BEST FRIEND

My best friend is called Sara. She is one of my

schoolmates. She is in my class and she sits next to me. We
are the same age but she was born in May and I was born
in September, so she is already fourteen while I am still
thirteen.
She is average height and slim. Hhe has got an oval
face, her eyes are big and brown. Her hair is long straight
and dark. We nickname her "whisp Bedini"; Bedini is her
surname and we call her whisp because she wears a pony
tail right on the top of her head.
She is very good at school. Her favourite school subject
is Maths.
She looks si but, she is very sociale when she gets to
know you. When she was a little girl she used to be bossy
and so they gave her this label.
What I like best of her is that she is always ready to help
you.
Sara likes playing volleyball very much. It is her favourite
sport. She likes reading every cand of book, but especially
fantastic stories like the Potter books or the Twilight
novels.

BEST FRIEND

Ive known Bogdan from my first day ever of school. Going

back to those moments, I realise that Ive liked his
boldness, the fact that he wasnt either shy or scared of
school, colleagues or our teacher. He was comunicating
with everybody, telling storys with his summer holiday
adventures, scence he finished kindergarten and now when
we started school, showing us his pictures, like we were
friends since the start of time. I was fascinated, I was
looking in his big, blue eyes, full of sincerety and I was
answering very cheerfull, trying to get his entire attention
on me.
Next day, we were already the best friends in the hole
wide world and we remained that way since. He proven to
me, many times that I wasnt wrong about him. Gived me
wise addvice when I needed one, he was always by my side
when I was down and he always defended me when I was in
a conflict with others. Like I did it all the time for him. Even
when our destines went in differite directions, my best
friend and I stayed together, party together and we were
one for eachother in time of need.

I have chosen to study basic clases, I had continuus

emprovements in maths, romanian and english language, I
attended on olympics and Bogdan, on the other hand,
became a respected member of our schools cross team and
of our towns baschetball junior team. In our restricted
freetime, we tried to help eachother. Bogdan stimulated me
to make more exercise and Ive helped him to solve difficult
eccuations, like every person will do it for his class mate
and his best friend.
SPAIN
Spain ,officially the Kingdom of Spain , is asovereign state largely located on the Iberian
Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean andMediterranean Sea,
and several small territories on and near the north African coast. Its mainland is bordered to the
south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the
north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest
by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Along with France and Morocco, it is one of only three countries
to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. Extending to 1,214 km (754 mi), the Portugal
Spain border is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union.
Spanish territory includes two archipelagos: the Balearic Islands, in the Mediterranean Sea, and
the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast. It also includes two
major exclaves, Ceuta and Melilla, in continental North Africa; and the islands andpeones (rocks)
of Alborn, Alhucemas, Chafarinas and Vlez de la Gomera. With an area of
505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe and the
European Union, and the fourth largest country in Europe. By population, Spain is the sixth largest in
Europe and the fifth in the European Union.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures
along with ancient Phoenician,Greek and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until
it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania. In the
Middle Ages, the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors. Spain emerged as
a unified country in the 15th century, following the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs and the
completion of the centuries-long reconquest, or Reconquista, of the peninsula from the Moors in

1492. In the early modern period, Spain became one of history's first global colonial empires, leaving
a vast cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 500 million Spanish speakers, making Spanish
the world's second most spoken first language, after Chinese and before English.
Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a
constitutional monarchy. It is a middle powerand a developed country with the world's fourteenth
largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a member
of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization
of Ibero-American States (OEI), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and many
other international organisations.

Climate
Three main climatic zones can be separated, according to geographical situation
and orographic conditions:
The Mediterranean climate, characterised by warm and dry summers. It is dominant in the
peninsula, with two varieties: Csa and Csbaccording to the Kppen climate
classification.The Csb Zone, with a more extreme climate, hotter in summer and colder in winter,
extends to additional areas not typically associated with a Mediterranean climate, such as much of
central and northern-central of Spain (e.g. Valladolid, Burgos, Len).
The semi-arid climate (Bsh, Bsk), located in the southeastern quarter of the country, especially in
the region of Murcia and in the Ebrovalley. In contrast with the Mediterranean climate, the dry
season extends beyond the summer.
The oceanic climate (Cfb), located in the northern quarter of the country, especially in the region
of Basque Country, Cantabria,Asturias and partly Galicia. In contrary to the Mediterranean climate,
winter and summer temperatures are influenced by the ocean, and have no seasonal drought.

Fauna and flora

The fauna presents a wide diversity that is due in large part to the geographical position of the
Iberian peninsula between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and between Africa and Eurasia, and
the great diversity of habitats and biotopes, the result of a considerable variety of climates and well
differentiated regions.
The vegetation of Spain is varied due to several factors including the diversity of the relief, the
climate and latitude. Spain includes different phytogeographic regions, each with its own floristic
characteristics resulting largely from the interaction of climate, topography, soil type and
fire, biotic factors.

