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6.

3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

SYLLABUS / HURAIAN SUKATAN


PELAJARAN
A student is able to :
Murid boleh:

describe refraction of waves in terms of the angle of


incidence, angle of refraction, wavelength, frequency, speed
and direction of propagation.
menghuraikan pembiasan gelombang dari segi sudut tuju, sudut
biasan, panjang gelombang, frekuensi, laju dan arah perambatan
gelombang
draw a diagram to show refraction of waves.
melukis gambarajah untuk menunjukkan pembiasan

Copyright Reserved2016

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

14

6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

1. Refraction of waves is a change of direction in the propagation of waves


from one medium to another due to a change of speed.
Pembiasan gelombang ialah satu fenomena gelombang di mana arah
perambatan gelombang berubah apabila merambat dari satu medium ke
medium yang lain.
2. Direction in the propagation of waves from one medium to another changes
due to a change of speed
Perubahan arah perambatan gelombang disebabkan laju gelombang
berubah apabila merambat dari satu medium ke medium yang lain.
3. Examples // Contoh contoh
Example 1 : Light waves undergoes refraction when it propagates from air
medium to glass medium.
Contoh 1: Gelombang cahaya mengalami pembiasan apabila merambat dari
medium udara ke medium kaca.
Example 2 : Water waves undergoes refraction when it propagates from
deep area to shallow area.
Contoh 2: Gelombang air mengalami pembiasan apabila merambat dari
kawasan dalam ke kawasan cetek.
Example 3 : Sound waves undergoes refraction when it propagates from cold
air layer to warm air layer.
Contoh 3: Gelombang bunyi mengalami pembiasan apabila merambat dari
lapisan udara sejuk ke lapisan udara panas.

Copyright Reserved2016

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

Gelombang bunyi

4. What happens to frequency, speed, wavelength & direction?


Apa terjadi kepada nilai frekuensi, panjang gelombang, laju dan arah
perambatan gelombang selepas pembiasan?
The frequency of the waves is equal to the frequency of the source of
vibration and hence it remains unchanged. But the speed, wavelength and
direction of propagation change.
Selepas pembiasan gelombang, frekuensi gelombang tidak berubah, tetapi
panjang gelombang, laju dan arah perambatan gelombang berubah.

Copyright Reserved2016

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

f
v

Direction / Arah

Water waves refraction / Pembiasan Gelombang


Air
The relationship between v and of a water wave in deep and shallow water:
v = f (f is constant)

Hubungan antara laju gelombang, v dan panjang gelombang, bagi gelombang


air pada kawasan dalam dan kawasan cetek.
v = f ( Frekuensi, f adalah malar; )
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by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

Shallow Area

Deep Area

Deep Area

Glass

Use the words, increase, decrease or unchanged, complete the following table.
Dengan menggunakan perkataan bertambah, berkurang dan tidak
berubah lengkapkan jadual di sebelah.
Waves Physical
Quantitiy / Kuantiti
Fizik Gelombang

Water waves propagates from // Gelombang air merambat


dari
Deep Area Shallow area
Shallowarea Deep area
Kaw. Dalam Kaw. Cetek
Kaw. Cetek Kaw. Dalam

v
Direction of waves /
Arah Gelombang

Copyright Reserved2016

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

18

6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

Water passing from the deep region to


the shallow region, the water wave is
refracted toward the normal.
Perambatan gelombang air dari kawasan
dalam ke kawasan cetek menyebabkan
arah gelombang air terbias mendekati garis
normal

Water passing from the shallow region to the


deep region, the water wave is refracted away
from the normal.
Perambatan gelombang air dari kawasan
cetek ke kawasan dalam menyebabkan arah
gelombang air terbias menjauhi garis normal

.
Convex Glass
Kaca Cembung

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Concave Glass
Kaca Cekung

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

Light waves refraction / Pembiasan Gelombang


Cahaya
Less Dense
Medium

Denser Medium

Denser
Medium

Less Dense
Medium

Sound waves refraction / Pembiasan Gelombang


Bunyi

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by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

