Rev. cjc. 22.07.

2014

Incropera [1]

4.4.- Finite Difference Equations

4.4.1.- The nodal network
4.4.2 Finite difference form of the heat equation (bidimensional case)
Equations (4.27) to (4.32)
4.4.3 The energy balance method
Equations (4.33) to (4.38)
4.4.3.a Application of the Energy Balance Method
Finite difference equatiin for an internal corner of a solid
with surface convection
Equations (4.39) to (4.44)
Table 4.2. Summary of nodal finite difference equation
Equations (4.32) to (4.47)
Example 4.2
Using the energy balance method, derive the finite-difference equation
for the m,n nodal point located on a plane, insulated surface of a
medium with uniform heat generation,
4.5.- Finite Difference Solutions
4.5.1.- The matrix inversion method
Equations (4.48) to (4.51)
Example 4.3
Two dimensional temperature distribution of a column supporting a
furnace. Solution using the matrix inversion methos.
4.5.2.- Gauss-Seidel iteration
Equations (4.52) to(4.53)
Example 4.4
Two dimensional temperature distribution of a column supporting a
furnace (same as expl. 4.3). Solution using Gauss-Seidel Iteration

certain
conducof simple
literature
involve
In these
difference
speed

4.4.- Finite-Difference equations

4.4.1.- The nodal network

T
x
T
x

1
m ,n
2

1
m ,n
2

Figure 4.5

Tm , n Tm 1, n
x
Tm 1, n Tm , n
x

[1], page 142

4.4.2 Finite difference form of the heat equation

Finite differences equations [1], page 144
Equations 4.27 to 4.32

Tm ,n 1 Tm 1,n Tm 1,n Tm 1, n 4 Tm ,n 0

(4.32)

This approximate finite-difference form of the heat

equation may be applied to any interior node that
is equidistant from its four neighboring nodes.

m,n+1
y,n

m,n
x,m

m-1,n

m+1,n
+1

m,n-1

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

Two dimensiona l steady state heat equation

2T 2T

0
x 2 y 2
2T
x 2
T
x
T
x

2T
y 2
2T
x 2

Tm1, n Tm, n
x

Tm,n Tm 1,n
x

m ,n

2T
x 2

m ,n

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n 2 Tm,n

(4.30)

x 2

Tm, n 1 Tm ,n 1 2 Tm,n

(4.31)

y 2

m,n

(4.27)

x 2

m,n

m ,n

Tm 1,n Tm,n Tm,n Tm1,n

m,n

m,n

T
x

m ,n

T
x 2

m,n

m+1,n
+1

T
x

2T
y 2

Tm 1, n Tm 1, n 2 Tm,n

con
x y
Tm1, n Tm1,n 2 Tm ,n

m,n

Tm ,n 1 Tm,n 1 2 Tm, n

y 2

Tm, n 1 Tm ,n 1 2 Tm,n

x 2

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n 2 Tm, n Tm, n1 Tm ,n 1 2 Tm ,n 0

Tm ,n 1 Tm 1,n Tm1,n Tm1,n 4 Tm, n 0

(4.32)

4.4.3 The energy balance method

Equations (4.33) to (4.38)

4.4.3 The energy balance method

[1]
x

The finite-difference equation for a node may also

be obtained by applying conservation m,n+1
energy to a
control volume about the nodal region, according
equation 1.10a

E in Em-1,n
g Eout E st

(1.m,n
10a)

m+1,n

It is assumed that all the heat flows into the node.

Thus, all heat flow is considered in-flow.

m,n-1

For steady-state condition with generation x

"q", the
appropriate form of Equation 1.10 a is

E in E g 0

(4.33)

Figure 4.6

Consider appliying Equation 4.33 to a control volume

about the interior node "m,n" of Figure 4.6

Ec. 4.32
Equations (4.27) to (4.32)

