UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEMB331-MACHINE DESIGN & CAD LAB

EXP. TITLE

: Crank and Slotted Lever QRM

AUTHOR

: Dr. Saiful Hasmady bin Abu Hassan

SECTION

: 02

GROUP NUMBER : 1
GROUP MEMBER:

1. Abdullah Helmi bin Isahak (ME094992)

2. Hamzah Ariff bin Ramlan (ME094977)
3. Muhamad Aiman bin Jalani (ME094966)
4. Nadzirah bt Mohd Nasir (ME094975)
5. Nurul Waheeda bt Khamaruddin (ME095205)

Performed Date

Due Date*

Submitted Date

14th JUNE 2016

21st JUNE 2016

20 JUNE 2016

OBJECTIVES

This experiment was done to know how the kinematic motion of a Crank and
Slotted Lever Quick Return mechanism works. Besides, it is also to prove the
principle of quick return mechanism and to know how the efficiency of this
mechanism would be than usual when this was applied.

DATA, OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

Experimetal

Theoretical

Slider

Slider

Crank

Position,x,

Position,x,

Angle

(mm)

(mm)

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280

67
75
83
90
98
105
112
118
122
125
127
128
125
121
115
105
95
82
67
52
40
28
22
15
11
9
8
10
13

Theoretical
Crosshead
Percentage
Error (%)

67
75.35
82.23
90.57
98.25
104.9
111.8
118.2
121.3
125.3
126.8
127.9
125.1
120.3
115.2
104.7
95.1
82.09
66.4
52.26
39.59
28.19
22.02
14.55
11.24
8.469
8.242
9.946
12.75

0
0.61
0.94
0.63
0.25
0.09
0.18
0.17
0.57
0.24
0.16
0.08
0.08
0.58
0.17
0.29
0.1
0.11
0.9
0.49
1.03
0.67
0.09
3.09
2.14
6.27
2.94
0.54
1.96

Experimenta

Velocity

Crosshead

(mm/degree)

Velocity (mm
1
0.98
0.94
0.86
0.76
0.64
0.5
0.34
0.17
0
-0.17
-0.34
-0.5
-0.64
-0.77
-0.87
-0.94
-0.98
-1
-0.98
-0.94
-0.87
-0.77
-0.64
-0.5
-0.34
-0.17
0
0.17

290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360

18
22
28
35
42
50
59
67

18.03
21.27
28.27
34.85
41.92
50.16
58.32
67.27

0.16
3.43
0.96
0.43
0.19
0.32
1.17
0.4

Table 1
1. Calculation for theoretical slider position as below:
OB= 40 mm, AC= 240mm
When is 0 and 180, x = 67mm
BE= OB sin
AB= (OB + OA - 2(OB)(OA) cos (180- )
CD= (BE/AB) * AC
= [ (OB sin ) / (OB + OA - 2(OB)(OA) cos (180- ) ] * 240
2. Sample calculations:
CD= [ (40sin10) / (40 + 160 - 2(40)(160) cos (170) ] * 240
=8.355mm
Xtheoretical = 67 + 8.355
= 75. 35mm
3. Calculation for theoretical crosshead velocity as below:
v = dx/dt ------ (1)
using chain rule,
v = (dx/d) * (d/dt) ----- (2)

0.34
0.5
0.64
0.77
0.87
0.94
0.98
1

From 2, we assume,
(d/dt) = 1
Hence,
v = dx/d ----- (3)
x = sin
dx/d = cos
v = cos
4. Sample calculations:
v = cos
= cos 10
= 0.98mm/s
5. Calculation for theoretical crosshead velocity as below:
From --- (1),
(dx/d) = (x/)
=[ x(before) x(current) ] / [ (before) (current) ]
6. Sample calculations:
(dx/d) = (x/)
=[ x(before) x(current) ] / [ (before) (current) ]
=[7567] / [ 10-0 ]
= 0.8mm/s
7. Sample calculation of percentage of the crank revolution occupied by
each stroke:
Percentage of the crank revolution

occupied by each stroke

= (angle occupied / 360) *

100
Cutting stroke = 210,
Hence, the percentage is = (210/360) * 100 = 58.33%
Return stroke = 130,
Hence, the percentage is = (130/360) * 100 = 36.11%
8. Sample calculation to calculate increase in effieciency:
Increase in efficiency =
(Percentage of crank revolution stroke Percentage of crank in return
stroke) / 2
Hence, the increase in efficiency is = (58.33%- 36.11%) / 2 = 11.11%

