Select the TOP datum plane to specify a direction for the drop.
5.
5.
Middle-click again.
5. Select the front surface and middle-click.
5.
5.
5.
Click
64
Click
Hold down the SHIFT key and snap to the ends of the dropped curves to create a free curve
that connects the two ends.
3.
Repeat step 2 and connect the other ends of the dropped curves.
4.
Click
4.
Right-click on an endpoint of the free curve and select Surface Tangent on the shortcut
menu.
4.
7.
Click
65
7.
.
Click
7.
7.
Create a planar curve on the RIGHT datum plane by holding down the SHIFT key and
snapping the endpoints of the planar curve to the dropped curve.
7.
Click
7.
7.
Move the tangent to edit the shape of the planar curve, as shown.
14.
14.
Click
14.
14.
14.
Click the Internal selection arrow on the Style dashboard. The Select dialog box opens.
14.
14.
66
22.
Click
22.
22.
22.
22.
Click
27.
Repeat the above trimming quilt operation for the front surface.
67
To Create COSs
1.
2.
Click
3.
Click COS.
4.
5.
Repeat steps 4-5 to create four COSs as shown in the following figure. Use the SHIFT key to
snap each COS to the end of the other.
68
Click
7.
7.
Click
7.
Create a planar curve and snap the endpoint to the COSs near the front and top surface.
7.
Click
7.
Right-click on the endpoints of the planar curve and click Surface Tangent on the shortcut
menu.
7.
Right-click on the planar curve and click Add Midpoint on the shortcut menu. A midpoint is
added.
7.
Select this midpoint and move it slightly inside to modify the shape of the planar curve as
shown.
69
1 Planar curve
Click
2.
Select the fillet surface that you created earlier from the dropped curves and middle-click.
3.
Select the four COSs created earlier and middle-click. The portion between the COSs from
the surface is removed. The final quilt is as shown in the following figure.
70
4.
Click
4.
4.
4.
Click the Internal selection arrow on the Style dashboard. The Select dialog box opens.
4.
4.
4.
Click
71
To Understand Resolve
1.
2.
Select isdx_resolve_mode.prt and click Open. The following part opens in the
Pro/ENGINEER graphics window:
72
3.
3.
73
5.
7. Click Suspend.
The Regenerate traffic light turns yellow because entities are out of date. Clicking the yellow
traffic light opens the Resolve dialog box and turns the light red. Other methods to access the
Resolve dialog box are:
o
A blocked entity is a child of a failed entity. The regeneration system does not try to regenerate
children of failed entities, but considers them blocked.
8.
In the Resolve dialog box, select the name of the failed entity (SF-21) and notice that the
explanation is "Missing reference for internal curve."
8.
10.
Click the traffic light to regenerate the feature. The light changes from red to green
indicating the regeneration is complete and successful.
Select the Style curve shown by the arrow at the top of the phone.
74
2.
.
Click
2. Click on the endpoint of the curve to display the tangent.
2.
5. Select Natural.
5.
Click
The Resolve dialog box opens with the failure of entity SF-21. The explanation is "Cross curves
are not consistent with surface connection," because you have just broken a curve connection,
but Style is trying to maintain the surface connection.
In Style, the Resolve dialog box does not prevent you from further work. In this case you can
use
7.
Click
7.
7.
7.
Select Tangent.
7.
Click
Select one of the short vertical curves on the side of the phone.
2.
Click
3.
4.
5.
Select Natural.
6.
Click Edit > Resolve to see the failure in the Resolve dialog box.
This failure is the surface connection normal to the TOP datum plane.
7.
75
7.
Click
and see the feature regenerate successfully.
Redefine the failed entity, for example, by selecting new boundary curves for a surface.
Operate on the failed entity. Completely unlink all references. If the failed entity is a
COS, planar curve, or drop curve, the Unlink option also converts the curve type to free.
2.
Select isdx_reference_data_1.prt and click Open. The following figure which shows part
of a model of an engine air intake, opens in the Pro/ENGINEER graphics window. You will create the
surfaces to blend these parts together.
76
3.
3.
Click
3. Create four free curves that attach to the surface edges as shown below.
77
Make sure you attach these Style curves to the edge in each case. You will notice the edge is
briefly highlighted when you snap to it, but if you have doubt as to what entity you are snapping
to, use the Sel Bin as described below:
a.
b.
c.
From the Query bin, select the edge you want your curve snapped to.
d.
Click Accept.
Click
2.
Select one of the curves attached to the interior of the existing surface.
3.
4.
5.
Select Tangent.
5.
Repeat for the other curve attached to the interior of the surface edge.
2.
3.
4.
4.
4.
To Create Surfaces
You can use solid or surface edges as well as datum curves as boundaries for Style surfaces.
78
1.
Click
.
2.
3.
2.
Select isdx_reference_data_2.prt and click Open. The following part opens in the
Pro/ENGINEER graphics window:
79
For this exercise, you will concentrate on only the main spoke of this wheel.
3. Click Insert > Style to create a new Style feature.
3.
Click
You will use the curve tool to create curves with soft-points on the scan data.
5.
Hold down the SHIFT key while you define points on the scan lines making a curve.
Typically, you do not need many points to define the shape, and you can use the curve edit to
refine the shape after it is defined. Notice that the soft-points float along the scan data.
6.
Hold down the SHIFT key and click to create a second curve on the scan section.
After you have the two curves defined, you can create two more curves to define a closed
rectangle for a surface.
80
Click
7.
9.
Click
81
Select the Style surface from the Model Tree and right-click to select Edit Definition.
2.
Click
Now you can add an internal curve by building a curve just as you built the first two boundary
curves for the surface.
3.
Press the SHIFT key and click to define points on the curve across a scan line.
3.
Click
3.
Click the following link and save the file at a location of your choice:
phone.zip
2.
2.
Click Insert > Shared Data > From File. The Open dialog box opens.
2.
2.
Select the phone.stl file and click Open. The Import Options dialog box opens.
6.
82
Next, you start Style to build a surface directly onto the model.
7.
7.
Click
7.
Build four curves directly on the area of the model that you want to capture.
7.
83
1 Boundary curves
11.
Click
11.
13.
Changing the color of the surface will make comparison with the facet reference easier.
You may want to create another curve to use as an internal curve to refine the surface. You also
may add points to the boundary curves to hold them closer to the facets.
USER INTERFACE
About Style Features
Style is a design environment within Pro/ENGINEER that allows you to create free-form curves and
surfaces quickly and easily, and to combine multiple elements into superfeatures. Style features are
called superfeatures because they can contain limitless numbers of curves and surfaces.
The new Style user interface offers the best of both worldsit is a self-contained, intuitive modeling
environment and also a Pro/ENGINEER feature. The user can create truly free Style features and
take advantage of the parametric and associative Pro/E capabilities.
Style features are flexible; they have their own internal parent/child relationships, and can also
have relationships with other Pro/ENGINEER features.
You can accomplish all of the following tasks with Style:
84
Work in single- and multiple-view environments. The multiple-view environment is a powerful feature
in Pro/ENGINEER; you can display and work in four model views at one time.
Create a Curve on Surface (COS), a special curve type that lies on a surface.
Styling menu in the top menu barcontains the main set of Style commands for curve and
surface creation and modification.
Style commands in the Edit, View, Analysis, and Info menuscommands such as those to
undo and redo Style curve operations, enter Resolve mode, display curvature plots, and set Style
preferences (surface mesh, curve quality).
Style quickbarcontains shortcuts to the Style commands found in the Edit, View, and
Analysis menus.
Isometric/Trimetric/
Front view
Right view
User-defined
Isometric/Trimetric/
User-defined
Front view
Right view
To Start Style
Click Insert > Style on the top menu bar to start Style. You can also click
85
A Styling menu is added to the menu bar, and two Style toolbars are added, one each at the top
and side of the Pro/ENGINEER window.
