Design of Reservoir

Max Water Lvl =

174.29 m

Ground Lvl =

172.00 m

Bed Lvl =

169.50 m

Top Lvl =

175.20 m

Road Lvl =

174.60 m

Height of Maximun water Lvl =

4.79 m

Height of the wall Top=

5.70 m

Height Water Level designed =

2.50 m

Height of Earth Lvl from GL =

2.50 m

Width of Tank =

Road
174.60

20.00 m

capacity of the Tank =

7000000.00 L

Length of the tank =

140.00 m

provided Length =

141.20 m

Provided capacity (excluding ramp )=

141.2x2.5x20x1000

Volume of Ramp =

=53.17x4.5x0.2 =

Columns

=(6x0.35x0.35x5 )+
(18x0.35x0.35x2.5) =

Total

7060000
47.85 m3
9.1875
57.04 m3

Hence Total capacity of Tank =141.2x2.5x20x1000-57040.5=

The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the whole tank is
to be tested against floatation. As the L/B Ratio is greater than 2 the long walls
will be designed as cantilevers. The bottom one meter (H/4) of short walls will

7002959.5

be designed as cantilever while the top portion designed as slab supported by long walls.
Design Constants.
Concrete

M20

cbc =
m=

7 N/mm2
13

Since the face of the wall will be in contact with water for each condition ,
st =

150 N/mm2

permissibe compressive stress in steel under direct compression is

sc =

175 N/mm2

k=

0.38

j=

0.87

R=
Angle of repose =

1.157
30o

Saturated Unit wt of Soil =

3 Design of Long walls
a) Tank empty with pressure of saturated soil outside

21.00

kN/m3

Pa=

Ka'H + wH

here,
Ka =
' =
Pa=

1-sin300 /1+sin300 =
21.00

0.33x11.19x5.7+(9.81x5.7) =

9.81
76.97 kN/m2

The Height of earth Level =

Max Bm at the base of wall =

0.33

2.5 say
76.97x5.7/2x5.7/3 =

req. d=

416.79 kN-m
600.19

Provide Total depth =

750 mm

d=

715.00 mm

Ast=

416.79*10^6/150/.874/715 =

using 25 bars spacing =

4446.40
1000*491/4446.4=

110.43

provide 25 mm bars at 100c/c at outside face

Pressure at the section of 3m from Bottom Lvl =

0.33x11.19x3+(9.81*3)

Max Bm at the 3m from

Bottom Lvl

Ast

40.51x3/2x3/3 =

60.765 kN-m

d req =

229.17 mm

provided D=

300.00 mm

d=

265.00 mm

60.765*10^6/150/.874/265 =

provide 16 mm @

=201/1749*1000 =

1749.1 mm2
114.9162426391

40.51

provide 16 mm @100c/c from 3m from Bottom Lvl to top

Distribution steel @0.3%
0.2%

for

100

for

450

Distribution steel =
Astd =

0.2x750*1000/100 =

1500

Area to be provided by each face =

750

Spacing of 12 mm bars =

150.67 mm c/c

Provide 12 mm @150 c/c on each face

Direct Compresion in Long wall:
The earth presuureacting on shorewalls will cause compn in long walls. Because
top portion of short wall act as slab supported on long walls. At h= 1.5 m(>h/4=5.79/4)
Pa= Kay'(H-h)+ Yw(H-h)=

.33*11.19(5.79-1.5)+9.8(5.79-1.5) =
57.88 kN/m2

This Direction compression developed on long walls is given by

Plc= Pa.B/2= 52.2x20/2=
This will be taken by the disribution steel and wall section.
b) Tank full with water, and no earth fill outside
The Ground level is located at 2.5m above the bed Level.
Hence remaining 5.71-2.5 m is assumed as without earth but with water pressure
P=

Yw.H

9.81x3.21

M=

p.H/2.H/3 =

Ast =

31.49x3.21/2x3.21/3=
54.08 x10^6/150/.874/715

Using 16mm bars spacing = 1000x201/1309.53

provide 16mm bars @150c/c Inner face
However extend these bars into base.
Direct Tension in Long walls
as the wall is very long it is difficult to find Direcvt Tension. However
Since the top portion of short walls act as slab supported on long walls , the water pressure
acting on short walls will cause tension in long walls
PL=

P. B/2

PL=

41.202x20*.5

As reqd =

where p=9.81x4.2 =
412
2746.67 mm2

Design of Short walls

a)Tank Empty, with pressure of saturated soil from outside

1) Top portion:

