Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Assessment Task

LAB REPORT 2 : 3 INDUCTION MACHINES

Course Code

BEE 2123

Course Name

ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Week/Session/Year

2012/2013

Lecturer

EN. WAN ISMAIL BIN

IBRAHIM

Student Number

EA11071

Name

MUHAMMAD RASHIDI BIN AB RAZAK

Section

02

Mark/Grade
(For official use)
Marker's
Comments

Since this work counts toward your formal assessment for this course, please write your name
and student number where indicated above, and sign the declaration below. Attach this
cover sheet to the front of your submission, so that your name and student number can be
seen without any cover needing to be opened.
I declare that this assessment item is my own work, except where acknowledged, and has
not been submitted for academic credit elsewhere, and acknowledge that the assessor of
this item may, for the purpose of assessing this item:

Reproduce this assessment item and provide a copy to another member of the
University ; and/or,
Communicate a copy of this assessment item to a plagiarism checking service (which may
then retain a copy of the assessment item on its database for the purpose of future
plagiarism checking).
I certify that I have read and understood the University Rules in respect of Student Academic
Misconduct.
Signature of student : ___rashidi_____

Date : 22/5/2013

LAB 2 : 3 INDUCTION MACHINES

ABSTRACT
An induction motor is an AC motor in
which current is induced in the rotor
winding by the magnetic field of the stator
winding, and also by electromagnetic
induction. Therefore the sliding electric
contacts, such as a commutator or slip
rings they do not require, which are need
to transfer current to the rotor winding in
other types of motor such as the universal
motor. Rotor windings are made in two
types, which are the wound rotor and the
squirrel-cage rotor and it consist shortcircuited loops of conductors.
OBJECTIVE
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Develop connection wiring for

three phase induction machines
Apply the principles of 3
induction machines to operate the
machine
Conduct test on the machines to
determine
equivalent
circuit
parameters of the machines
Analyse the relation of speed and
torque production of the machine

INTRODUCTION
I.

BASIC OPERATION
Ac motors are used worldwide in many
residential, commercial, industrial, and
utility applications. Motors transform
electrical machines to mechanical energy.
AC motors are found on a variety of
applications from those that require a
single motor to applications requiring
several motors. In principle, 3 phase
current will flow in the windings when a 3
phase stator winding is connected to a 3
phase voltage supply, hence the stator is
energized. A rotating flux is produced in
the air gap. The flux induces a voltage in
the rotor winding. This flux will rotate at a
speed which is call a synchronous speed,

ns. The flux is called as rotating magnetic

field. If rotor circuit is closed then the
induced voltage produces rotor current.
The rotor current interacts with the flux ,
producing torque. The rotor rotates in the
direction of the rotating flux. The rotor
speed of an induction machine is different
from the speed of rotating magnetic field
and the percentage difference of the speed
is called slip. Induction machine is
composed of stator circuit and rotor
circuit. The equivalent circuit always bases
on the Y connection regardless of the
actual connection of the motor.
II.

TEST ON INDUCTION MACHINES

A. The No-load Test

In this test, the winding of the induction
machines is left open by removing load
from the shaft while the other is excited by
applying the rated voltage and rated
frequency. The connection diagram for the
open-circuit test is connected with
ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter at lowvoltage side as shown in Fig. 1 (a). During
the no-load test, the machine runs at a very
small slip such as sufficient enough to
generate stray and friction loss, core loss
and also a certain amount of stator copper
loss. Based on the no-load test, the core
resistance, Rc and the magnetizing
reactance, Xm can be determined.
Anyhow, Rc is assumed negligible for later
stage of calculation.
B. The Blocked-rotor Test
This test is designed to determine the
series impedances of the induction
machine. The rotor is locked and low
voltage supply at reduced frequency is
applied so that rated current flows in this
test. The test arrangement is shown in Fig.
1 (c). From the test, blocked-rotor
resistance,
RBR
and
blocked-rotor
reactances, XBR can be determined.
Furthermore, it depending on the type of

motor in according to NEMA design Xs

and XR can be determined by using
empirical table. Theres no mention the
type of NEMA design, Xs and XR can be
assumed as half the blocked-rotor
reactances example is 0.5XBR.
C. DC Resistance Test
The DC Resistance test is to measure
stator resistance, Rs of the induction
machine. The test could be performed by
measuring the resistance between any two
of stator terminals of the induction motor
by using a digital multimeter or otherwise
using dc test as shown in Fig. 2. The value
of stator resistance is based on average dc
resistance per stator phase.

III.

SPEED
CONTROL
INDUCTION MACHINES

OF

a) Varying rotor resistance

Varying rotor resistance is meant
for wound rotor only. While the
speed is decreasing, the maximum
torque
is
kept
constant.
Nonetheless, the speed at which
maximum torque occurs changes
from one to another. Main
disadvantages of this type of speed
control is large speed regulation
and power loss in Rext, hence
reduce the efficiency.
b) Varying supply voltage
Maximum torque changes for this
type of control speed. The speed
which at maximum torque occurs is
constant. It is considered as
relatively simple method and uses
power electronics circuit for
voltage
controller.
A main
disadvantage of this type of control
speed is large speed regulation.
c) Varying supply voltage and supply
frequency
Considered as the best method
since supply voltage and supply
frequency is varied to keep V/f
constant. It uses power electronics
circuit for frequency and voltage
controller. The advantages of this
type of speed control are the speed
regulation is maintained and
constant maximum torque.

EXPERIMENT APPARATUS
1. 3 Isolating Transformer 300 VA
(SO3636-2G)
2. LN 230 / 440 V 3 IM 4-pole 50
Hz, 0.3 kW squirrel-cage 0.79 p.f.
(SE2663-1K)
3. LN Analog Digital Multimeter
600 V, 20 A (SO5127-1Z)
4. LN 400 V Servo-drives 107 kW
(SE2663)
5. Control Unit for Servo-brake
1.7kW (SO3636-6R)
EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTIONS
A. DC Resistance Test
1. All the supplies are make sure
switched off. The resistance
between any two stator terminals of
induction motor by using a digital
multimeter and connection in Yconnected is measured. The
average dc resistance per stator
phase is obtained.
B. No-load Test
1. Connection as in Figure 3 is
constructed for no-load test. The
connection is checked with
instructor BEFORE switching-on
the equipment.
2. The supply is switch-ON and
power, voltage, current and cos
are measured and recorded for noload test. The equipment is switchOFF after recording all the
parameters.
C. Blocked-rotor Test
1. The
circuit
connection
is
maintained as in previous no-load
test, like Figure 3 for this blockedrotor test. The connection is
checked with instructor BEFORE
switching-on the equipment.
2. For safety reason, the voltage level
is checked with the instructor.
3. The end shaft to Servo-drives to
block the movement of the shat is
connected.

4. The main switch is turn-on and

quickly recorded power, voltage,
current and cos for the blockedrotor test. Turn OFF the supply
afterwards is quickly.
D. Speed-control
1. The
induction
machines
is
connected with control unit for
servo brake as shown in figure 4.
The connection is checked with
your instructor.
2. The machines is turn ON for free
running. The rotor speed of the
motor is observed and recorded for
slip calculation in later stage. Note
also the torque and current.
3. The module is setting to speed
control. The module is running.
The speed, torque, slip and current
is observe and recorded when
loaded.
4. The speed is slowly decrease and
recorded at least 4 point of the
speed, torque, slip and current as
shown in Table.

RESULT

d) Speed Control

a) DC Resistance Test
U1 U2
V1 V2
W1 W2

23.6
23.6
23.6
Table 1

b) No-Load Test
PNL
VNL
INL
COS NL
Frequency

35.86 W
167.8 V
0.21 A
0.338
50 Hz

Table 2
Results from Table 2 for the measurement
NL
IC
IM
RC
XM

Torqu
e
(Nm)

Speed,nr
(rpm)

Slip
,
s

s
(%
)

Curre
nt (A)

0.95

1500=MAX
=ns

0.00

1.60

0.75

0.80

252

0.88

500

0.90

750

0.95

1000

0.95
1=MA
X

54.02
0.1234 A
0.1699 A
785.0841
570.2141

0.83
2
0.66
7
0.50

0.33
3
1200
0.20
0.09
1645
6
Table 7

10
0
83.
2
66.
7
50.
0
33.
3
20
9.6

1.36
1.41
1.49
1.49
1.52
1.56
0.54

Table 3
Result from Table 3 by using calculation
c) Blocked-Rotor Test
PBR
VBR
IBR
COS BR
Frequency

0.24 kW
158.3 V
1.53 A
0.224
50 Hz

Table 4
Result from Table 4 for the measurement
Motor
Class A
BR
ZBR
RBR
XBR

XS
0.5XBR
Table 5

XR
0.5XBR

55.10
34.1771+j48.9918
34.1771
48.9918
Table 6
Result from Table 6 by using calculation

Graph 1
IS
XS
RS
XR
XM
RR/S

1.5162 A
24.4959
15
24.4959
545.7182
23.0494
Table 8

DISCUSSION
The result in the DC resistance test
is same which is the value is 23.6 . Then,
the result in No-Load test is in table 2 for
the measurement and for table 3 by using
calculation. Besides that, the result in

Blocked-Rotor Test are in result from the

table 4 for the measurement and table 6 by
using calculation.
From the graph 1, we can conclude
that the torque increased when the speed
increased but at the certain point, the
torque will decrease although the speed
was still decrease.
During conducting the experiment,
there are some error occur. To overcome
this problem, the systematical errors like
instrumental error should be take note.
Instrumental errors is due to inherit short
coming in the instruments (may be caused
by the construction, calibration or
operation of mechanical structure in the
instruments). So, before we do this
experiments, we need make sure the
procedure of measurement in this
experiment must be carefully planned and
the instrument must in carefully recalibration and the errors also can be
detect after the correctly factors is applied.
Besides that, we also detect the
other error during this lab season which is
gross error. It is the error generally the
fault of the person using the instruments
such as reading of instruments incorrect,
recording of experimental data incorrect or
data use of instruments incorrect. So, we
must to be great care when taken in
reading, recording the data and also use
different experimenters to prevent from
this happen when take two or more other
readings. Then, we can get correct value
reading of instrument, recording of
experimental correct or data use of
instruments correct.
CONCLUSION
As the experiment finish, all data was
completely recorded. All the objectives of
this
experiment
were
successfully
complete. Then, measured, determined and
interpreted the parameters of machines and
torquespeed characteristics of rotating
machines is obtained. So, the experiment
was succeed fully.

REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_mot
or

BEE/BEP/1112I/LAB1
Appendix

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY REPORT
BEE2123 ELECTRICAL MACHINES
SEMESTER II SESSION 2012/13

Students Name: MUHAMMAD RASHIDI BIN AB

RAZAK
ID No:
EA11071
Lab
Report:

Courtesy of Dr Hamdan Daniyal - 2011

2
Student
Assess

Background /
theory /
expected
result
Experiment
details

Result
Presentations
3

Discussion
5
Conclusion
6
Reference
7

Proper introduction,
guiding reader to
topic discussed

10

Details with all

important
information (tools,
model no, location,
etc). Repeatability is
high.
Clear, neat
presentation. High
readability.
Complete with
labels, title, axes,
etc
Critical, out of box
thinking, alternative
prespective.
Concise. Factual.

20

Conclude nicely as
the objectives.
Results support
conclusion.
Credible reference,
primer source such
as Journal,
Proceeding etc.

10

Poor introduction, too

short (leaving reader
clueless) or too long
(irrelevant info).
Contains most of
important information,
but lack of details.
Hard to replicate the
experiment.

Not introduce
the topic at all.

10

Impossible to
replicate the
experiment at
all because
not enough
information
No results or
zero
readability of
the result.

Unable to
discuss the
rationale
behind the
result.
Irrelevant
conclusion.

Lack of
resources.

20

Result presented but

at low readability.
Reader has to guess
some of the missing
information.

10

30

Typical discussion.
Too straight forward.
Predictable. -ORSpeculate without
evidence.
Lack of correlation
between conclusion
and the results.

15

10

Good amount of
reference, but less
credible (website, wiki,
etc)

Copy and paste every

now and then.

Lecturer
Assess

SUMMATION
Originality
8

Write using own

words. All copy &
paste sentences are
properly quoted and
cited.

0.8

Too many
0.5
copy and
paste. Taking
credit of other
people's job.
FINAL MARKS

Marker's Comment:
Since this work counts toward your formal assessment for this course, please write your name and student number where indicated above, and put down your
signature. Attached this cover sheet to the front of your summission, so that your name and student number can be seen without needing to open the frontpage.
EA11071, hereby declare that this assessment item is my OWN WORK, except where acknoledged, and has not been
submitted for academic credit elsewhere, and acknoledge that the assessor of this item may, for the purpose of assessing this item:
* Preproduce this assessment item and provide a copy to the Faculty / University; and / or
* Communicate a copy of this assessment item to a plagiarism checking services (which may then retain a copy of the assessment item on its database for
the purpose of future plagiarism checking).
I, MUHAMMAD RASHIDI BIN AB RAZAK

I, MUHAMMAD RASHIDI BIN AB RAZAK, EA11071

hereby verify that have read and understood the University Rules in respect to Student Academic Misconduct.

rashidi
Students signature

Date :22/5/2013

MRM
0510