Environmental Sanitation Clearance

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant
Basic Project Information

Name of the Project :
Proposed 2,000 cubic meters per day

Capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant
Location :
Magay St., R.T. Lim Boulevard,

Zamboanga City
Nature of Project :
Wastewater Management Project
Proponent Profile
Proponent Name
Zamboanga City Water District
Address
Pilar St., Zamboanga City
Authorized
Leonardo Rey D. Vasquez
Signatory/Representative General Manager
to Apply for ECS
Represented by :
Arnulfo A. Alfonso
Assistant General Manager for Technical
Services
Contact Details
Tel No. : 991-1556

Field Office (Engineering) : 955-4235
Fax No. : 991-2799
2.0 Site Information

The proposed project site was chosen based on location,
possibility of land availability, land area, and elevation with
respect to flood level.
The existing site of the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
owned by the Local Government of Zamboanga City is located 300
meters away from the West Pumping Station. The project will
utilize 1,800 square meters of the area for the construction of
the 4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant.
Last April 22, 2014, a Memorandum of Agreement has been
signed by the Local Government of Zamboanga, represented by the
City Mayor, Maria Isabelle Climaco-Salazar, and the Zamboanga
Ciy Water District, represented by its General Manager, Leonardo
Rey D. Vasquez, for the use of the said area. This was witnessed
by members of the Board of Directors of ZCWD and the department
heads and key personnel of the local government.
The project site is bounded on North by Gov. Lim Avenue
(Magay Street), on the East by a Mosque and the open space
nearing the Zamboanga City Public Market, on the south by the
Magay Creek along the Philippine Ports Authority, on the West by
the MRF. Along the North side, there are found certain
structures made of light materials but which are no longer part
of the bounded area.
2.0 Project Rationale/Objective
The provision of effective sanitation services is a key
development challenge in the Philippines. As the population
rises and is increasingly concentrated in urban centers, there
is corresponding increase in wastewater generation. Under the
Clean Water Act, water utilities in highly urbanized areas, in
coordination with local government units (LGUs), are required to
connect existing sewage lines to available sewerage systems. In
areas where there are no sewerage systems, water utilities may
adopt a sanitation improvement program that will regularly
remove septage to increase the performance of septic tanks.
Within the
ZCWD
franchise area, only
a very small
percentage of households
are connected to
the existing
sewerage system.
The existing system
however lacks the
necessary treatment facility to treat raw sewage.
Most houses
that are not connected to the existing system use septic tanks
which only provide partial treatment of sewage.
The
lack of
maintenance of septic tanks renders the partial treatment
useless as it makes the septage or the contents of the septic
tank more pollutive when directly discharged to drainage canals
and eventually to bodies of water. This
is also the case for
sewerage systems without wastewater treatment facilities.
2.1 Objectives
The operational objectives of the project are:
1.
To provide
a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
for the
existing
ZCWD sewer network
that will reduce pollution
attributed to untreated sewage discharge or overflow from
households;
2.
To rehabilitate the existing sewer network including
the expansion of the sewerage coverage area;
3.
To provide efficient and affordable
sewerage service
initially
to
existing
ZCWD
sewered
customers
and
ultimately to all targeted areas within the franchise of
ZCWD;
4.
To comply
to
all
existing local and national
environmental laws and regulations on effluent and sludge
disposal
by
construction and operation of
efficient
treatment plants and sludge disposal facility; and
5. To improve water quality, sanitation and public health
conditions to enhance economic productivity and potentials
in fishery, aquatic life and eco-tourism in the general
areas of Zamboanga City and adjoining municipalities.
3.0 Project Type and Area Covered
This project will cover the existing collection system
which covers approximately 80 hectares of the downtown area
including the following barangays: Zone I, II, portion of Zone
III and Zone IV.
The general
components:
project
scheme
will
take
on
the
following
Phase I (Year 2010-2015)

Construction of STP at MRF Site with 2015 design sewage
flow
Construction of interconnection works from West Pumping
Station to STP at MRF
Phase II (Year 2015-2020)
Sewer network investigation and rehabilitation works
Rehabilitation of East and West Pumping Stations and

discharge lines
Expansion of Sewerage System utilizing separate system of
sewage
collection
(pipe
laying,
interconnection,
and
service connection works)
Expansion of STP to accommodate flows from expansion area
(2020 design sewage flow)
4.0 Operational Process

Sewer System
The sanitary system dates back to year 1933 when it
was constructed during the American occupation. It covers
an area of approximately 80 hectares covering most of the
citys downtown area. The collection system consists of
approximately 11,400 l.m. of vitrified clay pipes with
lengths and sizes broken down as follows: 830 l.m. of 100
mm diameter, 5,390 l.m. of 150 mm, 4,960 l.m. of 250 mm,
and 220 l.m. of 300 mm. Excluded are private lines of large
establishments connected into the system. Figure 3-4 shows
the existing layout plan of the sewerage system. The Magay
Creek (Sucabon Creek) divides the sewer service area into
the East and West catchment areas. Sewage flow from the
East catchment are conveyed by gravity to the East Pumping
Station, which are then pumped to the West Pumping Station
via two 200 mm diameter cast iron (CI) pressure pipes.
Likewise, sewage flows generated from the West catchment
are collected in the receiving tanks of the West Pumping
Station where together with the flows from the East
catchment are no currently being discharged into Magay
Creek.
5.0 Plans and Specifications
This project will be undertaken under a Design and Build
Scheme. Thus, the detailed plans and specifications of this
project cannot yet be presented.
However, a the preliminary design of the sewerage treatment
plant is presented as follows:
5.1 Treatment Options

(1) Sewage Characteristics and Effluent Limits
The sewage treatment plant (STP) should be able
to produce an effluent that meets all the required
discharge standards, must be cost-efficient with
minimal operational and maintenance requirements
and must be robust enough to accept varying organic
and
hydraulic
loads.
Varying
and
fluctuating
wastewater characteristics are highly expected
during STP operations. Low organic content of
sewage (i.e. BOD < 70 mg/l) is susceptible to
endogenous respiration in the aeration tank for
biological treatment system. Such condition will
result to thinning of bio-sludge in the reactor and
formation of sludge with poor ability to settle. In
addition to appropriate STP design, good operation
and process control will be the key in meeting the
compliance limit all the time.
The proposed sewage flow characteristics are
presented with range values and are shown in the
Table 5.1. The one-time sampling conducted in March
2009 yielded a BOD of 98 mg/l. This is relatively
low compared to average sewage characteristics.
Since this is a one-time sampling event, the design
parameters for the STP will be referred to reported
literature values. The effluent standards of Class
C water as stipulated in DAO 35 should be used as
the treatment objective criteria for the proposed
STP.
The specific water quality parameters that must
be complied with are listed in Table 5.2.
Table 5.1 Design Criteria for ZCWD-STP
Table 5.2 Effluent Standards: Conventional and Other

Pollutants Inland Waters Class C
Parameter
Units
Effluent Limits
Color
PCU
150
pH
6.5-9.0
COD
mg/L
100
mg/L
50
BOD5 @ 20
Total Suspended Solids
mg/L
70
Oil and Grease
mg/L
5
Phenolic substances
mg/L
0.10
Total Coliforms
MPN/100 ml
10,000
source: DENR Administrative Order No. 35 s. 1995
(2) Preliminary Treatment Units

Preliminary treatment units, the first stage of
sewage treatment, must be able to efficiently remove
coarse solids and other large materials often found in
sewage to protect downstream equipment such as
transfer and sludge pumps and mechanical scrapers.
Preliminary (or pre-treatment) operations typically
include flow equalization, oil and grease removal,
coarse to fine screening, grit removal and, in some
cases, macerating or grinding of large suspended
solids.
A
number
of
pre-treatment
units
are
recommended for the sewage treatment plants. These are
the following:
Screening - Coarse screening of solids with particle

diameter of 6 to 150 mm may be accomplished using bar
racks or bar screens (mechanically cleaned). Inert
materials less than 6 mm in diameter may be removed by
fine screens (fixed parabolic type or rotary drum).
Inclined bar screens are frequently applied atSTPs,
pumping stations and polder pumps. It may be a

continuous self-cleaning screening belt that removes
fine and coarse solids with mesh width of screen in
the range of 0.5 to 30 mm.
Removal of Grits - This is accomplished after
screening and before flow equalization in order to
protect
mechanical
equipment
from
abrasion
and
accelerated wear. Grit removal will separate sand,
gravel or any other heavy non-putrescible materials
from the sewage. This may be accomplished in grit
removal chambers or by centrifugal separations of
solids.
Flow Equalization - This pre-treatment unit is often
required for separate systems whether operating on
dry- or wet- weather flow. This is often accomplished
by using equalization basin properly designed based on
peak and minimum diurnal flow patterns providing an
average of 2 hours detention for the design flow.
(3) Main Treatment Units

The main treatment may either involve chemical
treatment or biological treatment. In some cases, the
enhanced chemical precipitation process using either
plate clarifiers or diffused/dissolved air flotation
may be considered as an alternative to biological
treatment units especially for combined sewer flows.
The process is usually attractive to sewage flow with
low organic loads but relatively high inert or nonbiodegradable suspended solids. However, the process
will
entail
large
chemical
consumption
and
subsequently will produce considerable volume of
sludge which will need further processing, treatment
and
disposal.
Organic
removal
using
biological
treatment process is recommended for this project.
Four (4) biological treatment systems were evaluated
using a technology selection criteria developed for
MWCI in Metro Manila (MTSP Feasibility Study in 2003).
These selection criteria are as follows:
Process reliability this relates to the risk of the

process
breaking
down,
either
through
inherent
malfunction or upset from an external source, and
thereby not achieving the intended effluent discharge
standards.
Technical complexity - more sophisticated treatment
processes
would
tend
to
score
lower
than
technologically more simple processes because of the
need of the former for more skilled operators and the
fact that the more sophisticated the process the
greater the risk of something going wrong.
Land requirement the facility footprint is often a
key factor to influence the process selection in urban
schemes where land values are high. A compact system
may well be more attractive than a less compact
system, even if more costly, if the land released has
a high intrinsic value.
Expansion potential a system that can be expanded
through the addition of process modules to accommodate
increased loads or modified to upgrade performance
efficiency (future tightening of discharge standards),
is more attractive than a system that will have to be
totally replaced with a new process at some time in
the future.
Table 5.3 summarizes the features of the various biological

treatment systems considered.
Table 5.3 Comparative Advantages and

Selected Biological Treatment Systems
Disadvantages
of
(4) Sludge Handling and Other Post Treatments

