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1. INTRODUCTION
in diameter and are formed as a result of oxygen
diffusion ahead of a scale front where they precipitate
from solid solution at elevated temperatures. In carbon
steels, they often are accompanied by localized
decarburization[2].
While IO has been observed to occur from damage as
late as the first roughing stand, since the internal oxides
form at elevated temperatures they are generally
believed to be an evidence of the defect present in the
slab before reheating.
Consequently, slivers with IO are commonly presumed
to be the result open or coarse cracks on the cast slab,
indicating a problem with the casting operation. A
considerable share of sliver defects also has scale
present along the lamination,
yet, because of the absence or only weak presence of
internal oxidation in the sliver region, the hot rolling
stage is attributed to be the cause. However, FeO-type
sliver defects can occur with or without dispersed
oxides often referred to as internal oxidation[3].
Some slivers were found from mold slag entrainment,
Mold fluxes not melting homogenously tend to have
several phases with areas of high melting and low
viscosity oxides, which are available for entrapment,
Mold fluxes during strand startup do not immediately
supply the necessary liquid layer essential for
lubrication, and consist of a combination of dry
powder, semi-molten and molten [4]
Although several experiments have been conducted to
establish how the defects form/evolve from slab to
strip,
many
questions
remain.
Si
Cu
Cr
Ni
Mo
A
B
C
D
E
0,016
0,029
0,016
0,015
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,03
0,01
0,01
0,02
0,02
0,03
0,02
0,02
0,04
0,03
0,03
0,02
0,02
0,006
0,004
0,007
0,007
0,002
0,004
0,005
0,004
0,003
0,002
0,04
0,034
0,04
0,188
0,106
0,24
0,28
0,26
0,56
0,35
0,019
0,015
0,013
0,018
0,01
0,007
0,007
0,007
0,0096
0,0101
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The Scientific Bulletin of VALAHIA University MATERIALS and MECHANICS Nr. 7 (year 10) 2012
manganese content between 0.26% and 0.56%. In the
case of another chemical elements from strips
composition the variation range is quite small.
In Fig.1A-D are presented the defects on the surfaces of
coils and the position for metallographic specimens
cutting. So, for example for A coil, the specimens 1 and
2 have been cut transversal and 3 longitudinal with
respect to the rolling direction.
examination
of
etched
Figure 4. Metallographic
specimens (A coil; x500)
examination
of
etched
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The Scientific Bulletin of VALAHIA University MATERIALS and MECHANICS Nr. 7 (year 10) 2012
the defect from Fig.1A on the metallographic analysis
didn`t been observed oxydized zones inside the strip but
only surface iregullarities. Consequently, we believe the
defect has been removed by pickling.
In Fig.1C is presented the C coils surface defect and the
position of metallographic specimens cutting.
The un-etched image of superficial defect shows iron
oxides disposed under the strip surface at the depths
which vary between 10m and 20m and defect
thickness varies between 10 and 15m.
The same results has been shown in Fig.5 for the
specimen no.2, which is at 3cm distance from the
specimen no.1.
Figure 7. Metallographic
specimens (C coil; x500)
examination
of
etched
Figure 6. Metallographic
specimens (C coil; x100)
examination
of
etched
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The Scientific Bulletin of VALAHIA University MATERIALS and MECHANICS Nr. 7 (year 10) 2012
the thickness and the absence of decarburization
along the iron oxides from the surface.
In Fig.10 is shown the defect zone at x500
magnification and can be observed the decarburized
zone over the defect.
Metallographic
examination
at
the
same
magnification performed over another zone of the
specimen far away from the defect is shown a
decarburized zone with the same depth as in Fig.10.
3. CONCLUSIONS:
Figure 11. Metallographic examination of un-etched
specimens (E coil)
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The Scientific Bulletin of VALAHIA University MATERIALS and MECHANICS Nr. 7 (year 10) 2012
The presence of iron oxide clearly indicates that no
other inclusions of any kind are defect connected.
4. REFERENCES:
[1].P. Zahumensky, M. Merwin, Evolution of artificial
defects from slab to rolled products, Journal of materials
processing technology 1 9 6 (2 0 0 8 ) 266278.
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