The bottom portion 1.5m (>H/4) acts as cantilever, while the remaining 4.2m acts as slab su

on Long walls
At h=

1.50 m (>H/4)

Pa= Kay'(H-h)+ Yw(H-h)=

=1/3x 11.19x4.2+9.81x4.2=

Mf(at Supports ) = Pa L2/12 =

56.868x4^2/12

M (at Center)

=PAL2/8-Mf=

75.824
37.912 kN-m

=PAL2/24
d=

350-(25+16+8)=

At supports,

Ast =

301 mm
1921.49 mm2

Using 16 mm bars s=

1000x201/1921 =

provide 16mm @100mm c/c

at the outer face

at Mid span =

104.606321

0.5x1921

960.5 mm2

Min Ast =

805 mm2

Hence provide 16 mm @200 c/c

ii)Bottom Portion:
The bottom 1 m wil bend as cantilever.
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom =
M=

(76.97

Ast =

77.18x1000/150/.874/305 =
Min. steel =

76.97
x1.425x.5)x1/3

18.33
821.13
805

spacing of 16mm bars @

245 mm

provide 16mm @ 200mm c/c

Hence provide 16 mm bars @ 200mm c/c at outside face, in vertical direction for bottom 1m
height.
the spacing can be doubled for the upper portion.
iii) Direct compression in short walls: though long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that the end one
meter width of long wall contributes to push in short walls, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
PBC =
Pa x1 =
56.868 kN
This is quite small
b) Tank full with water, and no earthfill outside
i)Top Portion
The Ground level is located at 2.5m above the bed Level.
Hence remaining 5.70-2.5 m is assumed as without earth but with water pressure
p=w(h-h) =

=9810*3.2 =

Mf at support = PB2/12 =

31.392 kN/m2
=31.392x5^2/12

65.4

=31.392x5^2/24

32.7

(causing Tension inside)

Mc at support = PB2/24 =
(causing Tension outside)

Direct Tension in short wall, due to water pressure on the end one meter width of long walls is
PB =
w(H-h)x1
=
effective depth d for horizontal steel =

31.392
715 mm

Distance x =

d-T/2 =

=715-375=

Hence Net BM =

M-Pb.x =

Astx1 =

65.4x10^6-31392x340/150/.874/715

340

583.84 mm2
Pb/sh =

Astt2 =
Total

Ast1+Ast2 =

379.12 mm2

=715+379 =

using 12 mm bars, s=

1094.12 mm2
103.37 c/c

provide 12mm @100c/c inner face

At the outside face (middle of short walls)
Ast1 = Mc-PB.x/st.j.d

=(32.7x10^6 - 31392x340)/150x0.874x715
234.99 mm2

Ast2 =

379.12 mm2

Total =

614.11 mm2

Min. Ast =

805.00 mm2

using 12mm, spacing @

140.37 mm2

provide 12 mm @ 125c/c
4 Design of Long wall with surcharge of Traffic Load (20kN/m3)

As found earlier

a) Tank empty with pressure of saturated soil outside

The Extra height due to surcharge =
Pa=
Ka'H + wH =

=w/Y =

0.95

1-sin300 /1+sin300 =

0.33

here,
Ka =
' =
Pa=

21.00

kN/m3

0.33x11.19x5.7+(9.81x (5.7+0.95)

The Height of earth Level =

Max BM at the base of wall =

86.28 kN/m2
2.50 say

86.28x5.7/2x5.7/3 =

d=

467.21 kN-m
635.46

Provide Total depth =

750 mm

d=
Ast=

9.81

715.00 mm
467.21*10^6/150/.874/715 =

using 25 bars spacing =

4984.29
1000*491/4984.29=

100

for

100

0.00 for

450

provide 25mm bars at 100c/c at outside face

Distribution steel @0.3%
Dostribution steel =
Astd =

.3-.1(350-100)/(450-100)=
0.23x350*1000/100 =

805

Area to be provided by each face =

403 mm2

Spacing of 10 mm bars =

194.79 mm c/c

Provide 20 mm @175c/c on each face

5 Deign of Bottom slab
Assume thickness of Raft as

1000.00 mm

The uplift pressure on bottom slab is given by

Pu =

wH1 =
=9.81(2.5+.5) =

29.43 kN/m2

Check for floatation:

The whole tank must be checked against floatation when the tank is empty.
Total upward floatation force = Pu =

=PuxBxL =
29.43x 20x142 =

The downward force consists of weight of the tank.