Two dimensional steady state heat equation

2

T T

0
x 2 y 2
2T

T
x

m ,n
2

T
x

m ,n
2

Tm, n 1 Tm 1,n

Tm, n 1 Tm 1,n

Two dimensional steady state heat equation

2

T T

0
x 2 y 2
2T
x 2
T
x

T
x

m ,n
2

m ,n
2

(4.27)

m, n

T
x

Tm 1, n Tm, n
x

m ,n
2

T
x

Tm, n Tm 1,n
x

m ,n
2

2T
x 2
2T
x 2
2T
y 2
2T
x 2

Tm 1,n Tm,n Tm, n Tm 1, n

x 2

m, n

Tm 1,n Tm 1, n 2 Tm, n

m, n

Tm,n 1 Tm, n 1 2 Tm, n

m, n

(4.31)

y 2

m, n

(4.30)

x 2

2T
y 2

Tm 1, n Tm 1, n 2 Tm, n

m,n

con
x y
Tm 1, n Tm 1,n 2 Tm,n

x 2

Tm,n 1 Tm, n 1 2 Tm,n

y 2

Tm, n 1 Tm, n 1 2 Tm, n

x 2

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n 2 Tm,n Tm, n 1 Tm, n 1 2 Tm,n 0

Tm,n 1 Tm 1,n Tm 1,n Tm 1,n 4 Tm,n 0

( 4.32)

gure 4.6

E in E g E out E st
E in E g 0
4

q
i 1

( i )( m , n )

(1.10a)
(4.33)

q x y 1 0

Tm 1,n Tm,n
(4.34)
x
T
T
q( m1,n )( m,n ) k y 1 m 1,n m ,n
(4.35)
x
T
T
q( m,n 1)( m,n ) k x 1 m ,n 1 m,n
(4.36)
y
T
T
q( m,n 1)( m,n ) k x 1 m,n 1 m,n
(4.37)
y
T
T
T
T
T
T
k y 1 m 1,n m ,n k y 1 m 1,n m ,n k x 1 m ,n 1 m,n k x 1
x
x
y
x y
q( m1,n )( m,n ) k y 1

k Tm 1,n Tm,n Tm 1,n Tm,n Tm ,n 1 Tm ,n Tm ,n 1 Tm ,n q x x 0

q x
0
k
2

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n Tm ,n 1 Tm,n 1 4 Tm,n

(4.38)

q x
Tm 1,n Tm 1,n Tm,n 1 Tm,n 1 4 Tm ,n
0
k
2

Tm, n 1 Tm 1,n Tm 1, n Tm 1, n 4 Tm, n 0

(4.32)

(4.38)

Tm, n 1 Tm 1,n Tm 1, n Tm 1, n 4 Tm, n 0

(4.32)

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

Tm ,n 1 Tm,n
T
T
k x 1 m,n 1 m,n q x y 1 0
y
y
q x x 0

38)

(4.38)

Application of the Energy Balance Method

[1], page 146

Finite difference equatiin for an internal corner of a solid

with surface convection
Equations (4.39) to (4.44)

m,n+1
y

qcond
qcond
m-1,n

qcond

m,n

m+1,n
qconv

qconv
qcond
m,n-1
x

tinf

The conduction heat rate q cond may

be expressed as
q m -1,n m, n k y 1
q m, n 1 m,n k x 1

Tm -1,n Tm,n
x
Tm, n 1 Tm,n
y
Tm 1,n Tm,n

y
1
2
x
Tm 1,n Tm, n
y
q m, n 1 m,n k
1
2
x
The total convection heat rate q conv may
q m 1,n m,n k

(4.39)
(4.40)
(4.41)
(4.42)

(4.43)
x
y
q m , n h
1 T Tm ,n h
1 T Tm,n
2
2

1
Tm 1,n Tm 1,n 3 Tm, n ...
2
h x
h x
...
T
Tm,n 0
k
k
Tm -1,n Tm, n 1

be expressed as

The sum of all heat rates must be equal zero, so

Tm-1,n Tm,n
Tm, n 1 Tm,n
k y 1
k x 1
...
x
y
Tm 1,n Tm,n
Tm 1,n Tm,n
y
y
... k
1
k
1
...
2
x
2
x
x
y
... h
1 T Tm,n h
1 T Tm, n 0
2
2
With x y and rearrangin g

1
h x
Tm 1,n Tm 1,n
T ...
2
k
h x

Tm,n 0
k

Tm -1,n Tm, n 1
... 3 Tm,n

(4.44)
Tm -1,n Tm, n 1

1
h x
h

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n
T 3
2
k
k

Tm -1,n Tm, n 1

1
h x
h

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n
T 3
2
k
k

Tm -1,n Tm,n Tm, n 1 Tm, n ...

1
Tm 1,n Tm,n Tm 1,n Tm,n ...
2
h x
...
T Tm,n 0
k
...

Tm -1,n 2Tm,n Tm, n 1 ...

