upang Hinirang

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lupang Hinirang

English: Chosen Land

Spanish: Patria Adorada

Music sheet of Lupang Hinirang

National anthem of

Philippines

Lyrics

Jos Palma, 1899

Original Spanish lyrics

Music

Julin Felipe, 1898

Adopted

1899 (Original lyrics)

1963 (Official)

Music sample
Lupang Hinirang (Instrumental)

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Lupang Hinirang (English: Chosen Land; Spanish: Patria Adorada) is the national anthem of
the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julian Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from
theSpanish poem Filipinas, written by Jos Palma in 1899. Originally written as bayang magiliw it did
not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and
subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.
Under the American Period, the Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the public display of flags, banners,
emblems, or devices used by revolutionaries in the PhilippineAmerican War.[1] Under color of this
law, the colonial government banned the song from being played. [2] The Flag Law was repealed in
1919. Under the Commonwealth, Commonwealth Act 382, approved on September 5, 1938,
officially adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julin Felipe as the national anthem.
The Spanish lyrics were translated into Tagalog beginning in the 1940s, and a final, Filipino version
from 1956 was revised in the 1960s to the present lyrics. Over the years, several English versions
came into use. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act 8491 set out the Filipino lyrics, abandoning
use of the Spanish and English versions.[3]
Contents
[hide]

1Title

2History

2.1Other anthems

3Lyrics
3.1Historical lyrics translation with corresponding unofficial English translations of each

4Misheard lyrics

5Music and tempo

6Usage and regulation

6.1Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines

7See also

8Notes

9References

10External links

Title[edit]
Some English language sources erroneously translate Lupang Hinirang as "Beloved Land" or
"Beloved Land";[4][5] the first term is actually a translation of the incipit of the original
poem Filipinas (Tierra adorada), while "Beloved Country" is a translation of Bayang Magiliw, the
current version's incipit and colloquial name. Some sources assert that an English version of anthem
lyrics titled "Philippine Hymn" was legalised by Commonwealth Act 382. [6] That Act, however, only
concerns itself with the instrumental composition by Julin Felipe.

History[edit]

Julin Felipe

Jos Palma
Lupang Hinirang began as an instrumental march which President Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned
for use in the proclamation of Philippine independence from Spain. This task was given to Julin
Felipe and was to replace a march which Aguinaldo found unsatisfactory. The original title of this
new march was Marcha Filipina Mgdalo ("Mgdalo Philippine March"), and was later changed
toMarcha Nacional Filipina ("Philippine National March") upon its adoption as the national anthem of
the First Philippine Republic on 11 June 1898, a day before independence was to be proclaimed.
Felipe said that he had based his composition on three other musical pieces: the Marcha Real,
which is the current Spanish national anthem; the Grand March from Giuseppe Verdi's Ada; and the
French national anthem, La Marseillaise.[7] It was played by the Banda San Francisco de Malabn
(now called the Banda Matanda, from present-day General Trias) during the proclamation rites on 12
June.
In August 1899, the soldier and writer Jos Palma penned the Spanish poem Filipinas. The poem
was published for the first time in the newspaper La Independencia on 3 September 1899, and was
subsequently set to the tune of the Marcha Nacional Filipina.[8][9]
Philippine law requires that the anthem always be rendered in accordance with Felipe's original
musical arrangement and composition, but the original holograph cannot be located.[3][10] In the 1920s,
the time signature was changed to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and the key was changed from the
original C major to G.[10]
After the repeal of the Flag Law (which banned the use of all Filipino national symbols) in 1919,
the Insular Government decided to translate the hymn from its original Spanish to English. The first
translation was written around that time by the renowned poetess Paz Marquez Benitez of
the University of the Philippines. The most popular translation, called the "Philippine Hymn", was
written by Senator Camilo Osas and an American, Mary A. Lane.
Tagalog translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled Diwa ng
Bayan ("Spirit of the Country"), which was sung during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.
The second most popular one was O Sintang Lupa ("O Beloved Land") by Julin Cruz
Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos, and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as the official version in
1948. Upon the adoption of Diwa ng Bayan, the song Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas and the
Japanese national anthem Kimigayo were replaced.[11]
During the term of President Ramon Magsaysay, Education Secretary Gregorio Hernndez formed a
commission to revise the lyrics. On 26 May 1956, the Pilipino translation Lupang Hinirang was sung
for the first time. Minor revisions were made in the 1960s, and it is this version by Felipe Padilla de
Len which is presently used. The Filipino[a] lyrics have been confirmed by Republic Act No. 8491
(the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") in 1998, abandoning use of both the Spanish and
English versions.[3]