To Exit Style
Click
or Styling > Done to save and exit the current Style feature, finalizing all geometry in the
Pro/ENGINEER geometry database.
Click
or Styling > Quit to cancel all changes to the current Style feature.
Styling Menu
The Styling menu contains the following options:
PreferencesOpens the Styling Preferences dialog box, which allows you to set preferences for
display, curvature plots, and surface mesh.
Set Active PlaneAllows you to set the active datum plane for geometry creation and edits.
Internal PlaneOpens the DATUM PLANE dialog box where you create datum planes internal to
the Style feature.
Trace SketchOpens the Trace Sketch dialog box where you create trace sketches from the
referenced images.
SnapToggles snapping on and off. By default it is turned off. (You can also enable snap by
pressing and holding the SHIFT key while you press the mouse button.)
CurveDisplays the options to create Style curves using interpolation or control points.
Drop CurveDisplays the options to drop a curve onto a surface to create a COS.
Offset COSAllows you to offset a COS on the same surface as that of the COS or perpendicular to
the surface on which it lies.
Curve from DatumConverts curves or edges created outside Style to Style Free curves.
Curve from SurfaceAllows you to create a free or COS curve from an isoparametric line of a
surface.
Curve EditAllows you to edit a curve or multiple curves by dragging points or tangents.
SurfaceDisplays the options to create three or four boundary surfaces from boundary and internal
curves.
Surface ConnectDisplays the options to change connections between surfaces.
TrimAllows you to trim surfaces and quilts using a set of curves.
DoneExits Style, completing the Style feature and finalizing all geometry in the Pro/ENGINEER
geometry database.
QuitCancels all changes to the Style feature.
Additional options on the Edit, View, Analysis, and Info menus allow you to control Style views
and access information about Style entities.
Edit Menu
The Edit menu contains the following options for Style:
Regenerate AllAllows you to regenerate geometry locally within Style. During Style regeneration,
only the entities contained in the Style feature are regenerated and not the entire Pro/ENGINEER
model.
86
UndoUndoes the last Style operation.
RedoRedoes the last Undo operation. See Undo above.
CopyDuplicates the selected Style curves and allows you to position them. Soft-points are
preserved during a copy if valid; otherwise this option is disabled.
Copy ProportionalDuplicates the selected geometry, retaining the original proportions when the
endpoints of the first curve in the selected geometry are moved to new positions during duplication.
MoveAllows you to reposition selected Style curves.
ConvertAllows you to convert curves from one type to another.
UnlinkBreaks the associativity between Styling entities and any of their optional references.
Optional references for surfaces include internal curves and connections. Optional references for
curves include soft-points. Drop curves have no optional references.
DeleteDeletes selected Style curves, surfaces, internal datum planes, or trimmed quilt pieces.
ResolveAllows you to resolve a Style feature that has failed regeneration. Opens the Resolve
dialog box.
Edit DefinitionAllows you to redefine Style geometry. Opens the appropriate dialog box where
you can edit entities such as curves or surfaces.
Note: Move and copy functionality in Style applies to Style curves only. It applies to planar and free
curves but not COSs.
View Menu
The following Style options are on the View menu:
Show All ViewsDisplays all four views for modeling. This command is also available on the
shortcut menu.
Show Next ViewDisplays the next view counter-clockwise from the active view when you are in
single view display.
OrientationAdjusts the view as follows:
ReorientOpens the Orientation dialog box where you can specify the view orientation.
VisibilityAllows selective display of entities. You can use Hide, Unhide, or Unhide All.
Analysis Menu
The following Style options are on the Analysis menu:
Show CurvatureDisplays the curvature plot on the selected curves.
Clear CurvatureRemoves the curvature plot for the selected curves.
Clear All CurvaturesRemoves all displayed curvatures from the display.
Saved AnalysisDisplays the Saved Analysis dialog box.
Delete AllDeletes all saved analyses.
87
The following Style options are available when you click Analysis > Geometry:
CurvatureEvaluates and displays the curvature of curves, edges, or surfaces. Mathematically, the
curvature is equal to 1/radius.
SectionsEvaluates surface continuity, especially across shared boundaries. Allows you to highlight
section curves on the surface or display cross-sections parallel to the selected reference plane.
OffsetEvaluates and displays an offset for a selected set of curves, edges, or surfaces.
Shaded CurvatureEvaluates and displays the smallest and largest normal curvature values for
every point on a surface.
ReflectionDisplays curves that represent the reflection due to linear sources of light on a surface
when viewed from the specified direction.
DraftAnalyzes a part design to determine if a draft is necessary for the part to be used in a mold.
Displays a color plot of the draft.
SlopeDisplays, in color, the slope of a surface relative to a reference plane, coordinate system,
curve, edge, or datum axis on a part.
Info Menu
The following Style options are on the Info menu:
EntityDisplays information about selected Style entities in an information window.
Current FeatureDisplays information about the current Style feature in an information window.
Note: You can modify certain Style parameters outside Style by clicking the check boxes next to
these parameters in Style. Clicking Info > Feature outside Style also displays the information
about these parameters.
Style Toolbars
Two Style toolbars are added to the Pro/ENGINEER interface by default when you are creating a
Style feature. The Quickbar is added to the top of the window, and the Toolbar is added to the right
side of the window.
Style Quickbar
The following icons are available in the Quickbar which is, by default, displayed at the top of the
graphics window:
Icon
Command
Description
Undo
Redo
Repeat
Show Curvature
88
Regenerate All
Style Toolbar
The icons on the Toolbar provide shortcut access to the most common Style operations located on
the Styling menu. By default the Toolbar contains the following icons:
Icon
Command
Description
Select
Allows you to set the current datum plane for geometry creation
and edits.
Internal Plane
Curve
Curve Edit
Drop Curve
Surface
Surface Connect
Trim
Done
Quit
Click Tools > Customize Screen. The Customize dialog box opens.
2.
Click Toolbars.
3.
4.
Shortcut Menus
89
There are several shortcut menus available with Style. Right-click while performing a task to access
its shortcut menu. The default shortcut menu contains the following commands:
NextSelects the next item in the Style Query Bin during the selection process.
PreviousSelects the previous item in the Style Query Bin during the selection process.
Unselect LastAllows you to unselect the last geometric entity that you selected.
Active Plane OrientationDisplays the model with the active datum plane parallel to the
screen.
Set Active PlaneAllows you to set the current datum plane for geometry creation.
IsolateTurns the display off for all the entities other than the selected entity.
Unhide All EntitiesDisplays all the previously hidden entities as well as entities that were
not hidden.
Modifier Keys
The following modifier keys are available during Style operations:
Modifier Key
Command
Action
Right-click
All commands
Left-click
All commands
Selection (default)
CTRL + left-click
Selection
Middle-click
All commands
Double-click
Selection
Redefine
SHIFT
Curve Create
Curve Edit
90
geometry by using Styling > Snap in
the top menu bar.
CTRL
Selection
CTRL + SHIFT
Selection
ALT
SHIFT + ALT
Curve Edit
Extend Point
CTRL + ALT
ALT
Curve Edit
CTRL + ALT
Curve Edit
Sun Solaris
IBM AIX
Compaq OSF1
1.
If you do not have the file /.dt/dtwmrc in your home directory, copy it from the systems area
by entering the following:
cp/usr/dt/config/C/sys.dtwmrc~/.dt/dtwmrc
2.
Edit the file to comment out the following lines with a pound sign (#) at the beginning of
each line:
ALT<Btn1Down>icon|windowf.move
ALT<Btn3Down>windowf.minimize
3.
Restart the window manager by logging out, and then logging back in.
91
To Enable Snapping
There are two ways to enable and use snapping as discussed below:
Click Show Sel Bin to open the Style Query Bin which displays the selected entity's name.
SETTING PREFERENCES
To Set Style Preferences
Use the Preferences dialog box to set preferences for display, curvature plots, and surface mesh.
1.
2.
Click Styling > Preferences to open the Styling Preferences dialog box.