Applicatio
n

Tanjung

Teluk

Tanjung

When the water waves propagated from the sea to the beach , the water waves
follow the shape of the beach.
Apabila air merambat dari laut ke pantai, gelombang air mengikut bentuk pantai.
It is because the water waves propagate from the _______water to the
___________ water. The speed and wavelength ___________ as the
waves approach the beach and hence the water wave is refracted
__________ the normal.
Hal ini demikian kerana gelombang air merambat dari air __________ ke
air ___________ . Kelajuan dan panjang gelombang ______________
apabila gelombang menghampiri pantai dan setrusnya gelombang air
terbias _______________dengan normal.

Copyright Reserved2016

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

The water in the bay stationary compared to the water at the cape. It is
because the depth of water varies slowly across the area of the bay and the
_______ of the water wave spreads to a wider area compared to the region
near the cape. The amplitude of the water wave near the bay is low and
hence the water at the bay is comparatively still.
Air di teluk pegun (tidak bergerak) berbanding tanjung. Hal ini demikian
kerana kedalaman air akan berbeza secara perlahan dalam kawasan teluk
dan ______________ gelombang air akan merebak ke kawasan yang luas
berbanding kawasan berdekatan dengan tanjung. Amplitud berhampiran di
kawasan teluk rendah dan ini menyebabkan air di teluk pegun

o Sound waves travel _______ in warm air than in cold air.


Gelombang bunyi bergerak dengan ____________ dalam udara panas
berbanding udara sejuk.
o On a hot day, the hot surface of the Earth causes the layer of air near the
surface to be__________.(warmer/cooler)
Pada hari panas, permukaan bumi yang panas menyebabkan lapisan udara
berdekatan permukaan akan _______________.
o This causes sound waves to be ____________ away from the Earth.
Ini menyebabkan gelombang bunyi _________________ menjauhi daripada
bumi.
o On a cool night, the sound waves travel _________(slower/faster)in the
cooler layer of air near the surface of the Earth than in the upper, warmer air.
The waves are refracted towards the Earth. Hence, sound can be heard over a
longer distance on a cold _________(night/day) compared with a hot day.
Pada malam yang sejuk, gelombang buni bergerak ________________
dalam lapisan udara yang sejuk berdekatan permukaan Bumi berbanding
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by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

ke atas, iaitu udara yang lebih panas. Gelombang akan terbias berdekatan
dengan Bumi. Maka, bunyi dapat didengari dari jauh dalam ________ sejuk
berbanding hari panas.

1. A plane wave has a wavelength of 2 cm and a velocity of 8 cm s-1 as it


moves over the surface of shallow water. When the plane wave moves into
an area of greater depth, its velocity becomes 12 cm s-1.
Satu gelombang satah mempunyai panjang gelombang 2cm dan berhalaju
8cms-1 merambat merentasi kawasan cetek. Apabila gelombang tersebut
menuju ke kawasan dalam, laju gelombang menjadi 12 cms-1,
What is // Tentukan nilai
(a) the wavelength Panjang gelombang
(b) the frequency of the wave in the area of greater depth? // Frekuensi
gelombang dalam kawasan dalam.
2. The diagram shows a plane water wavemoving from one area P to another
area Q of different depth.
Rajah menunjukkan perambatan gelombang air dari kawasan P ke kawasan
Q yang berbeza kedalaman.

Copyright Reserved2016

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

23

6.3 Refraction of Waves

6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

If the speed of water wave in P is 18 cm s-1, what is the speed of water wave
in Q?
Jika laju gelombang tersebut 18 cms-1 di kawasan P. Tentukan laju
gelombang tersebut di kawasan Q.

3. Complete the following water waves refraction.


Lengkapkan pembiasan gelombang air berikut.

4.
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by : Mr Sathya Seelan

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6.3 Refraction of Waves

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6.3 Pembiasan Gelombang

by : Mr Sathya Seelan

25

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