Historian Ambeth Ocampo observed that the Spanish lyrics, which were not intended to be sung
when composed, do not flow with the music very well compared to later English and Filipino versions
which are smoother. Also, some of the original meanings in Filipinas have been lost in translation; for
example, the original Hija del sol de oriente (literally, "Daughter of the Orient (Eastern) Sun") became
"Child of the sun returning" in the Philippine Hymn and Perlas ng Silanganan ("Pearl of the Orient")
in the present official Tagalog version.[12]

Other anthems[edit]
Lupang Hinirang was not the first Filipino national anthem to be conceived. The composer and
revolutionist Julio Nakpil penned Marangl na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Honourable Hymn of
the Katagalugan), which was later called Salve Patria ("Hail, Fatherland"). It was originally intended
to be the official anthem of the Katipunan, the secret society that spearheaded the Revolution. It is
considered a national anthem because Andrs Bonifacio, the chief founder and Supremo of
the Katipunan, converted the organisation into a revolutionary governmentwith himself as
Presidentknown as the Repblika ng Katagalugan (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities
erupted.[13] The arrangement was by Julio Nakpil, who reconstructed it from memory after the original
score was destroyed in 1945 during the battle for Manila. It would later be reworked and
incorporated in the orchestral piece, "Salve, Filipinas". The Katipunan or Republika ng
Katagalugan was superseded by Aguinaldo'sRepblica Filipina. The anthem, later renamed Himno
Nacional, was never adopted by Aguinaldo for unspecified reasons. It should be noted that the term
"Katagalugan" in the anthem referred the Philippine Islands as a whole and not
justTagalophone Filipinos.
The translation of Lupang Hinirang was used by Felipe Padilla de Len as his inspiration for Awit sa
Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas, commissioned as a replacement anthem by the Japanesecontrolled Second Philippine Republic during World War II, and later adapted during the Martial Law
Era under President Ferdinand Marcos.

Lyrics[edit]
The following Spanish, Filipino and English versions of the national anthem have been given official
status throughout Philippine history. However, only the most recent and current Filipino version is
officially recognised by law. The Flag and Heraldic Code, approved on 12 February 1998 specifies,
"The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or outside the country;
violation of the law is punishable by a fine and imprisonment.[3] Several bills have been introduced to
amend the Flag and Heraldic Code to highlight the importance of complying, abiding and conforming
to the standard expression as prescribed by law. As of 2015, none have been enacted into law.[14][15]

Original Spanish Version

Filipinas (1899)
[8][9]

Tierra adorada
Hija del sol de Oriente,
Su fuego ardiente
En ti latiendo est.

Official Commonwealth-Era
English Version
The Philippine Hymn (1938)

[16]

Land of the morning

Child of the sun returning
With fervor burning
Thee do our souls adore.

Official Filipino Version

Lupang Hinirang
(1958 rev. 1960's)
[3]

Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng Silanganan
Alab ng puso,
Sa Dibdib mo'y buhay.

Tierra de amores!
Del herosmo cuna,
Los invasores
No te hollarn jams.
En tu azul cielo, en tus auras,
En tus montes y en tu mar
Esplende y late el poema
De tu amada libertad.
Tu pabelln, que en las lides
La victoria ilumin,
No ver nunca apagados
Sus estrellas ni su sol.
Tierra de dichas, del sol y
amores,
En tu regazo dulce es vivir.
Es una gloria para tus hijos,
Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir.

Lupang Hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig,
Di ka pasisiil.

Land dear and holy,

Cradle of noble heroes,
Neer shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shores.
Ever within thy skies and through thy
clouds
And o'er thy hills and sea
Do we behold the radiance, feel the throb
Of glorious liberty

Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong
bughaw,
May dilag ang tula,
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim,

Thy banner dear to all our hearts

Its sun and stars alight,
Oh, never shall its shining fields
Be dimmed by tyrants might!
Beautiful land of love, o land of light,
In thine embrace 'tis rapture to lie
But it is glory ever, when thou art
wronged
For us, thy sons to suffer and die

Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati't

pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo,
Aming ligaya na pag may mangaapi,
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo.

Historical lyrics translation with corresponding unofficial English translations

of each[edit]
Official Japanese-era Tagalog version:
Diwa ng Bayan (1943)[citation needed]

Unofficial English translation:

Spirit of the Country[b]

Lupang mapalad,
Na mutya ng silangan;
Bayang kasuyo,
Ng sangkalikasan.

Land that is blessed,

that is Pearl of the East;
Nation in union
with [the whole of] nature.

