welding qualification

according to ISO 5817

level B
(cooling channel welds)

Part 1

Part 1(left),
welder 1
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0&12,3$/345*'0&/"3%'4:'4$$413/&'9&%)'7&")1='3#$&,:&2/345'(!>'
?@AB.-.ABA='1;,35G"D&'2"83/<'"/'/;&',44/'4:'/;&'9&%)'
>,3D35"%'#"D53:32"/345*'@BFB'C'1"51'24"C3"%'

distortion is not
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-.?B-='1/,"<'",2'
>,3D35"%'#"D53:32"/345*'EF-'C'1"51'24"C3"%'

specified in norm,
stray arc and small cavity
do not fulfil the norm.

Part 1(right),
welder 1
!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'-'
0&12,3$/345*'0&/"3%'4:'4$$413/&'9&%)'7&")1='54'83137%&'
3#$&,:&2/345'
>,3D35"%'#"D53:32"/345*'@BFB'C'1"51'24"C3"%'

distortion is not
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-.?B-='1/,"<'",2'
>,3D35"%'#"D53:32"/345*'EF-'C'1"51'24"C3"%'

specified in norm,
stray arc does not fulfil
the norm.

Part 1(left),
welder 1I

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13&94048#"&4=)"%;"2+431&

Part 1(right),
welder 1I
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4=)"%;"2+431&

Part 1I

Part 1I(left),
welder 1
!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'0'
1&23,4$/456*'1&/"4%'5='466&,'/A8&':"%%B'$,58"8%&'$,&2&63&'5='
#",/&624/&'
;,4<46"%'#"<64=43"/456*'->>?>'@'2"62'35"@4"%'

martensite probably formed because

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1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:'
;,4<46"%'#"<64=43"/456*'->?>'@'2"62'35"@4"%'

tube was held in position by an

inner pin, when the weld cooled
down, and the material was subject
to plastic deformation,
only a problem for cryogenic
temperatures or if magnetism is
critical.

Part 1I(right),
welder 1
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1&23,4$/456*'1&/"4%'5='466&,'/A8&':"%%B'$,58"8%&'$,&2&63&'5='
#",/&624/&'
;,4<46"%'#"<64=43"/456*'->>?>'@'2"62'35"@4"%'

same as for left side,

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1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:'
;,4<46"%'#"<64=43"/456*'->?>'@'2"62'35"@4"%'

Part 1I(left),
welder 1I
!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'-'
0&12,3$/345*'0&/"3%',44/'4<'/A&'9&%)B'3#$&,<&2/345'(!:'CD->.
=.->-B'1A,35E";&'"/'/A&',44/'4<'/A&'9&%)'
:,3;35"%'#";53<32"/345*'D>?>'@'1"51'24"@3"%'

does not fulfil the norm,

but is not significant.
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0&12,3$/345*'6%47"%'83&9'
:,3;35"%'#";53<32"/345*'=>?>'@'1"51'24"@3"%'

Part 1I(right),
welder 1I
!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'-'
0&12,3$/345*'0&/"3%'<A%%'$&5&/,"/345B'3#$&,<&2/345'(!:'CD->.=.
D=CB',44/'$4,413/E'
:,3;35"%'#";53<32"/345*'D>?>'@'1"51'24"@3"%'

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0&12,3$/345*'6%47"%'83&9'
:,3;35"%'#";53<32"/345*'=>?>'@'1"51'24"@3"%'

does not fulfil the norm,

but is not significant.

Part III

Part III (left + right), welder 1:

perfect welds!

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1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:;'65'94248%&'4#$&,<&3/456;'
$&6&/,"/456'5<'=>=-'##'
?,4@46"%'#"@64<43"/456*'=A>A'B'2"62'35"B4"%'

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1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:;'65'94248%&'4#$&,<&3/456;'
$&6&/,"/456'5<'->CD'##'
?,4@46"%'#"@64<43"/456*'=A>A'B'2"62'35"B4"%'

Part III (left + right), welder 1I:

perfect welds!

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1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:'65'94248%&'4#$&,;&3/456<'$&6&/,"/456'
5;'-=>?'##'
@,4A46"%'#"A64;43"/456*'-B=B'C'2"62'35"C4"%'

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$&6&/,"/456'5;'-=?'##'
@,4A46"%'#"A64;43"/456*'-B=B'C'2"62'35"C4"%'

Part IV

Part 1V(left),
welder 1
!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'0'
1&23,4$/456*'1&/"4%',55/'5<'/E&':&%);'4#$&,<&3/456'(!A'?F=C.
-.F-?;',55/'$5,524/G'
A,4B46"%'#"B64<43"/456*'FC>C'D'2"62'35"D4"%'

!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'0'
1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:;'$&6&/,"/456'5<'=>?@'##'
A,4B46"%'#"B64<43"/456*'-?>C'D'2"62'35"D4"%'

probably not critical,

but could be improved ,

Part 1V(right),
welder 1

!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'0'
1&23,4$/456*'1&/"4%',55/'5<'/E&':&%);'4#$&,<&3/456'(!@'B?=C.
-.0CC;'%"3F'5<'<G2456'
@,4A46"%'#"A64<43"/456*'?C>C'D'2"62'35"D4"%'

!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'0'
1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:;'$&6&/,"/456'5<'=>??'##'
@,4A46"%'#"A64<43"/456*'-B>C'D'2"62'35"D4"%'

probably not critical,

but could be improved,

Part IV (left + right), welder 1I:

perfect welds!

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1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:;'65'94248%&'4#$&,<&3/456;'
$&6&/,"/456'5<'-=>?'##'
@,4A46"%'#"A64<43"/456*'BC=D'E'2"62'35"E4"%'

!"#$%&'()*'+&%)&,'-.$",/'0'
1&23,4$/456*'7%58"%'94&:;'65'94248%&'4#$&,<&3/456;'
$&6&/,"/456'5<'F=B'##'
@,4A46"%'#"A64<43"/456*'BC=D'E'2"62'35"E4"%'

Summary
Welder 1:
Part 1: Excessive distortion
+ stray arc + shrinkage cavity
could be observed.
Part 2: No weld
imperfection could be
observed, probable presence
of martensite.
Part 3: Penetration between
1.8 mm and 2.2 mm.
Part 4: Penetration of 2.6
mm, root oxidation + lack of
fusion could be observed.

Welder 1I:
Part 1: Excessive distortion
+ stray arc + shrinkage cavity
could be observed
Part 2: Full penetration on
inner tube, root oxidation
could be observed.
Part 3: Penetration between
2.1 mm and 2.4 mm
Part 4: Penetration between
2.9 mm and 3.1 mm
Root oxidation (backfilling with
protective gas?) and lack of
fusion are not permitted
according to level B of ISO 5817