Sludge
treatment
and
disposal
is
a
major
consideration
in
choosing
the
appropriate
main
treatment technology. Sludges are mainly due to the
production of excess sludges during the biological
treatment process. To prevent nuisance due to odor,
these sludges must be stabilized, dewatered and
disposed of properly in landfill as soon as possible.
Sludges may be stabilized and later used as soil
conditioners or fertilizers. Available separation
technologies considered are presented in Table 5.4.
Chlorine disinfection is often used for STP system.
Other options currently used are ultraviolet (UV)
radiation, ozonation, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid
and electron beam irradiation (E-beam).
Table 5.4 Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of BioSludge Handling Equipment
10
Fig. 5.1 Sample STP Site Layout as recommended by Philippine Water Revolving Fund
11
6.0 Description of Existing Environment

Topography and Geology
The study area is situated on a coastal plain covering
stretches of generally flat terrain with elevations ranging from
zero to 50 meters above mean sea level (mamsl). In general, the
profile is sloping from the shoreline before gradually becoming
rolling and mountainous toward the center of the peninsula. The
urban center of the study area is situated in a relatively flat
terrain located near the shoreline with elevations reaching only
up to 5 mamsl.
The coastal plains of the Zamboanga Peninsula are covered
by recent alluvium, raised coral reefs, and beach deposits. The
uplands on the other hand are made up of igneous and sedimentary
rocks of tertiary age, mainly andesitic, volcanic, limestones,
shales, and tuffs.
A large expanse of the study area is covered by lowland San
Miguel silt, characterized by a reddish brown color, friable,
and takes the form of a fine granular silt loam. This soil type
is mostly planted to rice, corn, and fruit trees.
The mountainous portions of the study area have soils which
are characterized by gray to dark gray which was formed from
residual soils underlain with coralline limestone. Drainage in
this soil type is good externally and varies from fair to poor
internally.
Hydrology
Zamboanga City has two pronounced seasons, the wet and dry.
The wet season begins in April and ends in November while the
rest of the year is dry with occasional rains. The mean annual
rainfall over the study area is 1,129 mm with an average
temperature of 27.2 C, December and January being the cold
months with temperature registers of 26 to 27 C1
1
Zamboanga City Climatological Station, PAGASA (1950-1985)
12
There are two major river systems that traverse the study
area. These are the Tumaga River and the Baliwasan River. The
Tumaga River drains the Pasonanca Reserve at the upstream
running southeast before exiting into the Moro Gulf. The
Baliwasan River on the other hand drains the eastern most
portion of the study area before finally discharging intothe
Basilan Strait. One of the major tributary which branched out
from the Tumaga River is Magay Creek. This creek drains the city
center of Zamboanga City, originating from Barangay Camino Nuevo
and discharging into Basilan Strait fronting the international
sea port.
7.0 Brief Discussion On Environmental And Health Impacts
One of the objectives of constructing this sewerage
treatment plant is to improve the water quality, sanitation and
public health conditions to enhance economic productivity and
potentials in fishery, aquatic life and eco-tourism in the
general areas of Zamboanga City and adjoining municipalities.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified diseases
related to water into four categories:
1) water-borne diseases e.g., cholera, hepatitis A,typhoid,
diarrhea and dysentery;
2) water-washed
diseases
e.g.,
diarrhea,
intestinal
parasitism, conjunctivitis (sore eyes), and skin diseases;
3) water-based diseases e.g., schistosomiasis; and
4) water-vector related diseases e.g., malaria, filariasis and
dengue or H-fever.
The discharge of untreated wastewater into the coastal
waters poses detrimental effects not only to the water body and
its biodiversity but also to the aquatic resources that are
eventually consumed by the people of Zamboanga.
Thus, it is anticipated that upon the operation of this
sewerage treatment plant, there will be gradual but considerable
improvements in the water quality of the receiving body. The
limited pollution load of the effluent discharged into the
creek, which are within or even lower than the standards set by
13
DENR, would allow the natural assimilation of these pollutants

by the water body.
Possible environmental impacts that are expected in the
operation of the STP include the following:
Odour and air pollution from the plant and from the
disposal of effluents and sludge;
Infiltration of sewage into topsoil, aquifer, or water
supply and impact of water supply;
Mosquito
breeding
and
diseases
transmitted
by
mosquitos;
Solid waste disposal of sludge and other wastes;
Tourist and recreation areas such as nature reserves,
forests, parks, monuments, sport centers, beaches, and
other open areas which would be impacted;
Possible emergencies and plant failures, the frequency
at which they may occur, and possible consequences of
such emergencies.
In order to mitigate these impacts, the winning bidder or
contractor would be required to incorporate measures that would
control odor and install air emission control equipment to
mitigate the impacts on air.
There is a slim chance of infiltration of sewage into the
water supply since there is a sanitary clearance that is being
observed against the water system. Futhermore, the water sources
are located upstream of the location of the sewerage system and
the proposed STP. However, regular maintenance checks are being
performed to mitigate infiltration of sewage into the ground
water. The Phase II of this project involves the replacement of
of the old sewer lines where the structural integrity of such
pipes are already in question considering the age of said pipes.
To avoid mosquito breeding within the STP from tanks, most
of said tanks will be constructed sub-surface and will be
enclosed. The aeration process of the said tanks will not be
conducive for mosquito breeding because of its continuous
disturbance and agitation.
14
The present case where raw sewage is directly discharged

30-40 meters from the West Pumping Station
could have
contributed to the degrading water quality of the Cawa-Cawa Bay.
Despite such fact, tourism has not dwindled, but had rather
increased the number of beach goers. However, with the advent of
the STP operation, it could be expected that the water quality
of the beach would gradually improve with its continuous
operation.
8.0 Brief Discussion on Mitigating/Control Measures
The following mitigating measures will be implemented in
the event that the following circumstances may arise during the
operation of the STP:
Treatment Plant Failure
Standby generators should be provided in order to
provide immediately the power requirements should there be
power failure. Chlorination of the effluent could also be
increased during these periods to reduce pathogenic
bacteria in the effluent.
It will be ensured that all plant equipment must at
all times be in good operating condition. Training
programmes
and
for
plant
operation
and
maintenance
activities will be included as part of the project's
technical assistance program. Funds will be allotted to
make available new equipment parts and training after the
project's contractors have completed their obligations.
Outfall Location and Design
The location of the effluent outfall is be so located
as to ensure the maximum dilution of the effluent in the
Magay Creek.
However, the discharge of effluent will not be
regularly determined as water reclamation will be an option
in the operation of the STP which will also be open for use
by the City Environment and Natural Resources Office, the
15
City General Services Office and the

Authority for their general purposes use.
Philippine
Ports
Plant Odour, Mosquito And Other Nuisance

Odours from the plant are expected to be reduced from
existing levels and not pose a major problem due to the
location of the project site and the south-westerly wind
which would carry most of the odour to the sea.
Fly and mosquito breeding can be controlled in ponds
and the sludge drying lagoons by chemical application (i.e.
calcium hypochlorite, chlorine).
Noise from the plant is expected to be minimal, and
the location of the plant and wind direction will reduce
this adverse impact. Adverse impacts of heavy traffic to
and from the plant of local street traffic and noise is
expected to be minimal during plant operations.
Other control and mitigating measures which will be
implemented during the construction and operation phases of this
project
will
be
discussed
under
the
section
on
Mitigating/Control Measures.
9.0 Occupational and Safety Measures
Since the project will be using the Design and Build
Scheme, the contractor will be required to observe the following
occupational and safety measures, among others. They shall
provide sufficient number of the following items to ensure the
safety and welfare of their employees, its subcontractors, the
Engineer and its agents and the public during the execution of
the work.
1. PPE
2. Signages
3. Barricades or bollards
4. Warning Lights
5. Steel plates for open excavation
6. Board-up fence
16
7. Access ladder
8. Sheeting and shoring for excavation
9. Safety engineer and traffic aides
10.
Other safety equipment necessary to execute the work
in a safe manner
11.
All other items that are required by the DPWH, City
Engineers Office and/or LGU for the safe execution of the
Work
During plant operations, the following safety measures will be
implemented on the following phases/aspects of the operation:
9.1 Safety
ZCWD, as the end user, shall be responsible in
ensuring the safety of its employees and guests by
providing a safe working environment. It shall ensure that
prior to the operation of the Sewerage Treatment Plant, its
employees shall have completed a safety training. Monthly
safety meetings, and regular safety trainings, will be
conducted to update the existing safety plans. All
employees will undergo CPR and Basic First Aid Training.
The STP Supervisor will maintain a record of all
training provided. He shall also be responsible for
insuring that all plant plans and programs are reviewed on
an annual basis.
9.2 Peak Flows
The STP personnel shall determine peak flows and when
influent wet wells high level alarm is activated. In such
cases, the Supervisor shall be alerted and the latter shall
assign an Operator who will monitor the plant during the
peak flow event.
Operators will check the condition of the bar screens
and watch for hydraulic over loading of treatment processes
for the duration of the event. The STP will be monitored 24
hours a day for as long as the peak conditions exist.
17
9.2.1 Responding to Peak Flows

Responsible
Action
Personnel
Operator
- receives
an
alarm
for
influent high level
- acknowledges the alarm and
checks plant flow
- - notifies Supervisor of
the alarm condition
Supervisor
- Checks
current
weather
conditions
and
predicted
rainfall
- Schedules
Operators
to
monitor the plant during
the event.
Scheduled
- Monitors flow through the
Operator
treatment process
- Checks for influent flow in
excess of pump capacity
- Monitors
chlorination
process to insure proper
function
- Manually rakes screens when
necessary
- Checks grit classifier for
continuous operation
- Checks sewer levels at key
manholes in the collection
system as may be directed
by the Supervisor
- Log
activities
in
the
Operations Log Book
9.3 Sanitary Sewer Overflows

There is an overflow event when there is a release of
untreated sewage to the environment or inside of a building
not including permitted combined sewer overflow points. The
cause of the overflow includes:
Overtopping of manholes
Overflow of pump station wet wells
Force main pipeline breaks
Air release valve failures
18
Sewer line blockages