Buhay at yaman,
Ng kapilipinuhan;
Kuha't bawi,
Sa banyagang kamay.

The life and riches

Of the Filipino people
Taken and reclaimed
From foreign hands.

Sa iyong langit, bundok,

batis, dagat na pinalupig;
Nailibing na ang karimlan,
Ng kahapong pagtitiis.

In Thy skies, mountains,

Springs, seas that were conquered
Buried already is the darkness
Of yesterday's suffering.

Sakit at luha, hirap,

Sisa at sumpa sa pagaamis;
ay wala nang lahat at naligtas,
Sa ibig manlupit.

Pain and tears, hardship,

Difficulty and curse of oppression
Are all gone and [we] are saved
From those who wish to be cruel [to us].

Hayo't magdiwang lahi kong minamahal,

Iyong watawat ang siyang tanglaw;

Come, let us celebrate, my beloved race,

Thy flag shall be our guiding light;

At kung sakaling ikaw ay muling pagbantaan,

Aming bangkay ang siyang hahadlang.
Official post-World War II Tagalog version:
O Sintang Lupa (1948)[17]

And should Thou be once more threatened,

Our corpses shall block the way.
Unofficial English translation:
O Beloved Land[b]

O sintang lupa,
Perlas ng Silanganan;
Diwang apoy kang
Sa araw nagmula.

O beloved land,
Pearl of the Orient,
A fiery spirit Thou art
From the sun come forth.

Lupang magiliw,
Pugad ng kagitingan,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka papaslang.

Land dearest,
Nest of valour,
To the conquerors
Thou shalt never be slain.

Sa iyong langit, simoy, parang.

Dagat at kabundukan,
Laganap ang tibok ng puso
Sa paglayang walang hanggan.

In Thy skies, air, meadows,

Seas and mountains,
Widespread is the heartbeat
of freedom without end.

Sagisag ng watawat mong mahal

Ningning at tagumpay;
Araw't bituin niyang maalab
Ang s'yang lagi naming tanglaw.

Thy dear flag symbolizes

Brilliance and victory;
Its sun and stars ablaze
Shall ever be our guiding light.

Sa iyo Lupa ng ligaya't pagsinta,

Tamis mabuhay na yakap mo,
Datapwa't langit ding kung ikaw ay apihin
Ay mamatay ng dahil sa 'yo.

In Thee, Land of joy and loving,

'Tis sweet to live embraced by Thee.
Therefore heaven too, if Thou would be oppressed,
Is to die because of Thee.

Misheard lyrics[edit]
The Lupang Hinirang is often taught in schools only during the first year of each educational division
(e.g., Grade 1, Grade 4, 1st Year of high school). As time passes, however, students may forget the
original lyrics, and replace some words withsimilar-sounding ones. The most common is the
replacement of the word niya ("her/his/its") in "Ang bituin at araw niya" ("its stars and sun") with
either nang ("so", "in this manner") or niya't ("and hers/his").
Other common errors include substitution of na ("when") in "Aming ligaya na 'pag may mang-aapi"
("'Tis our joy when there be oppressor") with "ng" ("of"); "alab" ("flame", "passion") in "Alab ng puso"
("Burning of the heart") with "alam" ("know", "knowledge"); and "mong" (contraction of mo and ng,
meaning "yours that is") in "Sa langit mong bughaw" ("in the heavens of yours which is blue") with
"mo'y" ("yours is").

Music and tempo[edit]

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R.A. 8491 specifies that Lupang Hinirang "shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and
composition of Julin Felipe."[10] However, when literally followed, this means that the national
anthem should only be performed by a pianist or by a brass band, as these were the only versions
that were produced by Julin Felipe.[10] Moreover, the original version was composed in duple time
(i.e., in a time signature of 2/4) as compared to the present quadruple time (4/4). It cannot be sung
according to the original score, because the music must be slowed down to fit the lyrics, or the music
will be so fast that singers would be unable keep pace with the music.[10]

During televised boxing matches featuring Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao, singers have been both
praised and criticized by the National Historical Institute (NHI) for singing too slow or too fast.[18] The
NHI says that the proper tempo is a 2/4 and 100 metronomes and that it should last 53 seconds. [18]

Usage and regulation[edit]

Article XVI, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution specifies that "The Congress may, by law, adopt a
new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall be truly reflective and
symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its
ratification by the people in a national referendum."[19]

Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines[edit]