1
Tm 1,n 2 Tm,n Tm 1,n ...
2
h x
h x
...
T
Tm,n 0
k
k
...

Tm -1,n 2Tm,n Tm, n 1 ...

1
Tm 1,n Tm 1,n ...
2
h x
h x
...
T
Tm,n 0
k
k
...- Tm,n

Tm -1,n Tm, n 1 3 Tm,n ...

1
Tm 1,n Tm 1,n ...
2
h x
h x
...
T
Tm,n 0
k
k
...

Tm -1,n Tm, n 1

1
Tm 1,n Tm 1,n
2

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

Tm, n ...

x
T ...
k

(4.44)

x
h x

T 3
Tm, n 0
k
k

x
h x

T 3
Tm,n 0
k
k

(4.44)

Tablr 4.2. Summary of nodal finite difference equation

1. - Interior node
Tm, n 1 Tm, n 1Tm 1,n Tm -1,n - 4 Tm, n 0
2. - Node at an internal corner wit h convection
1
h x
h x

Tm 1,n Tm 1,n
T 3
Tm, n 0
2
k
k

h x
h x

Tm, n 1 Tm 1,n Tm 1,n 2

T 2 3
Tm, n 0
k
k

Tm -1,n Tm, n 1
2 Tm-1,n

3. - Node at a plane surface with convection

2 Tm-1,n Tm, n 1 Tm, n -1

2 h x
h x

T 2
2 Tm,n 0
k
k

2 * Tm-1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n-1 + 2*h*x/k*Tinf - 2* (h*x/k +2)*Tm,n = 0

4. Node at an external corner wit h convection

Tm, n -1 Tm -1,n 2

h x
h x
T 2
1 Tm, n 0
k
k

(4.32)

h x
Tm,n 0
k

h x

3
Tm, n 0
k

(4.44)

m,n+1

2 Tm,n 0

(4.45)

m,n

m,n-1

on
Tm, n 0

m-1,n

(4.46)

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

Example 4.2

[1] page 149

Using the energy balance method, derive the finite-difference equation
for the m,n nodal point located on a plane, insulated surface of a
medium with uniform heat generation,

E in E g 0

Applying the energy

Eq. 4.33, to the cont

y 1 asociat

follows that, with v

( 4.33)

at the rate q
q1 q 2 q 3 q 4
where

m,n+1
Insulation

q4

Tm -1

x Tm
1
2

q2 k
q3 0

k,q.
q3

q1
m-1,n

m,n

q2
x/2
m,n-1

x Tm
1
2
and substituting in
T
T
k y 1 m -1,n
x
q4 k

q1 k y 1

x
1
2

... 0 k
and with
x y

Tm -1,n Tm, n

1
T
2

2 Tm -1,n 2 Tm, n

2 Tm -1,n Tm, n -1 T

Applying the energy conservati on requiremen t

Eq. 4.33, to the control surface about the region
x

y 1 asociated with the" m, n" node, it

follows that, with volumetric heat generation

at the rate q

y 1 0
2

q1 q 2 q 3 q 4 q
where
q1 k y 1

Tm -1,n Tm,n
x

x Tm, n -1 Tm,n
1
y
2

q2 k
q3 0

x Tm, n 1 Tm, n
1
y
2
and substituting in the energy balance equation
T
Tm, n
x Tm, n -1 Tm, n
k y 1 m -1,n
k
1
...
x
y
2
x Tm, n 1 Tm, n x

... 0 k
1
q
y 1 0
2

y
2

and with
x y
q4 k

x 2
1
1
0
Tm, n -1 Tm, n Tm, n 1 Tm, n q

2
2
2k
x 2
0
2 Tm, n Tm, n -1 - Tm, n Tm, n 1 - Tm,n q

2k
x 2
0
Tm, n -1 Tm, n 1 - 4 Tm, n q

Tm -1,n Tm, n
2 Tm -1,n
2 Tm -1,n

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

4.5.- Finite-Difference Solutions

4.5.1.- The matrix inversion method

[1], page 151

Equations (4.48) to (4.51)

Consider a system of N finite-differece equations corresponding to N unknown temperatures

a11 * T1 + a12 * T2 + a13 * T3+ ... + a1N* TN = C1

a21 * T1 + a22 * T2 + a23 * T3+ ... + a2N* TN = C2
aN1 * T1 + aN2 * T2 + aN3 * T3+ ... + aNN* TN = CN
Using matrix notation