Economy
Spain's capitalist mixed economy is the 16th largest worldwide and the 5th largest in the European
Union, as well as the Eurozone's 4th largest.
The centre-right government of former prime minister Jos Mara Aznar worked successfully to gain
admission to the group of countries launching the euro in 1999. Unemployment stood at 7.6% in

October 2006, a rate that compared favourably to many other European countries, and especially
with the early 1990s when it stood at over 20%. Perennial weak points of Spain's economy include
high inflation, a largeunderground economy, and an education system which OECD reports place
among the poorest for developed countries, together with the United States and UK.
By the mid-1990s the economy had recommenced the growth that had been disrupted by the global
recession of the early 1990s. The strong economic growth helped the government to reduce the
government debt as a percentage of GDP and Spain's high unemployment began to drop steadily.
With the government budget in balance and inflation under control Spain was admitted into the
Eurozone in 1999.
Since the 1990s some Spanish companies have gained multinational status, often expanding their
activities in culturally close Latin America. Spain is the second biggest foreign investor there, after
the United States. Spanish companies have also expanded into Asia, especially China and India.
[94]
This early global expansion is a competitive advantage over its competitors and European
neighbours. The reason for this early expansion is the booming interest toward Spanish language
and culture in Asia and Africa and a corporate culture that learned to take risks in unstable markets.
Spanish companies invested in fields like renewable energy commercialisation (Iberdrola was the
world's largest renewable energy operator), technology companies
like Telefnica, Abengoa, Mondragon Corporation, Movistar, Hisdesat, Indra, train manufacturers
likeCAF, Talgo, global corporations such as the textile company Inditex, petroleum companies
like Repsol and infrastructure, with six of the ten biggest international construction firms specialising
in transport being Spanish, like Ferrovial, Acciona, ACS, OHL and FCC.
In 2005 the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality of life survey placed Spain among the top 10 in the
world. In 2013 the same survey (now called the "Where-to-be-born index"), ranked Spain 28th in the
world.
In 2010, the Basque city of Bilbao was awarded with the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize, and its
mayor at the time, Iaki Azkuna, was awarded the World Mayor Prize in 2012. The Basque capital
city of Vitoria-Gasteiz received the European Green Capital Award in 2012.

Agriculture
Crop areas were farmed in two highly diverse manners. Areas relying on non-irrigated cultivation
(secano), which made up 85% of the entire crop area, depended solely on rainfall as a source of
water. They included the humid regions of the north and the northwest, as well as vast arid zones
that had not been irrigated. The much more productive regions devoted to irrigated cultivation
(regado) accounted for 3 million hectares in 1986, and the government hoped that this area would
eventually double, as it already had doubled since 1950. Particularly noteworthy was the
development in Almeraone of the most arid and desolate provinces of Spainof winter crops of
various fruits and vegetables for export to Europe.
Though only about 17% of Spain's cultivated land was irrigated, it was estimated to be the source of
between 40-45% of the gross value of crop production and of 50% of the value of agricultural
exports. More than half of the irrigated area was planted in corn, fruit trees, andvegetables. Other
agricultural products that benefited from irrigation included grapes, cotton, sugar
beets, potatoes, legumes, olive trees, mangos, strawberries, tomatoes, and fodder grasses.
Depending on the nature of the crop, it was possible to harvest two successive crops in the same
year on about 10% of the country's irrigated land.
Citrus fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, olive oil, and wineSpain's traditional agricultural products
continued to be important in the 1980s. In 1983 they represented 12%, 12%, 8%, 6%, and 4%,
respectively, of the country's agricultural production. Because of the changed diet of an increasingly

affluent population, there was a notable increase in the consumption of livestock, poultry, and dairy
products. Meat production for domestic consumption became the single most important agricultural
activity, accounting for 30% of all farm-related production in 1983. Increased attention to livestock
was the reason that Spain became a net importer of grains. Ideal growing conditions, combined with
proximity to important north European markets, made citrus fruits Spain's leading export. Fresh
vegetables and fruits produced through intensive irrigation farming also became important export
commodities, as did sunflower seed oil that was produced to compete with the more expensive olive
oils in oversupply throughout the Mediterranean countries of the EC.

Tourism
The climate of Spain, its geographic location, popular coastlines, diverse landscapes, historical
legacy, vibrant culture and excellent infrastructure, has made Spain's international tourist industry
among the largest in the world. In the last five decades, international tourism in Spain has grown to
become the second largest in the world in terms of spending, worth approximately 40 billion Euros .

