IGC1.

4 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROLS

DO 2

1.

(a) Explain the criteria that must be met for the assessment to be deemed suitable and
sufficient.
The term suitable and sufficient is important as it defines the limits to the risk
assessment process. A suitable and sufficient risk assessment should:

Identify the significant risks and ignore the trivial ones;

Identify and priorities the measures required to comply with any relevant statutory
provisions;

Remain appropriate to the nature of the work and valid over a reasonable period of
time;

Identify the risk arising from or in connection with the work. The level of detail should
be proportionate to the risk.
(b) Outline the FIVE key stages of the risk assessment process, identifying the issues that
would need to be considered at EACH stage.
Below are the five key stages of Risk Assessment,
1) Identify the hazards
Such as, oxygen deficiency in a confined space, availability of toxic gases inside
2) Identify the people who might be harmed and how
Such as, the person entering into confined space, possibility of be unconsciousness or
death of person entering into confined space.
3) Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions
Such as,high risk and need of gas test and proper natural & positive ventilation
arrangement before carrying out the work.
4) Record the significant findings and implement them
5) Review and update as necessary
(c) Outline THREE reasons for reviewing a risk assessment.
There are many reasons which cause to review of risk assessment, some of them are as
below,
1) A risk assessment need to be review if any major accident took place in a workplace
which may or may not resulted into any personal injury. In such cases as proactive
method risk assessment shows the lacks and gaps which lead to an accident. It also
helps us to identify any hidden hazards and they will be cured.
2) A risk assessment need to be review if any enforcement agency issues a noncompliance to organisation. i.e. if they found some lacks in our health & safety culture
on workplace which may lead to any possible harm / accident.

3) A risk assessment need to be review if any process or product changes in an

organisation. Due to some modification in process or products, hazards and its
consequences will also be changed and they must be identify before start the work or
involving people in it.
2. A plastic manufacturing company has moved to a new larger site and a program of
general risk assessment needs to be undertaken.
(a) Outline the factors that should be considered when planning the risk assessment
programme.
While carrying out a risk assessment of plastic manufacturing company at new site,
below factors should be considered.

Identify the hazards e.g. the environmental conditions in the workplace, which is
adequate to the process and individuals working.

Legal compliances of the local government which need to follow by the organisation.

As the manufacturing unit is relocating on different place, the machinery need to reinstall and due to such changes it might be possibility of any abnormality in
workplace.

People who are involved should be assessed.

Need to assess the surrounding industries whether any hazardous substances or
risks are there.

Nearby emergency services and medical facilities distance and contact details.

Due to change in environment any process need to be modify or not.

Storage and handling of raw material and products in new warehouse need to
review.

Adequate induction trainings to employees.
(b) Identify the important characteristic required of the risk assessment team to
ensure that it has the necessary competence.

A risk assessment team must have understanding of legal requirement than can be
interpreted.

Risk assessment team must have adequate competency in terms of the activity.

A risk assessment team should have proper report writing skills

They must have adequate knowledge of nature of hazards they are identifying.

(c) Outline the content of a training course for the risk assessment team.
Risk assessment team should be trained on below contents,

Legal requirement with respect to risk assessment.

Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating risks.

Identification and selection of appropriate control measures.

Awareness of individual own limitations.

Assessing source of information.

Report writing skills.

Interpretation of any local regulations and standards.

Means available for communicating the outcomes of the risk assessment.
3. (a) Outline the hazards that might be encountered in a busy hotel kitchen.
In a busy hotel kitchen might found below possible hazards,

As it says busy hotel kitchen, there would be more people working in same
workplace with different activities.

While cutting the vegetables or similar thing, it results cut injury also to the person.

Due to availability of flammable gas cylinders or pipe line, cooking oils; fire and
explosion hazard is also there.

Many portable electrical equipment also being using in hotel kitchen so
electrocution may be occur.

As it shows busy kitchen, due to poor housekeeping; slip, trip and fall hazard might
be there.

Any hot surface or hot liquid, people may receive burns with it.

Due to hot fumes of cooking oil and food, there would be possibility of suffocation
there.
(b) Identify SIX hazards that might be considered when assessing the risk to the health
and safety of a multi-storey car park attendant.
In a multi-storey car park there would be below possible hazards,

Vehicle may hit with another vehicle, column or wall of parking area.

Lone working

There is possible fire and explosion hazards where in such quantity of fuel powered
machines available.

Peoples health also could be affected due to smoke generated from vehicles.

Noise hazard is also possible due to movement of vehicles.

Vehicle may fall from upper floor if any mechanical fault caused.

Electrical hazards are also possible there, as artificial illumination arrangements are
there.

(c) Outline the hazards that might be encountered by a gardener employed by a local
authority parks department.
In a public garden a garner might be at risk from below mentioned hazards,

As gardener is dealing with insecticides chemicals, he might be affected due to such
poisonous chemicals.

