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CriminalLawDigestsOctoberNovember2000|PhilippineLawReviewers

PhilippineLawReviewers

CriminalLawDigestsOctoberNovember2000
JAN24
PostedbyMagz
OCTOBER2000
PEOPLEV.SANTIAGO
GRNO.129371OCT.4,2000
Appellantwasconvictedofmurderforshootingthevictimafterapriorstreetaltercationthateruptedwhenthepartiesvehiclescollided.
Held:
OnlyHomicide.Notreachery.Treacherymustbeprovedbyclearandconvincingevidence,orasconclusivelyasthekillingitself.When
thewitnessesdidnotseehowthea ackwascarriedoutandcannottestifyhowitbegan,thetrialcourtcannotpresumefromthe
circumstancesofthecasethattherewastreachery.Treacherycannotbeconsideredwherethelonewitnessdidnotseethecommencement
oftheassault.Sincethelonewitnessfailedtowitnesstheinitiala ackinicteduponthevictim,treacherycannotbeconsidereda
qualifyingcircumstance.
Alltheelementsofevidentpremeditationmustalsobeproven.Premeditationtokillmustbeplainnotoriousandsucientlyprovenby
theevidenceofoutwardactsshowingtheintenttokill.A15minuteintervalisnotsucienttimefortheaccusedtocoollyreectontheir
plantokillthevictim.Inonecase,30minuteswasheldalsoinsucienttimebetweendeterminationtocommitandtheexecutionis
insucientforfullmeditationontheconsequencesoftheact.
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Liabilityofonewhoseparticipationincrimewaslimitedtodrivingforthekillersisonlythatofanaccomplice.Thelackofcomplete

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Liabilityofonewhoseparticipationincrimewaslimitedtodrivingforthekillersisonlythatofanaccomplice.Thelackofcomplete
evidenceofconspiracy,whichcreatesthedoubtwhetherhehasactedasprincipaloranaccomplice,impliesthecourttoresolvethe
questioninfavoroftheaccused.

PEOPLEV.BAWANG
GRNo.131942October5,2000
Acaseofincestuousrape.
Held:
Thefactthatthehymenisintactdoesnotproveabsenceofsexualintercourseandthepresenceoflacerationdoesnotprovedeoration.
Thehymenmaybelaceratedduetosomeothercausesnotsexualintercourse.
ThequalifyingcircumstanceprovidedbyRA7658fortheimpositionofdeathpenaltyispresentintheinformationminorityand
relationshiphavingbeenaverred.However,itistheburdenoftheprosecutiontoprovethevictimwasbelow18whentherapewas
commi edinordertojustifytheimpositionofthedeathpenalty.Inthiscase,noevidencewasgivennotevenaCerticateofLiveBirth.

PEOPLEV.LOPEZ
GRNo.132168October10,2000
Anoldwomanwashackedtodeathbyappellantbecauseofalanddispute.
Held:
Therewastreachery.Accusedsuddenlyandunexpectedlygrabbedthehairofthedeceasedandsimultaneouslyhackedhertodeath.The
deceasedhadnoinklingwhatsoeverofthemurderousintentoftheaccused.Theessenceoftreacheryisthatthea ackcomeswithout
warningandinaswift,deliberateandunexpectedmanner,aordingtheunarmedandunsuspectingvictimnochancetoresist,toavoidor
escape.
Abuseofsuperioritywasproved.Shewasunarmed.Theaccusedwasa22yearoldmale,intheprimeofhislife,andarmedwithadeadly
weapon.Sincealoveosiaisalreadyappreciatedasaqualifyingcircumstance,abuseofsuperiorityisabsorbedtherein.
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Thefactthatthevictimhas7hackingwoundsdoesnotconclusivelydemonstratecruelty.Thenumberofwoundsdoesnotpersegiverise2/7

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Thefactthatthevictimhas7hackingwoundsdoesnotconclusivelydemonstratecruelty.Thenumberofwoundsdoesnotpersegiverise
tocruelty.Thetestiswhethertheaccuseddeliberatelyandsadisticallyaugmentedthewrongbycommi inganotherwrongnotnecessary
foritscommission,orinhumanelyincreasedthevictimssuering,oroutragedorscoedathispersonorcorpse.Recordsarebereftof
evidenceshowingtheaccusedcontinuedtohackthevictimwhenshewasalreadydead.Passionorobfuscationtobeappreciatedmust
arisefromlawfulsentiments.Theactofvictimdemandingthefamilyofappellanttovacateherlandwasnotunlawfulorunjust.The
exerciseofalawfulrightcannotbeapropersourceofobfuscationthatmaybeconsideredamitigatingcircumstance.
NOVEMBER2000
PEOPLEV.BALMORIA
GRNo.134539November15,2000
Acaseofrapeofaneightyearold.
Held:
Itisnotuncommonforyounggirlstoconcealforsometimetheassaultagainsttheirvirtuebecauseofthethreatontheirlives.Ayoung
girl,unlikeamaturewoman,cannotbeexpectedtohavethecourageandintelligencetoimmediatelyreportasexualassaultcommi ed
againstherespeciallywhenadeaththreathangsverherhead.Wecannotrejectthetestimonyofvictimonthegroundthather3other
companionswerenotawakenedbyhergroanswhileshewasbeingraped.Itisnotimpossibletocommitrapeinasmallroomevenifthere
areseveralpersonsinit.