Crosshead Position against Crank Angle

140
Return
120
Stroke

Cutting

Cutting

100
80

Crosshead Position, Experimental

(mm)
60

Theoritical

40
20
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Crank Angle,(degrees)

350

400

Graph 1

Experimental crosshead velocity against Crank angle

1.5
1

Return Stroke
0.5

Crosshead velocity, (mm/ degree)

0
-0.5

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

-1
-1.5

Cutting
Stroke

Cutting
Stroke

-2

Crank Angle, (degrees)

Graph 2

Theoretical Crosshead Velocity vs Crank Angle

1.5

Return1
Stroke
0.5

Crosshead Velocity, (mm/s)

0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

-0.5
-1

Cutting

-1.5

Cutting
stroke
Crank Angle, ( degrees)

350

400

Graph 3

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS

From Table 1 above, it can be observed that there are a slight error on the
percentage error between experimental values and theoretical values. The
highest percentage errors that have been calculated is 6.27% which is from
crank angle of 250. This kind of error might come from the parallax error at
the time where the observer was taking the reading of slider position.
From the Table 1 also, the experimental results prove the predictions from
the theory are correct. The graph of crosshead position against crank angle
are well plotted on the same line indicates that the experimental result
agreed with the theory.
Besides, the rotation for cutting and return stroke was determined from the
graph. Basically the return stroke is faster than cutting stroke due to the
present of disc. The return stroke takes parts from (120 250) while the
cutting stroke from (0 110 and 260 360). From the calculation, it can
be said that return stroke have less percentage of crank revolution than the
cutting one as it took 36.11 % from the full revolution while cutting took
58.33 % .
Theoretically, the motion of slider was influenced by the disc. The slider will
move from left to right or right to left at various speeds whenever the disc
was rotated. It was known as quick return mechanism because the slider will
reach the maximum position and return to the minimum position at a quick
rate. Hence, it can prove this is the quick return mechanism as the return
stroke occupied 36.11% from one cycle less than the cutting stroke which
58.33%.
The increase in efficiency also was calculated in order to see how far the
mechanisms works if this was applied. It shows that the mechanism will
works 11.11% more efficiency than usual whenever this is applied.

CONCLUSIONS
From this experiment, the results satisfied the objective stated which is to
know how the kinematic motion of a Crank and Slotted Lever Quick Return
mechanism works. The slider will move from left to right or right to left at
various speeds whenever the disc was rotated. It was known as quick return
mechanism because the slider will reach the maximum position and return to
the minimum position at a quick rate.
Another objective is also been satisfied where to confirm that the quick return motion may
increase the efficiency of the machine tool because it can reduce the rotation angle for the return
stroke for the piston. With the help of the crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism has
showes to us that the difference of rotation angle for cutting and returning stroke may increase
the efficiency of machine tool. In conclude, to get high performance of the machine, it must have
high efficiency of the machine tool.

REFERENCES
1. MEMB331 : Machine Design and CAD Lab Manual
2.

https://books.google.com.my/books?

id=ZhLw_ita62cC&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=is+the+return+stroke+faster+than+cutting+stroke&source=bl&ot
s=DLZzT533Sn&sig=Vbzia3hTsgtCBRtnf075AfAmlss&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=is%20the
%20return%20stroke%20faster%20than%20cutting%20stroke&f=false

APPENDICES