Transport
The Spanish road system is mainly centralised, with six highways connecting Madrid to the Basque
Country, Catalonia, Valencia, WestAndalusia, Extremadura and Galicia. Additionally, there are
highways along the Atlantic (Ferrol to Vigo), Cantabrian (Oviedo to San Sebastin) and
Mediterranean (Girona to Cdiz) coasts. Spain aims to put one million electric cars on the road by
2014 as part of the government's plan to save energy and boost energy efficiency. The Minister of
Industry Miguel Sebastian said that "the electric vehicle is the future and the engine of an industrial
revolution.
Spain has the most extensive high-speed rail network in Europe, and the second-most extensive in
the world after China. As of October 2010, Spain has a total of 3,500 km (2,174.80 mi) of high-speed
tracks linking Mlaga, Seville, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia andValladolid, with the trains reaching
speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). On average, the Spanish high-speed train is the fastest one in
the world, followed by the Japanese bullet train and the French TGV. Regarding punctuality, it is
second in the world (98.54% on-time arrival) after the Japanese Shinkansen (99%). Should the aims
of the ambitious AVE program (Spanish high speed trains) be met, by 2020 Spain will have 7,000 km
(4,300 mi) of high-speed trains linking almost all provincial cities to Madrid in less than three hours
and Barcelona within four hours.
There are 47 public airports in Spain. The busiest one is the airport of Madrid (Barajas), with
50 million passengers in 2011, being theworld's 15th busiest airport, as well as the European Union's
fourth busiest. The airport of Barcelona (El Prat) is also important, with 35 million passengers in
2011, being the world's 31st-busiest airport. Other main airports are located in Majorca (23 million
passengers),Mlaga (13 million passengers), Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) (11 million
passengers), Alicante (10 million passengers) and smaller, with the number of passengers between
4 and 10 million, for example Tenerife (two
airports), Valencia, Seville, Bilbao, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura. Also, more than 30 airports with
the number of passengers below 4 million.

Demographics
In 2008 the population of Spain officially reached 46 million people, as recorded by the Padrn
municipal (Spain's Municipal Register). Spain's population density, at 91/km (235/sq mi), is lower
than that of most Western European countries and its distribution across the country is very unequal.

With the exception of the region surrounding the capital, Madrid, the most populated areas lie
around the coast. The population of Spain more than doubled since 1900, when it stood at 18.6
million, principally due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s.
Native Spaniards make up 88% of the total population of Spain. After the birth rate plunged in the
1980s and Spain's population growth rate dropped, the population again trended upward, based
initially on the return of many Spaniards who had emigrated to other European countries during the
1970s, and more recently, fuelled by large numbers of immigrants who make up 12% of the
population. The immigrants originate mainly in Latin America (39%), North Africa (16%), Eastern
Europe (15%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (4%). In 2005, Spain instituted a three-month amnesty
program through which certain hitherto undocumented aliens were granted legal residency.
In 2008, Spain granted citizenship to 84,170 persons, mostly to people from Ecuador, Colombia and
Morocco. A sizeable portion of foreign residents in Spain also comes from other Western and Central
European countries. These are mostly British, French, German, Dutch, and Norwegian. They reside
primarily on the Mediterranean coast and the Balearic islands, where many choose to live their
retirement or telecommute.
Substantial populations descended from Spanish colonists and immigrants exist in other parts of the
world, most notably in Latin America. Beginning in the late 15th century, large numbers of Iberian
colonists settled in what became Latin America and at present most white Latin Americans (who
make up about one-third of Latin America's population) are of Spanish or Portuguese origin. Around
240,000 Spaniards emigrated in the 16th century, mostly to Peru and Mexico. Another 450,000 left in
the 17th century. Between 1846 and 1932 it is estimated that nearly 5 million Spaniards emigrated to
the Americas, especially to Argentina and Brazil. Approximately two million Spaniards migrated to
other Western European countries between 1960 and 1975. During the same period perhaps
300,000 went to Latin America.

Education
State education in Spain is free and compulsory from the age of six to sixteen. The current education
system was established by the 2006 educational law, LOE (Ley Orgnica de Educacin), or
Fundamental Law for the Education. In 2014, the LOE was partially modified by the newer LOMCE
law (Ley Orgnica para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa), or Fundamental Law for the
Improvement of the Education System, commonly called Ley Wert (Wert Law). Since 1970 to 2014,
pain has had seven different educational laws (LGE, LOECE, LODE, LOGSE, LOPEG, LOE and
LOMCE).