PEOPLEV.MOYONG
GRNo.13541315November15,2000
Facts:
Thehotelguestsandmanagerwerestabbedtodeathinaroom.Appellantwascaughtwhileeeingtheestablishmentwithstainedclothes.
Held:
Aconvictionbasedoncircumstantialevidenceisproperif:1)thereismorethanjustonecircumstanceina endance;2)thefactsfromwhich
inferencescanbederivedareadequatelyproven;3)thecombinationofallthecircumstancesissuchastoproduceaconvictionbeyond
reasonabledoubt.Thesecircumstancesmustbeconsistentwiththehypothesisthattheaccusedisguiltyofthecrimesoughttobe
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establishedandcanleadtonorationalassumptionthatmaybecongruentwiththeinnocenceoftheaccused.Sincenoeyewitnesswas

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establishedandcanleadtonorationalassumptionthatmaybecongruentwiththeinnocenceoftheaccused.Sincenoeyewitnesswas
presentedandnoevidencewasshownonhowthekillingstranspiredtheaggravatingandqualifyingcircumstancescannotbeappreciated.

PEOPLEV.PACANA
G.R.No.9747273Nov.20,2000
Acaseofmurderandfrustratedmurder.
Held:
Iftheaccusedwaspositivelyidentiedbythevictimhimselfwhoharborednoillmotiveagainsttheformer,thedefenseofalibimustfail.
Inanyeventheproofofmotiveisnotindispensableforconvictionwhenthereispositiveidentication.Motiveassumessignicanceonly
whenthereisnoshowingofwhotheperpetratorofthecrimemightbe.Anappealtakenbyoneormoreofseveralaccusedshallnoteect
thosewhodidnotappeal,exceptinsofarasthejudgmentoftheappellatecourtisfavorableandapplicabletothela er.Hence,the
reductionoftheindeterminatepenaltyforthefrustratedmurdercaseshallaectnotonlytheappellantbutalsothosewhowithdrewtheir
appeal.

PEOPLEv.CASTURIA
G.R.No.122819Nov20,2000
Appellantwasconvictedofmurder.
Held:
Forconspiracytoexistitdoesnotrequireanappreciableperiodlapsedpriortotheoccurence.Itissucientthattheformandmannerin
whichthea ackwasaccomplishedclearlyindicateunityofactionandpurpose.Theaccusedactofmaulingthevictimandthereafter
handlingthebolotohisbrotherwhohackedthevictim.

PEOPLEV.ALVAREZ
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G.R.No.121769November22,2000

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G.R.No.121769November22,2000
Appellantwasconvictedofmurderaftershootingthevictimwithabardogalocallymadeshotgun.
Held:
Itiswellse ledthatthetestimonyofaselfconfessedaccompliceorcoconspiratorimputingtheblameforthekillingandimplicatinghis
coaccusedcannotbyitselfandwithoutcorroboration,beconsideredasprooftoamoralcertaintythatthela erhadcommi edor
participatedinthecommissionofthecrime.Thus,itisrequiredthatthetestimonybesubstantiallycorroboratedbyotherevidenceinall
itsmaterialpoints.Thereasonfortheabovecitedruleisthatthetestimonyofacoconspiratorproceedsfromapollutedsource.Itmustbe
receivedwithcautionbecause,asisusualwithhumannature,aculprit,confessingacrime,islikelytoputtoblameasfaraspossibleon
othersratherthanhimself.
These ledruleisthattestimonyofawitnessmabebelievedinpartanddisbelievedinpartasthecorroborativeevidenceor
improbabilitiesofthecasemayrequire.Therewastreachery.Victimwasunawareoftheevildesignoftheaccusedandhisgroupwho
concealedthemselvesbehindcolongrasses.Beingunarmed,hecouldnotoerresistancenora empttoescapefromtheirsuddenand
unexpecteda ack.Conspiracywaspresent,theassailantsoneaftertheothershotatthevictim.

PEOPLEv.VELASQUEZ
G.R.No.13738384Nov.23,2000
Appellantusedatoyguninabductingandrapingthevictim.
Held:
ThemerefactthatKarendidnota empttoescapewhentheopportunityresenteditselfshouldnotbeconstruedasamanifestationof
consentanddoesnotnecessarilynegateherchargeofrapeortainthercredibilityconsideringtheaccusedemployedforceand
intimidation.Acomplainantsactinimmediatelyreportingthecommissionofrapeisafactorinstrengtheninghercredibility.
Appellantimputesnoillmotivetowardsthevictimtofalselyaccusehim.Intheabsenceofsuchmotive,itispresumedthatnosuch
motiveexists.Tosupportaconvictionforrape,thecourtmayrelysolelyonthetestimonyofthevictimprovidedsuchtestimonyis
credible,natural,convincingandconsistentwithhumannatureandthenormalcourseofthings.Byitsnature,rapeiscommi edwiththe
leastpossibilityofbeingseenbythepublic.
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Reference:
CriminalLawDigests
AteneoCentralBarOperations2001

AboutMagz
Firstofall,Iamnotalawyer.ImagraduateofABPoliticalScienceandwenttotheCollegeofLawbutstoppedgoingtolawschoolforsomereasons.
ImapassionateteacherwhohasbeenteachingEnglishtospeakersofotherlanguagesandapersonwholikeswritingandblogging.Ilostsome
importantlesandsoftwarewhenmycomputerbrokedownsothereasonIcreatedthiswebsiteistopreservethenotes,reviewersanddigestsIcollected
whenIwasatthelawschoolandatthesametime,Iwanttohelpoutlawstudentswhodonothaveenoughtimetogoandreadbooksinthelibrary.
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