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What Is Report
Report is a self-explanatory statement of
factsrelating to a specific subject and serves
thepurpose of providing information for decision
making and follow up actions. It is a systematic
presentations of ascertained facts about a specific
event / subject. Report is a summary of findings
and recommendations about a particular matter /
problem. Report is for the guidance of higher
authorities including company executives and
directors.

SIGNIFICANCE OF REPORT WRITING:

Research report is considered a major component of the

research study for the research task remains incomplete till
the report has been presented and/ or written.
The purpose of research is not well served unless the
findings are made known to others.
The task of report writing must be accomplished by the
researcher with utmost care and he may seek the assistance
and guidance of the experts.

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DIFFERENT STEPS IN WRITING REPORT

The usual steps involved in writing report are

1. Logical Analysis of the subject matter
2. Preparation of the final outline
3. Preparation of the rough draft
4. Re- writing and polishing
5. Preparation of the final bibliography
6. Writing the final draft.

1. Logical Analysis of the Subject Matter: It is the first step

which is primarily concerned with the development of the
subject.
2. Preparation of the final outline: The next step in writing a
research report is to outline or to make a frame upon which
long written works are constructed.
3. Preparation of the rough draft: The researcher prepares
a rough draft of his research work. He will have to put his
work in pen and paper now so that he can ask his critics to
comment upon it.
4. Re-writing and polishing: The careful revision makes the
difference between a mediocre and a good piece of
writing. In this step, the researcher should check the report
for weakness in logical development or presentation.,

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5. Preparation of the final Bibliography: The bibliography

is a list of books which are used as a reference for the
preparation of the report. It should contain all those works
which the researcher has consulted. The bibliography should
be arranged alphabetically and may be divided into two
parts. The first part may contain the names of the books and
pamphlets, and second part may contain the names of the
magazines and news paper articles. Also the page numbers
of the books being referred and the edition and the volume of
the magazine being referred must be mentioned.
6. Writing the final Draft: The final draft should be written
in a concise and objective style and in simple language,
avoiding vague expressions. Also the researcher must avoid
abstract terminology and technical words.

MECHANISM OF WRITING A REPORT:

1. Selecting the topic
2. Planning the paper
3. Developing the statement of purpose
4. Gathering the Information
5. Connecting your thoughts
6. Giving credit where credit is due
7. Quoting, Summarizing
8. Citations (Crediting Sources within the paragraph)
9. Editing and Proof reading
10. General guidelines for reference listings

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LAYOUT OF THE RESEARCH REPORT:

The person who is reading the report, must necessarily be
conveyed enough about the study.
The layout of the research report should compromise
A. Preliminary Pages
B. Main Text
C. The End matter
Preliminary Pages:
The report should have

The title with the date

Acknowledgement in the form of Preface or the Foreword.

The table of contents (list of tables and illustration)

5. Conclusions or Implications of the results: The

researcher
should again put down the results of his
research clearly and precisely. It is considered a good
practice to finish the report with a short conclusion which
summarizes and recapitulates the main points of the study.
6. Summary: It has become customary to conclude the
research report with a brief summary of the report which
defines in brief the research problem, the methodology, the
major findings and the major conclusions drawn from the
research results.
End Matter:
At the end of the report, appendices should be enlisted in
respect of all technical data such as questionnaires,
mathematical derivations etc. The bibliography should also
be given at the end of the report.

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Main Text:
1. Introduction:The purpose of the introduction is to
introduce the research topic to the readers. It should
clearly indicate the objectives of the research.
2. Methodology: The methodology adopted in the study
should be carefully explained. The main questions that
should be kept in mind while deciding the methodology
are; How was the study carried out? What was its basic
design?
3. Analysis of data : The analysis of data in the form of
tables and charts should be properly narrated in the
report.
4. Statements of Findings and Recommendations: The
report must contain the statements of findings and
recommendations in the language easily understood by a
layman.

PRECAUTIONS FOR WRITING RESEARCH REPORTS:

The research report should be long enough to cover the
subjects but short enough to maintain the interest.
The report should not be dull, it should sustain the readers
interest.
Abstract terminology and technical language should be
avoided in a research report.
The report must provide a readily availability of the
findings.
The layout of the report must be in accordance with the
objectives of the research problem.
The report should be original in nature

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Appendices should be properly listed in all respect in order

to avoid any confusions.
Bibliography of sources of consulted is a must and it
should be very carefully and chronologically arranged.
The report must be attractive in its appearance.
The objective of the study, the nature of the problem, the
methods employed and the analysis techniques adopted
must all be clearly stated in the beginning of the report in the
form of introduction.
The limitations related to the study must also be clearly
indicated in the research report.