Religion
Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Spain, and although it no longer has official
status by law, in all public schools in Spain students have to choose either a religion or ethics class,
and Catholicism is the only religion officially taught. According to an April 2014 study by the Spanish
Centre for Sociological Research about 69% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics, 2% other faith,
and about 26% identify with no religion. Most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious
services. This same study shows that of the Spaniards who identify themselves as religious, 59%
hardly ever or never go to church, 15% go to church some times a year, 8% some time per month
and 14% every Sunday or multiple times per week. Recent polls and surveys have revealed
that atheistscomprise anywhere from 8% to 20% of the Spanish population.
Altogether, about 22% of the entire Spanish population attends religious services at least once per
month. Though Spanish society has become considerably more secular in recent decades, the influx
of Latin American immigrants, who tend to be strong Catholic practitioners, has helped the Catholic
Church to recover.

Culture

Culturally, Spain is a Western country. Almost every aspect of Spanish life is permeated by its
Roman heritage, making Spain one of the major Latin countries of Europe. Spanish culture is
marked by strong historic ties to Catholicism, which played a pivotal role in the country's formation
and subsequent identity. Spanish art, architecture, cuisine, and music has been shaped by
successive waves of foreign invaders, as well as by the country's Mediterranean climate and
geography. The centuries-long colonial era globalised Spanish language and culture, with Spain also
absorbing the cultural and commercial products of its diverse empire.

Literature
The earliest recorded examples of vernacular Romance-based literature date from the same time
and location, the rich mix of Muslim, Jewish, and Christian cultures in Muslim Spain, in which
Maimonides, Averroes, and others worked, the Kharjas (Jarchas).
During the Reconquista, the epic poem Cantar de Mio Cid was written about a real manhis battles,
conquests, and daily life.During the Renaissance the major plays are La Celestina and El Lazarillo
de Tormes, while many religious literature was created with poets asLuis de Len, San Juan de la
Cruz, Santa Teresa de Jess, etc.
The Baroque is the most important period for Spanish culture. We are in the times of the Spanish
Empire. The famous Don Quijote de La Manchaby Miguel de Cervantes was written in this time.
Other writers from the period are: Francisco de Quevedo, Lope de Vega, Caldern de la
Barca orTirso de Molina.
During the Romanticism, Jos Zorrilla created one of the most emblematic figures in European
literature in Don Juan Tenorio. Other writers from this period are Gustavo Adolfo Bcquer, Jos de
Espronceda, Rosala de Castro or Mariano Jos de Larra.
In Realism we find names such as Benito Prez Galds, Emilia Pardo Bazn, Leopoldo Alas (Clarn)
or Vicente Blasco Ibez and Menndez Pelayo. Realism offered depictions of contemporary life
and society 'as they were'. In the spirit of general "Realism", Realist authors opted for depictions of
everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of romanticised or stylised presentations.
The group that has become known as the Generation of 1898 was marked by the destruction of
Spain's fleet in Cuba by US gunboats in 1898, which provoked a cultural crisis in Spain. The
"Disaster" of 1898 led established writers to seek practical political, economic, and social solutions in
essays grouped under the literary heading of Regeneracionismo. For a group of younger writers,
among them Miguel de Unamuno, Po Baroja, and Jos Martnez Ruiz (Azorn), the Disaster and its
cultural repercussions inspired a deeper, more radical literary shift that affected both form and
content. These writers, along with Ramn del Valle-Incln, Antonio Machado, Ramiro de Maeztu,
and ngel Ganivet, came to be known as the 'Generation of 98'.
The Generation of 1927, where poets Pedro Salinas, Jorge Guilln, Federico Garca Lorca, Vicente
Aleixandre, Dmaso Alonso. All were scholars of their national literary heritage, again evidence of
the impact of the calls of regeneracionistas and the Generation of 1898 for Spanish intelligence to
turn at least partially inwards.The two main writers in the second half of the 20th century were
the Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Camilo Jos Cela and Miguel Delibes. Spain is one of the
countries with the most number of laureates with the Nobel Prize in Literature, and with Latin
American laureates they made the Spanish language literature one of the most laureates of all. The
Spanish writers are: Jos Echegaray, Jacinto Benavente, Juan Ramn Jimnez, Vicente
Aleixandre and Camilo Jos Cela. The Portuguese writer Jos Saramago, also awarded with the
prize, lived for many years in Spain and spoke both Portuguese and Spanish. He was also well
known by his Iberist ideas.

Art

Artists from Spain have been highly influential in the development of various European artistic
movements. Due to historical, geographical and generational diversity, Spanish art has known a
great number of influences. The Moorish heritage in Spain, especially in Andalusia, is still evident
today and European influences include Italy, Germany and France, especially during
the Baroque and Neoclassical periods.
During the Golden Age we find painters such as El Greco, Jos de Ribera and Francisco Zurbarn.
Also inside Baroque period Diego Velzquezcreated some of the most famous Spanish portraits,
like Las Meninas or Las Hilanderas.Francisco Goya painted during a historical period that includes
the Spanish Independence War, the fights between liberals and absolutists, and the raise of statenations.
Joaqun Sorolla is a well-known impressionist painter and there are many important Spanish
painters belonging to the modernism art movement, including Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dal, Juan
Gris and Joan Mir.