Sewer line or main failures
Flow exceeding the capacity
system
of
the
collection
These cases require immediate emergency responses

which include, but are not limited, to the following:
Division Manager to mobilize personnel to stop,
control, contain and clean up the spill.
Division
Manager
must
notify
the
following
authorities:
o DPWH or City Engineers Office, as the case
may be;
o Department of Health, Center for Health
Development;
o Department
of
Environment
and
Natural
Resources-Environmental Management Bureau
o Local Government of Zamboanga City
The STP manager must ensure that the contaminated area
is barricaded of and evaluates the event to eliminate
hazards, both current and future, to the public health and
environment.
It shall also undertake the following preventive
measures, to wit:
Establish a gravity sewer cleaning schedule;
Conduct
video
inspection
of
the
collection
system;
Verify the capacity of the collection system and
of the plant with each new development;
Provide battery back up alarm system in both
pumping stations;
Redundant pump, valve and control system in all
pump stations;
Provide emergency power generation system at
plant and in all pumping stations
9.3.1 Responding to Sewer Overflows
Responsible
Action
19
Personnel
Plant Manager
Response Team
Scheduled
Operator
Upon notification of an
overflow event, evaluates
the resources needed to
stop , contain or control
the event;
Assigns a response team to
stop, contain and control
the spill
Mobilizes
the
personnel
responsible
Reports the overflow event
to the proper authorities
If the spill is in a
traffic
area,
divert
traffic away from the spill
with
barriers
and/or
flaggers;
Contains the spills with
sandbags or other barriers
Blocks storm drains and
other
runoff
points
to
prevent spill from reaching
receiving waters;
If
spill
is
on
the
pavement, hoses down the
spill area thoroughly using
the vacuum truck to pick up
the rinse water; or
If spill is on bare ground,
removes
the
contaminated
soil;
Returns the site condition
it was in before the spill.
Completes other clean up
tasks as may be directed by
the Department of Health,
the supervisors and proper
authorities.
Reports clean up measures
undertaken
o
the
plant
manager.
Monitors flow through the
treatment process
Checks for influent flow in
excess of pump capacity
Monitors
chlorination
20
process to insure proper

function
Manually rakes screens when
necessary
Checks grit classifier for
continuous operation
Checks sewer levels at key
manholes in the collection
system as may be directed
by the Supervisor
Log
activities
in
the
Operations Log Book
9.3.2 Reporting a Sewer Overflow Event

The STP Manager, within five (5) days from the
occurrence of a sewer overflow event, will take the
following actions:
1. Receive a notification of the event;
2. Investigate the cause of the event;
3. Gathers data about the event including start
time, duration, estimated volume discharged,
area affected and point of entry intro
receiving waters;
4. Writes the detailed report on the event
including
the
steps
taken
to
prevent
reoccurrence.
5. Submits the written report to the ZCWD
Management, DENR-EMB, DOH-CHD IX, and the
City Health Office.
The Supervisor shall:
1. Gather
the
necessary
data
including
surrounding the event including the start
time,
duration,
estimated
volume
and
affected area;
2. Inform ZCWD Management, DENR-EMB IX, DOH-CHD
IX and the City Health Office to report the
incident and pass on information gathered.
3. Take
photographs
of
the
incident
for
documentation purposes.
21
4. Contacts the STP Manager to report the

incident and pass on information;
5. Writes the summary of the incident to be
submitted to the STP Manager;
9.4
Chemical Handling
As a measure of safety, personnel must at all times

wear protective gear including but not limited to safety
glass and gloves.
9.4.1
First Aid for Chemical Exposure
1. Eyes :
Wash eyes
for 15 minutes and
thoroughly
get
with
water
medical
assistance
2. Skin :
Flush skin with soap and water.
Get medical attention
3. Ingestion :
Seek
medical
attention
immediately. Induce
vomiting if conscious.
4. Inhalation of spray or dust
:
Remove to
fresh air and get
immediate
medical
attention.
These first aid measures shall be updated accordingly,
particularly as the type of chemical used for the STP will
be known.
When
cleaning
chemical
spills,
make
sure
that
appropriate protective gear and equipment are being worn.
For liquid spills, flush small spills into the wet well.
For larger spills, contain the spill and recover as much of
the chemical as possible. Discharge the remaining liquid
directly into the wet well. Rinse the area and discharge
the wash water into the wet well.
22
In case of solid spills, dispose appropriately into

the designated dumpster according to the nature of the
waste (biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous, etc.).
9.5 Responding to Earthquake and Tsunami
When an earthquake strikes, employees are advised to
drop, cover and hold (drop and cover under a desk or
sturdy table). Windows, bookshelves, filing cabinets and
other objects that could fall should be avoided. Hold onto
the desk or table; if it moves, move with it. If outdoors,
move to a clear area, away from trees, signs, buildings or
downed electrical wires and poles.
After the earthquake, check yourself and those around
you for injuries. Be prepared for aftershocks. A severe
earthquake may necessitate the opening of an Emergency
Operation Center. The STP should take the following steps:
Responsible Personnel
Action
STP Manager
- Checks on the welfare of all
plant
personnel.
Injured
people will be cared for as a
first priority.
- Goes to the Emergency Response
Center or sends his supervisor
or any representative of the
STP;
- Assigns
operators
to
investigate
for
damages
starting with the main plant
and
outfall,
then
pump
stations and force mains.
- Plan for work schedules to
cover 24 hours/day until the
emergency
condition
is
declared and ended.
Plant Operator
- Conducts a plant walkthrough
noting
equipment
and
structural damage
- Reports his findings to the
supervisor
Laboratory Operator
- Checks
laboratory
for
equipment or structural damage
and assist in the clean up of
23
Supervisors
the
laboratory following a
chemical hygiene plan
Reports any damage to the
supervisor
Evaluate the damage reports
and plan for system operation
around problem areas.
Assigns
remaining
operators
into
teams
to
check
pump
stations and force mains for
signs of damage.
Plans
for
equipment
and
manpower needed to keep the
system running.
Reports damage and measures
needed to be taken to the STP
manager
The likelihood of a Tsunami affecting the STP and the

West Pumping Station is not remote considering its
proximity to the Cawa-Cawa Bay. However, no records of
tsunami in the said area has been made in the history
because of its location and the presence of the Great and
Little Sta. Cruz Island fronting the bay, as well as the
other islands in the nearby area.
However, as a measure of disaster preparedness, the
following are the actions that will be taken in the event
of a tsunami:
Action
Supervisor
- Receives a tsunami warning
- If the ETA is more than 1
hour, assigns an operator to
monitor
the
West
Pumping
Station
- If the ETA is less than 1
hour, move all vehicles and
personnel to higher ground and
wait for an all clear sign
- Monitor local news for all
clear
or
new
tsunami
information and relay latest
news to the operators
- Contact local septage haulers
to place them on standby in
the event of a possible pump
24
Pumping
Operator
Station
Laboratory Operator
Supervisors
out of pumping stations would

be needed
Contacts the Philippine Ports
Authority
and
the
nearby
residents and informs them of
the
warning
and
that
the
pumping station will not be
able to pump waste until the
clear sign is received.
Pumps down the West Pumping
Station and shuts off all
power to the station
Prepares for the pump out of
the West Pumping Station in
the event of its loss in the
surge
Monitors the pumping station
from a high ground until given
an all clear sign.
Checks
laboratory
for
equipment or structural damage
and assist in the clean up of
the laboratory following a
chemical hygiene plan
Reports any damage to the
supervisor
Assigns
remaining
operators
into
teams
to
check
pump
signs of damage.
Plans
for
equipment
and
system running.
manager
9.5.1 Post Tsunami Action

Since
tsunamis
often
occur
as
a
series,
activities will not be resumed until PAG-ASA has given the
all clear. If generated by a local earthquake, be
25
prepared for
action plan:
an
after
Supervisor
shocks.
Pumping
Operator
Station
STP Operator
Supervisors
The
following
earthquake
Action
Receives a tsunami warning All
Clear message; notifies all
personnel;
Assigns
other
personnel,
septage
haulers,
etc.
to
assist if necessary
Prepares a written report of
actions
taken
and
damage
encountered. If sewage has
escaped into the environment
include the report with the
Overflow report
Inspects
the
West
Pumping
Station. Reports the problems
such as flooding or power loss
to supervisor.
Prepares for the pump out of
any pump station in the event
of its loss in the surge.
Prepares for peak flow
Assigns
remaining
operators
into
teams
to
check
pump
signs of damage.
Plans
for
equipment
and
system running.
manager
9.6 Standard Operating Procedures for Escape Route

In the event of a fire alarm, personnel should follow
the escape route which will be strategically posted in the
building
and
should
exit
the
building
immediately.
Operators should take their cellular phones with them and
26
have the Laboratory

department.
Operator
call
117
for
the
fire
All plant personnel will meet in the parking lot. A

head count will be taken to ensure that everyone has made
it out of the building safely.
After the fire department has completed extinguishing
the fire, the STP manager and/or supervisors will evaluate
the extent of the damage. A plan for operation of the plant
around the damaged area will be formulated on a case to
case basis.
9.7 STP Blood-borne Pathogen Site Specific Plan
9.7.1 Potential Hazards
There is a potential for exposures from needles
and other contaminated sharps which may be present in
the wastewater flow stream through primary treatment
or in the sludge flow stream.
The sewage flow stream through primary
treatment. This includes manholes, pump
stations, bar screens, and the primary
clarifiers.
The sludge flow stream which includes the
primary sludge pumps, the thickened sludge
pumps, and the belt filter press, as the
case may be.
First Aid/CPR
All blood and other potentially infectious
materials is treated as if known to be
infectious with HIV and HBV.
9.7.2 Control Measures
If an employee comes into contact with blood or
other potentially infectious materials, they will
remove
any
personal
protective
equipment
and
immediately, or as soon as possible, wash their hands
and other exposed areas with soap and warm running
27
water in the restrooms at the STP. The incident will

immediately be reported to the supervisor who will
assist the employee to the nearest medical center if
immediate medical attention is necessary.
9.7.3
a.
Sewage Flow
Treatment
Stream
through
Primary
1. Manhole and Pump Stations