[A] * [T] = [C]

where

[A] =

[A]-1 =

Ciefficient matrix, (N x N)

a11

a12

a13

... + a1N

a21

a22

a23

... + a2N

aN1

aN2

aN3

... + aNN

b11 b12 a13 ... + b1N

b21 b22 b23 ... + b2N
bN1

bN2

bN3

... + bNN

Solution vector
T1
T=

T2

TN

T1 =
T2 =

TN =

unknown temperatures

Multiplying both sides by the inverse matrix A-1

[A]-1 * [A] * [T] =

[A]-1 * [C]

(4.48)
The solution vector may now be expressed as

[T] =

[A]-1 * [C]

(4.50)

(4.49)
Constants vector
C1
C=

C2

CN

b11 * C1 + b12 * C2 +,+ b1N * CN

b21 * C1 + b22 * C2 +,+ b2N * CN

bN1 * C1 + bN2 * C2 +,+ bNN * CN

(4.51)

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

Finite differences, example 4.3 [1], page 152

Matrix inversiuon method
x = 0.25
Ts = 500 K

Air with

h * x / K = 10*0.25 / 1 = 2.5

m-1,n =
5

m,n+1

m,n-1 = 500

m,n-1

m,n = 7

m,n

m,n+1 =
8

m-1,n

Tinf = 300 K
h = 10 W/(m*K)

The prescribed grid consists of 12 nodal points at which the temperature is unknown. However,
the number of unknowns is reduced to 8, through symmetry, in which case the temperature
of nodal points to the left of the symmetry line must be equal to the temperature of those
to the right.

Nodes 1, 3 and 5 are interior points for which the finite-difference equations may be
inferred from Equation 4.32.
Ec. 4.32

Tm,n+1 +Tm,n-1 + Tm+1,n +Tm-1,n - 4*Tm,n = 0

m,n+1
m-1,n

m,n

Nodes 1, 3 y 5
Node 1
T2 + T3 + 500 + 500 - 4*T1 0
Node 3
T1 + T4 + T5 + 500 - 4*T3 = 0
Node 5
T3 + T6 + T7 + 500 -4*T5 = 0

m+1,n

m,n-1

Equations for points 2, 4 and 6 may be obtained in a like manner, or since

they lie on a symmerty adiabat, by using Equation 4.45 (Table 4.2) with h = 0

2 * Tm-1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n-1 + 2*h*x/k*Tinf - 2* (h*x/k +2)*Tm,n = 0

2 * Tm-1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n-1 - 4 * Tm,n= 0

(4.45)

(with h = 0)

m,n+1

m-1,n

m,n

m,n-1

MatA =

Nodo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

T1
-4
2
1
0
0
0
0
0

T2
1
-4
0
1
0
0
0
0

T3
1
0
-4
2
1
0
0
0

T4
0
1
1
-4
0
1
0
0

T5
0
0
1
0
-4
2
2
0

T6
0
0
0
1
1
-4
0
2

T7
0
0
0
0
1
0
-9
2

MatA * MatT =

MatC

InvMatA * MatA * MatT =

MatT =
MatT =
-0.33139
-0.19787
-0.12767
InvMatA = -0.12871
-0.0506
-0.06163
-0.01309
-0.0166

InvMatA*MatC

InvMatA*MatC
MMULT(InvMatA,MatC)
-0.0989
-0.3314
-0.0644
-0.1277
-0.0308
-0.0506
-0.0083
-0.0131

-0.1276738
-0.1287115
-0.3819837
-0.2594985
-0.1407626
-0.1453152
-0.0357513
-0.040237

Heat flow rate from the column

x = 0.25

-0.06436
-0.12767
-0.12975
-0.38198
-0.07266
-0.14076
-0.02012
-0.03575

-0.0506
-0.06163
-0.14076
-0.14532
-0.36714
-0.23811
-0.08968
-0.07284

-0.03081
-0.0506
-0.07266
-0.14076
-0.11905
-0.36714
-0.03642
-0.08968

-0.00654
-0.0083
-0.01788
-0.02012
-0.04484
-0.03642
-0.12506
-0.03589

-0.00415
-0.00654
-0.01006
-0.01788
-0.01821
-0.04484
-0.01794
-0.12506

q1

q3
q2

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

Example 4.3

Two dimensional temperature distribution of a column supporting a

furnace. Solution using the matrix inversion method.
A large industrial furnace is supported on a long column of fireclay brick
which is 1 m by 1 m on a side. During steady state operation, installation
is such that three surfaces of the column are mantained at surface
temperature Ts, while the remaining surface is exposed to an air ambient
stream with a temperature Tinf and and a convection coefficient h.
Using the matrix inversion method, with a grid of x = y = 0.25 m,
determine the two dimensional temperature distribution in the column
and the heat rate to the air stream per unit length of column.
The thermal conductivity of the fireclay brick is k (fromTable A.3, at a
temperature of about 478 K, [1] )
Ts =
Tinf =
h=
k=