Architecture
Due to its historical and geographical diversity, Spanish architecture has drawn from a host of
influences. An important provincial city founded by the Romans and with an extensive Roman
era infrastructure, Crdobabecame the cultural capital, including fine Arabic style architecture, during
the time of the Islamic Umayyad dynasty. Later Arab style architecture continued to be developed
under successive Islamic dynasties, ending with the Nasrid, which built its famed palace complex
in Granada.
Simultaneously, the Christian kingdoms gradually emerged and developed their own styles;
developing a pre-Romanesque style when for a while isolated from contemporary mainstream
European architectural influences during the earlier Middle Ages, they later integrated
the Romanesque and Gothic streams. There was then an extraordinary flowering of the Gothic style
that resulted in numerous instances being built throughout the entire territory. The Mudjar style,
from the 12th to 17th centuries, was developed by introducing Arab style motifs, patterns and
elements into European architecture.
The arrival of Modernism in the academic arena produced much of the architecture of the 20th
century. An influential style centred in Barcelona, known as modernisme, produced a number of
important architects, of which Gaud is one. The International style was led by groups likeGATEPAC.
Spain is currently experiencing a revolution in contemporary architecture and Spanish
architects like Rafael Moneo, Santiago Calatrava, Ricardo Bofill as well as many others have gained
worldwide renown.

Sport
While varieties of football had been played in Spain as far back as Roman times, sport in Spain has
been dominated by English style association football since the early 20th century. Real Madrid
C.F. and FC Barcelona are two of the most successful football clubs in the world. The country's
national football team won the UEFA European Football Championship in 1964, 2008 and 2012 and
the FIFA World Cup in 2010, and is the first team to ever win three back-to-back major international
tournaments.
Basketball, tennis, cycling, handball, futsal, motorcycling and, lately, Formula One are also important
due to the presence of Spanish champions in all these disciplines. Today, Spain is a major world
sports powerhouse, especially since the 1992 Summer Olympics that were hosted in Barcelona,
which stimulated a great deal of interest in sports in the country. The tourism industry has led to an
improvement in sports infrastructure, especially for water sports, golf and skiing.

Rafael Nadal is the leading Spanish tennis player and has won several Grand Slam titles including
the Wimbledon 2010 men's singles. In north Spain, the game of pelota is very popular. Alberto
Contador is the leading Spanish cyclist and has won several Grand Tour titles including two Tour de
France titles.

England

England is the largest and most densely populated country in the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland . By 1707 England was an independent kingdom, Kingdom of England . In
1707 it merged with Scotland , giving rise Kingdom of Great Britain .
For some, England is synonymous with Britain or the United Kingdom , which, however, is incorrect
and touches them on the Scots , Welsh and Northern Irish .

Etymology
The name "England" comes from "Country England" (in English : "England" for "Land of the Angles")
referring to the Angles ,Germanic tribe West , who sat in the island in the fifth century and came from
the peninsula Jutland (now Germany and Denmark). Next to them sat still 2 other West Germanic
tribes: chili (all of the Jutland peninsula) and the Saxons (in northwestern Germany today). England
name in Cornish Language is Pow Sows , which means "Land of the Saxons". It was called so
because the Anglo-Saxons and other Germans in Europe mainland imposed native language and
culture Britons throughout England, except in Wales , Cornvalia and Cambria .

Geography
England spans two thirds of central and southern Britain, plus offshore islands from the coast, of
which the largest is the Isle of Wight .
England is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales . It is closer to continental
Europe than any other part of Britain separated from France 52 km from the sea (22 nautical

miles). Channel Tunnel near Folkestone, directly links England to mainland Europe.Anglo-French
border is halfway along the tunnel.
Much of England is hilly, mountainous in the north generally a chain of mountains not too
tall mountains Pennine (Pennines), dividing east and west. Other hilly areas in the north and
Midlands are the Lake District (The Lake District), the North York Moors (North York Marshes) and
the Peak District. The approximate dividing line between terrain is often indicated by the Tees-Exe
line. South of this line are large tracts of flat land, including East Anglia and the Fens, hilly areas
including the Cotswolds, the Chilterns and the North and South Downs.
The largest natural harbor in England is Poole, south-central coast. Some consider it the second
largest port in the world after Sydney ,Australia , although this is debatable.

