DESIGN OF Z PURLINS

Purlin Designation
P1

Created By: Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd.

JOB No.:
DATE :

Input Data: Purlin Geometry

Span of the purlin
Spacing of the purlin
No. of Sag rods
Slope of the Roof

=
=
=
=

6.000 M
1.8 M
2
18 deg.

Number of Spans
=
(for 1 or 2 spans, Bending Moment Coefficient is 8, for 3 or more spans, it is 10)
(in case of Bending about minor axis, (No of spans)x(No of sagrods+1) is used.

Input Data: Loads

Dead Loads
Weight of Sheeting
Self Weight of Purlin
Extra for cleats, as % of Purlin weight
Additional Dead Loads to Consider

=
=
=
=

6 kg/sqm
Automatically Calculated from Section properties
10 %
0 kg/sqm

Live Loads
Live load on Roof

=
Automatically Calculated from Slope
=
59 kg/sqm
Additional Live Loads to be considered
=
0 kg/sqm
(For Design of Wall Girt (Cladding Runner), additional Live loads to be considered can be entered as -ve of LL on roof)
(Live load will be 0 effectively)
Wind Loads
Basic Wind Speed
39 m/s
Terrain Category
2
k1
1
Maximum Horizontal Dimension of Building
33.528 m
k3
1
Hence, Bldg Class
B
Height of Top
10.3632 m
Based on the data on right, k2 is obtained from the tables
k2
0.98
Ht of building at eaves level, h
Width of the building, w
Length of the Building, l
Hence, h/w
and l/w

=
=

=
=
=

5m
33.5 m
33.5 m
0.149
1.000

Based on the h/w and l/w, the values of Cpe is obtained from tables as noted below:
Maximum Downward Cpe (include sign)
-0.4
Maximum Upward Cpe (include sign)
-0.7
Based on % of openings, Cpi is taken as +/-

0.5

y Services Pvt Ltd.

ion properties

of LL on roof)
will be 0 effectively)

4786
16-08-2011

Input Data: Purlin Section Being Checked

Try

Z 200x60x2.3

Yield stress of material

Flange Width, b
Depth of section d
Thickness t
Length of Lip lip_l
Inner Bending Radius

2400
60
200
2.3
20
3

Area
Zxx
Zyy
Ixx
Iyy

8.07
47.72
10.22
477.18
61.34

Purlin Weight

KG/CM2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm2
cm3
cm3
cm4
cm4

Section Modulus about Major Axis

Section Modulus about Minor Axis
Moment of Inertia about Major Axis
Moment of Inertia about Minor Axis

3.519 kg/sqm

Output Summary
Section Properties OK?

OK
OK

Stresses Ok?
Critical Stress Factor

OK
0.73

Deflection Check OK?

OK

Hence, Overall:

OK

Based on Section 9 of BS:5950 Part 5 1998

Based on IS 801 Clause 5.2.2.1

Notes:

1. Section Properties Check based on Section 9 of B:5950 Part 5 is a guideline and not mandatory
Hence, Design is considered Safe even if above check only is not okay but all other che
2. Currently, this design only works if full width is effective. If full width is not effective,
this spreadsheet will report Failure in Stress Check
3. Not suitable currently for curved roofs.
4. Design is not suitable for varying spans of purlins (varying truss spacing)

e and not mandatory

okay but all other checks are okay
effective,

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd
Z Purlin Design Report

Prepared By Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd.

Code Author: S. Arunkumar, Managing Director.