Weight of the walls =

=(.3+.75)*(142+142+20+20)*5.79

Wt of the base slab =

=1x20x142x25 =

1969.758 kN
71000 kN

Total weight of the tank =

72969.758 kN

The difference =

10611.442 kN

Hence the weight of the tank is less than floatation force.

Increasing the base slab projections 1 m alround we get =

83581.2

((.75*142)+(.75*20))*1*25 =

3037.5 kN

Increasing base depth from 1m to 1.2m =

85200

Weight of the walls =

=(.3+.75)*(142+142+20+20)*5.79

Wt of the base slab =

=1x20x142x25 =

Total weight of the tank =

1969.758 kN
85200 kN
90207.258 kN

The difference =

6626.058 kN

Hence the weight of the tank is more than the floatation force.
Hence the tank is safe in buoyancy
The Total weight of the tank =
Wt of the water =

=4.79*20*142*9.81 =

Total weight is =
The area of the tank

90207.258 kN
133451.316
223658.574

= 20x 142 =

The net upward pressure =

2840 m2
78.75 kN/m2

SBC of the soil =

95 kN/m2
Hence base slab is safe in bearing

Base slab is designed as Oneway slab

Consider One meter length of the slab
upward pressure is

Wt of slab =

=1x1x1.2x25 =

Net un balanced force =

Hence Nominal reinfoircemenmt is required.

29.43 kN/m2
30 Kn/m2
0

provide @ .2% bothways both sides

.2x1200x1000/100
2400 mm2

Both sides @

1200 mm2

provide 16 @

167.50 c/c

provide 16 @

150.00 mm c/c both top and bottom

175.20 m
0.6
174.29 m

169.50 m

20.00 m

11.19 kN/m3

3m

kN/m2

mm thick and
.3-.1(350-100)/(450-100)=
mm2
mm2

522 kN
3.21

31.49 kN/m2

49x3.21/2x3.21/3=

54.08 kN-m

576.9364122 mm2
153.4901835 mm2
4.2

41.2 kN/m2 at I.5 M above base.

kN

remaining 4.2m acts as slab supported

56.868 kN/m2
kN-m

kN/m2
kN-m with Tension outside face
mm2
mm2

490.63
803.84

hat the end one

magnitude is given by

kN-m
kN-m

kN
mm

11.19 kN/m3

3m

mm
mm thick and
0.23
mm2

kN

at I.5 M above base.

Deisgn of Ramp
Design of Slab

Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is greater than 2 hence the slab is designed as a one way slab.
Effective depth required

125 mm

OneShortEdgeDisContinuous:
Basic dimensions of slab

Basic Ly/Lx ratio

=
Hence designed as an one way slab

Clear cover to reinforcement

d'

Provided overall depth

Effective depth

Diameter of bar

Select Grade of Concrete

fck

Select Grade of Steel

fy

Load calculation :

Dead load of the slab

DL

Floor finish(Roof finish)

FF

Live load

LL

Total load

TL

Moment and Area of Steel calculations:

