Running Head: Domain E Literature Review

Domain E Literature Review

Ian Frasier
6/14/15
National University
TED 690 Capstone Course
Prof Clifton Johnson

Literature Review

Discipline
Model
Jones
He makes use of a strategy
known as a visual
instructional plan (VIP).
This plan breaks problems
down step by step with a
picture, allowing students
to accelerate learning and
understanding of concepts.
This strategy also works to
eliminate helplessness.

Curwin and Mendler

Focus is on
Discipline with dignity
- Always treat students
with dignity.
- Make responsibility more
important than obedience.
- Model and teach the
behaviors you expect from
young people.
- Make sure discipline
strategies are practical.
Positive prevention
factors
- Warmth
- Clearly defined limits
- Democratic atmosphere
- Sense of accomplishment
or success
- Skills recognizing and
resolving conflicts
6-Step Process to Diffuse
Power Struggles

Overall Goal or
Purpose

Beliefs about
Behavior

Teachers Role
in the Classroom

To help students master

concepts in an
understandable way, and
make instruction more
productive for the teacher.

In the beginning of the

video he Jones states that
95% of office referrals
come from 5% of the
student body. He also
expresses his lack of
support for students being
suspended from school.
Jones believes that these
behaviors reinforce bad
behavior and do not work
to solve a problem that
needs to be addressed. He
supports the idea that lack
teaching ability and
misuse of strategies results
in students misbehaving.

The role of the teacher is

to focus on teaching in a
way that is fun, and easy
to understand. If done
right the teacher will be
able to decrease problem
behaviors. The teacher
does not need to use
threatening discipline
strategies, but can carry
out discipline in a warm
and caring manner.
Teacher should also place
a focus on using VIPs to
make concepts clear and
understandable for
students.

To ensure that teachers are

readily able to effectively
identify, resolve and move
past hostile, disruptive and
in some cases violent
behavior. Discipline that is
carried out should be in a
welcoming vs.
attacking manner. Learn
to calm yourself in the
face of attack and do not
take the student behavior
personally. Discipline
should be handled nonviolently, and without
insults. Important to model
positive behavior to
students.

The norm is to at times

back students into
corners or create a power
struggle between teacher
and student. If students
make condescending
remarks about the class or
material teachers will
sometimes become
defensive and take the
behavior personally. For
behavior to change it
needs to be handled in a
positive and constructive
way, and has students
involved as much as
possible. For example,
getting students involved
with creating classroom
rules.

Teachers need to using the

strategies involved with
disciplining with dignity,
using positive prevention
factors, and the 6 steps to
diffuse power struggles.
More importantly, teachers
need to make sure to
practice what they preach,
and model positive
behavior to their students
when confronting problem
situations.

Literature Review
- Use privacy, eye contact,
proximity (PEP)
- Ignore hooks
- Listen, acknowledge,
agree and defer
- Point out there is a fight
brewing, and what is at
stake
- Set limits to behavior and
give the option to leave
- Acknowledge the
disruption and remove
student if needed
Gossen
Restitution: approach that
enables students to
strengthen themselves by
repairing their mistakes.
The video also mentions
what are known as the 5
Positions of Control,
which include
- The punisher
- The guilter
- The buddy
- The Monitor
- The Manager
Out of all of these
positions, it is expressed
that the manager position
builds internal control and
self-discipline in students.
Glasser
Control theory
- Students need to have a
sense of belonging
- Students need to feel
important
- Students need to have
fun and freedom
This model is a
combination of
interactionist, humanist
and behaviorist
approaches.

Gassens goal is to help

students develop their selfdiscipline skills.
Restitution has also been
shown to focus on and
develop intrinsic reward of
an individual.

It is important to think
about why students are
behaving the way they do.
Are they behaving the way
they are to avoid pain,
social rewards, or selfrespect? Regardless of the
reason for the behavior,
every behavior has a
purpose and is done to
meet a need.

Involve the stages to move

toward restitution within
the classroom. This means
that teachers should be
establishing a social
contract with the students
in the class. Instead of just
sending students out of the
class, or to detention, use
the strategy of asking them
what they could have done
worse, or what could have
been done better, and if the
student wants to do better.
Teachers should
strengthen, not discomfort
the student.

Establish a classroom that

is conducive to appropriate
behaviors that will help
students meet their needs
positively. Make sure
students are evaluating
their behavior and
engaging in selfevaluation. It is also
important to establish a
classroom environment
that promotes and supports
the overall interests of
students. Furthermore, it is

No matter what has

happened in life, it is a
choice to behave in certain
ways that will help us
meet our specific needs.
Students need to
understand how to choose
the appropriate behavior
for certain situations.
Students also need to
understand how certain
behaviors provoke specific
reactions and
consequences.

A teacher should focus on

helping students evaluate
and adjust their behaviors.
Teachers should stray from
making judgments and
handing out punishments.
Teachers should focus on
the use of the nine-step
process of questioning and
provide the opportunity for
students to engage in selfevaluation and how they
can improve their behavior
themselves.

Literature Review
Reality theory
- Regardless of what has
happened in our lives, we
are able to choose more
appropriate behaviors that
will help us meet out
needs more effectively in
the future.

important to allow
students to maintain their
self-worth in order to
continue with their
improvement in behavior,
therefore, academic
achievement.

My Philosophy
There are many different strategies and approaches that can be utilized when it comes to
classroom management. After studying a variety of these strategies and approaches I found there
to be aspects that I both agree and disagree with, and have come to my own conclusion as to
what my approach to classroom management would consist of. In a nutshell, my approach to
classroom management can be described as calm, cool, firm and friendly. My management
strategy mostly relates to that of Curwin and Mendler, as well as Gassens. For example, I would
place a focus on disciplining my students in a dignified manner, without the use of violence or
insults as well as focus on providing a warm and democratic atmosphere as Curwin and Mendler
have. Furthermore, I would also focus on really establishing self-discipline in my students and
having them reflect on their actions to see how their behavior can be improved in the future. To
establish a classroom to reflect my management approach there are many strategies I can
implement.
In order to start off on the right foot with my students I will need to implement set rules
and procedures for myself and students to follow. However, that being said these rules and
procedures will not just be forced upon my students. One key strategy I will use is establishing
these rules and procedures mutually with my students. Research supports the idea of well-

Literature Review

articulated rules and procedures that are negotiated with students are a crtical aspect of classroom
management, affecting not only the behavior of students but also their academic achievement
(Marzano, Marzano, & Pickering, 2003, p. 17). Furthermore, I can also use prevention strategies
mentioned in the video titled New Teacher Survival: Classroom Management provided by the
Teaching Channel.
The strategies I plan to use consist of regularly walking around the room in order to
utilize physical proximity to prevent disruptions. Also, I plan to use various one-on-one
strategies such as whispering and secret signals, which have shown to provide a private option
where students are less likely to react negatively to discipline efforts (Teaching Channel).
Overall, by creating classroom rules and procedures to establish norms and expectations within
the classroom, and using individual strategies with my students it will allow them to efficiently
develop the self-discipline and responsibility to succeed within the classroom.

Literature Review
References
Marzano, R, Marzano, J., & Pickering, J. 2003. Classroom management that works: Research
based strategies for every teacher. Pearson Publishers
Teaching Channel. 2015. New teacher survival: Classroom management. Retrieved from
https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/new-teacher-classroom-management#videosidebar_tab_video-guide-tab