Code Version: R1

Code Year: 2011

Revision History

R0: Basic Design with checks for Stresses and Deflection based on IS 800 only
R1: Added Section property checks and Allowable Stress Calculations based on IS 801

JOB No.:

4786

DATE :

16/8/11

Input Data: Purlin Geometry

Span of the purlin
Spacing of the purlin
No. of Sag rods
Slope of the Roof

=
=
=
=

6.000 M
1.8 M
2
18 deg.

Number of Spans

Bending Moment Coefficients: Use 8 for Single/Two spans, 10 for 3 or more spans
Bending Moment Coefficient for Mxx(BMCX)
For Bending About Minor Axis, Number of spans= number of spans x (number of sagrods+1)
Number of Spans about Minor Axis
=
Bending Moment Coefficient for Myy(BMCY)
Cross Sectional Area of Purlin
=
Purlin Weight

10
9
10

8.07 cm2
6.334 kg/m
3.519 kg/sqm

(Area in sqcm x 0.785 kg/sqcm/m) in kg/m

(Weight in kg/m)/spacing

Design Calculations: Primary Load Cases

DEAD LOAD
Weight of Sheeting
Self Weight of Purlin (calculated above)
Extra load for weight
Other Dead Loads

6.000
3.519
0.352
0.000

10 % of purlin weight

Total Dead Load

=

kg/sqm
kg/sqm
kg/sqm
kg/sqm

9.871 kg/sqm
0.099 kN/sqm

LIVE LOAD
Live Load on Roof = 75 kg/sqm if slope is less than 10 degrees. If Slope is more than 10 degrees, LL = 75 2x(slope-10), subject to minimum of 40 kg/sqm
Live load on Roof

59 KG/M2

Additional Live Loads to be considered

=
(For Design of Wall Girt (Cladding Runner), additional Live loads to be considered can be entered as -ve of LL on roof)
Total Live Load
=

0 KG/M2

59 kg/sqm
0.590 kN/sqm

WIND LOAD
Basic Wind Speed Vb
k1
k3

39 m/s
1
1

Terrain Category
Maximum Horizontal Dimension of Building
Hence, Building Class is
Height of Top

2
33.528 m
B
10.3632 m

Based on the above data, k2 is obtained from the tables

k2
0.98
Design Wind Speed Vz=k1.k2.k3.Vb
Design Wind Pressure pz=0.6Vz^2
=
Ht of building at eaves level, h

Page 7

38.22 m/s
876.461 N/sqm
0.876 kN/sqm
=

5 m

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd
Width of the building, w
Length of the Building, l
Hence, h/w
and l/w

=
=
=
=

Based on the h/w and l/w, the values of Cpe is obtained from tables as noted below:
Maximum Downward Cpe (including sign)
Maximum Upward Cpe (including sign)
Based on % of openings, Cpi is taken as +/-

33.5 m
33.5 m
0.149
1.000

-0.4
-0.7
0.5

Wind Load is included in two load combinations DL+WL and DL+LL+WL

Since, Dead Load and Live Load are downward, DL+WL will be critical for the maximum upward wind force
Similarly, DL+LL+WL will be critical for the maximum downward wind force
WL1: Maximum Upward Wind Force To be used in combination DL+WL1
Maximum Upward Cpe (including sign)
Cpi to use (for upward, use -)

-0.7
-0.5

Hence, Cpe+Cpi =

-1.2

Design Wind Pressure pz

0.876 kN/sqm

Wind pressure for Purlin Design

-1.052 kN/sqm

WL2: Maximum Downward Wind Force To be used in combination DL+LL+WL2

Maximum Downward Cpe (including sign)
Cpi to use (for upward, use -)

-0.4
0.5

Hence, Cpe+Cpi =

0.1

Design Wind Pressure pz

0.876 kN/sqm

Wind pressure for Purlin Design

0.088 kN/sqm

Design Calculations: Primary Load Cases Conversion of forces to Normal And Tangential Components
Spacing of the purlin
Slope of the Roof

=
=

1.8 m
18 degrees

Total Dead Load

0.099 kN/sqm

DL Normal Component = DL x Spacing x cos(slope) =

DL Tangential Component = DL x Spacing x sin(slope) =

0.169 kN/m
0.055 kN/m

Total Live Load

0.590 kN/sqm

LL Normal Component = LL x Spacing x cos(slope) =

LL Tangential Component = LL x Spacing x sin(slope) =
Total Wind Load in WL1

WL is normal to roof
Hence, WL1 normal component = WL1 x Spacing =
And, WL1 Tangential component =
Total Wind Load in WL2