Toggle the Default Connections option for surfaces off or on. When turned on, connections
are established automatically when you create surfaces, if possible.
3.
4.
Toggle the Auto Regenerate options off or on. Available options are:
o
CurvesWhen turned on, the child curves within the Style feature are automatically
regenerated during the modification of a parent.
SurfaceWhen turned on, the child surfaces within the Style feature are automatically
regenerated during the modification of a parent when the display mode is wireframe. You may
want to turn this off if your Style feature contains many surfaces and you need more
interactive control for curve edits.
Shaded SurfaceWhen turned on, the child surfaces within the Style feature are
automatically regenerated during modification of a parent when the display mode is wireframe
or shaded. You may want to turn this off if your Style feature contains many surfaces and you
need more interactive control for curve edits.
92
5. Enter a value for Grid spacing to change the number of lines displayed on the grid of the
active datum plane.
5.
QualityIncrease the quality to display more normal lines on the curvature plot.
TypeSpecify whether you want to display the curvature values or the radius of curvature
values along the curve.
7.
Set Surface Mesh optionsthese let you set display preferences for the surface mesh. The
surface mesh is displayed with the values specified in the Surface Mesh container, according to the
option you set. Available options are as follows:
o
Off When ShadedDisplays the surface mesh except when the model is shaded.
8.
Modify the Surface Mesh quality. You can increase or decrease the number of mesh lines
displayed in both directions.
8.
93
indicate a crease in the curve, only a sharp change in the curvature. The curve is still tangent
continuous internally.
Click
or Analysis > Show Curvature. The curvature plot updates dynamically during
curve edits. You do not have to save the analysis to make them dynamic.
2.
Click Styling > Preferences to modify the display settings of the curvature plots, if
necessary. The following options are available:
o
o
o
QualityThe number of segments on the plot. Increasing the quality increases the amount
of time to plot.
SizeThe relative size of the plot.
TypeCurvature displays the curvature values along the curve, Radius displays the radius
of curvature values along the curve.
Select the curves, and then click Analysis > Clear Curvature to clear displayed curvature
plots only from selected curves.
Click
the screen.
or click Analysis > Clear All Curvatures to clear all displayed curvature plots from
94
1 Curvature Plot
2 Radius of Curvature Plot
Click Styling > Preferences. The Styling Preferences dialog box opens.
2.
3.
To see the meshes only in the wireframe display mode, click Off When Shaded.
4.
Under Surface Mesh, use the slider to set the quality for surface mesh.
Isometric/Trimetric/
User-defined
Front view
Right view
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Click View > Orientation > Active Plane Orientation. The Front view (lower-left) is oriented with
the active datum plane parallel to the screen, and the Top and Right views are oriented to their
respective 90-degree rotations of the active datum plane.
Press the right mouse button in any view, and then click Active Plane Orientation. The
specified view is oriented with the active datum parallel to the screen. No change is made to the
other views.
HideAvailable as a button on the shortcut menu. This option suppresses the display of the
selected Style entities.
Unhide AllAvailable using View > Visibility. This option displays all the previously hidden
features or Style entities.
Unhide All EntitiesAvailable as a button on the shortcut menu. This option displays all the
previously hidden Style entities. The Style entities within that Style feature get displayed.
IsolateAvailable as a button on the shortcut menu. This option suppresses the display of
all the Style entities except the selected entities.
The selective display in Style works on curves, surfaces, and internal datum planes created in Style,
in the current Style feature within the current session.
When redefining a Style feature, all the hidden entities are displayed when you select Done or Quit
to exit the feature.
Note: Internal datum planes are not displayed outside the Style feature.
When a feature is redefined within the current session, all the hidden entities remain hidden.
Pro/ENGINEER displays a warning message to let you know that some entities are hidden.
Note: You can add Hide, Unhide All Entities, and Isolate as icons to the Style tool bar using
Tools > Customize Screen.
Sketch all points of a curve in one view, then move the mouse to another view and click once
to set the depth of the curve. Repeat this step with various depths to easily create a family of
cross curves or sections without having to make any additional datums.
Sketch curves in the Front, Top, and Right views by repeating the above steps to create the
skeleton curves of the model without having to reorient the display. Use the isometric/trimetric
view to get a good 3-D feel for the shape as you work.
Sketch the 2-D shape of a curve in one view, then switch to edit mode and drag the points or
tangents in the other views. Observe the shape changes in the other views as you drag. This
shows a true 3-D (non-planar) curve without having to rotate any views.
In general, defining the depth of any point on a curve can be postponed until after you enter a
series of points. The green line displayed indicates when one or more points can have their depth
adjusted. Click anywhere along the green line to set the depth for those points. If you choose not to
change the depth, the curve points stay at their default positions when you complete the curve.
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Click
Select a datum plane. The specified plane becomes the active plane. Style also displays the
horizontal and vertical directions for this plane.
Click
or View > Show All Views to display all four views for modeling.
again.
Isometric/Trimetric/
User-defined
Front view
Right view
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1 Vertical sash
2 Horizontal sash
To reset the sash to the center, double-click the sash.
Move the pointer over the sash that divides the view into four panes. The pointer changes its
shape to a double-headed arrow.
2.
Drag the sash. The arrow indicates the direction in which you can drag the sash.
o
You can drag the vertical sash horizontally and the horizontal sash vertically.
You can also drag the intersection of the two sashes horizontally and vertically.
Note: You cannot drag the sash beyond a certain limit. The sash location and the corresponding
pane size apply to a single window only within the current session.
To Reset a View
Click View > Orientation > Default Orientation to reset views to their default orientation.
Note: Only the view orientation, not the screen layout, changes.
Create an asynchronous datum plane while creating a Style feature. This datum plane is
inserted in the model tree before the active feature and is hidden by default.
Create a datum plane while creating a feature so that the datum plane is internal to the
active feature. This internal datum plane is not seen at the top level in the model tree. You can
reference any Style entity such as Style curve endpoints, Style surface vertices, and other
internal datum planes besides the regular Style references for creating the internal datum planes.
When creating or defining Style features, you can create datum planes as internal to the Style
feature, but you must create datum points and datum axes asynchronously. The advantage of using
an internal datum plane is that it can have references to other entities in the current Style feature.
2.
Choose the desired constraint option from the DATUM PLANE menu.
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3.
Pick the necessary references on the model. You can select any curves and surfaces as
references for the internal datum plane.
For more information about constraining the datum plane, refer to the topic About Datum Planes
from the Part Modeling module of Pro/ENGINEER Help.
4.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have established the necessary constraints.
4.
Click OK to create the datum plane or Cancel to cancel the datum plane creation.
If you clicked OK, the internal datum plane is created. This plane is active by default and is
displayed with a grid. Style also displays the horizontal and vertical directions for the internal
datum plane.
Modify an internal datum plane created in Style by using the top level Edit command. Using
the Feature Edit command displays the numeric parameters used to create the internal datum
plane. You can modify these parameters.
Delete an internal datum plane by selecting the internal datum plane and clicking Edit >
Delete from the top menu bar.
Display information about the selected internal datum plane in the Style feature using Info
> Entity on the top menu bar.
Use the Show, Hide, and Isolate options to show or hide internal datum planes.
Regenerate internal datum planes in the same way as other Style subfeatures. An internal
datum plane can reference geometry defined in the Style feature in which it is created. Therefore,
an internal datum plane can regenerate successfully only if the parent features also regenerate
successfully.
Resolve an internal datum plane, but you cannot unlink it from its parent feature.
Note: You cannot modify or redefine the internal datum planes within Style.
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CURVES
UNDERSTANDING CURVES
About Creating Curves in Style
A curve is any path drawn through two or more defining points. A set of internal points and
endpoints define the curve.
In Style, creating good curves is the key to creating a feature with high-quality surfaces, because all
surfaces are defined directly from curves.
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ConstrainedPoints that are constrained in some way, may be "soft" points or "fixed" points.
