Endocrine and Metabolic Nursing (1)&(2)

1.

Growth hormone
(Secreted by Pituitary Gland)

Hyperfunction: Hyperpituitarism
Before epiphyseal closure gigantism
After epiphyseal closure acromegaly

Hypofunction: Hypopituitarism / Panhypopituitarism

Dwarfism
[Surgery of Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy]

2.

Thyroid Hormone: Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine Total (T4)

(Secreted by Thyroid Gland)

Hyperfunction: Hyperthyroidism
[Care of Radioactive Iodine]

Hypofunction: Hypothyroidism

Goiter

Thyroid Cancer
[Pre&Postoperative care of Thyroidectomy]

3.

Parathyroid Hormone
(Secreted by Parathyroid Gland)

Hyperfunction: Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia & Hypophosphatemia

Hypofunction: Hypothyroidism
Hypocalcemia

Endocrine and Metabolic Nursing (3)

1. Insulin
(Secreted by Pancreas)

Hypofunction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

1. Type1 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
2. Type2 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
3. Gestational diabetes
Complications:

 Acute Complications
1. Hypoglycemia
2. Diabetic Ketoacidosis

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Chronic Complications
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Neuropathy
Foot Complications
Foot Care

Pancreatic Cancer
[Surgery Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Pancreatectomy]
[Post Operation Care]

Nursing management of disturbances in haematological

functions (1)
Blood components: [Normal Range]***
1. Red blood cells
2. Platelets
3. White blood cells
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, Monocytes
4. Plasma
Water
Proteins: Albumin, Y-Globulins, Fibrinogen
Assessment of the blood and lymphatic system
Health history
Past history
Physical assessment
Diagnostic tests
1. Complete Blood Count
2. Coagulation Screening Tests
Platelet count
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Prothrombin time (PT)

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Fibrinogen level
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
3. Iron Profile
4. Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA)***Procedure, Post-procedure
care
General Procedures and Treatment
1. Slpenectomy
2. Transfusion Administration
***Transfusion reactions:
Bacterial contamination
Allergic
Hemolytic or Incompatibility Reaction
Circulatory Overload
Massive Blood Transfusion Reaction
Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Nursing management of disturbances in haematological functions
(2)
Red Blood Cells Disorders
1. Anaemias (RBCs)
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Pernicious anemia
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Hemolytic Anemias
Hemolysis caused by:
1. Chemical agents and medications
2. Infectious agents
3. Isoimmune hemolytic reactions
4. Autoimmune disorders
Hemorrhagic Anemias
1. Acute hemorrhagic anemia
2. Chronic hemorrhagic anemia
Congenital Anemias / Sickle Cell Anemia
Thalassemia Major
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD)
Hereditary Spherocytosis
2. Polycythemia (RBCs)

Nursing management of disturbances in haematological functions

(3)
1.

White Blood Cells Disorders

Leukemia (Acute& Chronic)
Acute lymphocytic and Acute myelogenous leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

2. Lymph Proliferative Disorders

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Hodgkins lymphoma
Non-Hodgkins lymphomas
Multiple myeloma
3. Platelet Disorders
Purpura
1. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
2. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
4. Coagulation Disorders
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Hemophilia
5. Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)***
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
The Human Leukocyte Antigen System (HLA) and
Transplantation