WL is normal to roof
Hence, WL2 normal component = WL2 x Spacing =
And, WL2 Tangential component =

Design Calculations:Summary of Loads in Load Combinations

Page 8

1.010 kN/m
0.328 kN/m
-1.052 kN/sqm

-1.893 kN/m
0 kN/m
0.088 kN/sqm

0.158 kN/m
0 kN/m

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd
From above calculations, the components of load in the various load combinations are tabulated
DL+LL
DL+WL1
DL+LL+WL2
Normal Load
1.179
-1.724
1.337 kN/m
Tangential Load
0.383
0.055
0.383 kN/m
For Strength Design, 0.75 factor is applicable for combinations with Wind Load since 33.33% extra stress is allowed
Hence, the components of load in the various load combinations for Strength design are
DL+LL
0.75(DL+WL1)
0.75(DL+LL+WL2)
Normal Load
1.179
-1.293
1.003 kN/m
Tangential Load
0.383
0.041
0.287 kN/m
Maximum Normal Component =

1.179 kN/m

Purlin Section Selected:

Section Name

Z 200x60x2.3

Yield stress of material

Flange Width, b
Depth of section d
Thickness t
Length of Lip lip_l
Internal Bending radius
Total bending Radius, rad

2400
60
200
2.3
20
3
5.3

Flange Width w/o bend, w = b 2 x rad

49.4 mm

Purlin Weight

kg/sqcm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

Area

8.07 cm2

Zxx

47.72 cm3

Zyy

10.22 cm3

Ixx

477.18 cm4

Iyy

61.34 cm4

=
=

6.334 kg/m
3.519 kg/sqm

(Area in sqcm x 0.785 kg/sqcm/m) in kg/m

(Weight in kg/m)/spacing

Design Calculations: Checking Basic Section Properties based on Section 9 of BS:5950 Part 5 1998
Check No. 1 Overall Depth <= 100t & >=L/45

Overall Depth
100t =
L/45 =

200 mm
230 mm
133.333 mm

Hence

OK

Check No. 2 Overall Width of Compression Flange<=35t

Flange Width, b
35t =

60 mm
80.5 mm

Hence

OK

Check No. 3 Width of Lip >= b/5

Width of Lip
B/5 =

20 mm
12 mm

Hence

OK

Check No. 4 Total Width over both flanges >= L/60

Total Width over both flanges

L/60 =
Hence

117.7 mm
100.000 mm
OK

Check No. 5 Zxx of Purlin >= WL/1400 for Simply Supported Purlin and >=WL/1800 for Continuous Purlin

Zxx

47.72 cm3

W is normal component of unfactored distributed dead load plus imposed load in kN

L is span of purlin in mm

Page 9

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd
W=
L=
Number of Spans
=
Hence, denominator =

7.074 kN
6000 mm
3
1800

WL/denominator

23.580

Hence

OK

Result 1: Check for Section Properties Based on BS 5950 Part 5 Sec.9:

OK

Design Calculations: Checking Basic Section Properties based on IS 801 for Lip of Purlin
Minimum Depth of Lip shall be 2.8 x t x ((w/t)^2-281200/Fy)^(1/6) and not less than 4.8t
t=
w=
Fy=
w/t=
2.8 x t x ((w/t)^2-281200/Fy)^(1/6)
4.8t=

2.3
49.4
2400
21.4782608696
17.048
11.04

Lip l=

mm
mm
kg/sqcm
mm
mm

20 mm

Hence

OK

Lip is Edge stiffener only if w/t<60

Here, w/t =

21.4782608696

Hence

OK

Result 2: Check for Section Properties Based on IS 801 Clause 5.2.2.1:

OK

Design Calculations: Stress Checks

Check for w/t, lim = 1435/sqrt(f)

As per clause 5.2.1.1 of IS 801,

f is the actual stress in compression element computed based on effective width
Compression stress based on full width = Max (Mxx/Zxx+Myy/Zyy) for all three unfactored combinations