To create a curve you first specify two or more points. Free points are displayed as small white dots.
They are projected by default onto the current datum plane, but their depth may be specified from
another view. If you are working in 4-view display mode, you can specify the depth in one of the
other panes where the green depth line is visible. In single-view display mode, you can rotate the
view until you see the green line through the point, and then click anywhere along the green line to
specify the depth of the point.
Soft-Points
Create a soft-point by snapping to any curve, edge, quilt or solid surface, scan curve, or facet. As
you create a soft-point, the entity you are snapping to is highlighted briefly. A soft-point is
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considered partially constrainedit can slide on its parent curve, surface, edge or facet. Soft-points
are displayed as open circles when they reference other curves and edges. Soft-points are displayed
as open squares when they reference surfaces.
Note: To snap, press the SHIFT key while holding down the mouse button, or click Styling > Snap.
If there is a possibility of snapping to multiple entities, you can use the shortcut menu and click
Next, Previous, or Show Sel Bin to select the referenced entities.
Fixed Points
A fixed point is a fully constrained soft-point. A fixed point is displayed as an x. It cannot slide on its
parent because it is constrained in x, y, and z. When you create fixed points, see the note above on
snapping which applies to fixed points as well.
There are several ways a soft-point becomes a fixed point:
Soft points on free curves become fixed points if the option Lock to Point is used. Lock to
Point will move a soft-point to the nearest defining point on its parent curve.
When planar curves are snapped to existing entities, the points are fixed because the plane
forms an intersection with the other entity.
Point Types
In Style you can create and edit curves in two modes:
Interpolation Points
By default, Style displays the interpolation points of a curve while creating or editing the curve. You
can edit the curve by clicking and dragging the points that actually lie on the curve.
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CREATING CURVES
To Create a New Curve
1.
Click
2.
Select Free, Planar, or COS to specify the type of curve you want to create.
o
3.
Define points for the curve. You can create Style curves using control points as well as
interpolation points.
3.
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1.
Click Styling > Set Active Plane to set the active datum plane to where you want to enter
your first point.
2.
Click
3.
Click Free.
4.
5.
To define the curve to lie off of the current plane, rotate the view.
6.
Click along the green line to determine the depth of the curve.
If you do not specify a depth, the curve lies on the active datum plane by default.
7.
Click Styling > Set Active Plane to set the active datum plane where you want to enter
your first point.
2.
Click
3.
4.
If necessary, click Refs to open the Planar or Free dialog box and enter an offset value.
The default setting is 0.0. Any other value moves the datum plane by the specified amount. To
be able to modify the Offset value outside Style, click the check box.
5.
Click on the active plane to define the points for the curve.
5.
Click
2.
Click COS.
3.
Define points along a selected surface, and Style creates a COS that goes through the
definition points.
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When you define COS points, you can use snapping functionality to snap to other vertices or
datum points as long as they all lie on the same surface.
4.
Click
Click
2.
Select a surface or surfaces on which to drop the curve, and then middle-click.
3.
Select the curve or curves that you want to drop onto the specified surface, and then middleclick.
4.
Select a datum plane. Style orients the curve or curves normal to the selected datum plane
and then drops them onto the surface.
5.
Click
2.
An offset of the COS is created on the same surface as that of the COS.
Offset box, Offset check box, and Normal check box are available on the dashboard.
3.
Click the Normal check box to offset the COS perpendicular to the surface on which it lies.
3.
Type a value as the distance for the offset in the Offset box.
Type a negative value to reverse the direction of the offset.
Note: Some offset values can produce cusps or self-crossing curves where the curve splits into
multiple curves to retain the cusp-point. This results in more than one offset curve.
5.
Click the Offset check box to export the offset value for modification outside Style.
5.
Click
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The next figure shows an offset of a COS which is perpendicular to the surface on which the COS
lies.
A trimmed surface, the resulting curve from surface is limited to the edge of the trimmed
surface.
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A composite surface, separate curves are created for each component of the composite surface.
Curves from surface do not maintain history.
Click Styling > Curve from Surface to open the Style dashboard.
2.
3.
Select a point on the surface through which the curve must pass. A curve from surface that
displays the default orientation is created.
4.
5.
Press CTRL and click on the surface to change the curve direction.
Drag the curve to slide across the surface and position it. Alternatively, on the Style
dashboard click the Options tab and type a value in the Value box.
6.
7.
Click
Click
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click anywhere on the parent curve to construct a soft-plane at that point. The soft-plane:
o
6.
6.
To determine the position of the plane and how this position updates during regeneration,
a.
Select one of the following options in the Type box under Radial Plane. The default is
Length Ratio.
Length RatioMaintains the position of the soft-plane to the percentage of the length from
the start of the parent curve to the plane, relative to the total length of the parent curve.
This is the default.
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LengthDetermines the distance from the start of the parent curve to the soft-plane.
ParameterMaintains the position of the soft-plane by keeping its parameter constant
along the curve.
Offset from PlaneDetermines the position of the soft-plane by intersecting the parent
curve with a plane at a given offset. If multiple intersections are found, the value
parametrically closest to the previous value is used.
Lock to PointLocks the soft-plane at a defining point on the parent curve, finding the
closest defining point on the parent curve, typically an endpoint.
b. Type a value for the selected type in the Value box.
8.
Click the Value check box to export the value for modification outside Style.
8.
8.
1 Parent curve
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2 Soft-plane
3 Radial-path planar curve
EDITING CURVES
Click
2.
Select the curve to edit. You can also select the curve and then click
Click
2.
Select the curve to edit. You can also select the curve and then click
Click and drag a free point anywhere on the screen. Free points move in a plane parallel to
the current datum plane and through the original position of the point.
Use the ALT key to drag points normal to the active plane.
Use CTRL + ALT to move points vertically or horizontally with respect to the view.
4.
Enter xyz coordinate values for placing the point of a Free curve. The coordinate values can
be specified relative to the original placement, or at absolute distances from the coordinate
system origin.
Click
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Free curves can change to planar, and planar curves can change to free. Neither free nor planar
curves can be changed to COSs.
1.
Click
2.
3.
4.
Click
Click
2.
3.
Click Point to display the point movement options. Under Point, select the Drag options.
The available options are as follows:
FreePoint movement is not constrained.
Horizontal/VerticalPoint movement is constrained to either horizontal or vertical, whichever
direction you move the cursor in initially. You can also constrain the movement in this manner by
pressing CTRL + ALT.
NormalPoint movement is constrained to normal to the current datum plane. You can also
constrain the movement in this manner by pressing ALT.
Click
2.
3.
Right-click on the soft-point to display the soft-point shortcut menu. You can also click Point
from the dashboard to display the Soft-Point options. The available options are as follows:
o
LengthDetermines the distance from the beginning of the referenced curve to the point.
Length RatioMaintains the position of the soft-point to the percentage of the length from
the beginning of the curve to the point, relative to the total length of the curve. This is the
default.
ParameterMaintains the position of the point by keeping its parameter along the curve
constant.
OffsetDetermines the position of the point by intersecting the referenced curve with a
plane at a given offset. If multiple intersections are found, the value closest parametrically to
the previous value is used.
Lock to PointLocks the soft-point to a defining point on the reference curve, finding the
closest defining point on the parent curve (typically an endpoint).
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o
LinkedIndicates that the point is a soft-point, but that none of the above soft-point types
are applicable. This includes soft points on a surface or a plane and soft-points to a datum
point or vertex. For example, a curve point that is snapped to a surface is linked.
Note: Linked indicates a state; it is not an action.
Unlinkdisconnects the soft-point from the parent geometry. The point becomes free and
defined at the current location.
Click
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the Reference selection arrow and select a new datum plane or a planar surface for
the curve to lie on, or go to the next step.
Type a value for Offset.
This is the value to offset the curve from its current position. Alternatively, holding down the ALT
key, drag the grid display to change the offset value.
6.