500
300
10
1

K
K
W/(m*K)
W(/m*K)

x =

0.25

h * x / K =

2.5

m-1,n =
5
m,n+1 =
8

m,n = 7

m,n-1 = 500

Nodos 7 y 8
For the nodes 7 and 8, using equation (4.45) with
h * Dx / K =
2.5

2 * Tm-1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n-1 + 2*h*x/k*Tinf - 2* (h*x/k +2)*Tm,n = 0

Nodo 7

m-1,n = 5

m,n-1 = 500

m,n+1 = 8
m,n = 7

2*T5 + T8 + 500 + 2*2.5*300 - 2*(2.5+2)*T7 = 0

2*T5 + T8 + 500 + 1500 - 9*T7 = 0
2*T5 + T8 + 2000 - 9*T7 = 0
Nodo 8

m-1,n = 6

m,n-1 = 7

m,n+1 = 7
m,n = 8

2*T6 + T7 + +T7+ 2*2.5*300 - (2.5+2)*T8 = 0

2*T6 + 2*T7 + 5*300 - 9*T8 = 0
2*T6 + 2*T7 + 1500 - 9*T8 = 0

Nodos 2, 4 y 6
Nodo 2
2*T1 +500 + T4 - 4*T2 = 0
Nodo 4
2*T3 +T2+ T6 - 4*T4 = 0
Nodo 6
2*T5 +T4 + T8 - 4*T6 = 0

T8
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
-9

MatC =

-1000
-500
-500
0
-500
0
-2000

MatT =
MMULT(InvMatA,MatC)

489.3
485.2
472.1
462.0
436.9
418.7
357.0

-1500

339.1

4
q1 =

x/2 *L * h * (Ts - Tinf)

q2 =

x *L * h * (T7 - Tinf)

q3 =

x/2 *L * h * (T8 - Tinf)

q = 2 * h * [ Dx/2 * (Ts - Tinf) + Dx * (T7 - Tinf) + Dx/2 *L * (T8 - Tinf) ]

q / L = 2 * h * x * [ 1/2 * (Ts - Tinf) + (T7 - Tinf) + 1/2 * (T8 - Tinf) ]
h=
10
W/(m*K)
x =
0.25
m
Ts =
500
K
Tinf =

300

T7 =

357.0

T8 =
q/L=

339.1
883

K
W/m

4.5.2.- Gauss-Seidel Iteration

Equations (4.52) to (4.53)

[1] page 155

Application of the Gauss-Seidel iteration to solve the system represented

by Equation 4.48.

a11 * T1 + a12 * T2 + a13 * T3+ ... + a1N* TN = C1

a21 * T1 + a22 * T2 + a23 * T3+ ... + a2N* TN = C2
aN1 * T1 + aN2 * T2 + aN3 * T3+ ... + aNN* TN = CN
1.- Equations should be reordered to provide diagonal elements whose
magnitud are larger than those of other elements in the same row.
That it is desirable to sequence the equations such that

a11 a12 a13 ,..., a13

a21 a22 a 23 ,..., a23
a N 1 a N 2 a N 3 ,..., a N 3

3.- An initial (k = 0) value is assumed for each temperature Ti.

