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Presented by : Hager Ismail

Mona youssof
Shaimaa Saber
Soha Makhyoun
Contents:
 Types of pumps used in TPP.
 Methods of working.
 Sizing of pumps.
 Materials of construction.
 Application in NPP.
Types of pumps in TPP
 Boiler Feedwater pump:

Different shapes of BFW pump


 Condensate pumps:
Steam condensate pump
 Circulating pump:
 Ash Handling pump:
It’s noticed that the most common pumps used in these types are the
positive displacement and the centrifugal pumps:

 Positive Displacement pump:


 Centrifugal pump:

Volute centrifugal pump axial centrifugal pump


Methods of working
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pump – Working
Components of Centrifugal pump
 A rotating component comprising of an impeller
and a shaft.

 A stationery component comprising a volute


(casing), suction and delivery pipe.
Working Principle of Centrifugal
pump
Principle:
 When a certain mass of fluid is rotated by an
external source, it is thrown away from the central
axis of rotation and a centrifugal head is
impressed which enables it to rise to a higher
level.
Working:
 The delivery valve is closed and the pump is
primed, so that no air pocket is left.
 Keeping the delivery valve still closed the electric
motor is started to rotate the impeller.
 The rotation of the impeller is gradually
increased till the impeller rotates at its normal
speed.
 After the impeller attains the normal speed the
delivery valve is opened when the liquid is sucked
continuously up to the suction pipe.
Volute and Vortex Casing
Volute Casing:
 In this type of casing the area of flow gradually
increases from the impeller outlet to the delivery
pipe.
Vortex Casing:

 If a circular chamber is provided between the


impeller and volute chamber the casing is known
as Vortex Chamber.
Priming of a centrifugal Pump
 The operation of filling the suction pipe,
casing and a portion of delivery pipe with the
liquid to be raised, before starting the pump is
known as Priming
 It is done to remove any air, gas or vapour from
these parts of pump.
 If a Centrifugal pump is not primed before
starting air pockets inside impeller may give
rise to vortices and causes discontinuity of
flow.
Losses in Centrifugal pump
Hydraulic Losses:
 Shock or eddy losses at the entrance to and exit
from the impeller
 Losses due to friction in the impeller
 Friction and eddy losses in the guide
vanes/diffuser and casing
Mechanical Losses:
 Losses due to disc friction between the impeller
and the liquid which fills the clearance spaces
between the impeller and casing
 Losses pertaining to friction of the main bearing
and glands.
Sizing
Introduction:
pump should be sized so the cavity created in the
pump chamber by the pump elements is of
sufficient size to allow satisfactory pump
operation
Booster pump:
Considerations:
Fluid Data
• Viscosity.
• Fluid to be pumped.
• SG/Density.
• Pumping temperature.
• Vapour pressure.
• Solids content (max. size and concentration).
• Fluid behaviour (i.e. Newtonian or Pseudoplastic etc.).
Performance Data:
 Capacity (Flow rate).
 Discharge head/pressure.
 Suction condition (flooded or suction lift).
 Site Services Data
 Power source ( electric )
Follow these steps:
Step 1: Determine flow rate/pump

Step 2: Determine Fluid property information


Density, specific gravity, Dynamic or Absolute viscosity, Kinematics viscosity.

Step 3: Design piping system


Select pipe sizes
This is a compromise between installation costs and running costs.
Small diameter pipes lead to high line velocities and friction losses.

Step 4: Determine System Head Curve


Total Head (Hp)
Hp = h(d) - h(s)

Total Suction Head


h(s)= p(s)/ρ g z(s)+V2s/2g - hL(s) - h(i)
Total Discharge Head
h(d)= p(d)/ρ g + z(s) +V2d/2g+ z(d) + hL(d) + h(e)
Draw System Curve

System and pump performance curve


Step 5: Decide on a Duty Point
Duty point: rate of flow at certain head
Pump operating point: intersection of pump
curve and system curve
Pump performance
curve

Pump
operating
Head System point
curve

Static
head

Flow
Step 6: Calculate Power required, Efficiency and
Specific Speed
Power : Hydraulic power is work done by a pump
in moving the liquid

Pump Efficiency
ηP = Hydraulic Power (W) / Power input to the
pump shaft from the motor (W)

Motor Efficiency: ηM
WM is the power from the motor to the shaft =
Power supplied to the motor x motor efficiency
Step 7: Calculate NPSH available
Net Positive Suction Head
• NPSH Available: how much pump suction exceeds liquid
vapor pressure
• NPSH Required: pump suction needed to avoid
cavitation
NPSHA > NPSHR

Otherwise pump will cavitate.


Step 8: Develop Pump Specification
Step 9: Select a short-list of suitable Pumps from different manufacturers
Step 10: Evaluate Pump Selection
 Match Pump and System curve
 Determine Efficiency and NPSH margin
 Compare efficiency, NPSH margin, and off design
performance of different pumps
 Determine materials to be used based on fluid properties
 Consider vendor technical support and spare parts issues
 Consider preferred vendor supply contracts
System Head Curve

For Example 550 G.P.M. the pump head as


selected from the system head curve will be 98
ft. T.D.H.
Cavitation
 Very destructive phenomena that occurs when the
pressure of the fluid drops below vaporization point.
The result is the formation of tiny bubles that colapses
when pressure increase on the impeller. Those
implosions work as small “explosions” on the impeller
that will destroy it.

 It’ll happen mainly for 3 reasons:


 Bad system design.
 Clogging of pre-filters.
 Valves closed on the suction side.

 Cavitation is audible in the form of high pitch


screeching
AFFINITY LAWS :
All Centrifugal Pumps follow the Affinity Laws which are
given below :

Q  N Q  D
H  N2 and H  D2
P  N3 P  D3

where N is the Speed of the Pump (rpm) &


D is the Diameter of the Impeller

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