Based on Merriam-Webster, 11th Edition

The Math Edition

Addition
addition - the process or skill of calculating the total of two or
more numbers or amounts.
accession - an amount added to an existing quantity of something.
additional - added, extra, or supplementary to what is already
present or available.
altogether - including everything or everyone; in total.
and - used to connect two numbers to indicate that they are being added together.
combined - unite; merge.
entire cost - total.
gain - increase the amount or rate of (something, typically
weight or speed).
in all - in total; altogether.
increase - an instance of growing or making greater.
more - a greater or additional amount or degree.
plus - with the addition of.
sum - the total amount resulting from the addition of two or
more numbers, amounts, or items.
summation - the process of adding things together.
tally - calculate the total number of.
total - comprising the whole number or amount.

Division
division - the action of separating something into parts, or the
process of being separated.
each - to, for, or by every one of a group (used after a noun or an
amount).
fits into - division of.
goes into - division of.
in - expressing motion with the result that something ends up
within or surrounded by something else.
into - expressing division.
obelus - divison sign.
part - a piece or segment of something such as an object, activity,
or period of time, which combined with other pieces makes up
the whole.
partition - divide into parts.
quotient - a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another.
sectionalization - to divide into sections.
segmentation - to divide into parts.
split evenly - the division of.

Multiplication
multiplication - the process of combining matrices, vectors, or
other quantities under specific rules to obtain their product.
as many as - the multiplication of.
of - expressing the relationship between a part and a whole.
product - a quantity obtained by multiplying quantities together,
or from an analogous algebraic operation.
times - multiplied by.

Subtraction
subtraction - the process of taking a matrix, vector, or other
quantity away from another under specific rules to obtain the
difference.
change - exchange (a sum of money) for the same amount in
smaller denominations or in coins, or for different currency.
difference - a quantity by which amounts differ; the remainder
left after subtraction of one value from another.
dropped - let go.
have left - the difference; subtraction.
less - before subtracting (something); minus.
less than - minus.
minus - with the subtraction of.
remaining - still existing, present, or in use; surviving.
take away - the subtraction of.