Click
If the tangent is completely free you can change both length and direction by dragging the
displayed vector. Most other constraints (such as Align or Fix Angle) allow you to modify only the
length since the direction is constrained.
In the case of a connected curve, the tangent handle has two parts: a regular tangent vector
on the leader and an arrow tangent vector on the follower. The follower tangent can be dragged
to change length only (the direction is constrained by the leader). The leader tangent may have
any of the other constraints (except Tangent or Curvature) applied. Changing the type of the
follower tangent to anything except Tangent or Curvature breaks the connection with the leader
curve.
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You can swap the leader/follower direction (and the underlying soft-point) by clicking on the
end of the leader tangent to move the arrow.
Click
2.
Select a curve.
3.
Click the curve's endpoint to display the tangent vector for a curve with interpolation points.
For Curves with control points, the segment between the endpoint and the previous point is
selected.
4.
Click the tangent vector and drag it around the screen, changing the vector's length and
position, or go to the next step.
5.
Click Tangent on the Style dashboard, or right-click over the tangent vector to display the
Tangent options.
6.
Under Constraints, select one of the following primary tangent constraints from the First
box:
o
NaturalUses the natural mathematical tangent for the defining points. This is the default
for newlycreated curves. The tangent may change direction as you modify the defining
points.
Fix AngleSets the current direction, but allows you to change the length by dragging.
HorizontalSets the current direction to horizontal relative to the grid of the current datum
plane, but allows you to change length by dragging.
VerticalSets the current direction to vertical relative to the grid of the current datum
plane, but allows you to change the length by dragging.
NormalSets the current direction to be perpendicular to a reference datum plane that you
select.
AngleType an angle into the Angle box to specify a tangent's exact angle, if desired.
LengthType a value into the Length box to specify a tangent's exact length, if desired.
ElevationElevation is a measure of how much the tangent comes out with respect to the
tangent reference datum plane, and is measured in degrees. Type a value in the Elevation
box, if desired.
Note: You can specify elevation only for Free curves. While changing constraints, you can
use the horizontal and vertical direction reference (H/V axis) of the datum plane.
8.
ReferenceClick the selection arrow to choose a new reference plane for this tangent.
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8.
Changing the Drag setting changes the way the tangent vector is directly manipulated on
the screen:
o
Angle + ElevLocks the current length of the tangent so that only the angle and elevation
change. Alternatively, hold down the ALT key while dragging the tangent.
LengthLocks the current direction of the tangent so that only the length changes.
Alternatively, hold down the CTRL and ALT keys while dragging the tangent.
Note: The drag setting does not apply any constraints to the currently selected tangent, but
only affects dragging any tangent using the mouse.
10.
Click
Note:
Every tangent can have its own unique reference plane, for constraining primary and
elevation angle.
You can constrain the control point tangents as well as interpolation point tangents.
If the value of the tangent elevation angle is 90 degrees, modifying the tangent angle has no
effect on the tangent direction as the elevation controls the tangent direction.
Click
2.
Select a curve and click the curve's endpoint to display the tangent vector.
3.
Click Tangent on the dashboard, or right-click over the tangent vector to display the
Tangent options.
4.
Under Constraints, select one of the following primary tangent constraints from the First
box that apply to connections with neighboring curves and surfaces:
SymmetricSets the tangents of two adjoining curves to be the average of the tangents at the
end points. If the selected endpoint is a soft-point, the tangent is constrained to follow the
tangent of the neighbor, which becomes the leader.
TangentSame as symmetric, but the original tangent value of the leader curve is maintained.
CurvatureSame as tangent, but the original curvature value of the leader curve is maintained.
The following options create connections with neighboring surfaces:
Surface TangentSets the selected curve tangent to follow the tangent curvature of the
parent surface. This requires that the selected endpoint is a soft-point to a surface boundary.
You can also add secondary constraints.
Surface Curvaturesets the selected curve tangent to follow the cross-boundary curvature of
the parent surface. This requires that the selected endpoint is a soft-point to a surface. You can
also add secondary constraints.
5.
Click
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When the primary constraint on a curve tangent is Surface Tangent or Surface Curvature, the
tangent gets projected on the tangent plane. You can further constrain its placement by specifying
the second tangent constraint.
The following secondary constraints are valid:
Natural
Free
Fix Angle
Horizontal
Vertical
Normal
Align
Select the required curves with surface tangents for adding secondary tangent constraints.
You can select those tangents with the primary tangent type Surface Tangent or Surface
Curvature.
2.
3.
Click
Select the tangent and click Tangent on the Style dashboard. The Tangent dialog box
opens.
4.
Type the secondary constraint type in the Second box. Optionally, you can also change the
values of the available parameters by directly dragging the tangent as required.
5.
Click
Note:
You can constrain the control point tangents as well as interpolation point tangents.
You can use the secondary constraint type Normal only if the active datum plane normal lies
in the tangent plane.
You can use the secondary constraint type Align only if the curve tangent for the curve
selected for alignment lies in the tangent plane.
Click
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2.
Select a curve.
3.
Right-click anywhere on the curve and select one of the following options:
o
o
4.
To Combine Curves
1.
Click
2.
3.
4.
If there is more than one neighbor curve at the endpoint, Pro/ENGINEER prompts you to
select which curve to combine with the selected curve.
5.
Click
to complete the curve operation. The two curves are merged into a single curve,
which changes shape in order to maintain smoothness.
To Split a Curve
You can divide a single curve into two pieces at a selected point. The two resulting curves are joined
by a soft-point at their ends.
1.
Click
2.
3.
4.
Click
. The curve is split at the specified point. The resulting curves change shape as they
refit to the new defining points.
To Extend a Curve
1.
Click
2.
Select a curve.
3.
Select the end point and drag the curve to extend it. This retains the number of points on the
curve.
4.
To extend a curve by adding points to it, press SHIFT + ALT, click the endpoint of the curve
and click outside the curve. A point gets added to the curve.
5.
To extend a curve by adding a point along the tangent or curvature extension of the curve,
click Point and select Tangent or Curvature from the Extend list. Then press SHIFT + ALT,
and drag the new endpoint of the curve to the desired location along the tangent or curvature
line.
6.
7.
Click
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2.
Click
3.
4.
5.
Click
2.
Click
3.
4.
5.
6.
Note: Change the reference to change from a radial-path planar curve to a planar curve.
7. To change the position of the plane and how this position updates during regeneration,
a.
Select one of the following options in the Type box under Radial Plane.
Length RatioMaintains the position of the soft-plane to the percentage of the length from
the start of the parent curve to the plane, relative to the total length of the parent curve.
This is the default.
LengthDetermines the distance from the start of the parent curve to the soft-plane.
ParameterMaintains the position of the soft-plane by keeping its parameter along the
curve constant.
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Offset from PlaneDetermines the position of the soft-plane by intersecting the parent
curve with a plane at a given offset. If multiple intersections are found, the value
parametrically closest to the previous value is used.
Lock to PointLocks the soft-plane at a defining point on the parent curve, finding the
closest defining point on the parent curve, typically an endpoint.
b. Type a value in the Value box under Radial Plane to reposition the plane along the parent
curve. Alternatively, hold down ALT and drag the soft-plane to reposition the plane
dynamically along the parent curve.
8.
Click the Value check box if you want to export the value for modification outside Style.
8.
Click
Pro/ENGINEER ignores any selected curves that already belong to the current Style feature.
The new curves created in Style after importing the curves are independent of the original
curves.
To Import Curves
1.
2.
3.
Select any curve or edge that is not a current Style curve or edge. New Style free curves are
created from the selected curves.
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Multiple curve edits are supported using Styling > Curve Edit.
Multiple edits include the following:
Change the point location by dragging the selected points on the selected curves, or by
entering the values for the changed location.
Change the length and angle of the tangents for selected curves either by dragging the
tangents, or by entering the required values.
Offset multiple planar curves by directly dragging them or by entering the offset value.
Change references for planar curves from one datum plane to another.