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

480

470

440

430

400

4.- New values of Ti are then calculated

k

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

0
1

480
477.5

470
471.3

440
451.9

430
441.3

400
428.0

0.25 * F51+ 0.25 * I50+ 0.2

0.25 * E51 + 0.5 * F51+ 0.25 * I50
0.25 *D51 + 0.25 * G50 + 0.25 * H50 + 125
0.5 * D51 + 0.25 * G50 + 125
0.25 * E50 + 0.25 * F50+ 250

5.- Using eq. (4.52) the iteration is continued

T1(k) =

0.25 * T2(k-1) + 0.25 * T3(k-1) + 250

T2(k) =

0.5 * T1(k) + 0.25 * T3(k-1) + 125

T3(k) =

0.25 * T1(k) + 0.25 * T4(k-1) + 0.25 * T5(k-1) + 125

T4(k) =

0.25 * T2(k) + 0.5 * T3(k) + 0.25 * T6(k-1)

T5(k) =

0.25 * T3(k) + 0.25 * T6(k-1) + 0.25 * T7(k-1) + 125

T6(k) =

0.25 * T4(k) + 0.5 *T5(k) + 0.25 * T8(k-1)

T7(k) =

0.222 * T5(k) + 0.111 * T8(k-1) + 222.2

T8(k) =

0.222 *T6(k) +0.222 *T7(k) + 166.67

6.- The iteration is terminated when

Ti k Ti( k 1)

(4.52)

epresented

(4.48)

2.- Each of the N equations should be written in explicit form for the te
associated with the diagonal element.

Ti

(k )

C
i
aii

i 1

aij

a
j 1

ii

T j( k )

aij

T j( k 1)

j i 1 ii

(4.52)

where i = 1, 2,.,N
k: is the level of the iteration

nts whose
From example 4.4
T1 =
T2 =
T3 =
T4 =
T5 =
T6 =
T7 =
T8 =

0.25 * T2 + 0.25 * T3 + 250

0.5 * T1 + 0.25 * T4 + 125
0.25 * T1 + 0.25 * T4 + 0.25 * T5 + 125
0.25 * T2 + 0.5 * T3 + 0.25 * T6
0.25 * T3 + 0.25 * T6 + 0.25 * T7 + 125
0.25 * T4 + 0.5 *T5 + 0.25 * T8
0.222 * T5 + 0.111 * T8 + 222.2
0.222 *T6 +0.222 *T7 + 166.67

Requirement
Ti k Ti( k 1)

Ti

(k )

(4.52)

C
i
aii

i 1

aij

a
j 1

ii

T j( k )

aij

j i 1 ii

T j( k 1)

( 4.5

Ti
T6

T7

T8

390

370

350

T6

T7

T8

390
411.8

370
356.2

350
337.3

(k )

i 1

aij

C
i
aii

j 1

ii

T j( k )

aij

j i 1 ii

T j( k 1)

0.222222 *I51+0.222222 *J51+ 166.67

0.222222 * H51 + 0.111111 *K50+ 222.2
0.25 * G51 + 0.5 *H51 + 0.25 * K50
25 * F51+ 0.25 * I50+ 0.25 * J50 + 125
0.5 * F51+ 0.25 * I50
0.25 * H50 + 125
k

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

0
1
2
3

480
477.5
480.8
484.6

470
471.3
475.7
480.6

440
451.9
462.5
467.6

430
441.3
453.1
457.4

400
428.0
432.6
434.3

487.0

482.9

469.7

459.6

435.5

488.1

484.0

470.8

460.7

436.1

488.7

484.5

471.4

461.3

436.5

489.0

484.8

471.7

461.6

436.7

489.1

485.0

471.9

461.8

436.8

489.2

485.1

472.0

461.9

436.9

10

489.25

485.10

472.00

461.94

436.90

11
12
13
14.00

489.3
489.3
489.3
489.30

485.1
485.1
485.1
485.15

472.0
472.0
472.1
472.06

462.0
462.0
462.0
462.00

436.9
436.9
436.9
436.94

15.00

489.30

485.15

472.06

462.00

436.94

( 4.5

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

xplicit form for the temperature

(4.52)

aij

1 ii

T j( k 1)

( 4.52)

aij

1 ii

T j( k 1)

( 4.52)

T6

T7

T8

390
411.8
413.9
415.9

370
356.2
355.8
356.2

350
337.3
337.7
338.3

417.2

356.6

338.6

417.9

356.7

338.8

418.3

356.8

338.9

418.5

356.9

339.0

418.6

356.9

339.0

418.7

357.0

339.0

418.69

356.96

339.04

418.7
418.7
418.7
418.73

357.0
357.0
357.0
356.97

339.0
339.0
339.0
339.05

418.73

356.97

339.05

Example 4.4
Two dimensional temperature distribution of a column supporting a
furnace (same as expl. 4.3). Solution using Gauss-Seidel Iteration

Nodo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nodo 1
Nodo 2
Nodo 3
Nodo 4
Nodo 5
Nodo 6
Nodo 7
Nodo 8

