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Heat Transfer
Overview
New Simulation
Click OK
HTBP-3
Right-click on Geometry
> 3D-CAD Models and
select New
In 3D-CAD, right-click
on 3D-CAD Model 1
and select Import >
CAD Model
In the file browser
window, select the file
Cooled_Board.x_t
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Create Sketch
Click OK
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Extrude Block
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The current best practice for conjugate heat transfer is to use a conformal
mesh
Conformal
NonConformal
HTBP-11
HTBP-12
Both will generate a prismatic type mesh in geometries that are predominantly thin or
have thin structures included in them
The Thin Mesher will produce a non-conformal mesh
The Embedded Thin Mesher will produced a conformal mesh under certain conditions,
generally when the thin region is completely embedded within another region
Allows for the simulation of thin solids where lateral (in-plane) conductivity is important
Automatically created from a boundary new shell region and interfaces are generated
Single or multiple shell layers may be modeled
Currently permit only isotropic thermal conductivity
HTBP-13
Allows for the simulation of thin solids where lateral (in-plane) conductivity is important
Automatically created from a boundary new shell region and interfaces are
generated
Single or multiple shell layers may be modeled
Currently permit only isotropic thermal conductivity
HTBP-14
Imprint Bodies
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Rename Surfaces
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Surface Repair
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Surface Repair
Viscous sublayer
Not all wall treatments are available for all RANS models
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Prism layers are mainly used to resolve flow boundary layers, so they are not
needed at flow boundaries (e.g. inlets, outlets)
Prism layers are mainly used to resolve flow boundary layers, so they are not
generally required within solids
The All-y+ Wall Treatment offers the most meshing flexibility and is
recommended for all turbulence models for which it is available (most of them)
Follow the guidelines on y+ for different wall treatments as outlined on the
preceding slide
Build and run a coarse test mesh to help estimate the proper near-wall mesh size
Estimate the y+ value for your problem using the procedure on the following slide
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u*
The wall shear stress tw can be related to the skin friction coefficient:
tw
Cf =
rU 2 / 2
The skin friction coefficient can be estimated from correlations
Cf
0.039
=
2
Re1D/ 5
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Example: Estimating y+
For our electronics cooling problem, we will use an inlet velocity of 15 m/s. Using
the air domain height of 5 cm as the characteristic length, along with the
properties of air, we find Re D = 4.743 104
Using the friction coefficient correlation for internal flow:
Cf
The definition of the friction coefficient is used to compute the wall shear stress:
Cf =
0.039
C f = 9.06 10 -3
1/ 5
Re D
tw
t w = 1.192 N / m 2
2
rU / 2
u*
tw
= 1 . 009 m / s
r
u* y
y =
y = 1 . 25 mm
n
+
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Generate Mesh
Examine Mesh
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Internal heat sources can be applied within materials in two different ways
Volumetric sources
Interfacial sources
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1
Fij =
Ai
Ai
Aj
cos q i cos q j
p Rij2
dAi dA j
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Emissivity e
Absorptivity a
Reflectivity r
Transmissivity t
Note that for opaque surfaces (t = 0), assuming Kirchhoffs Law to be valid
and using energy conservation, only one independent radiation property (e)
needs to be specified
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1/h
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Convergence History
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Wall y+
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qwall
h=
(Twall - T fluid )
The only term not clearly specified is the fluid temperature, i.e. the
fluid temperature where?
The choice of fluid temperature may be used to define different
heat transfer coefficients
Uses the computed wall heat flux, wall temperature, and a fluid temperature
specified by the user
Does not account for local variations in fluid temperature
Uses definitions from the wall treatment to compute a heat transfer coefficient
These definitions effectively use the near-wall fluid cell temperature
May have some sensitivity to near-wall mesh size
Can have
negative
values
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Local HTC
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Recommended
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Summary