Span for major axis bending = Span of purlin

=
6.000 m
Span for minor axis bending = Span of purlin / (no. of sagrods + 1)
=
2m
Bending Moment Coefficient for Mxx(BMCX)
Bending Moment Coefficient for Myy(BMCY)
Note: Calculation for the above is at the top of the report
DL+LL
Normal Load
Tangential Load

1.179
0.383

-1.724
0.055

DL+LL+WL2
1.337 kN/m
0.383 kN/m

Mxx
Myy

4.244
0.153

6.207
0.022

4.812 KN-m
0.153 KN-m

88.947
14.988

130.077
2.148

100.849 N/sqmm
14.988 N/sqmm

103.935

132.225

115.837 N/sqmm

Mxx/Zxx
Myy/Zyy
Mxx/Zxx+Myy/Zyy
Max. Compression Stress =
f

=
=

Page 10

DL+WL1

10
10

132.225 N/sqmm
132.225 N/sqmm
1322.249 kg/sqcm

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd

1435/sqrt(f) =
w/t =

39.463
21.4782608696

Hence

Design is restricted to Fully Effective Section

OK

Maximum Compressive Stress based on Lateral Buckling of Flange, as per Clause 6.3 of IS 801

Calculate X=L2Sxc/(dIyc)
and Y = Pi2ECb/Fy
Fb, the Allowable Compressive Stress based on Lateral Buckling of Flange is calculated as
X<0.18Y implies, Fb = 0.6 Fy
- CASE (i)
X>0.18Y but X<0.9Y implies, Fb= 0.667 Fy Fy . X / (2.7 Y)
- CASE (ii)
X>0.9Y implies Fb = 0.3 Fy . Y / X
- CASE (iii)
L = Unbraced Length of member = Span / (Number of sagrods+1)
Sxc = Compression Section Modulus of section about major axis = Zxx
d = Depth of Section =
Iyc = Moment of Inertia of the compression portion = Iyy/2

200
47.72
20
30.6708864958

Hence, X =

cm
Cm^3
cm
Cm^4

3111.639 (unitless)

Pi =
E = Modulus of Elasticity, as per IS 801 is taken as
Cb as per IS 801 can be taken conservatively assuming M1=0 (end span)
Fy =

3.1415926536
2074000 kgf/sqcm
1.75
2400 kg/sqcm

Hence Y =

14925.720 (unitless)

Hence, 0.18 Y =
And, 0.9 Y =

2686.630
13433.148

Comparing X with 0.18Y and 0.9Y, the applicable case is

Hence, Fb =
=
=

0.667Fy-Fy.X/(2.7Y)
1414.688929635 kg/sqcm
141.469 N/sqmm

1440 kg/sqcm
144 N/sqmm

141.469 N/sqmm

Basic Allowable Design Stress = 0.6Fy

Hence, allowable stress is calculated as lower of the two

DL+LL
Mxx/Zxx+Myy/Zyy
Allowed

DL+WL1
103.935
141.469

132.225
188.154

Safety Ratio

0.735

0.703

Max. Safety Ratio

0.735

DL+LL+WL2
115.837 N/sqmm, calculated above
188.154
0.616
OK

Shear Stress in Web

As per clause 6.4.1 of IS 801,allowed maximum average shear stress Fv in kgf/sqcm is calculated as
Case 1: If h/t is less than 4590/sqrt(Fy), Fv=1275 x sqrt(Fy) / (h/t)
Case 2: If h/t is more than 4590/sqrt(Fy), Fv=5850000 / (h/t)^2
Both are subject to maximum 0.4Fy
h
t
Hence, h/t =

195.400 mm
2.300
84.957

4590/sqrt(Fy) =

93.693

Hence, Case is :

Page 11

1275 x sqrt(Fy)/(h/t) =
5850000/(h/t)^2 =
0.4Fy =

735.223
810.518
960

(Clear Depth between flanges = Depth 2 x thickness)

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd

Hence, Fv =

to maximum of 0.4Fy
=
735.223 kgf/sqcm

Actual Shear

'=wl/2

Here, w = SQRT(Wn^2+Wt^2)