Mu

Mu/bd

Pt

Ast reqd Min Ast Dia oSpacin

kN.m

N/mm2

mm

mm

103.46

2.20

73.24%

1589.32

260.4

0.12%

=.12*1000x250/100

300

mm2

spacing of

10 mm

261.6666666667

mm

provide

10mm

@ 250c/c

Provide 16mm @125 c/c

Distribution steel

Design of Ramp Beams

mm mm
16

125

Edge Beams
Beam =

230x 500

d=

Load on Beam B1

465.00 mm

=wlx/3 =

=27.25*4.5/3

40.875 kN/m

40.88 kN/m
Moment =

Mu/bd2

wl2/8 =

40.875x4.5x4.5/8 =

103.46 kN-m

Mu =

1.5x103.46=

155.19 kN-m

155.19x10^6/1000/21 0.7177246

Pt =

0.24 %

Ast =

=.24*1000*465/100

provide

4 Nos of 20mm at Bottom

1112.5 mm2

provide 2-16 mm at top

Shear Design
shear to be designed =

= wl/2 =

shear Stress =

61312.5/230*465 =

percentage at supports =

61.3125 kN
0.5732819074 N/mm2
=402/230/465x100 =

shear stregh of concrete =

shear to be resisted =

0.38
0.26

0.12x230x465 =

33.5055 kN

spacing of 8 mm two legged stirrups =

=2x50x.87x415x465/34
=

501.07669 mm

provide 8mm @ 200c/c

Middle Beams
Beam =

230x 700

d=

Load on Beam B1

665.00 mm

=2xwlx/3 =

=2x27.25*4.5/3

81.75 kN/m

81.75 kN/m
Moment =

Mu/bd2

wl2/8 =

81.75x4.5x4.5/8 =

Mu =

1.5x206.93=

310.4x10^6/1000/217

Pt =
=.23*1000*465/100 =

provide

5 Nos of 20mm at Bottom

provide 2-16 mm at top

provided Ast =
Shear Design

310.4 kN-m

0.23 %

Ast =

1570.00 mm2

206.93 kN-m

1551.7 mm2

0.7

shear to be designed =

= wl/2 =

shear Stress =

122625/230*465 =

percentage at supports =

122.625 kN
0.8 N/mm2
=402/230/665x100 =

shear stregh of concrete =

0.26
0.22

shear to be resisted =

62.031 kN

spacing of 8 mm two legged stirrups =

=2x50x.87x415x665/62
=

387.06171 mm

Provide 8mm @ 200c/c

Design of Ramp columns
Load on Edge Columns =
Load on Middle Columns

Capacity of 300x300 with 6-12 Bars =

1.5*.5*2.5*4.5*27.

229.9 kN

1.5*5*4.5*27.25*.5

459.8 kN

=.45*20*(300x300-6*113)+.67x113 = 804 kN

Hence provide 300x 300 columns with 6-12mm bars

Design of Walk Way

Span of walkway =

0.9 m

Loads:
Live load =

2 kN/m2

Assume Thickness

0.1 m

Self wt =

2.5 kN/m2

FF =

Total =

5.5 kN/m2

factored =

8.25 kN/m2

Moment = wl2/2 =

3.34125 kN-m

Ast =

238.8720912182 mm2

Spacing of 8mm =

210.0840336134 mm

Provide 8mm @150c/c

Design of Raft for Ramp
RAFT FOOTING-6
1.09

0.5
3

0.5
460

460

460

2.25

2.25
460

460

460

0.50

5.00

0
0

0
0

0.00

1.08

11.00

0.50

0.5

460

4.5
460

0
0

0
0

0.5

Total load on footing( factored load)

2760 kN

total load on the footing(Unfactored load)

2024.00 kN

Safe Bearing capacity of soil

95.00 kN/m2

area of footing

21.31 m2

provided size of footing

provided area of footing

55.00 m2

Ixx

114.58333 m4

Iyy

554.58333 m4

Y bar

2.5 m

X bar

5.5 m

5.5 m

5.00

area C.G

loading cg

x bar

###

y bar

1.8333333 m

ex =

eccentricity along xx axis

0.00 m

ey =

eccentricity along yy axis

0.67 m

Mx =

Moment about xx axis

Mx = P*ey

1226.67 kN-m

My =

Moment about yy axis

My = P*ex

0 kN-m

upward soil pressure

sigma

60.2181818182

6.6909090909

60.2181818182

<

95.00 kN/m2

safe

cantilever bending moment M

w l2/2

7.53

simply supported Bending Moment, M

wl 2/8

228

228

Maximum Bending Moment, Mu

Depth of footing from Bending Moment consideration

Charectaristic strength of concrete.fck

20 N/mm2

Yeild strength steel.fy

415 N/mm2

Effective depth of beam, d=sqrt(Mu/0.138*fck*b)

351.78 mm

Assumed overall depth, D

665.86 mm

Depth of footing from shear consideration

Charectaristic strength of concrete.fck

20 N/mm2

Shear strength of concret, tc

1.12 N/mm2

At edge(Node No.2131)

Perimeter, bo

(d/2+1100)+(d+200)+(d/2+1100)
2d+2400 m

Nominal shear stress,tv = V/bo*d

1391*10^3/((2d+2400))*d
d

Adopt effective depth of footing is

1.25

357

Provide overall depth

mm

1140 mm
1200 mm

Area of steel required

559.17898 mm2

Min. area steel = 0.12%bd

1008 mm2

Dia of Bar

Area of one bar

201.0624 mm2

Required spacing of steel

359.6 mm

Provide spacing of steel

150 mm

Provide 16mm @150 mm c/c spacing

16 mm

Lx

Ly

4.5

10

2.222 >2

ne way slab
25 mm
250.00 mm
217.00 mm
16 mm

20 N/mm
415 N/mm

6.250 kN/m
1 kN/m
20 kN/m

27.250 kN/m

Ast pro
mm
1608.50

safe

>

459.8

4.2

0.50
460

460

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

d/2+1100

d+200

d/2+1100)