He might be injured due to the tools using for digging e.g. shovels & spades.

A gardener might get cut injuries from scissors as he has to cut the leaves of plants.

He might suffer from ultra violet rays as he has to work in direct sun light.

A gardener might face dust exposure.

Any uncontrolled vehicle from nearby road may rush into the garden and may hit to
the gardener.

He might have to work with grass / bushes cutter machine, it might be risk of
electrocution or slip, trip and fall due to electric cables.

The gardener may suffer from any muscular skeleton diseases or work related upper
limb disorder due to continuous working in same posture for manual grass cutting or
digging activity.

Some environmental hazards are also possible as insects or snake bites while
working.
4. (a) Define the meaning of the term young person as used in health and safety
legislation.
A person is entering into an organisation is new to the workplace and is not competent
or inexperienced about the activities of the organisation can elaborate as young
person.
(b) Identify FOUR personal factors that may place young persons at a greater risk
from workplace hazards.

Young workers are over enthusiastic.

Their poor perception of work.

Lack of experience.

Lack of knowledge.

Take more risk.

Peer group pressure.

Less developed communication skill.

(c) Outline the factors to be taken into account when undertaking a risk assessment on
young persons who are to be employed in the workplace.

Cary out risk assessment specifically with young person in mind.

Prohibit a young person from doing high risk activities or dangerous jobs.

Restrict work pattern and hours, no night shifts or overtime given.

Provide a greater degree of training and supervision to them.

Provide mentors to monitor and supervise them closely.

Provide specific health surveillance.

5. (a) Identify work activities that may present a particular risk to pregnant women at
work giving an example of each type of activity.

Working with certain hazardous chemicals (e.g. Lead) may affect pregnant women
very badly.

Exposed with certain biological agents (e.g. rubella virus)

Manual handling activities (e.g. lifting, carrying, pushing, pulling etc.)

Extremes of temperature may harm their physically.

Ionizing radiation (e.g. X-rays etc.)

Night shift work.

Stress due to over working or management targets completions on time.

Smoking (active or passive) at work place.
(b) Outline the factors that the employer should consider when undertaking a specific
risk assessment in relation to a pregnant employees.
While carrying out a risk assessment in relation to a pregnant employee below factors
should be consider,

Environmental condition of the workplace Temperature or humidity

Availability of any hazardous chemicals or their fumes.
Possibility of any slip, trip hazards.
Location of work place workplace - Is on upper floors
Emergency escape route positioning.
Pregnant employees workplace near to the escape route.
Proper arrangement of welfare facilities.
Emergency medical aids availability.
Working hours or job rotation.
No manual handling by the pregnant employee.

6. Outline the issues that should be considered to ensure the health and safety of
disabled workers in the workplace.
Below issues should be considered to ensure health and safety of disabled workers in
the workplace,

Their work station should be near to the emergency escape route.

There should be an arrangement of wheel chair or similar to move them quickly in
the case of any emergency evacuation required.

Do not let them leave alone at workplace.

Proper adjustable arrangement should be there if disabled worker is working with
display screen equipment or any bench top mounted equipment.

There should be some communication devices attached with the person.

Adequate sanitary facilities should be there according to their disability.
7. Outline the issues that should be considered to ensure the health and safety of
cleaners employed in a school out of normal working hours.
Below issues shall be considered to ensure the health and safety of cleaners employed
in a school out of normal working hours,

A proper risk assessment should be conduct, if required.

There should be proper tools for cleaners to conduct their work.

Less harmful cleaning agents should be use.

Proper illumination arrangement should be there, if work is going on after sunset
also.

Any electrical equipment if being used, should be PAT tested and should be well
maintained.

All the electrical fittings and cables of the school building should be well maintained
and no open fitting should be tolerated.

Evacuation plan of school building should be briefed and understood by the
cleaners.

Any relevant training should be given, if require.
8. (a) Identify the personal factors that may increase the risk to an individual who is
required to work alone away from their workplace.
Below are the personal factors that may increase the risk to an individual who is
required to work alone away from their workplace,

They may be more at risk of violence; particularly if the worker is exposed to violent
people (prison staff or mental health nurse)

They may be more at risk if they are injured or fall ill certain types of work involve a
high risk personal injury or ill health (confined space entry)

In the situation more precautionary measures to be adopted to protect the workers.

(b) Describe the controls that employers could implement to help minimize the risk to
lone workers.

No lone working for certain high risk activities (e.g. confined space entry)
Arrangement for remote supervision (e.g. CCTV camera monitoring)
Ensure good communication methods.
Issue of alarm system.
Proper training and monitoring.