Make sure that no curves or points are selected by clicking in the graphics window outside
the model.
2.
3.
4.
Select free points or tangents for editing on the selected curves using CTRL + click.
5.
6.
Click
Holding down the CTRL key, click and select the required curves.
2.
Select points on the selected curves for changing the location using CTRL + click.
3.
Drag the point selected last to drag all these points directly in the graphics window or click
the Point tab on the dashboard to open the Point dialog box.
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Optionally, you can type the coordinate values for placing the point. The coordinate values can
be specified relative to the original placement, or at absolute distances from the coordinate
system origin.
4. Click
Note:
Use the ALT key to drag points normal to the active plane.
Use CTRL + ALT to move points vertically or horizontally with respect to the view.
Snapping of a point applies only to that point. All other points are moved without snapping.
You cannot drag constrained soft-points that are fixed such as points snapped to a vertex or
a datum point, soft-points at planar intersections with other curves, or soft-points with plane
offset constraints.
Holding down the CTRL key, click on the curves to select them.
2.
3.
Holding down the CTRL key, click at the endpoints of the curves to select their tangents.
4.
To change the tangent type, click Tangent on the dashboard and change the required
tangent type using the Tangent dialog box. You can also right-click on the tangent to display
the Style shortcut menu and select the required tangent type.
o
Optionally, type a value into the Length text box to specify a tangent's exact length.
Optionally, type an angle into the Angle text box to specify a tangent's exact angle.
Optionally, type an angle into the Elevation text box to specify a tangent's exact elevation
angle.
Note: You cannot change the tangent types to Symmetric, Tangent, Curvature, Surface Tangent,
or Surface Curvature while editing multiple curve tangents.
5.
Click
Holding down the CTRL key, select the planar curves to be edited.
2.
3.
4.
Type an offset value in the Offset box. Style offsets the selected curves with the specified
value.
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In addition, you can also choose to change the datum reference for these curves. Click the
Reference arrow icon and select the datum plane to be used as a new reference for the
selected curves.
5.
Click
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the Reference arrow icon and select the datum plane to be used as a reference for the
selected curves.
In addition, you can also choose to offset the selected curves with reference to this datum plane
by entering a positive or negative value in the Offset box.
6.
Click
2.
3.
4.
To convert free curves to planar curves, after selecting the curves, click Planar on the
dashboard and click
5.
To convert planar curves to free curves, after selecting the curves, click Free on the
dashboard and click
6.
To convert COS curves to free curves, after selecting the COS curves, click Free on the
dashboard and click
STYLE PARAMETERS
About Parameters in Style
Parameters in Style features are supported for modification outside the style feature.
You can make the following types of Style parameters visible outside Style:
Soft point options Parameter, Length, Length Ratio, and Offset from Plane
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Select the feature from the Model Tree, right-click, and select Edit.
2.
Double-click the required dimension and type a new value for it.
3.
Click Edit > Regenerate. The model regenerates to reflect the changed parameter values.
SURFACES
About Surfaces
You can create the following types of surfaces using the Surface tool with one or more defining
curves or edges:
Boundary SurfaceHas a rectangular or triangular boundary. A set of primary curves with optional
internal curves defines the complete boundary of the surface.
Loft SurfaceIs created from a set of nonintersecting curves that flow in the same direction.
Blend SurfaceIs created from one or two primary curves and at least one cross curve. A cross
curve is a curve that intersects the primary curve or curves.
These surfaces can also be composite surfaces.
The defining curves of Style surfaces must either have soft-point connections, or share vertices at
the endpoints whenever two curves need to intersect. You need not trim curves back to absolute
corners, partial boundaries are supported.
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Click
or Styling > Surface. The Style dashboard and the Select dialog box opens.
Select three or four boundary curves to create a triangular or rectangular boundary surface,
respectively.
Note:
o
1.
1.
2.
6.
6.
Click on the arrows shown across the surface boundaries to modify connections between the
new surface and its neighbors, if required.
Note: To change the natural boundary of a triangular surface, click Options on the dashboard,
and then click the selection arrow and select the new boundary.
8.
Click
Click
or Styling > Surface. The Style dashboard and the Select dialog box opens.
2.
Select a set of nonintersecting curves that flow in the same direction to create a loft surface.
Note:
3.
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4.
Click on the arrows shown across the surface boundaries to modify connections between the
new surface and its neighbors, if required.
4.
Click
Click
or Styling > Surface. The Style dashboard and the Select dialog box opens.
2.
If you have selected two primary curves earlier, then select cross curves using Cross
selection arrow.
5.
5.
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o
7.
Click on the arrows shown across the surface boundaries to modify connections between the
new surface and its neighbors, if required.
7.
Click
Set an active datum plane that is perpendicular to the plane on which the primary curve lies and
create a curve that intersects the primary curve as shown.
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Create a blend surface using Styling > Surface. To create a blend surface, first select the primary
curve. Next, select the curve that intersects the primary curves using the Cross selection arrow on
the dashboard.
The following figure shows a blend surface that is created when the Radial check box is selected.
The following figure shows a blend surface that is created when the Radial check box is not
selected.
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Set an active datum plane that is perpendicular to the plane on which the primary curves lie. Create
a curve that intersects the primary curves as shown.
Create a blend surface using Styling > Surface. To create a blend surface first select two primary
curves. A loft surface is created.
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Next, select a curve that intersects the primary curves using the Cross selection arrow on the
dashboard. The following figure shows a blend surface that is created when the Uniform checkbox
is selected.
The following figure shows a blend surface that is created when the Uniform checkbox is not
selected.
128
1 Correct
2 Incorrect
Generally, internal curves must have soft-points wherever they intersect the surface
boundaries or other internal curves, as shown in the following diagram.
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If two internal curves cross the same borders, they cannot intersect within the surface, as
shown in the following diagram.
1 Correct
2 Incorrect
The internal curve must intersect both borders of the surface, as shown in the following
diagram.
1 Correct
2 Incorrect
3 Incorrect
An internal curve cannot intersect the surface boundary at more than two points, as shown
in the following diagram.
1 Correct
2 Incorrect
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Click Edit > Edit Definition to add or remove boundary or internal curves.
Right-click to select Edit Definition on the shortcut menu and select the surface.
Style creates a new subfeature within the active Style feature each time you use the trim
operation.
Trimming a surface does not change its parametric definition. Any soft-points or COS do not
change after the trim operation.
When using the trim operation, you can
Use an already trimmed surface for another trim operation, that is, Style allows nested trim
operations.
Create COS, dropped curves, and soft-points on the trimmed surfaces just like any other
Style surfaces.
Select trimming curves such that the trimmed quilt pieces are not created.
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To Trim a Surface
1.
Click
2.
3.
Select the curves that you want to use for trimming the quilt.
The quilt is trimmed using the selected curves if they form valid trim pieces.
4.
Click on the surface mesh to select the trimmed pieces that you want to keep or delete. You
can toggle the selection.
If you select all the trimmed pieces for deletion, Pro/ENGINEER displays an error message.
5.
Click
If creating or redefining the trim does not result in a valid trimmed quilt, you can only cancel the
trim operation.
You cannot redefine the trim operation if it does not create trimmed pieces.
If you select a trimmed surface for redefining the trim operation, Style displays the mesh
regions in colors that indicate your earlier choice of keeping or deleting them.
When redefining or inserting a trim in a nested trim operation, Style removes all the trims
created after the trim that you are about to redefine or insert. These trim features are restored
and resolved after you complete the trim operation.
2.
CONNECTIONS
About Curve Connections
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Curve connections are created using Styling > Curve Edit. In Style, curve connections use the
concepts of leader and follower curves. A leader curve maintains its shape, while a follower curve
adapts its shape to meet the leader. The following kinds of connections can be made between
curves:
Symmetricsets the tangents of two adjoining curves to be the average of the tangents at
the end points. If the selected endpoint is a soft-point, the tangent is constrained to follow the
tangent of the neighbor, which becomes the leader.
Tangentsame as symmetric, but the original tangent value of the leader curve is
maintained.
Curvaturesame as tangent, but the original curvature value of the leader curve is
maintained.
The following options create connections between curves and neighboring surfaces:
Surface Tangentsets the selected curve tangent to follow the cross-boundary tangent of
the parent surface. This requires that the selected endpoint is a soft-point to a surface boundary.
Surface Curvaturesets the selected curve tangent to follow the cross-boundary curvature
of the parent surface. This requires that the selected endpoint is a soft-point to a surface.
If the tangent is completely free you can change both length and direction by dragging the
displayed vector. Most other constraints (such as Align or Fix Angle) allow you to modify only the
length since the direction is constrained.
In the case of a connected curve, the tangent handle has two parts: a regular tangent vector
on the leader and an arrow tangent vector on the follower. The follower tangent can be dragged
to change length only (the direction is constrained by the leader). The leader tangent may have
any of the other constraints (except Tangent or Curvature) applied. Changing the type of the
follower tangent to anything except Tangent or Curvature breaks the connection with the leader
curve.
You can swap the leader/follower direction (and the underlying soft-point) by clicking on the
end of the leader tangent to move the arrow.
Click
2.
Select a curve and click the curve's endpoint to display the tangent vector.
3.
Click Tangent on the dashboard, or right-click over the tangent vector to display the
Tangent options.
4.
Under Constraints, select one of the following primary tangent constraints from the First
box that apply to connections with neighboring curves and surfaces:
SymmetricSets the tangents of two adjoining curves to be the average of the tangents at the
end points. If the selected endpoint is a soft-point, the tangent is constrained to follow the
tangent of the neighbor, which becomes the leader.
TangentSame as symmetric, but the original tangent value of the leader curve is maintained.
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CurvatureSame as tangent, but the original curvature value of the leader curve is maintained.
The following options create connections with neighboring surfaces:
Surface TangentSets the selected curve tangent to follow the tangent curvature of the
parent surface. This requires that the selected endpoint is a soft-point to a surface boundary.
You can also add secondary constraints.
Surface Curvaturesets the selected curve tangent to follow the cross-boundary curvature of
the parent surface. This requires that the selected endpoint is a soft-point to a surface. You can
also add secondary constraints.
5.
Click
Matched (G0)The surfaces share a common boundary, but there is no shared tangent or
curvature across the boundary.
Tangent (G1)Two surfaces have a common boundary, and that at every point along that
boundary they are tangent to each other.
Curvature (G2)The surfaces are tangent continuous across the boundary, and share
curvature along the common boundary.
To Connect Surfaces
This procedure describes how to set connections between adjoining surfaces:
1.
Click
2.
Click the middle of the arrow to toggle between tangent or curvature connection.
o
4.
Press the SHIFT key and click the middle of the arrow to return to matched connection. A
matched connection has no connection except the shared boundary curve.
Change the surfaces for which connections are displayed, if desired:
134
o
AllShows the connections between the selected surfaces and all adjacent surfaces.
5.
Modify the Icon Length value to change the size of the connection arrow, if desired.
5.
Click
The surface's natural boundary may be a leader or follower of another surface with G1 or G2
connections.
The two edges that are not the natural boundary may be G1 leaders only.
Click
2.
Use the following methods for selecting geometry with the Select tool:
o
For example, if you want to delete multiple surfaces, hold down the CTRL key and click on each
surface. Then, when you click Edit > Delete, all selected surfaces are deleted at once.
Press CTRL and drag on selected curves to copy and move them.
Copy duplicates the selected geometry and allows you to position it. Soft-points are
preserved during a copy. The copy may be unlinked, in which case references to the geometry
being copied are unlinked, if necessary.
Copy Proportional duplicates the selected geometry, retaining the original proportions
when the endpoints of the first curve in the selected geometry are moved to new positions during
duplication.
135
Copied curves do not maintain history with the original curves. However, the copied curves preserve
the relationships that exist between the individual curves in the set of curves selected for copying.
2.
3.
Click the Unlink check box to remove any references to the geometry being copied, if
necessary.
4.
Position the geometry by dragging, or enter xyz coordinate values to specify where to place
the moved or copied geometry.
If you click the Relative check box, the x,y,z coordinate values are treated as offsets from the
geometry's original position.
5. Click
Note: Use the following shortcuts for moving and copying curves:
Press CTRL + SHIFT and drag the selected curves to move them.
Press CTRL and drag the selected curves to copy and move them.
2.
Two vectors that indicate the original and new positions of the two defining points of the first
curve in the selection set are visible.
The default bases of the two vectors are the endpoints of the first curve in the selection set.
The heads of the two vectors are offset proportionally from the bases.
3.
Click the Unlink check box to remove any references to the geometry being copied, if
necessary.
3.
Clear the Uniform check box to scale the copy nonuniformly in each coordinate.
136
3.
Drag the arrow heads of vectors to scale, translate or rotate the copied curve.
3.
Click
To Redefine Geometry
1.
Click Edit > Edit Definition. Alternately, double-click the entity that you want to modify.
2.
3.
4.
Click
Note: You can obtain information on an entire Style feature, including all its component entities by
clicking Info > Current Feature.
137
Click
or middle-click to repeat a Style command.
To Unlink COSs
If a dropped curve is linked to the projected curve, modifications you make to the projected curve
are propagated to the dropped curve during regeneration. Unlinking a dropped curve breaks the
associativity between curves created with the drop operation. You cannot relink dropped curves that
you have unlinked. This is also true for COSs by point.
1.
2.
3.
Since this operation cannot be undone, you must confirm the conversion.
DELETING GEOMETRY
About Deleting Geometry
If you attempt to delete parent geometry without deleting the children, the children are highlighted,
and you are prompted to delete, unlink, or suspend that geometry. In cases where the parent being
deleted is not essential to regeneration of the child, you can unlink the child from the parent instead
of deleting it, as in the following examples:
To Delete Geometry
To delete any type of Style geometry except curve points and curve segments, select the geometry
you want to delete, and then click Edit > Delete. The selected geometry is deleted.
Note: If you attempt to delete parent geometry without deleting the children, the children are
highlighted, and you are prompted to delete, unlink, or suspend that geometry.
Click
2.
Select a curve.
3.
4.
Click
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REGENERATION
About Style Regeneration
The Style feature has an internal regeneration mechanism that regenerates entities only if they are
out of date because their parents have changed. If you click Edit > Regenerate All, all entities are
regenerated, if necessary. Any entities that are up-to-date are not regenerated.
All directly dependent curves that are not created as surfaces or COS by dropping curves on
a surface are allowed.
While automatically regenerating curves, if a child curve fails to regenerate, the processing of
other non-dependent child curves is completed. Pro/ENGINEER does not display the Resolve
dialog box. The next auto-regeneration again tries to update the failed entity.
If you click Surface from the Auto Regenerate options, only the wireframe surfaces get
automatically regenerated.
If you click Shaded Surface from the Auto Regenerate options, both wireframe and
shaded surfaces get automatically regenerated.
While automatically regenerating surfaces,
139
Editing the curves that are used to create a surface automatically regenerates the surface. If the
edited curves do not form a valid closed boundary, the surface does not regenerate. You must
resolve this by editing the curves so as to form a valid surface boundary and clicking the
icon.
Editing the internal curves also automatically regenerates the surface. Any COSs and
dependent children are also updated so as to lie on the regenerated surface.
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
If you attempt to delete parent geometry without deleting the children, the children are
highlighted, and you are prompted to delete, unlink, or suspend that geometry.
o
o
4.
Click
Click on the failed subfeature in the list. The Explain box displays a description of the failed
subfeature.
Click Close.
140
You can create and save curve and surface analyses in Style using Analysis > Geometry. It is
often helpful to use curve and surface analyses to evaluate the quality of your curves and surfaces
as you edit them in Style. When you edit the definition of the Style feature, the saved curve or
surface analysis is dynamically updated with respect to the changed definition.