Administrative division
England does not have a legislative or government to be responsible for the entire country, unlike
the other three countries, but is led by the UK Parliament and UK Government default. There are
discussions about the creation of either a separate parliament or the legislative powers granted to
the nine regions of England . The latter was set up following the judgment of the European
Union after the Treaty of Maastricht . In addition to London, the regions are very limited powers.
London region is divided into the City of London and 31 "London's burgs" which together are
called Greater London and administered by the authority of Greater London .
Other regions are made up of counties that can be metropolitan metropoilitane us. These in turn are
subdivided into districts (which may be called cities burg sites, royal burgh sites, or simply burgs
metropolitan districts). In some places, counties and districts work together as a "unitary authority".
Under the district level works without a uniform or covering the whole territory, the civil parishes. Civil
parish councils or town councils there are basically just small towns and rural areas, it is common in
large cities and prohibited within Greater London.

Climate
England has a temperate climate with much rain during the year, although the seasons are very
varied in temperature. However, temperatures rarely drop below -5 degrees C or above 30 degrees
C. prevailing wind blows from the southwest bringing mild and wet weather from the
ocean Atlantic . East is the driest and warmest in the south, which is closest to the European
mainland. Snow may fall in winter and early spring.

Economy
Infrastructure

England played an important role in the progress of western architecture. It is the home of the most
notable medieval castles and forts in the world, including Warwick Castle , the Tower of
London ( Tower of London ), Castle Windsor ( Windsor Castle -the largest inhabited castle in the
world and lived long while).
England is known for the many grand houses in the countryside, medieval churches and cathedrals
and later as York Minster .
British architects have contributed to many styles over the centuries, including Tudor architecture,
English Baroque style Georgian and Victorian movements as Gothic Revival. Among the most well
known contemporary British architects are Norman Foster and Richard Rogers .

Education
Oxford
More than a university, Oxford is one of the most beautiful cities in England. Excellent preserved, it is
a conglomeration of narrow alleys, houses built of honey-colored stone and lined with statues of
fantastic animals. University complex includes 40 independent colleges, the oldest of them (and
nationwide) was established in 1200. Here is Bodleian Library, one of the first libraries of the world,
which opened its doors in 1602. On the shelves They are housed 5 million rare books, including a
collection of invaluable manuscripts.
Cambridge
Cambridge, Canterbury, Stratford-upon-Avon (overview) Cambridge cradle of the two British
universities, Cambridge has opened its doors to students from century XIII. In gratitude, every
generation of architects raised here by a group of buildings representing the spirit of the age, so far,
here are gathered the most beautiful buildings in all England. The largest complex of colleges, Trinity
College was founded by Henry VIII in 1546. It is characterized by beautiful courtyard of the
eighteenth century, where stands a magnificent library designed by Christopher Wren. Above
counters keeper is massive Great Tom, a large clock that announces the passing of each hour
sound and that it is possible to be admired without knowing the film Chariots of Fire. Among students
of the college are branded Prince Charles, who attended in the 60s.

Culture
England has a vast and influential culture that encompasses elements both old and new. Modern
culture of England is sometimes difficult to detect and difficult to separate from the whole culture of
the UK because they are so intertwined nations. Anyway traditional culture and historical English
distinct regional differences remain substantial.
English heritage is a government body with a broad remit historical sites, artifacts and surroundings
of England. London British Museum, British Library and National Gallery contain the finest
collections in the world.

The English have played an important role in the development of arts and sciences. Many of the
most important figures in modern philosophical thought and scientific western whether born or at one
time was here or even live in England. Thinkers English outstanding international importance include
scientists such as Sir Isaac Newton , Francis Bacon , Michael Faraday , Charles Darwin and Ernest
Rutherford (born in New Zealand ), philosophers such as John Locke , John Stuart Mill , Herbert
Spencer , Bertrand and Thomas Hobbes and economists like David and John Maynard Keynes .

Sport
Modern sports were systematized in England during the XIX century, among them cricket, rugby
union and league, football, tennis and badminton. Of these, association football, cricket and rugby
remains the most popular sports of the country.
England national football team is placed 15th by FIFA and 8th by Elo, and won the World
Cup in 1966 held in England. .
National team rugby of England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003 and finished 2nd in 2007 . Rugby
clubs like Leicester Tigers, London Wasps and Northampton Saints have had success in the
Heineken Cup rugby Europei.Echipa national league is regarded by England Rugby League No. 3 in
the world and first in Europe . She took part in three World Cups finishing in 2nd place
in 1975 and 1995 , the latter being the host. In 2008 he played for the World Cup in Australia .