T1
-4
2
1
0
0
0
0
0

T2
1
-4
0
1
0
0
0
0

T3
1
0
-4
2
1
0
0
0

T2 + T3 + 500 + 500 - 4*T1 =

2*T1 + T4 + 500 - 4*T2 =
T1 + T4 + T5 + 500 - 4*T3 =
T2 + 2*T3 + T6 - 4*T4 =
T3 + T6 + T7 + 500 -4*T5 =
T4 + 2*T5 + T8 - 4*T6 =
2*T5 + T8 + 500 + 1500 - 9* T7 =
2*T6 + 2*T7 + 5*300 - 9*T8 =

T4
0
1
1
-4
0
1
0
0

T5
0
0
1
0
-4
2
2
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4 * T1 =
4 * T2 =
4 * T3 =
4 * T4 =
4 * T5 =
4 * T6 =
9 * T7 =
9 * T8 =

T1(k) =

0.25 * T2(k-1) + 0.25 * T3(k-1) + 250

T2(k) =

0.5 * T1(k) + 0.25 * T3(k-1) + 125

T3(k) =

0.25 * T1(k) + 0.25 * T4(k-1) + 0.25 * T5(k-1) + 125

T4(k) =

0.25 * T2(k) + 0.5 * T3(k) + 0.25 * T6(k-1)

T5(k) =

0.25 * T3(k) + 0.25 * T6(k-1) + 0.25 * T7(k-1) + 125

T6(k) =

0.25 * T4(k) + 0.5 *T5(k) + 0.25 * T8(k-1)

T7(k) =

0.222 * T5(k) + 0.111 * T8(k-1) + 222.2

T8(k) =

0.222 *T6(k) +0.222 *T7(k) + 166.67

T6
0
0
0
1
1
-4
0
2

T7
0
0
0
0
1
0
-9
2

T2 + T3 + 1000
2*T1 + T4 + 500
T1 + T4 + T5 + 500
T2 + 2*T3 + T6
T3 + T6 + T7 + 500
T4 + 2*T5 + T8
2*T5 + T8 + 2000
2*T6 + 2*T7 + 1500

T8
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
-9

1000
500
500
0
500
0
2000
1500
T1 =
T2 =
T3 =
T4 =
T5 =
T6 =
T7 =
T8 =

0.25 * T2 + 0.25 * T3 + 250

0.5 * T1 + 0.25 * T4 + 125
0.25 * T1 + 0.25 * T4 + 0.25 * T5 + 125
0.25 * T2 + 0.5 * T3 + 0.25 * T6
0.25 * T3 + 0.25 * T6 + 0.25 * T7 + 125
0.25 * T4 + 0.5 *T5 + 0.25 * T8
0.222 * T5 + 0.111 * T8 + 222.2
0.222 *T6 +0.222 *T7 + 166.67

k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14.00
15.00

T1

T2

480
477.5
480.8
484.6
487.0
488.1
488.7
489.0
489.1
489.2
489.25
489.3
489.3
489.3
489.30
489.30

470
471.3
475.7
480.6
482.9
484.0
484.5
484.8
485.0
485.1
485.10
485.1
485.1
485.1
485.15
485.15

Rev. cjc. 22.07.2014

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

T8

440
451.9
462.5
467.6
469.7
470.8
471.4
471.7
471.9
472.0
472.00
472.0
472.0
472.1
472.06
472.06

430
441.3
453.1
457.4
459.6
460.7
461.3
461.6
461.8
461.9
461.94
462.0
462.0
462.0
462.00
462.00

400
428.0
432.6
434.3
435.5
436.1
436.5
436.7
436.8
436.9
436.90
436.9
436.9
436.9
436.94
436.94

390
411.8
413.9
415.9
417.2
417.9
418.3
418.5
418.6
418.7
418.69
418.7
418.7
418.7
418.73
418.73

370
356.2
355.8
356.2
356.6
356.7
356.8
356.9
356.9
357.0
356.96
357.0
357.0
357.0
356.97
356.97

350
337.3
337.7
338.3
338.6
338.8
338.9
339.0
339.0
339.0
339.04
339.0
339.0
339.0
339.05
339.05

[1]

Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer

Frank P. Incropera and David P. De Witt
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University
John Wiley & Sons, 1985

Heat transfer. Finite differences for a steady state system. Implicite and explicite methods. Incropera

licite methods. Incropera