All employees will wear boots with
steel toes and steel shanks when entering
any portion of the collection system where
wastewater is present. If an employee has to
kneel down, they will wear appropriate knee
protection. Protective gloves will be worn
whenever an employee must put their hands
into the wastewater.
2. Plugged pumps
Any pump that is plugged will be
cleared as much as possible using mechanical
means. Employees will wear protective gloves
if they must reach into the pump with their
hands.
3. Bar Screens
For this project, bidders will be
required to propose bar screens that are
mechanically
cleaned.
However,
if
the
screens need to manually cleaned, such as
when the equipment backs down, it must use a
rake specifically designed for that bar
screen. The screenings are raked onto a
platform,
shoveled
onto
the
screenings
conveyor or into a garbage can and then
dumped into the screenings dumpster.
4. Screening Dumpsters
28
Employees must not place any part of

their body into the screenings dumpster
especially when all work is done using
mechanical means.
5. Primary clarifiers
No
work
is
done
in
the
primary
clarifiers unless they are completely pumped
out.
9.7.3 b. Sludge Flow Stream
When work is done on any equipment that is
part of the sludge flow stream (i.e. Primary
Sludge Pumps, Thickened Sludge Pumps, Belt Filter
Press and All Sludge Piping) all material will be
removed from pumps, piping, etc. using mechanical
means as much as possible. Employees will wear
protective gloves if they must reach into any
such equipment with their hands. After all the
sludge has been removed from the equipment it
will no longer be considered a potential hazard.
9.7.3 c. First Aid/CPR
Whenever CPR is given disposable gloves and
a mouth to mouth barrier will be used. Gloves and
eye protection will be worn for any first aid
that involves blood and/or body fluids. When
there is more than one victim employees will
change
protective
equipment
(gloves,
etc.)
between each person.
9.7.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE
will
be
removed
immediately,
or
when
feasible, if penetrated by blood or other potentially
infectious material. All PPE will be inspected for
contamination or loss of integrity (holes, cracks,
29
etc.)
prior
to
use.
Re-usable
PPE
will
be
decontaminated using a 1:10 bleach solution (made
fresh)
then
inspected
for
structural
defects.
Defective PPE will immediately be brought to the
Supervisor for repair or replacement. All employees
will remove contaminated PPE or other clothing
following
safe
removal
techniques
as
shown
in
training.
9.7.5 Cleaning Procedure for
Potentially
Infectious Material (OPIM)
Blood
and
Other
Always wear gloves to clean up blood or OPIM. Use

a 1: 10 bleach solution (made fresh) to clean up all
potentially infectious material.
9.7.5
a. Small Area
1. Cover the contaminated area with disposable

paper towels and pour bleach solution over
the entire area.
2. Fold the papertowels into themselves and
discard into a red biohazard bag.
3. Cover the area with bleach solution and wipe
up with papertowels.
4. Place the papertowels into the red biohazard
bag then remove the gloves and place them
into the biohazard bag also.
9.7.5 b. Large Area
1. Fill a mop bucket with a 1:10 bleach
solution.
2. Carefully mop the area without spreading the
contaminated material.
3. Allow the area to dry.
4. Change the water in the mop bucket.
5. Mop the entire area with new bleach
solution.
6. Change the water and rinse the mop head in a
new bleach solution.
30
7. Place the mop head in a red biohazard bag

and send in for cleaning.
9.7.6
Waste Handling and Disposal

Do not fill any biohazard waste container to
overflowing. If the outside of the container is
contaminated, use gloves while handling it. Place
the contaminated container into another container
(double bag, etc.) to prevent spreading the
contamination.
9.7.6 a. Types of Contaminated Waste (not
Reusable Material)
1. Garbage
Bandaids, kleenex, papertowels,
that will not release any blood or
(liquid, semi-liquid, or dried flakes)
compressed. These items can be thrown
the trash.
etc.
OPIM
when
into
2. Regulated waste (material that goes in a

red bag for disposal)
Liquid or semi-liquid blood or OPIM
Items contaminated with blood or OPIM
which would release these substances in
a liquid or semi-liquid state if
compressed.
Items caked with dried blood or OPIM
which are capable of releasing these
materials during handling
Contaminated sharps
The actual volume of blood is not the
determining factor as to whether or not
a particular material is to be
considered regulated waste. For
example, 10mL of blood on a disposable
bed sheet would appear as a spot (not
regulated waste) while the same amount
of blood on a cotton ball would likely
cause saturation and dripping
(regulated waste).
31
9.7.6 b. Waste Handling

1. Contaminated Sharps
All contaminated sharps will be placed
in a sharps container using mechanical
means (pliers, tongs, etc.). The sharps
container will be marked as Used and
properly disposed of. The tongs, etc.,
will be disposed of or cleaned using a
1:10 bleach solution (made fresh).
2. Contaminated Laundry
Contaminated laundry (including
uniforms with employees blood on them)
will be placed in a separate red biohazard
bag and disposed of accordingly (if
hazardous waste treater becomes available
locally, the biohazard wastes will be
picked-up by them for proper disposal).
3. Regulated Waste
All regulated wastes (other than
sharps) will be placed in a red biohazard
bag.
9.7.6
c.
Disposal
All bloodborne pathogen waste will be

placed in a biohazard container located in
the equipment bay. In the absence of a
hazardous waste treater, the contractor must
be
able
to
provide
the
STP
with
a
containment for hazardous waste. It must be
constructed in a manner that will prevent
contamination of soil and ground water.
All wastes must be in proper leak and
spill proof containers ( double bagged in
biohazards
red bags, sharps containers,
etc.) prior to disposal.
9.7.6 d Training
32
All STP employees with occupational exposure

will receive annual bloodborne pathogen training
provided by the City Health Office. The STP will
also give site-specific training to all employees
on an annual basis. All new employees will be
given bloodborne pathogen orientation training
and be offered the Hepatitis B Vaccination within
10 days of hire or prior to initial assignment to
a
job
with
occupational
exposure.
General
training
on
bloodborne
pathogens,
personal
protective equipment, exposures, etc. will be
provided using a video one year and by a
certified trainer contracted by the City Health
Office the following year. This plan will be
reviewed annually by the Supervisor and the STP
Manager.
9.7.6 e. Control Devices
Bloodborne Pathogen Kits are located at the
following stations:
all vehicles
in the laboratory next to the door
outside
the
entrance
to
the
Mens
Restroom in the Administration Building
in the shop above the deep sink
The kits contain the following:
Red biohazard waste bags
Mouth to mouth barrier
Nose/mouth mask
Disposable gloves
Disposable aprons
Infectious liquid spill control powder
Additional information:
Sharps containers are located in all
the trucks. Contact the supervisor for
replacements.
Additional disposable gloves are in the
laboratory and in the trucks.
Kneepads are located in the lockers.
Red
bags
for
contaminated
laundry
(including
uniforms
with
employees
33
blood on them) are supplied and are

located in the mens locker room.
Red bags for all other contaminated
items are located in the laboratory.
Vehicle kits are inspected and restoked immediately following use or
annually
when
the
vehicles
are
serviced.
Facility kits are used for the annual
site
specific
training.
After
the
training
the
kit
contents
are
inspected, re-stocked and sealed again.
9.8 Standard Operating Procedure for Chemical Handling

9.8.1 General Precautions
Safety Precautions
Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, rubber
boots, and rain gear when receiving the chemicals.
9.8.2 First Aid for Chemical Exposure
1. Eyes
Immediately flush skin with running water for at
least 15 minutes while removing contaminated
clothing and shoes. Do not attempt to neutralize.
Get medical attention. Wash all clothing before
reuse. Dispose of contaminated shoes.
2. Skin
Immediately flush skin with running water for at
least 15 minutes while removing contaminated
clothing and shoes. Do not attempt to neutralize.
Get medical attention. Wash all clothing before
reuse. Dispose of contaminated shoes.
3. Ingestion
34
Give several glasses of water if victim is

conscious. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical
attention immediately. Do not give anything by
mouth if person is unconscious or if having
convulsions.
4. Inhalation
Stop work immediately and move to fresh air. If
breathing has stopped give CPR to person. Seek
medical attention if the exposure is severe.
9.8.3 Spill Reporting
a. Reportable Quantity
The reportable quantity is determined on the
type of chemical spilt. A list of chemicals that
will be used by the STP as well as the
corresponding reportable quantity shall be
prepared.
b. Notification
If there is a spill greater than the
reportable quantity released into the
environment, call 117 and then notify the
supervisor.
9.8.4 Spill Clean Up

Wear the appropriate PPE.
A. Land/Liquid Spill
Contain the spill and recover as much of the
chemical as possible and pump into the chemical
tank. Use a commercial absorbent to absorb the
remaining chemical. Place the used absorbent
material in a drum and dispose of at a hazardous
35
waste disposal site. Dike the area to contain the

wash water, then hose the pavement. Neutralize
the wash water before discharging the wash water
into the headworks.
B. Solid Waste
Dispose of solid waste at a hazardous waste
disposal site.
9.9
Accident
Prevention
Procedures
Plan
Confined
Spaces
Entry
A confined space is defined as a space that:

1. is large enough and so configured that an
employee can bodily enter and perform
assigned work; and
2. has limited or restricted means for entry
or exit (for example, tanks, vessels,
silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and
pits are spaces that may have limited
means of entry); and
3. is
designed
for
continuous
employee
occupancy
For the purpose of this safety
confined space classifications:
provisions,
two
1. Class A Space confined space is not

exposed, nor has the potential of being
exposed to raw wastewater; Non-IDLH (
Non-Immediately Dangerous to Life or
Health);
2. Class B Space confined space is
exposed, or has the potential of being
exposed to raw wastewater (IDLH);
9.9.1 Entry Procedures for Class A Space
Whenever it is necessary to enter a confined
space, the following procedure shall be strictly
adhered to. Any willful violation of these procedures
36
can be considered cause for immediate dismissal from

the employment.
1. A confined spaces entry permit shall be
used to review the required precautions
and conditions prior to entry. The permit
shall be fully completed and understood
by each employee involved with the job
task. Each permit authorizes a single
entry into the specified confined space.
Should
the
space
be
vacated
and
ventilation is halted, a new permit shall
be
required
upon
re-entry
into
the
confined space. Confined spaces entry
permits are valid only when signed by the
attendant.
2. All traffic control measures shall be
taken.
3. The hazardous waste guidelines herein
provided
shall
be
followed
where
applicable.
4. An initial test of the atmosphere shall
be performed to assure that the oxygen
content,
carbon
monoxide,
hydrogen
sulfide and any explosive vapors are at
an acceptable level. Whenever possible,
this test shall be performed prior to
actually opening the space; for example,
manholes should be tested before removing
the cover by probing the atmosphere
through the cover pick-hole. Important
steps include:
a. Ensuring that instrumentation has
been
calibrated
according
to
manufacturers instructions prior to
use.
b. Understanding
the
following
operating
instructions
for
the
instrument.
c. Atmospheric testing devices shall be
tested with calibration gas prior to
use. The purpose of this test is to
ensure
that
the
device
will
recognize alarm conditions.
d. If an alarm condition develops, the
area shall be immediately evacuated
and the lead worker contacted.
37
e. Ventilation is not a substitute for

atmospheric testing.
f. Ventilation shall be performed for
five minutes or five air exchanges
whichever is greater. Care shall be
taken
to
prevent
pockets
of
unventilated gases in the confined
space. Also, the fresh air supply
must
be
from
an
uncontaminated
source, for example, avoid engine
exhaust.
g. Ventilation shall be continued as
long
as
the
confined
space
is
occupied. If the ventilation hose
must be removed to move men or
materials through the entryway, the
hose
shall
be
replaced
and
ventilation continued as soon as it
is possible to do so. All work shall
stop and the area shall be evacuated
if ventilation fails.
h. The
confined
space
shall
be
evacuated if any indications of ill
effects
such
as
dizziness,
irritation or excessive odors are
noted.
5. All persons entering confined spaces
shall read and understand this guidelines
and trained as to the nature of the
hazards
involved,
the
necessary
precautions, and the use of protective
and emergency equipment required.
6. All persons entering a confined space
shall wear an approved rescue harness.
7. No routine tasks shall be performed in
any atmosphere that causes an alarm
condition. Should it become necessary to
enter a space to rescue a worker, the
following procedure shall be followed:
a. Summon help
b. If the worker is attached to a
lifeline, attempt to remove the
worker to fresh air. If he cannot be
removed, continue ventilation
c. The space may not be entered by
anyone until there is a trained
attendant at the entryway. If you
38
are alone, the odds are that you

will die if you enter the space to
save another worker.
d. Prepare
to
enter
the
space
to
perform the necessary rescue. The
rescuer will be wearing a safety
harness with lifeline attached, a
ten-minute escape pack, or a SCBA.
Other equipment may be required
depending on the circumstances.
8. No smoking shall be permitted inside, or
within ten feet of a confined space.
9. One person shall be designated as the
attendant. The attendants responsibilities
are as follows:
e. The attendant shall be responsible
for safe entry on site.
f. The attendant shall be responsible
for the condition of testing and
safety equipment in use.
g. The attendant shall remain at the
entryway at all times when workers
are in the confined space.
h. The attendant shall keep watch on,
maintain
communication
with
the
workers and SHALL NOT leave the
entryway to satisfy routine needs of
the workers, such as fetching tools,
etc.
i. The attendant shall monitor the
atmospheric
testing
device
and
inform the workers should an alarm
condition develop.
10.
Atmospheric testing shall be continuous
while the confined space is occupied.
11.
All persons shall immediately vacate
the confined space should an alarm condition
develop. Alarm set points shall be:
j. Oxygen
19.5%
minimum
and
23%
maximum.
k. Hydrogen Sulfide 10 ppm maximum.
l. Lower explosive limit (lel) 10%
maximum.
m. Carbon Monoxide 35 ppm maximum
12.
All workers in confined spaces shall
wear a hard hat.
39
13.
If any piece of equipment required for
safe entry of confined spaces is defective
or missing, work shall be halted until the
equipment is repaired or replaced.
14.
All portable electric tools shall be
connected to a ground fault interrupter.
15.
Hot work shall not be permitted if the
atmosphere contains explosive gases greater
than 10% of the lower explosive limit.
16.
Any
hazardous
condition
encountered
shall be noted on the confined space entry
permit.
9.9.2 Class B Entry Procedures
1. All Class A space entry procedures shall
be followed.
2. 2. All persons entering a Class B space
shall be on an approved lifeline.
3. All persons entering a Class B space shall
carry a ten minute escape pack. The use of a
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
shall preclude this requirement. An air line
respirator is not a SCBA.
4. A Class B space may be downgraded to a
Class A space if presence or potential of
raw wastewater exposure is eliminated.
9.9.3 Hot Work
It is any procedure that by its nature could
cause combustion of explosive gases. This would
include, but is not limited to welding, brazing,
soldering,
cutting,
heating,
grinding,
drilling,
sanding and chipping. Hot work shall require a hot
work permit.
1. Any hot work involving sources of ignition
and including welding and burning shall
require positive assurance that fire hazards
and flammable atmospheres have been
controlled. Combustible material shall be
protected.
2. A combustible gas indicator shall test the
atmosphere continuously.
3. Where hot work involves the generation of
toxic gases, vapors, or fumes, local exhaust
40
and/or respiratory protection shall be

equired.
4. Compressed gas cylinders should not
generally be allowed in confined spaces.
Compressed gas lines shall be protected from
rupture or damage
5. Compressed gas cylinders or electric
generators should be attended at all times.
Sources of compressed gases or arc welding
power shall be turned off immediately when
an emergency arises, or when work is
interrupted or completed.
9.9.4 Use of Toxic and/or Flammable Materials in
Confined Spaces
Work in confined spaces frequently requires the use
of toxic or flammable materials. These include, but
are not confined to, coating, linings, paints,
cements and solvents.
1. Quantities of toxic or flammable materials
brought into or used in confined spaces
shall be limited to the smallest amount
consistent with efficient use.
2. Containers shall be designed to minimize
evaporation and spillage. Safety cans or
small squeeze bottles are preferable when
applicable.
3. Continuous ventilation shall be provided
in sufficient quantity and design to
control fire and health hazards.
4. Atmospheres shall be tested continuously
to provide positive assurance that hazards
do not exist. In no instance shall
flammable vapour concentrations exceed 10%
of the lower explosive limit.
5. Spraying of toxic or flammable substances
such as paint is not recommended.
6. Respiratory protective equipment shall be
used as required.
7. Sources of ignition shall be eliminated
when flammable liquids are used.
8. Materials, equipment and training shall be
provided to clean up spills.
41
9. All applicable instructions or

recommendations from the manufacturer
shall be enforced.
9.9.4 Permit Required Confined Spaces for the STP
1. Administration Building
a. Oil-Water Separator Sump
2. Headworks
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Influent Sampling Manhole

Influent Wet Well
Lower Level Sump Pump Wet Well
Septage Tanks
Screw Pump Inlet Sumps
Influent Channel
Barscreen Channels
Parshall Flume Chambers
3. Primary Clarifiers
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Primary Influent Channel

Primary Tanks #1 and #2
Primary Effluent Channel
Secondary Bypass Channel
Gravity Thickeners #1 and #2
4. Aeration Basins
a. Influent Channels of Tanks
b. Open air tanks which cannot be
effectively ventilated. Personnel
entering these tanks should carry a
confined space meter.
c. Effluent Channel
d. Scum Pit
5. Chemical Rooms
6. Effluent Area
a. Splitter box (if available)
b. Chlorine Contact Chambers
c. Secondary Clarifiers which are open
air tanks that cannot be effectively
ventilated. Personnel entering these
42
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
tanks should carry a confined space

meter.
Under Drain Pump Station
Scum Box
Chemical Mixing Chamber
Effluent Channel
Effluent Pumps Wet Well
Effluent Pumps Valve Vault
7. Odor Control Facility

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Chemical Storage Tanks

Caustic Tank
Scrubber Caustic Tank
Scrubber Ducting
Scrubber Fan Housing
8. All Areas Outside of the Main Plant

a.
b.
c.
d.
All
All
All
All
pumping station wet wells

pumping station valve vaults
collection system manholes
flowmeter vaults
9.9.5 Non Permit Required Confined Spaces

A. Attic Spaces in the Admin Building
B. Screw Pump Room Stairwell Area
C. Polymer Tank Containment Area
9.10 Accident Prevention Plan Hazardous Communication Plan
1. Plant Hazard Communication
To ensure that information about the dangers of
all hazardous chemicals used by the Sewerage Treatment
Plant is known by all affected employees, the
following hazardous information program has been
established.
All operators must participate in the Hazardous
Communication Program. This program will always be
available on the bookshelf above the control room desk
for review by any interested operator.
2. Container Labelling
43
All operators will verify that all containers

received for use will be clearly labelled as to the
contents, note the appropriate hazard warning, and
list the name and address of the manufacturer. When
transferring contents to a secondary container the
operator will label the container with either an extra
copy of the original manufacturers label or with
labels that have the identity and the appropriate
hazard warning. For help with labelling, coordinate
with the Laboratory or Operations Supervisor. The
plant maintenance program will generate a work order
every six months assigning an operator to review and
update the file and to check the plant for new
chemicals that encoding and inventory. The operator
assigned with MSDS will review secondary labelling and
updates as needed.
3. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
The STP Manager is responsible for establishing
and monitoring the plants material safety data sheets
(MSDS) and will make sure procedures are developed to
obtain the necessary MSDS and will review incoming
MSDSs for new or significant health and safety
information. The Operations Supervisor will see that
any
new
information
is
passed
on
to
affected
employees.
Copies of MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals in
use will be kept in the same location as this
guidelines; MSDSs will be available to all operators
during each work shift. If an MSDS is not available,
immediately contact the current Safety Officer, the
STP Manager and/or the designated supervisor.
4. Employee Training Information
The Operations Supervisor is responsible for the
plant's employee training program. The Operations
Supervisor will ensure that all program elements
specified below are carried out, and will also clear
all program elements with the Plant Manager. Upon
starting work, each new employee of the Wastewater
Treatment Plant will receive a health and safety
orientation included in normal Wastewater Treatment
Plant training that includes the following:
44
1. An overview of the requirements contained in

the Hazard Communications Standard.
2. Hazardous chemicals present at the Sewerage
Treatment Plant.
3. Physical risks such as gas build up in piping
and health risks of the hazardous chemicals
including the symptoms of overexposure.
4. How to determine the present of hazardous
chemicals in the Sewerage Treatment Plant.
5. How to reduce or prevent exposure to hazardous
chemicals through use of control procedures,
work
practices
and
personnel
protective
equipment.
6. Steps ZCWD has taken to reduce or prevent
exposure to hazardous chemicals
7. Procedures from the MSDSs to follow if
employees
are
overexposed
to
hazardous
chemicals.
8. How to read labels and review MSDSs to obtain
information.
9. Location of the MSDS file and written hazard
communication program.
10. Prior to introducing a new chemical hazard
into the Sewerage Treatment
Plant, each
operator will be given information and training
as outlined above for the new chemical hazard.
5. Hazardous Non Routine Task
Periodically, all operators are required to
perform hazardous non-routine tasks. Some examples
of non-routine tasks are confined space entry,
painting, etc. Prior to starting work on such
projects, each affected operator will be given
information
by
the
Plant
Manager
and/or
the
Operations Supervisor about the hazardous chemicals
the operator may encounter during such activity.
This information will include specific chemical
hazards, protective and safety measures the operator
can use, and steps the City is using to reduce the
hazards,
including
ventilation,
respirators,
presence
of
another
operator
and
emergency
procedures.
6. Informing Contractors
45
It is the responsibility of the City to provide

contractors
with
information
about
hazardous
chemicals their employees may be exposed to on the
job
site
and
suggested
precautions
for
the
contractor's
employees.
Contractors
will
be
contacted before work is started, to gather and
distribute
information
concerning
any
chemical
hazard that they may bring to the Wastewater
Treatment Plant.
7. List of Hazardous Chemicals
All hazardous chemicals to be used will be
listed in the MSDS books that will be located on the
bookshelf above the control room desk. The books
will be broken into four categories.
Volume I Oil and Paints
Volume II Hardware and Cleaners
Volume III Odor Control Chemicals and
Plant Chemicals
Volme IV Laboratory Chemicals
Operators unfamiliar with the hazards of any
chemical will look up the MSDS for that chemical
prior to using the chemical.
8. Hazard Communication Training Program
A. Objective
The Zamboanga City Water District Sewerage
Treatment
Plant
will
establish
a
hazard
communication training program the purpose of
which
is
to
provide
the
knowledge
and
information the operator or part-time employee
will need and has the right to know pertaining
to the safe handling of any hazardous chemical
used within or around the Sewerage Treatment
Plant. Binders will be assembled which will
contain the following:
1. The Hazard Communication Standard
2. The Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan
3. The Hazard Communication Program Policy
4. The Hazard Communication Training Policy
a. Current inventory listing all materials
containing hazardous chemicals;
46
b. Material Safety Data Sheet for all

materials and products listed on the
inventory. Request Letters Blank Forms.
These binders will be available at all
times to plant employees for review and
will be stored in the bookshelf area
above the control room desk.
9. Training on the use of the Program
A. Hazard Communication Standard
As part of the training program, it is
required that all STP employees read and become
familiar with the requirements of the Hazard
Communication Standard.
Upon starting work at the STP, each new
employee will receive as part of their training,
instructions
on
the
use
of
the
Hazard
Communication and a review of the Hazardous
Chemicals used in the operation of the Plant.
B. Hazardous Chemicals Inventory
A current and updated inventory will be
kept
listing
all
materials
and
products
containing hazardous chemicals that are marked
with a warning or caution label. as new
materials containing hazardous warning enter the
Plant, they will be added to the inventory and a
MSDS will be obtained from the Supplier or
Manufacturer and added to the binder.
C. Labeling
Chemical Manufacturers and Distributors are
required to label, tag, or mark each container
of hazardous chemical (s), the appropriate
hazard warning, and the name and address of the
Chemical Manufacturer or responsible party.
Containers, into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred, once they arrive at the Plant, must
also be labelled with the identity of the
hazardous chemical (s) and appropriate hazard
warnings
if
such
identification
is
on
a
container, it must be reported immediately to
47
the Plant Manager and/or Operations Supervisor.

It should never be considered that a product is
safe without first reading the label. If in
doubt or if more information is needed related
to the product, check the Hazard Communication
inventory and read the MSDS on the product
before using.
D. MSDS
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is an
important document, which provides the user with
the chemical hazard information needed to handle
the product safely. Described are the primary
routes
of
entry
into
the
body
such
as
inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption; and
precautions
to
take
such
as
proper
work
practices, personal protective clothing and
equipment. All employees are required to take
advantage
of
this
information
to
avoid
unnecessary injury.
10. Chemicals Used in the Treatment of Wastewater
A. Bulk Chemicals
Hazardous chemicals commonly used at the
Plant and Pump Stations for the treatment of
wastewater may include, but not limited to,
Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Hypochlorite, Polymer,
Sodium Bisulfite, Granulated Carbon and Bioxide.
B. Lab Chemicals
Lab chemicals are addressed in the Chemical
Hygiene Plan, which will be prepared prior to
plant operation.
C. Chemicals used in maintenance
Chemicals
contacted
during
maintenance
procedures
include
#2
diesel,
solvent,
acetylene, oxygen, carbon monoxide, oils and
greases. Refer to individual MSDSs for hazard
information and first aid measures for any
48
maintenance product that is unfamiliar to the

user.
11.
Hazard Information and First Aid Measures

First Aid Measures for each type of chemicals
that will be used for the STP will be developed upon
determination
which
of
the
common
wastewater
treatment chemicals will be used for this purpose.
In general however, the following general first
aid measures will be performed:
1. Eyes - Flush immediately with plenty of water
continually
for
15
minutes.
Get
medical
attention immediately.
2. Skin - Flush plenty of water and remove
contaminated clothing if needed. Get medical
attention immediately.
3. Inhalation- remove to fresh air immediately.
Get immediate medical attention.
4. Ingestion - do not induce vomiting. Give large
quantities of water. Get immediate medical
attention.
5. Spillage - contain spill and assess the
situation
6. Personal Protective Equipment - to protect the
body from contact, wear impervious gloves,
goggles,
face
shield
and
chemical
spill
raingear
9.11 Accident Prevention Plan for Hazardous Energy Control

& Safety Lockout / Tag-out
Purpose
In order to ensure maximum safety for
employees and associated personnel, the ZCWD
Sewerage Treatment Plant will establish the
following
regarding
the
de-energizing
of
hazardous energy sources on equipment down for
maintenance or service. These energy sources can
include electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and
gravity.
49
Procedure
1. Before any type of power equipment is to
have maintenance or service performed, it
shall be isolated from all power and stored
energy sources. If possible, the stored
energy of the equipment being serviced or
maintained shall be released. The purpose of
this procedure is to ensure that no reenergization will occur until the lockout
system is removed. All employees of the
Sewerage Treatment Plant are required to use
these procedures.
2. Proper
notification
to
all
affected
employees or associated personnel must be
established prior to locking out equipment.
A
supervisor,
all
operators
and
any
contractors
or
sub-contractors
working
around equipment to be locked out shall be
notified. All employees who are in the same
work area are to be notified. All employees
whose work area can be affected by the
lockout shall be notified.
3. Equipment to be locked out shall be shut
down by normal means before locking out. All
stored electrical energy, hydraulic energy,
mechanical
energy,
pneumatic
energy,
gravitational energy, or other stored energy
shall be released or neutralized. Any stored
energy, which cannot be released, is to be
blocked
and/or
locked
to
prevent
its
release.
4. Lockouts
require
personal
locks
to
be
effective. Tags for identification purposes
shall
accompany
locks
and/or
lockout
devices. If more than one person is working
on a locked out unit, lockout clips that
will accommodate more than one lock shall be
used. Each employee shall have a lock on the
lockout clip.
5. Electrical power lockouts are to be placed
at the energy source. Motor disconnects,
branch power switches, and brand power
50
breakers are energy sources. Circuit breaker

boxes are not good lockout points as they
prevent access to other circuits in the
breaker
box.
On/Off
switches
are
not
acceptable lockout points.
6. When a chain is used as a locking device, a
gang lock clip shall be used to join chain
ends to accommodate multiple locks.
Lock-Out Station Locations
Lock-out stations for the ZCWD Sewerage
Treatment Plant will be located as soon as
the plans for the designs of the STP will be
approved and before the plant operation
commences.
Tag-Out Procedures
1. All equipment taken out of service shall be
tagged out in accordance with Equipment
Specific Tag-out Procedures utilizing an
"out of service" tag attached to a gang lock
clip with a nylon self-locking wire tie.
2. All equipment being put back into service
shall be done in accordane with Equipment
Specific Start up Procedures. Start up shall
be authorized by a supervisor or plant
manager, unless startup is being performed
by individual who took equipment out of
service in accordance to Equipment Specific
Tag-out Procedures.
3. Authorization for start up shall be recorded
on the tag out/start up sheet. Adherence to
procedures
shall
be
recorded
on
tagout/startup sheet.
4. Tags are not to be used to provide a safe
working environment for any individual. Tags
are to be used only to keep a piece of
equipment out of service.
5. Procedures, logs, tags, ties, and locks are
located at each lockout/tag-out station.
51
Lock Out Procedures

Any
person
subject
to
injury
working
on
or
around
tagged
out
equipment
shall
install a personal lock on the gang lock
clip used for tag-out. A signed and dated
Danger--"Do
Not
Operate"
tag
shall
accompany all personal locks. The key to
the lock
will
be
on
the
person
who
installed
the
lock
at
all
times.
These
locks
will
be removed by the end of each
shift, or working day, and re-installed when and
if work is to be resumed by that person.
These locks and tags are located at each
lockout/tag-out station.
1. All equipment being worked on shall be
locked out in accordance with Equipment
Specific Lock-out Procedures utilizing an
"Do Not Operate" tag attached to a gang
lock clip with a lock for each person
working on or around the equipment.
2. All equipment being put back into service
shall be done in accordance with Equipment
Specific Start up Procedures. Start up
shall be authorized by a supervisor or
plant manager, unless start up is being
performed by individual who took equipment
out of service in accordance to Equipment
Specific Lock-out Procedures.
3. Authorization
for
start
up
shall
be
recorded on the Lockout/start up sheet.
Adherence to procedures shall be recorded
on the Lockout/start up sheet.
4. Procedures, logs, tags, ties, and locks are
located at each lockout/tag-out station.
A. Lock out/Tag out Devices
1. Lock out/tag out devices shall be capable
of withstanding the environment to which
they are exposed for the maximum time that
exposure is expected.
52
2. Lock
out/tag
out
devices
shall
be
substantial
enough
to
prevent
removal
without use of excessive force or unusual
techniques; such as with the use of bolt
cutters or other metal cutting tools.
3. Lock
out/tag
out
devices
shall
be
standardized in color (red). Print and
format in tags shall be standardized.
B. Periodic Inspection
An annual inspection shall be performed and
documented by safety officer. The purpose of
this inspection is to ensure the procedures and
requirements of this policy are being followed.
Any deviations or inadequacies identified shall
be corrected.
C. Training
1. Training shall be provided on an annual
basis to ensure that employees understand
the purpose and function of the lock outtag out program, and that the employees
acquire the knowledge and skills required
for the safe application, usage, and
removal of lock out/tag out devices.
2. When a tag-out system is used, as is the
case at this plant, employees shall be
trained in the limitations of tags. Tags
are essentially warning devices and do not
provide physical restraint that is provided
by a lock. When an out-of-service tag is
attached to an energy-isolating device, it
is not to be removed without authorization
from a foreman or plant manager, unless
person removing tag is same person who
tagged outequipment removed from service.
This policy is never to be bypassed,
ignored, or otherwise defeated.
3. Retraining shall be provided to affected
employees whenever there is a change in
machines,
equipment
or
processes
that
present a new hazard, or when there is a
change in the energy control procedures.
53
Compliance
Any employee who does not comply with
this
plan
is
subject to
disciplinary
actions and possible termination of employment.
9.12 Chemical Hygiene Plan
Purpose
The purpose of the Chemical Hygiene Plan is to
protect employees from health hazards while working
with hazardous chemicals by establishing safe work
practices and procedures.
Hazardous chemicals Chemicals for which there
is significant evidence based on
at least one legitimate study
that acute or chronic health
effects may occur in exposed
employees.
Health
hazard A chemical that is a health

hazard will likely cause a measurable
change in the body. The term health
hazard includes chemicals which are
carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic
agents,
reproductive
toxins,
irritants, corrosives, sensitizers,
hepatotoxins (chemicals which produce
liver
damage),
nephrotoxins
(chemicals
which
produce
kidney
damage), neurotoxins (chemicals whose
primary toxic effect is on the
nervous system), agents which act on
the hematopoietic (blood) systems,
and agents which damage the lungs,
skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Acute
health
effects
are
immediate or slightly delayed (burns,
inflammation,
allergic
responses,
damage
to
eyes,
lungs,
nervous
system); chronic health effects are
delayed
or
cumulative
after
repetitive
exposure
(some
are
reversible
after
elimination
of
54
exposure
to
chemical,
irreversible (cancer).
some
are
In addition to the chemical

hazards there are physical hazards to
consider.
Physical hazards include
fire, explosion, electrical shock,
and
hazards
from
the
means
of
containment (gas cylinders, glass
apparatus, furnaces, etc).
Plan Management
A.
Availability
Plan
of
the
Chemical
Hygiene
A copy of the Chemical Hygiene Plan is

kept in the lab with a copy of the NPDES
Permit, SOPs, the QA/QC Manual, and other
related documents. The Chemical Hygiene Plan
is readily available to employees, employee
representatives and, upon request, to the
director of the department of Labor and
Industries.
B.
Responsibility
1.
The Plant Manager is ultimately
responsible for ensuring the Chemical
Hygiene
Plan
is
implemented
and
enforced.
2.
The
Lab
Supervisor
is
also
designated as the Chemical Hygiene
Officer.
The Chemical Hygiene Officer
has the following responsibilities:
Work with administrators and other
employees to establish chemical
hygiene policies and practices.
Monitor
purchase,
use,
and
disposal of chemicals used in the
lab
Know
the
current
legal
requirements concerning regulated
substances
Seek ways to improve the Chemical
Hygiene Plan
55
3.
The
Lab
Supervisors
responsibilities are:
Ensure workers know and follow the
chemical hygiene rules.
Ensure
protective
equipment
is
available and in working order
Ensure appropriate training has
been provided
Provide regular, formal chemical
hygiene
and
housekeeping
inspections
Ensure
routine
inspections
of
emergency equipment are done
Know
the
current
legal
requirements concerning regulated
substances
Determine the required levels of
protective apparel and equipment
Ensure employees are trained and
the facilities are adequate for
any material being ordered
4. The lab worker is responsible for:
Following the practices described
in the Chemical Hygiene Plan for
each operation
Developing good personal chemical
hygiene habits
C.
Information and Training
All
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant
employees are trained in first aid. Chemical
hygiene
training
occurs
each
time
an
operator rotates into the lab. Training
covers the following issues:
The risks associated with working
in the lab
What to do if there is an accident
The location and proper use of
protective apparel and equipment
Review of the Chemical Hygiene
plan
D.
Review and Update of the Plan
56
The Chemical Hygiene Plan is reviewed

and updated by the Chemical Hygiene Officer
as follows:
Annually
Whenever
new
procedures
are
implemented which involve the use
of hazardous chemicals
To reflect changes in the law
Procedures for Working with Chemicals
A.
Emergencies
In case of an emergency CALL 117 for
fire, ambulance, and police.
B.
General Rules
Minimize all chemical exposures by
planning ahead and performing work in a
manner which reduces the duration and extent
of exposure to all chemicals.
C.
Avoid skin contact with all chemicals

(Few chemicals are without
hazards)
Use special precautions for chemicals with
special hazards.
Assume any mixture is more toxic than its
most toxic component
Assume all substances of unknown toxicity
are toxic
Engineering Controls
1.
Air Changes
Adequate air changes (approximately 22 air

changes/hour). The air intake for the lab is
located on the
northeast wall of the
Administration
Building,
free
from
contamination. The air is exhausted outside.
2.
Hoods
One fume hood
57
Two canopy hoods
3.
D.
Sinks
Two sinks
Seven cup sinks (one cup sink is located in
the fume hood)
Safety Equipment
1. Emergency Shower
2.
Eyewashes
3.
Two eyewashes (one at each sink)

Fire Extinguishers
4.
Two ABC fire extinguishers

Fire Blanket
5.
One fire blanket

Fire alarm pull stations
6.
Located in the lab next to the East Exit

Located on the East wall in the reception
area
Located next to the West Administration
Building Exit
Telephones
7.
One drench type emergency shower
Located in the lab above the desk

Located at each desk in the Administration
Building
(Plant
Manager,
Secretary,
Maintenance Foreman, and Operations Foreman)
Located in the lunchroom by the South Exit
Waste Disposal Equipment
58
Glass disposal box

Biohazard bag for fecal coliform waste.
The
plant
computer
maintenance
program
tracks the due date for all the preventative
maintenance of the lab safety equipment.
E. Personal Protective Apparel and Equipment
1.
Gloves
2.
Eyewear
3.
Safety glasses
Goggles
Face shields
Clothing
4.
Lab coats (lab supervisor)

Uniforms or coveralls (operators)
Shoes
5.
Only closed-toe leather shoes are allowed

(ZCWD will provide its employees with
safety shoes)
Respirators
F.
Nitrile and Latex gloves are kept in the

lab on the countertop
Respirators will be made available for all

employees to use, when necessary.
Basic Rules and Procedures for Working with

Chemicals
1.
General Lab Safety Rules

(1) Avoid routine exposure to chemicals by
following
these
rules
for
personal
protection:
59
Safety glasses must be worn at all times

when working in the lab, except when
working at the desk
Avoid wearing contact lenses in the lab
Any person entering the lab must wear
safety glasses
Wear a face shield when cleaning up spills
Always wear a lab coat or other apparel
that is removed after the work shift is
over
Remove lab coats or change clothing
immediately on significant contamination
Disposable
protective
gloves
are
recommended when working with chemicals in
the lab
Always wear gloves when working with
concentrated acids and bases
Inspect gloves before each use
Change gloves frequently
Wash hands after removing gloves
Always wear leather, closed-toe shoes
Work
in
a
fume
hood
when
using
concentrated acids, bases (caustic), or
solvents
Wear a respirator when toxic fumes are
present or when working with concentrated
acids outside a fume hood; inspect the
respirator before use
Always add acid and bases (caustic) to
water to prevent violent reaction and
spattering.
Use pyrex glassware designed
to withstand the heat produced from the
chemical reaction.
(2)
Do not smell or taste chemicals
(3) Perform work which may discharge toxic

fumes in the fume hood.
(4) Use only chemicals for which there is
adequate ventilation.
(5)
Do not eat,
cosmetics in
drink, smoke, or apply

areas where laboratory
60
chemicals are present.

Wash hands
before conducting these activities.
(6) Do not store, handle, or consume food or
beverages
in
storage
areas,
refrigerators,
glassware,
or
with
utensils which are used for laboratory
operations.
(7)
Glassware
Handle and store all glassware
care to avoid damage
Do not use damaged glassware
with
(8) Wash areas of exposed skin well before

leaving the lab (even if gloves were
worn).
(9) Avoid practical jokes or other behavior
which
might
confuse,
startle,
or
distract another workers.
(10) Do not use mouth suction to pipet or
start a siphon.
(11) Confine long hair and loose clothing.
(12) Housekeeping
Keep
the
work
area
clean
and
uncluttered
Keep chemicals properly labeled and
stored
Clean up the work area when finished
with a procedure or at the end of the
day
(13) Before beginning a new procedure check

the MSDS of all chemicals used, review
information about the hazards, plan
appropriate protective procedures, and
plan the positioning of equipment.
(14)
Unattended operations:
Leave the lights on
61
(15)
Place an appropriate sign on the door

or equipment in use
Fume hood:
Use
a
hood
when
working
with
concentrated acids, bases, or volatile
substances
Keep the hood closed at all times
except when adjustments are being made
in the hood
(16) Do not store materials or chemicals in

the hood.
(17) Do not block the air flow vents.
(18)
Always leave the hood on.
(19) Be alert to unsafe conditions and see

they are corrected when detected.
(20) Do not discharge substances which might
interfere with the biological process
of the treatment plant or which may
create a fire or explosion hazard,
cause structural damage, or obstruct
flow. Check the MSDS before disposing
of any chemicals.
Chemicals used in lab procedures are

neutralized by the test performed or
used in sufficiently small quantities
that they do not present disposal
hazards at the conclusion of the test.
G.
Chemical Handling
1.
Receiving Chemicals:
(1)
An MSDS must be
chemicals received.
on file, contact
request one.
on file for all

If there isnt one
the supplier and
(2) Do not accept any container without a

proper identifying label.
62
(3) Order chemicals in quantities that will

be used in a reasonable period of time.
2.
Chemical Storage:
(1)
Store chemicals with regard to their

compatibility with other chemicals.
(2) Return chemicals to their proper place

after use.
(3) Do not
tops.
store
chemicals
on
lab
bench
(4) Examine
the
containers
of
stored
chemicals
annually
for
replacement,
deterioration, expiration, and container
integrity.
H.
Signs and Labels

1.
In case of an emergency CALL 117 for

fire, ambulance, and police. Employees
home telephone numbers must be posted
next to all the phones in the Admin
building.
2.
There are no areas or equipment with

special hazards, however if in the future
new equipment with special hazards are
used, warning signs will be posted.
Location signs are posted for the
safety
shower,
eyewashes,
fire
extinguishers,
fire
alarm
pull
stations, and the building exits.
3.
4.
I.
Containers (including waste receptacles

other than trash) are labeled with the
contents and hazards.
Accidents and Spills

Take
emergency
required.
a copy of the
room if medical
MSDS to the
attention is
63
1. Eye Contact promptly flush eyes with

water for 15 minutes and seek medical
attention.
2. Skin
Contact
promptly
flush
the
affected area with water and remove any
contaminated
clothing.
If
symptoms
persist
after
washing
seek
medical
attention.
3. Ingestion Refer to MSDS to determine if
you should encourage the victim to drink
large quantities of water or milk, or if
you
should
help
induce
vomiting.
Different
chemicals
require
different
action to be taken.
4. Cleanup Wear proper personal protective
equipment (gloves, safety glasses, over
garment).
Follow the cleanup procedures
for the specific chemical. Use the spill
kit to cleanup spills from acids and
bases. Dispose of material properly.
Dispose of any leather products that are
contaminated with acids.
Housekeeping, Maintenance, and Inspections
A.
Housekeeping
Safety in the lab is directly related to
housekeeping standards.
The lab is kept
orderly, clean, and all chemicals and equipment
are labeled properly and stored.
1. Benchtops
are
cleaned
weekly
and
continually kept free from obstructions
and clutter. Routine clean up is done when
an analysis is completed and when the
daily work is done; it will be an on-going
effort by all laboratory workers.
2. Waste is disposed of properly.
(1) Chemical waste disposal
64
(2) Biohazard
waste
fecal
coliform
cultures
are
collected
in
red
biohazards bags. In the absence of an
incinerator or autoclave, or when no
biohazard
waste
treaters
will
be
available, biohazards waste contained
in the red bags will be safely
collected in a septic vault provided
in the vicinity, or in such areas as
may
be
later
on
identified,
exclusively for biohazards wastes.
(3) Broken glass - all broken glass is
placed in the broken glass box. When
the box is full it is sealed and
placed in the dumpster behind the
Administration Building.
3. Spilled
chemicals
are
cleaned
immediately and disposed of properly.
up
4. Unlabeled containers and chemical waste

are disposed of promptly using appropriate
procedures.
5. Floors are swept daily and mopped once a
week.
6. Walkways (hallways, etc.) are not used as
storage areas.
7. Access to exits, emergency equipment,
controls, etc. is kept clear at all times.
B.
Inspections
1. Formal
housekeeping
and
chemical
hygiene
inspections
are
held
quarterly.
Inspections
involve reviewing the Chemical Hygiene Plan
toensure all aspects of the plan are being
followed.
2. Informal inspections are conducted continuously.
65
C.
Maintenance
1. Eyewash fountains must be provided and tested
weekly by the round operator.
2. The safety shower is tested weekly by the rounds
operator.
3. Fire extinguishers are inspected monthly and
serviced annually.
4. Respirators are inspected before use.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