The advantages and disadvantages of using the internet

With the advent of the online medium called the Internet, have produced some major
changes in human life. The Internet offers modern man a lot of advantages, which
facilitates or enhance its life, or helps them save time, money, or to find a life partner or
gives ways to spend time feeling longer well (at least momentarily) etc. Unfortunately
using the Internet presents certain problems, hazards, which is very good for anyone
entering the net to know, to realize, and to beware of them.
Thus, in my opinion, here are the main advantages and dangers of the Internet today:
the Internet has incredible advantages: It is an extraordinary educational and
informative environment. I mean centers that provide 'continuous education' (virtual
classroom) and the billions of pages of information available;
Rapid communication between points most distant and seemingly less accessible
globally. Geographic isolation no longer exist because of the Internet; Latest news, the
weather, we can find out immediately via the Internet; www made possible
Telemedicine. Profesionalii the medical world have an incredible database, search
engine data and online magazines. More research is facilitated by the Internet;
Communication with public and private companies (finding phone numbers and fax,
communication by mail - mail, access to various activities that we "relax" the brain:
books, pictures, movies, music, shopping, games, gambling, social networking sites,
forums, blogging, betting ...; electronic commerce - the ability to find and buy items that
you need at the lowest price on the market or even the possibility to sell you various
products; possibility make your garden an opinion - by commenting on various news,
articles, forums on various websites etc., by administering an own website / blog where
you can post (you can publish) what information you want; ability to learn FOREIGN
fREE, free opportunity to learn to do all sorts of useful stuff everyday life (with video
tutorials, presentations, available to anyone on the internet); saves time - the internet
you can provide a huge time savings. Instead of wasting time (in different ways) to get
something / anything to solve through the Internet many issues are resolved more
quickly;
Dangers of the Internet can be of two kinds: hazards / risks that we can avoid, and
hazards / risks that too we can avoid if we use the internet (eg we can not renounce the
use of electronic mail while it is clear that there is no safe 100% of personal information
from our account mail).
Whatever the case, it is very important to understand that all these dangers, to realize,
and we light up somewhere in his head a red light every time we are about to expose us
to the risk / danger that n -We should we take so web browsing to be as safe. Here still
are, in my opinion, the main problems, risks and dangers related to the Internet.
The Internet has many disadvantages: Starting SPAM and up to nefastele effects they
may have innocent sharing of intelligence by minors who seek 'friends' in obscure areas
of internet chat; Security information we convey - Browse the Internet that can provide
data to reach places unwanted viruses, degradation of family relations. Seattlements
internet allowed anyone, regardless of age, regardless of skill and experience in
informatics. Thus, anyone can go online (no problem up here), but anyone can harm the
Internet and in various ways. The Internet is often "polluted" by the following persons:
-children / youth not very smart (or stupid publishing false information); Adult who do not
understand how the internet works, people of bad faith (which is trying to fool,
manipulate, publishing false information, false, lies, by Tepe economic and otherwise);

The quality and veracity of information on the Internet is uncertain.Anyone with access
to the Internet, anyone can post information on the internet can tell untruths, may
misinform, or can lie on the Internet.
Thus, bona fide users face the problem of selecting good quality information, an ocean
of information mixed.This takes time and a lot of people because of a poor education in
this area do not understand how the world works, the Internet, and are not able to
distinguish between truth and falsehood. This will get better all the information you will
find on the internet, and instead to inform, will misinform, and will be in error. That find
information on a news site, or an online newspaper, does not guarantee the accuracy
and quality of information.
There are sites for working people competent and in good faith, but there are sites for
working incompetent, corrupt, liars, manipulators, people of bad faith, ignorant, etc. You
learn to distinguish between information quality and information of poor quality,
depending on where they found information on the Internet, and who posted them (to be
analyzed a little whole context-looking information that is found - for example, most
evz.ro information from websites, hotnews.ro, and more are manipulations, personal
information is not safe when using the Internet.
This security of personal data that promotes websites offering such mailbox is false ; All
of the computer is exposed when we connect to the internet: hackers, crackers, skilled
people in iT, and internet providers (who gives internet) can enter into our computer
through the internet, and can see everything we have there possibly can copy or delete
all we computer. addresses for mail posted on the internet, no matter where
(advertisements, websites, blogs, accounts on social networking etc), are "stolen" by
small programs specially designed to create databases with all the email addresses that
are posted on the internet.
The databases consist serve various commercial interests of the companies
concerned, and who will pay good money for them, following as per email address to
send advertising messages, hoaxuri, spam etc, and also databases mails will be
accessible to those who run the world, officially shadows.To avoid the "inconvenience",
post your email address in a form other than the usual. So do not write your email
address on the net as adresademail@yahoo.com but in another way, like adresademail
arround iahu punnct comm (or any variant that is not recognized by those
programs). Identity virtual (online, on the Internet) does not coincide with the real
identity! When you talk to someone on the Internet, whatever the field (business sites
socializing, dating, ecommerce, job offers etc.), you have no idea who is actually the
kind of man is as accurate as really says or how mind etc. The existence of an Internet
site does not guarantee safety of money and your life!
The existence of many other people who use that service, does not guarantee safety of
money and your life! Attention on social sites! Not always know who is really the person
they socialized. LOSS OF TIME is another problem on the Internet.
However many advantages and useful information would have the internet, many
people end up losing a lot of time on the internet, without acquiring something real,
concrete, intelligent, useful out of it (the case of loss of too much time on sites
socializing, watching yourself to the movies, playing up etc). Under the pretext of
"boredom", the Internet consumes a lot of time when very many people, and that's not