Republic Act 8491 ("The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") regulates usage of the
National Anthem, and contains the complete lyrics of Lupang Hinirang.[3] Enacted in 1998, it states
thatLupang Hinirang "shall always be sung in the national language" regardless if performed inside
or outside the Philippines, and specifies that the singing must be done "with fervor". [3]
The Anthem is usually played during public gatherings in the Philippines or in foreign countries
where the Filipino audience is sizable. The Code also provides that it be played at other occasions
as may be allowed by the National Historical Institute (now known as the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines). It prohibits its playing or singing for mere recreation, amusement, or
entertainment except during International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a
representative; local competitions; during the "startup" and "closedown" of radio broadcasting and
television stations (especially ABS-CBN, TV5, and GMA Network); and before the initial and last
screening of films and before the opening of theatre performances.
The Code also specifies the penalties for any entity which violates its provisions. A government
official or employee who fails to observe the Flag Code may face administrative sanctions in addition
to the penalties imposed by law.

See also[edit]

Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan

Flag of the Philippines

Oath of Allegiance (Philippines)

Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag

Notes[edit]
1.
2.

Jump up^ Spelled with an F since 1973, affirmed in 1987 see respective Constitutions
^ Jump up to:a b This translation is intended for illustrating the evolution of the Philippine
national anthem.

References[edit]
1.

Jump up^ "Republic Act No. 8491". LAWPHiL Project. August 23, 1907.

2.

Jump up^ Pomeroy, William J. (1992). The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and
Resistance. International Publishers Co. p. 10. ISBN 0-7178-0692-8. Retrieved 26 January 2008.;
excerpted quote: "In 1909 an entire band was sent to prison for playing the Philippine National Anthem
at a festival in Quiapo, Manila.", citing Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (2005). "The Revolt of the Masses: The
Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan". Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.

3.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines". The LawPhil Project.
Retrieved March 30, 2010.

4.

Jump up^ Colleen A. Sexton (2006). Philippines in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books.
p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8225-2677-3.

5.

Jump up^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation (September 2007). "World and Its Peoples:
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei". Marshall Cavendish: 1242. ISBN 978-0-7614-7642-9.

6.

Jump up^ "Philippines". nationalanthems.info. Retrieved2015-12-26.

7.

Jump up^ "The National Anthems predecessor and influences".Malacaang Palace.

Retrieved 2015-12-26.

8.

^ Jump up to:a b The original text, as published in Barcelona, Spain in 1912: Palma,
Jos (1912). Melanclicas: Coleccion de Poesas. Manila, Philippines: Liberera Manila Filatlica.
(Digital copy found online at HathiTrust Digital Library on 2010-03-31)

9.

^ Jump up to:a b Contemporary restatements of and comments about the original text:
^ "The Making of Filipinas". The Philippines Centennial. msc.edu.ph. Retrieved 2008-11-12.
^ "The Philippine National Anthem". Filipinas Heritage Library. filipinaslibrary.org.ph. Retrieved 201003-30.

10.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e Ocampo, Ambeth R. (May 24, 2005). "The right way to sing the National
Anthem". Philippines Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 26, 2005. (archived fromthe
original on 26 May 2005)

11.

Jump up^ Cribb, Robert; Narangoa Li (2003-07-22). Imperial Japan and National Identities in
Asia, 18951945. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 0-7007-1482-0.

12.

Jump up^ Ocampo, Ambeth R. (1995). Mabini's Ghost. Pasig City,Philippines: Anvil
Publishing.

13.

Jump up^ Guerrero, Milagros C. "Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution". National
Commission for culture and the Arts (NCCA). Archived from the original on 18 January 2008.
Retrieved 26 September 2007.

14.

Jump up^ Kate McGeown (5 October 2010). "Philippines national anthem abuse subject to
new law". BBC News. Retrieved12 February 2013.

15.

Jump up^ Introduced bills:

"14th Congress : Senate Bill No. 772 : PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM". Senate of
the Philippines. September 3, 2007.

"15th Congress : Senate Bill No. 2619 : PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM". Senate
of the Philippines. December 7, 2010.

"15th Congress : Senate Bill No. 2691 : PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM". Senate
of the Philippines. February 15, 2011.

16.

Jump up^ "The Philippines Flag and the National Anthem".eSerbisyo. Government of the
Republic of the Philippines. 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved2010-05-04.

17.

Jump up^ "O Sintang Lupa". Sintunado. Archived from the original on 2012-05-12.

18.

^ Jump up to:a b ABELLA and SOPHIA DEDACE,, Jerri (March 14, 2010). "Arnel Pineda's
version of RP anthem criticized".GMA News. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

19.

Jump up^ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". RP Government. Archived
from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrie