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POWER PLANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

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boiler animation

BOILER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q. What is boiler?
Ans. According to Indian Boiler Act 1923, a boiler is a closed

pressure vessel / steam generating unit with minimum capacity

of 22.70 liters, including all mountings and accessories or we can
say that the boiler is a steam generator which convert chemical
energy of fuel into heat energy which is utilized for steam

generation .The steam can be generated as per desired pressure

and temperature.

Image of a Boiler
Types of boiler :-There are generally three types of boiler used as.
i) Shell type of boiler - It is the most oldest technology has a simple
shell with a feed pipe and steam outlet mounted on a brick setting
called furnace.It has very low steam generating capacity and low
efciency as compared to other boiler.
ii) Fire/smoke tube boiler - This boiler was used as a steam engine
in 18th century.Here the re/smoke passes through the tube which
is immersed in water and heat transfer takes place water
converted to steam , collected through steam pipe.This boiler has
the disadvantage that gasses choke the tube path and restrict the
gas ow.
iii) Water tube boiler - This boiler is considered as the most efcient
boiler and mostly used now days. Here the water passes through
the tube and ame on the surrounding of the tube.Very large
capacity of steam can be generated in this type of boiler.
Q. What is circulation ratio of a boiler?
Ans.

It is the ratio of the quantity of water-steam mixture owing

through the circuit to the quantity of steam produced in the circuit ,
The circulationratio of once through /super critical boiler isone
becauseall water Is converted to steam.More circulation ratio
means less efcient is the Boiler.
The circulation ratios of,
1. Natural circulation industrial boiler - 10 to 25
2. Natural circulation utility boiler -7 to 9
3. Assisted circulation boilers - 2 to 4
4. Forced circulation / once through boiler - 1
Q What are the boiler mountings?
Ans. The boiler mountings are used for safe and efcient operation
of boiler, these are placed in out side of the boiler.
1. Safety valve.
2.pressure gauge.
3.Water level gauge glass.. Pressure gauge.
4. Start-up vent.
5.Air vent.
5.Manhole.
Q. What are boiler accessories?
Ans. These are the integral part of boiler which help to run the boiler
most efciently These are,
1. Super heater.
2. Economizer.

3.Air pre- heater.

4.ID and FD fans.
5. Ash handling system.
6.Dosing system.
7. Soot blower.
8.De super heating system.
Q. What is turn down ratio of boiler?
Ans. It is the operating range of boiler from maximum capacity to
minimum capacity in which the boiler can run efciently without
any external fuel support .The higher turn down ratio greaterthe
efciency of boiler. For example if the boiler is designed 80mw and
can operate up to 20mw without any external fuel support and any
variations of parameter then the turn down ratio is 80/20=4.
Q. What is boiler efciency?
Ans. It is the ratio of heat output to heat input of the boiler.
Boiler efciency= Heat output / heat input *100.
=steam ow (enthalpy of steam -enthalpy of feed water) / coal
ow * gcv.
For example if there is a 80mw boiler with 540 dig centigrade of
main steam temperature, feed water temperature of 300 dig
centigrade , coal ow 56 ton, gcv 4000 kcal/kg then the boiler
efciency will be =307(826.28-242.58)/56*4000=80%.
Q. What Is turbine heat rate?
Ans. It the ratio of heat input to MW generated in kcal/kWh.
= steam ow(enthalpy of steam-enthalpy of feed water) / MW.

Q. What is evaporation ratio?

Ans. It the ratio of quantity of steamgeneration in kg/hr to quantity
of fuel consumed in kg/hr. Evaporation ratio =quantity of
steamgeneration/quantity of fuel consumed.For example quantity
of steam Is 310 ton/hr and fuel is 55 ton/hr then theevaporation
ratio is 5.63. Evaporation ratio is also known as steam fuel ratio.A
drop in evaporation ratio indicates drop in boiler efciency.Boiler
evaporation ratio depends on fuel quality. Higher caloric value of
fuel having higher evaporation ratio.
Value of evaporation ratio for different types of boiler is listed asa) Coal red boiler- 4.0-6.0.
b) Oil red boiler- 13.0-14.5 .
c) Gas red boiler- 11.0-13.
Q. What isstoichiometric combustion?
Ans. It is dened as the theoretical combustion inwhich fuel is
burnt completely. It is used to determine the actual theoretical air
required for a proper combustion.
Q. What is foaming of boiler?
Ans. It is the generation of foam In boiler due to high concentration
of solids, organic matter, bubbles are build up on the surface of
boiler water and passed out with the steam. This is generally
caused due to high concentration of solids in boiler.
Q. What is priming of boiler ?
Ans. It Is the carrying amount of droplet water in the steam, witch
leads to carryover of Salt crystals on the super heater and turbines.
priming may be caused due to sudden change of load and
maintaining of high level of water.

Prevention of priming and foaming :The best remedy for foaming and priming carryover is the
proper blow down of TDS. The continuous blow down should
be regulated to maintain the TDS at 3,000 to 4,000 ppm.
More blow down means less TDS but more blow down is the more
loss of the boiler so the blow down should be within control level
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