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UNIONANDITSTERRITORIES
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UNIONANDITSTERRITORY:

TheUnionanditsterritoryarementionedunderPartIoftheIndianConstitution.
TheconcernedArticlesarefrom1to4.

ARTICLE1:
1 (1): India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of
States.
1(2):TheStatesandUTsthereofshallbeasspecified
inthefirstschedule
1(3)(a):Territoriesofstates
1(3)(b):UTsasspecifiedinthefirstschedule
1(3)(c):Suchotherterritoriesasmaybeacquired
Today'sQuestion ClickHere

ThewordsUnionofstatesispreferredovertheFederationofStates(Why?)
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TheterritoryofIndiaconsistsof
Theterritoriesofthestates
TheUnionTerritories
AnyterritoriesthatmaybeacquiredbyIndia
Asontodaythereare28statesand7Unionterritoriesinthecountry.
The7Unionterritories
Delhi
TheAndamanandNicobarIslands
Lakshadweep
DadraandNagarHaveli
DamanandDiu
Pondicherry
Chandigarh

ThenamesofthestatesandtheUnionterritoriesandtheterritoriescoveredbyeachof
themhavebeendescribedinthefirstscheduleoftheConstitution.
The other countries possessions can be added to India through Constitutional
amendments.
Through10thamendmentoftheConstitutionintheyear1962thePortugueseenclaves
(possessions)ofDadraandNagarHaveliwasconstitutedintoaUnionterritory.

SimilarlyGoa,DamanandDiuwasaddedasaUnionterritorybythe12thConstitutional
amendmentintheyear1962.
ThePondicherrytogetherwithKaraikal,MaheandYanamwerecededtoIndiabythe
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Frenchgovernmentintheyear1954.
Intheyear1962throughthe14thConstitutionalamendmentPondicherrytogetherwith
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Karaikal,MaheandYanam,theFrenchpossessionswasaddedasaUnionterritory.

ARTICLE2:
Parliament may by law admit new states into the
union of India or establish new states on such terms
andconditionsasitthinksfit.

TheArticle2oftheIndianConstitutionprovidestwopowerstotheParliament.
ThepowertoadmitthenewstatesintotheUnionofIndia
And
Thepowertoestablishnewstates.
Intheyear1974,theSikkimAssemblypassedtheGovernmentofSikkimAct,1974.
ThisactempoweredtheGovernmentofSikkimtoseekparticipationandrepresentation
ofthepeopleofSikkimintheIndianpoliticalinstitutionsforthespeedydevelopmentof
Sikkim.
The resolution also meant for the representation of the people of Sikkim in the Indian
Parliamentarysystem.
Intheyear1974the35thConstitutionamendmentactwaspassedbytheParliamentto
giveeffecttotheresolution.
Themainprovisionsofthe35thamendmentactisSikkimwillbeanassociatestate
ofIndia.
There was a criticism regarding the 35th amendment of the Constitution, since the
originalConstitutiondidnotmentionabouttheassociatedstate.
TheParliamentpassedthe36thamendmentact.
SikkimhasbeenadmittedintotheUnionofIndiaasastate.
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The36thamendmentactcameintoeffectfromApril26,1975.
Article 371F inserted to make some special provisions relating to the admission of
Sikkim.

ARTICLE3:
TheparliamentmaybylawisempoweredtoForma
newstate
3(a):Byseparationofterritoryfromantstate
OR
byuniting2ormorestatesorpartsofstates
OR
Byunitinganyterritorytoapartofanystate.
3(b):Increasetheareaofanystate
3(c):Diminishtheareaofanystate
3(d):Altertheboundariesofanystate
3(e):Alterthenameofanystate

TheConstitutionempoweredtheParliamenttoreorganize theboundaries ofthe states

byasimplemajority.
Article3laysdowntwoconditionsintheformationofnewstates.
1)ThebillcanbeintroducedintheParliamentonlywiththepriorrecommendationof
thePresident.
2)ThePresidentshallbeforegivingrecommendationreferthebilltothelegislatureof
thestatewhichisgoingtobeaffectedbythechangesproposedinthebill.
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ThestatelegislaturemustexpressitsviewinthetimespecifiedbythePresident.
ThePresidentisnotboundbytheviewofthestatelegislature.
It is not necessary to make afresh reference to the state legislature every time an
amendmenttothebillismovedandacceptedintheParliament.
In case of Union territory, no reference need be made to the concerned legislature to
ascertainitsviewsandtheParliamentcanitselftakeanyactionasitdeemsfit.

ARTICLE4:
4(1):AnylawreferredtoArticle2or3shallcontain
suchprovisionsfortheamendmentofthefirstschedule
andfourthscheduleasmaybenecessarytogiveeffect
totheprovisionsofthelawandmayalsocontainsuch
supplemented,incidentalandconsequentialprovisions.
4(2):Nosuchlawasaforesaidshallbedeemedtobe
an amendment of this Constitution for the purpose of
Article368.
Itmeansthesecanbepassedwithoutresortingtoanyspecialprocedure.
Thiscanbedonebyasimplemajorityoftheparliamentlikeanyotherpieceofordinary
legislation.

THENAMESOFTHESTATESCANBECHANGED
THROUGHTHEPROVISIONOFARTICLE3

Intheyear1950thestatesUnitedProvinceswasrenamedUttarPradesh.
In the year 1969 Madras was renamed Tamil Nadu. This was done through Madras
State(Alternationofname)Act,1968witheffectfromJanuary14,1969.
Intheyear1973MysorewasrenamedKarnataka.ThiswasdonethroughMysoreState
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(Alternationname)Act,1973.
Intheyear1973Laccadive,MinicoyandAmindiviIslandsrenamedLakshadweep.
Intheyear1992theUnionterritoryofDelhiwasredesignatedastheNationalCapital
Territory of Delhi. This was done through 69th amendment act, 1991 with effect from
February1,1992.

MISCELLANEOUS:
ThenameofthecountrywasdiscussedintheConstituentAssembly.WhileBharatwas
theancientnameandIndiawasthemodernname.AsamemberofUnitedNationsalso
the name of the country was India and all the international agreements were entered in
thatname.AsacompromiseIndiathatisBharatwasaccepted.
NostateinIndiacouldsecedefromtheUnion.
TheParliamentspowertodiminishtheareaofanystatedoesnotcovercessionofIndian
Territorytoaforeignstate.
In the Berubari (West Bengal) case of 1960 on a presidential reference the Supreme
Court expressed the opinion that no cession of territory could be made without a
constitutional amendment. To give effect to an agreement with Pakistan for transfer of
part of the Berubari territory, the 9th constitutional amendment took place in the year
1960.
Intheyear1969theSupremeCourtruledthatsettlementofaboundarydisputebetween
Indiaandanothercountrydoesnotrequireaconstitutionalamendment.Itcanbedoneby
an executive action since it does not involve cession of Indian Territory to a foreign
country.
IndiaisanindestructibleUnionofdestructiblestates.
ThecountryisdescribedastheUnionalthoughtheConstitutionisfederalinstructure.
AtthetimeofindependenceIndiacomprisedtwocategoriesofpoliticalunits,namelythe
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Britishprovincesandprincelystates.
TheIndianindependenceAct,1947gave3optionstotheprincelystates,eithertojoin
IndiaorPakistanorremainindependent.
Outof552princelystates549integratedwithIndiabytheeffortsofSardarVallabhbhai
Patel.
TheHyderabadstatewasintegratedthroughPoliceaction.
Junagarhwasintegratedthroughreferendum.
KashmirwasintegratedthroughInstrumentofAccession.
TheIndianConstitutionof1950contained29states.
The29stateswereclassifiedinto4parts.
PartAcontained9erstwhilegovernorsprovincesofBritishIndia.
PartBcontained9erstwhileprincelystateswithlegislatures.
PartCcontained10states.(ErstwhileChiefCommissionersprovincesofBritishIndia
andsomeoftheerstwhileprincelystates).
InPartDtheAndamanandNicobarIslandswerekeptasthesolitary(lonely).
InJanuary2012,theDMK(DravidaMunnetraKazhagam)demandedthatthetaluksof
DevikulamandPeermedu,nowinKeralaandformingpartsofcatchmentofPeriyarriver
bemergedwithTamilNadu.ThisdemandwasfirstmadebyDMKwaybackin1956and
1957.
The decision for the creation of a new state Telenagana has been announced by the
CongressWorkingCommitteeonJuly30,2013.Atthesametimethedormantdemands
fromvariousstateshavebeensurfaced.
Paschimanchal,HaritPradesh,Bundelkhand,AwadhPradeshandPurvanchalinthestate
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ofUttarPradesh.
VidarbhainMaharashtra
GorkhalandinWestBengal
BodolandandKarbiAnglonginAssam
On December 4, 2013 the GoM (Group of Ministers) submitted its final
recommendationstotheCabinet.

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