DL+LL

0.75(DL+WL1)
0.75(DL+LL+WL2)
-1.293
1.003 kN/m
0.041
0.287 kN/m

Normal Load
Tangential Load

1.179
0.383

w=
Hence, Shear=
Shear Stress fv=V/dt

1.240
3.719
8.275

1.294
3.881
8.636

1.043 kN/m
3.129 kN
6.962

Stress Ratio

0.113

0.117

0.095

Max. Shear Stress Ratio in Web

Hence

0.117

OK

Bending Stress in Web

As per clause 6.4.2of IS 801 for the design check of allowable stress in combined shear and bending
Fbw = 36560000/(h/t)^2
Here, h/t already calculated above as
84.957
Hence, Fbw =

5065.388 kg/sqcm
506.539 N/sqmm
Basic Allowable Design Stress calculated earlier = 0.6Fy
144 N/sqmm
Hence, governing value for Fbw =

144 N/sqmm

Already calculated fbw = Mxx/Zxx since Zyy at web is very high (x=t/2, Z=I/x)
DL+LL
DL+WL1
DL+LL+WL2
Mxx/Zxx
88.947
130.077
100.849 N/sqmm
Fbw
144
191.52
191.52
Safety Ratio
0.618
Max. Safety Ratio
0.679
In summary, Bending stresses in Web is:

0.679

0.527
OK

Combined Shear and Bending Stresses in Web

As per clause 6.4.3 of IS 801 for the design check of allowable stress in combined shear and bending
SQRT((fbw/Fbw)^2+(fv/Fv)^2) must be less than 1
In this clause, Fbw is not restricted by 0.6Fy and Fv is not restricted by 0.4Fy

DL+LL
506.539
735.223

673.697
977.847

DL+LL+WL2
673.697
977.847

Actual stresses already calculated are

fbw
88.947
fv=
8.275

130.077
8.636

100.849
6.962

Hence, Fbw =
And Fv =

DL+WL1

fbw/Fbw
fv/Fv

0.176
0.011

0.193
0.009

0.150
0.007

SQRT of sum of squar

0.176

0.193

0.150

Maximum Combined Stress Ratio in Web is

In summary, Combined stresses in Web is:

Page 12

0.193
OK

Z Purlin Design
Created
Report by Madurai ES Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd

Result 3: Check for Stresses:

OK

Overall Safety Ratio

0.735

Design Calculations: Deflection Check

Theoretical Deflection is calculated as (5/384) (wl^4/EI) for Simply Supported beam and (3/384) (wl^4/EI) for multiple spans
Here, number of spans =

Hence, formula to use =

(3/384) (wl^4/EI)

w is normal component of unfactored distributed load in kN/m, max. of all load combinations
=
1.724 kN/m
L = Span of the Purlin

6.000 m

E = Modulus of Elasticity, as per IS 801 is taken as

=

2074000 kg/sqcm
207400 N/sqmm

I = Ixx

477.18 Cm^4

Hence, Theoretical Deflection =

17.64 mm

Allowable Deflection as IS codes is Span/180:

33.33 mm

Hence

OK

As per MBMA, allowed deflection from Live load component must be within Span/240
Span

6.000 m
6000 mm

or
Span/240 =

25.00 mm

Normal Component of Live Load

Hence, deflection from Live Load =

1.01 kN/m
10.3331229651

Hence

OK

Result 4: Check for Deflection:

OK

Results Summary

Section Properties OK?

OK
OK

Stresses Ok?
Critical Stress Factor

OK
0.73

Deflection Check OK?

OK

Hence, Overall:

OK

Based on Section 9 of BS:5950 Part 5 1998

Based on IS 801 Clause 5.2.2.1

Notes:

1. Section Properties Check based on Section 9 of B:5950 Part 5 is a guideline and not mandatory
2. Currently, this design only works if full width is effective. If full width is not effective,
this spreadsheet will report Failure in Stress Check
3. Not suitable currently for curved roofs.
4. Design is not suitable for varying spans of purlins (varying truss spacing)

Page 13