good at all, because it is anti-productive and those people would be able to use their
time and energy in a much their most useful and society as a whole.
Very important also is that the Internet is addictive! Whether for gaming, social
networking (like Facebook) or other online activities. Social networking sites (facebook,
twitter, hi5 etc) you "dope" and your brain creates the illusion that you're somebody if
you have many virtual friends / more likes on Facebook etc.
This emphasis on quantity, not quality and harm the normal life (the quality matters
more than quantity that surround you / their number).
The Internet creates the false illusion that you are active in civic terms if you post a
message against something bad, or if you give an order like a protest perfectly justified.
This option provided by the internet, you can "react" to certain things online, you do not
react at all to where it really matters, for example in normal peaceful street protests.
Earlier this year, when there were several street protests were started "calling" on
facebook, like "Come to protest! to date, .dat a time ... like if you come. " In thousands,
tens of thousands of likes, the streets appeared only a few people.

The advantages and disadvantages of internet

Advantages and disadvantages of Internet modern humans a lot of advantages, which

facilitates or enhance its life, or helps them save time, money or gives ways to spend
time feeling better (at least for the moment ), etc. Unfortunately, however, using the
Internet presents certain problems, hazards, which is very good as anyone who
accesses the Internet to know, to realize, and to beware of them.
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
Access fast and easy (usually) to all benefits of the Internet. The Internet provides
information in all fields (politics, administration, sports, agriculture, weather, legal
information - laws, decisions etc.) presented in all kinds of forms: news, articles,
images, videos etc.
Communication with public and private companies (finding phone numbers and fax,
mail communication - electronic mail etc.); socializing via: email, social networking sites,
messenger, skype etc; There is an opportunity to talk to the phone, free; communication
with relatives and friends, communicate with classmates / faculty / service,
communication with teachers, etc.
Training. Access to online courses (some free), and other information / documents
useful in the training and career (valid during school, high school, college, service and
whole life). Opportunity to learn foreign languages .
Free Ecommerce. Ability to find and buy items that you need at the lowest price on
the market. Even you can sell different products, as a legal entity or natural.
Publicitate.Posibilitatea to give free ad on everything: purchase and sale, personals,
events, protests, etc.
Ability to make public your opinion (to make yourself heard) - through comments on
various news articles, forums, etc on different sites by administering a proper website /
blog where you can post (you can public) what information you want.
You can learn free to do all sorts of useful stuff everyday life (with video tutorials,
presentations, available to anyone on the Internet). 8. Saves time. The internet can
provide you a great saving of time. Instead of wasting time (in different ways) to get
something / anything to solve through the Internet many issues are resolved more
quickly.
DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
Internet access is enabled anyone, regardless of age, regardless of skill and
experience in informatics. Thus, anyone can go online, and anyone can harm the
Internet but in different ways. The Internet is often "polluted" by the following groups:
children / young incompetents who publish false information; dishonest people who try
to manipulate by publishing false information.

The quality and reliability of the information on the Internet is uncertain. Because
anyone with access to the Internet, anyone can post information on the Internet, anyone
can tell untruths, may misinform, or lying.
Personal information is not safe when using the Internet. The security of personal data
that promotes websites that offer, for example, mailbox, is false. I mean, everything in
the computer is exposed to when connected to the Internet.
The offenses / illegalities / fraud / Tepe which may occur, which may affect related to:
online banking, economic Tepe, Tepe electronic commerce Tepe in various business
deals, work, Tepe in various online collaboration etc.
On the Internet there is 100% safe with your bank account or any other accounts held
online! The lack of a real identities collaborators / partners on the Internet, increase the
risk of lying.
Loss of time on the Internet is another matter. However many advantages and useful
information would have the internet, many people end up losing a lot of time on the
internet, without acquiring something real, concrete, intelligent, useful out of it (the case
of loss of too much time on sites socializing on films by playing etc).
In movies, the distance from the screen is bigger, so it is less harmful to the
eyes. Even when gaming, the distance can be increased (especially with wireless
keyboard and mouse).
But surfing the Internet, it is most harmful to the eyes, because it implies a short
distance from the monitor. Eyes get used to focus at close range, and slowly lose their
ability to see clearly at a distance.