9 a. List SIX of the general principles of prevent of risk control

Elimination
Substitution /Reduction
Engineering Controls Insulation; Isolation and Ventilation
Administrative Controls Signage; Training; Safe Systems of working
Personal Protective Equipment
Health Surveillance

b. outline, with examples the standard hierarchy of control that should be applied when
controlling health and safety risks in the workplace

Elimination ex: automation of work procedure

Substitution / Reduction ex: - replacing a toxic chemical with non-toxic chemical or
reducing the duration of the time exposed to a harmful substance

Engineering Controls ex: Local exhaust ventilation system installed in a chemical lab

Administrative controls ex: use of Permit to Work system

Personal Protective equipment ex: Hard hats, Gloves etc.

Health Surveillance ex: carrying out audiometry test to check workers hearing ability
10. Outline the possible consequences of poor standards of housekeeping on health and
safety in the workplace

Slips and trips

Poor hygiene

Fire hazards

Rat infestation

11. Identify the shape and colour, and give a relevant example, of each of the following types
of safety sign:
a. prohibition a red circular band with diagonal crossbar on a white background, the symbol
within the circle to be black denoting a safety sign that indicates that a certain behavior is
prohibited.
b. warning a yellow triangle with black border and symbol within the yellow area denoting a
safety sign that gives warning of a hazard
c. mandatory a blue circle with white symbol denoting a sign that indicates that a specific
course of action must be taken
d. safe condition a green oblong or square with symbol or text in white denoting a safety sign
providing information about the safe condition

12. explain why personal protective equipment should be considered as a last resort in
the control of occupational health hazards.

Only protects the person wearing the equipment, not other persons nearby

Relies on people wearing the equipment at all times

Must be used properly

Must be replaced when it no longer offers the correct level of protection

Depends upon the comfort of the user

Incompatibility with other personal protective equipment worn to be considered

Does not remove the hazard

Poor selection of the PPE could be another issue

13. Outline FOUR sources of internal and FOUR sources of external information that may
be consulted when dealing with a health and safety issue in the workplace
Internal sources:

Accident and ill health records

Risk Assessments

Inspection records

Health and Safety Policy
External sources:

ILO codes of practice

National and international laws
HSE publications
European and British standards

14. a. Explain the meaning of the term safe system of work

It is a defined method of doing a job in a safe way by foreseeing hazards and
taking precautions.
b. State the legal requirements for an employer to provide a safe system of work to an
employee

Article 10(a) requires of the ILO Recommendation R164 requires employers to
provide necessary safe procedures and systems to carry out work more safely in
a workplace.
c. outline the factors that should be considered when developing a safe system of work

Types of risk involved in the operation

Magnitude of the risk, including consideration of the worst forseeable loss
Complexity of the operation
Past accidents and loss experience
Legal requirements
Type of documentation needed
Resources availability

d. outline SIX issues that should be addressed during the preparation of a safe system of
work.

The work to be done

Potential hazards
The operators competency
Requirement of special tools and equipment
Requirement of permit to work document
Emergency arrangements that need to be put in place

15. a define the term permit to work system

A formal written document that identifies hazards and necessary precautions to carry
out a critical task within a specific period of time.
b. outline five types of work situation that may require a permit to work system , giving
reasons in EACH case for the requirement

Confined Space due to oxygen deficiency, a worker may suffer fatal accident
Hot work may result in Fire and Explosion due to the nature of the work
High voltage due to the risk of electrocution and subsequent death
Excavations risk of drowning and cave-in issues
Work at Height fall from height often results in head injuries and fatal

c. outline the details that a permit to work should specify

location of the activity

hazards involved
precautions put in place
special tools and equipment that may be required
emergency arrangements that are in place
time validity
authorization details

16. with reference to confined space

a. explain the meaning of confined space giving four workplace examples

a place with restricted movement and usually with one entry and exit available.
Example: Silo; Vat; Tank; Pit; Sewer etc
b. outline specific hazards associated with working in confined spaces

Oxygen deficiency
Environmental hazards
Manual Handling
Slips and trips
Sudden influx of water

c. Outline the controls that should be in place to ensure the safety of employees undertaking
maintenance work in an underground storage vessel

carrying out atmosphere tests

competency of the worker
suitable PPE such as respirators etc
emergency arrangements

17a. Identify FOUR types of emergency procedure that an organization might need to
have in place

Medical
Fire
Chemical or Gas Leak
Natural calamities

b. outline reasons why workplace emergency procedures should be practiced

to ensure that everyone is alerted with the situation

everyone in the site knows how to react to a situation
emergency routes are kept clear
to check the sufficiency of the procedures
to identify any gaps and lapses in carrying safe evacuation

c. explain why visitors to a workplace should be informed of the emergency procedures

unaware of the layout of the organization

unaware of the hazards in the workplace

unaware of the evacuation procedures

18. a identify the two main functions of first aid treatment

To provide immediate attention

To prevent minor injuries becoming major ones

b. outline the factors to consider when making a risk assessment of first aid provision in a
workplace

Size of the organization

Hazards present in the activities
Location of the workplace
Accessibility to the medical services
Past history of the accident
Shift pattern
Vulnerable group of people employed