The Importance of Building Energy Efficiency

Research/Practice For
Hong Kong

Walter W. Yuen
Vice President (Academic Development)
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
(April 1, 2010 - )

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of California at Santa Barbara
(1977 – 2010)
Energy Consumption in Hong Kong
Energy use by sector (HK)
 Energy use by sector (2005)

Residential and commercial sectors consume about 60%

of the total, predominantly in buildings.
 Electricity in % of total energy use

The residential sector was responsible for 25% and the

commercial sector for 61% of the total electricity
consumption in HK in 2005.
Energy Consumption in Commercial and Residential
Buildings in Hong Kong and Other Places
Regime Residential buildings Commercial buildings
Australia 188 kWh/m2 317 kWh/m2 (Office)
(Cairns) 420 kWh/m2 (Retail)
Australia 147 kWh/m2 267 kWh/m2 (Office)
(Brisbane) 317 kWh/m2 (Retail)
Japan 47,300 MJ/household 320 kWh/m2
UK 496 kWh/m2 434 kWh/m2 (Office)
542 kWh/m2 (Department Stores)
USA (All) 147 kWh/m2
USA 250 kWh/m2 (Office)
(S Atlantic) 232 kWh/m2 (Retail)
305 kWh/m2 (Lodging)
USA 378 kWh/m2 (Office)
(EN Central) 342 kWh/m2 (Retail)
400 kWh/m2 (Lodging)
Hong Kong 30,000 MJ/household 200 - 400 kWh/m2 (Office)
110 kWh/m2 200 - 600 kWh/m2 (Mixed)
 Energy Manager
(Building Energy Performance)Ď

Energy Energy
Labeling Accounting

Energy Energy
Mining Auditing
 Energy LabelingĎ
•  Benchmarking of
Building Quality
–  EMSD Building
Energy CodeĎ
–  BEAM Plus
–  LEED
Energy AccountingĎ
•  Energy Mapping
–  To take a systematic process to conduct an effective energy
auditing.
–  To identify the flow path of energy being consumed.
•  Energy Budget
–  To investigate the potential of energy budget by simulation under
different operating conditions:
•  Demographic
•  Outdoor and Indoor Environments
•  Occupancy
•  Operation Modes
–  To compare the baseline building mode in order to explore the
potential of energy budget.
•  Energy Booking Keeping
–  To measure all the useful variables of energy consumption for
each load distribution.
–  To facilitate the implementation of data and energy mining of
systems for energy analysisĎ
 Energy AuditingĎ
•  To identify, measure
and record the energy
use according to
different energy flows.
•  To investigate energy
use with the objective
to identify measures
for energy mining.
 Energy MiningĎ
•  To investigate the potential of energy
budget by simulations:
–  Equipment Simulation
•  Chillers, Cooling Towers, VAV Box, PAU, AHU……
–  System Simulation
•  Air side , Water Side
–  Energy Modeling:
•  Engineering Level (by computators)
•  Advanced Level (by simulations)
–  Optimization of Built Environment and Energy
Usage
Energy Mining Process
Building
Handover

Data Mining
 Six-star Hotel

Floor Area: 490 m

118 F
Hotel 70,000 (m2)
High-rank
Office 286,000 (m2) commercial
office
Commercial center
67,000 (m2)

Gross 440,000 (m2)

Commercial center
and basement
IV. An Example of
Practical Applications

- in ICC (International
Commerce Center) building
at Kowloon Station
Schematic of Central Chilling System
!  Independent Energy Consultant
(Independent Commissioning
Agent)

!  Developer of HVAC Energy

Optimization System (EOS)
and Energy Performance
Diagnosis System (EPDS)
Energy Use by Buildings in HK