There are two ways to use the curve and surface analyses in Style.
While creating a Style feature or editing its definition, use saved geometry analysis on the
Style geometry. Continue creating or editing in Style. The analysis is dynamically updated.
Create a curve or surface analysis on any existing Style geometry and save it. This analysis
is dynamically updated when you edit the feature definition.
Note: You can also use the Measure and Model analyses in Style, but cannot save or retrieve them.
Create these analyses outside Style and save them, if required.
PRO/ENGINEER INTEGRATION
To Redefine or Reroute Style Features
Redefining Features
Clicking Edit > Edit Definition (or right-click the Style feature in the Model Tree and select Edit
Definition) returns you to the Style environment. As Style features are superfeatures, Edit
Definition allows you to add as well as edit elements.
You cannot save your model inside Style. It is good practice to create some curves and surfaces,
then exit Style and save your model, and then use Edit Definition to add more elements.
Rerouting Features
Clicking Edit > References (or right-click the Style feature in the model tree and select Edit
References) can be used to reroute the external references of a Style feature. The Edit
References command is executed from within the general Pro/ENGINEER environment.
2.
3.
4.
Click
For more information, refer to the topic About User Parameters from the Pro/ENGINEER
Fundamentals module of Pro/ENGINEER Help.
141
TRACE SKETCH
About Trace Sketch
You can import a sketch into Style on one of the three default datum planes: front, top, or right, a
user-defined datum plane, or a planar surface. Using Style, you can reference and use images to
model a part within the Style feature. The referenced image or sketch is used as an underlay for
creating geometry when you manually trace the key features of the sketch.
You can also reference a scene for creating geometry in Style. A scene is a set of correlated images
and curves created in Pro/CONCEPT. When working with a scene, the curves are defined and
maintained in the same feature as the sketches.
Click Styling > Trace Sketch. The Trace Sketch dialog box opens.
2.
Select any default datum plane in the Trace Sketch dialog box. The Open dialog box opens.
4.
6.
Click Styling > Trace Sketch. The Trace Sketch dialog box opens.
2.
Clear the selection of views, if any, in the Trace Sketch dialog box.
3.
4.
Select a datum plane or a planar surface. The Open dialog box opens.
4.
4. Click Open.
o
o
The image is added to the selected datum plane or planar surface on the screen.
The names of the datum plane or planar surface and the image are added to the list in the
Trace Sketch dialog box.
142
7.
Click OK.
143
The next figure shows a mobile phone keypad as the referenced image applied to a planar surface.
This image is used as an underlay to manually trace the key features of the keypad and create
geometry.
144
To Insert a Scene
1.
2.
Click Styling > Trace Sketch. The Trace Sketch dialog box opens.
Click File > Open Scene to open a set of sketches and related curves from a Pro/CONCEPT
scene file. The Open File dialog box opens.
3.
4.
5.
145
Click Styling > Trace Sketch. The Trace Sketch dialog box opens.
o
To replace an existing sketch, select the sketch name in the Trace Sketch dialog box and
click
To permanently remove a sketch, select the sketch name in the Trace Sketch dialog box
and click
To display the hidden sketch, select the sketch name and click
To show all the hidden sketches, click Sketch > Show All.
2.
.
.
Click OK.
Drag the dimensioning bars in the graphics window to align the sketch with the origin as well
as a known dimension in the sketch. For example, the origin can be at the center of the wheel
when the length of the wheel base is known.
Note: To make alignment of the sketch easier, make sure that the View > Show All is not
selected.
2.
Under Fit, click Horizontal to fit the sketch horizontally, or click Vertical to fit the sketch
vertically.
2.
Fit.
Depending on your selection, type the value of the horizontal or vertical dimension and click
TransparencyUse the slider to change the value between zero and 100. A value of zero
means a completely opaque sketch, whereas a value of 100 makes the sketch totally
transparent.
RotateUse the slider to rotate the sketch with respect to the origin. You can select a value
between zero and 180 degrees.
6.
If you have fitted the sketch to the view and the origin and the sketch is to scale, you can
start creating the geometry. If the sketch is not to scale, adjust the sketch as follows:
o
If you fit the sketch horizontally, you may need to scale it vertically.
146
o
If you fit the sketch vertically, you may need to scale it horizontally.
Note: Click
to lock the horizontal and vertical dimensions for scaling. This retains the aspect
ratio of the sketch. Clear the selection to scale the two dimensions separately.
Define regions in such a way that you can create surfaces later
Note:
Sketches that you have created in Style remain in the graphics window even after you complete the
Style feature. Therefore, you can also use other tools such as Sketcher to create geometry using
the trace sketches.
To clear the display of the Trace Sketch data when you are not working in Style,
Click View > Display Settings > Model Display. The Model Display dialog box opens.
GLOSSARY
Glossary of Terms
Term
Definition
B-Spline Surface
147
Blend Surface
A surface that is created from one or two primary curves and at least one
additional curve that intersects the primary curve or curves.
Boundary Curve
Boundary Surface
Child
Any entity that references another entity. For example, a surface is a child
of the boundary curves that were used to create it. See Parent, and
Regenerate.
Composite
Surface
A surface that has more than one curve as a single boundary or internal
curve. In Style, a composite surface is composed of a set of surfaces but is
treated as a single entity. Outside Style such surfaces are treated as a
single quilt.
Connection
Continuity Level
Control Points
COS
Curvature
How much a curve or surface bends at any given point. A straight line has
zero curvature.
Curvature
Continuous
Curvature Plot
Curve
Curve from
Surface
Curve on Surface
Drag (cursor)
To press and hold the mouse button while you move the mouse to a new
position.
Endpoint
Fixed Point
One of the points used to define a curve. Fixed points always lie on a
curve. See Internal Point and Control Point.
Follower
Connection
148
G,G,G
0
Grid
Internal Curve
A curve that defines the shape of a surface, but is not one of the boundary
curves.
Internal Point
One of the defining points of a curve that is not an endpoint. See Endpoint,
Fixed Point, and Soft-point.
Leader
Connection
A type of connection in which the leader surface governs the direction of its
follower surface along the shared boundary. See Connection.
Linked Object
An object with one or more parents that will change if the parent object is
changed. In some cases, objects can be unlinked to remove the
dependency on the original geometry. See Design History, Parent, and
Child.
Local History
Loft Surface
Mesh
Lines that approximate the contours of the surface. Also called flow lines or
parametric lines.
Natural Tangent
Normal
NURBS
Orthographic
Views
Parent
An entity that is used to define another entity. For example, the boundary
curves that are used to create a surface are its parents. Several parents
can make an entity. See Child, Design History, and Regenerate.
Planar Curve
Point
Preference
Settings that determine user choices for items such as display and point
creation. Preferences are remembered throughout a session and can be
restored in later sessions if desired.
Proportional Copy
Copy of a curve that retains the proportions of the original curve, when the
endpoints are moved to a new position of the first curve in the selected
geometry are moved to new positions during duplication.
Radial-Path Planar
149
Curve
Regenerate
Snapping
An option that directs the cursor to gravitate to points, curves, edges, and
surfaces.
Soft-plane
A plane that references Style curves. During curve edits, the soft-plane can
slide along its parent curve while remaining normal to the parent curve at
all times. When the parent curves are updated, the planes and the planar
curves are regenerated.
Soft-point
A point that references Style curves, datum curves, edges, and surfaces,
and can be slid along the reference curve during curve edits. Soft-points
are created by snapping to existing reference geometry. To turn on
snapping, click Styling > Snap, or hold down the ALT key as you move
around the screen. The cursor is followed by a snapping cursor (a
crosshair) when snapping capability is turned on.
Surface
Tangent
Tangent
Continuous
View
The multiple view environment in Style allows for the creation of curves in
either two dimensions (specifying the third dimension after the 2-D shape)
or directly in 3-D.