All MSDSs are kept in three ring binders in the
PMP room above the Operations Supervisors desk.
A
separate binder is dedicated to MSDSs for lab
chemicals. Lab workers review MSDSs at the beginning
of each rotation into the lab of all chemicals used on
a routine basis.
Safety Recommendations
A.
Corrosive Agents
The major classes of corrosive chemicals are

strong acids and bases, dehydrating agents, and
oxidizing agents. Some chemicals, e.g. sulfuric acid,
belong to more than one class.
Inhalation of vapors
or mists of these substances can cause severe
bronchial irritation.
These chemicals erode the skin
and
respiratory
epithelium
and
are
particularly
damaging to the eyes.
1. Strong Acids - All concentrated strong acids can
damage the skin and eyes. Exposed areas should be
flushed promptly with water.
2. Strong Bases - The common strong bases are
potassium
hydroxide,
sodium
hydroxide,
and
ammonia.
Ammonia is a severe bronchial irritant
and should always be used in a well ventilated
area.
If exposure occurs to the eyes, the
affected areas should be washed at once with
copious
quantities
of
water
and
an
ophthalmologist should evaluate the need for
further treatment.
66
3. Dehydrating Agents - The strong dehydrating

agents include concentrated sulfuric acid and
sodium hydroxide.
Because much heat is evolved
on mixing these substances with water, mixing
should always be done by adding the agent to
water to avoid violent reaction and
spattering.
Because of their affinity to water, these
substances cause severe burns on contact with the
skin.
Affected areas should be washed promptly
with large volumes of water.
4. Oxidizing Agents: In addition to their corrosive
properties, powerful oxidizing agents such as
perchloric and chromic acids, present fire and
explosion
hazards
on
contact
with
organic
compounds and other oxidizing substances. Strong
oxidizing agents should be stored and used in
glass or other inert containers and corks and
rubber stoppers should not be used.
B.
Electrically Powered Laboratory Apparatus
When a person has received a serious electrical shock,

first throw the switch or circuit breaker to turn off
the current. Do not touch the victim until he or she
is separated from the current source. Begin mouth-tomouth resuscitation if breathing has ceased.
1. General Principles
All
outlet
receptacles
in
the
laboratory are standard design outlets
that a accept both three-prong and twoprong
plug
and
provide
a
ground
connection. Never attempt to bypass the
ground.
Only
use
extension
cords
with
a
standard
three-conductor
plug
that
provides
an
independent
ground
connection.
Receptacles providing electric power

for work inside hoods are located
outside of the hood. This prevents the
production of electrical sparks inside
the hood and also allows a laboratory
67
worker to disconnect electrical devices

from outside the hood.
All frayed or damaged line cords must

be replaced before further use of the
equipment is permitted.
Electrical cords are inspected at least

annually
All equipment that is plugged into an

electrical receptacle should be fitted
with
a
fuse
or
other
overload
protection device that will disconnect
the electrical circuit in the event the
apparatus
fails
or
is
overloaded.
Especially apparatus likely to be left
on and unattended for long periods of
time, such as a drying oven.
Nonsparking induction motors should be

used
on
motor
driven
electrical
equipment when used in a laboratory
where volatile flammable materials may
be present rather than a series wound
motor using carbon brushes.
This
applies to the motors used in vacuum
pumps, mechanical shakers, and stirring
motors.
A variable autotransformer
should not be used to control the speed
of an induction motor operating under a
load since this will cause the motor to
overheat and possibly start a fire.
There is no way to modify an apparatus
that has a series wound motor so that
it will be spark free, therefore many
normal household appliances should not
be used in laboratories where flammable
materials
may
be
present.
Additionally,
when
other
equipment,
especially vacuum cleaners and portable
electric drills, having series wound
motors are brought into the laboratory
special precautions should be taken to
ensure that no flammable vapors are
present before using such equipment.
68
2. Emergency
Accidents
Locate electrical equipment where the

risk of spilling water or
chemicals
on
the
equipment
is
minimized.
If a spill occurs, unplug
the equipment immediately and do not
use it again until it has been cleaned
and
inspected
by
a
qualified
technician.
With
the
exception
of
certain
instrument adjustments, unplug power
cords of electrical equipment before
any
adjustments,
modifications,
or
repairs are undertaken.
Lab workers hands should be dry before
handling electrical equipment that is
plugged in.
Response
A.
Emergencies
Workplace
for
Chemical
Encountered
in
Spills
a
and
Laboratory
1. Thermal and chemical burns.

2. Cuts and puncture wounds from glass or
metal,
including
possible
chemical
contamination.
3. Skin irritations by chemicals.
4. Poisoning by ingestion, inhalation, or skin
absorption.
5. Asphyxiation (chemical or electrical).
6. Injuries
to
the
eyes
from
splashed
chemicals.
B. Emergency Procedures
The following emergency procedures are
recommended in the event of fire, explosion, or
other laboratory accident. These procedures are
intended to limit injuries and minimize damage if
an accident occurs.
1. Render assistance to persons involved and
remove them to prevent further injury if
necessary.
69
2. Warn personnel in adjacent areas of any

potential hazards to their safety.
3. Render immediate first aid; appropriate
measures include washing under a safety shower,
removing contaminated clothing, CPR if breathing
has stopped, and any special first aid measures
necessary.
Note: All STP employees must be trained in first
aid and CPR.
Rendering first and/or CPR
assistance in an emergency situation is not a job
requirement for STP employees. But the ZCWD
management will ensure that its' employees will
be trained in Basic Life Support.
4. Extinguish small fires using a portable
extinguisher. Portable fire extinguishers will be
strategically located in vital areas in the
plant. Turn off nearby apparatus and remove
combustible materials from the area. In case of
larger
fires,
contact
the
Fire
Department
immediately.
C.
Evacuation Procedures
1. If the fire alarm sounds, all personnel are

required
to
evacuate
the
treatment
plant
buildings by following the posted escape routes
to exit the buildings.
All personnel will meet
at the parking area. Evacuation procedures which
will be documented in the Escape Route Standard
Operating Procedure to be contained in the Plant
Safety Policy binder in the control room.
2. The fire alarm sound is distinct from all
other alarms making it easy to identify.
There
are no other hazards present requiring a separate
evacuation alarm.
3. Personnel may return to their workstation
after emergency workers have determined the area
is safe. Depending on the emergency, precautions
may need to be taken before resuming regular
operations.
70
D.
Medical Emergencies
In the event of a medical emergency,

laboratory personnel should remain calm and do
only what is necessary to protect life.
1. Summon medical help immediately.
CALL 117.
2. Do not move an injured person unless he or she

is in danger of further harm.
3. Keep an injured person warm.
If feasible,
designate one person to remain with the
injured person.
Have that person stay within
sight, sound, or physical contact of the
injured person at all times.
4. If clothing is on fire, knock the person to
the floor and roll him or her around to
smother the flames or, if a safety shower is
immediately available, douse the person with
water.
5. For chemical spills covering small areas of
skin:
Immediately flush with flowing water for no

less than 15 minutes.
If there is no visible burn, wash with warm

water and soap, removing any jewelry to
facilitate
clearing
of
any
residual
materials.
Check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

to see if any delayed effects should be
expected.
Seek
medical
attention
chemical burns.
Do not use creams, lotions, of salves.
6.
for
even
minor
For chemical spills on clothes:
Do not attempt to wipe the clothes.
71
7.
For chemical splashes into the eye:
E.
Quickly remove all contaminated clothing,

shoes, and jewelry while using the safety
shower.
Seconds count, do not waste time with
modesty.
Take care not to spread the chemical on the
skin or, especially, in the eyes.
Use caution when removing pullover shirts or
sweaters to prevent contamination of the
eyes; it may be better to cut the garments
off.
Immediately flood the affected body area
with warm water for at least 15 minutes.
Resume if pain returns.
Get medical attention as soon as possible.
Discard contaminated clothes or have them
laundered separately from other clothing.
Immediately flush with tepid potable water

from a gently flowing source for at least 15
minutes.
Forcibly hold the individuals eyelids away
from the eyeball, and instruct him or her to
move the eye up and down and sideways to
wash thoroughly behind the eyelids.
Use an eyewash.
If one is not available,
place the injured person on his or her back
and pour water gently into the eyes for at
least 15 minutes.
Follow first aid by prompt treatment by a
member
of
a
medical
staff
or
an
ophthalmologist
who
is
acquainted
with
chemical injuries.
Medical Facilities
Employees requiring medical treatment
are transported to Zamboanga City Medical
Center emergency room for evaluation and
treatment. An MSDS is taken or faxed to the
hospital to assist in treatment for chemical
exposures.
72
F.
Accident and Emergency Reporting

The employee completes the Employees
Incident Report and the supervisor completes
the Supervisors Incident Report to document
all accidents, emergencies, and near misses.
Medical Program
1. If any employee has to work with hazardous
chemicals, such employee will have to undergo
medical examination at the expense of ZCWD.
2. All Wastewater Treatment Plant employees are
trained in first aid.
Records
1.
The Human Resources

records for 6 years.
Department
retains
accident
2.
The Human Resources Department retains medical

records for at least the duration of employment
plus 30 years as required by state and federal
regulations.
Chemical Waste Disposal

To assure that minimum harm to people, other
organisms, and the environment will result from the
disposal of waste laboratory chemicals.
Upon the start of the operation of the plant, but
within the proving period, the dangerous waste that
will be generated will be identified and assessed, as
well as the extremely hazardous wastes per month.
A. Waste Designation
Waste is designated hazardous if it meets one or
more of the following characteristics:
Is the waste defined and listed in the
Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A.
6969 or the "Toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990?"
73
Does the waste exhibit any dangerous waste

characteristics?
Is the waste ignitable?
Is the waste corrosive?
Is the waste reactive?
Is the waste considered a toxic chemical
substance under the IRR of R.A. 6969?
Does the waste meet any dangerous waste
criteria as either a toxic dangerous waste
or a persistent dangerous waste?
B. Waste Disposal Practices

1. Biohazard waste generated from the fecal
coliform membrane filter method is collected
in an autoclavable biohazard bag; once a
week the bag is closed with an autoclavable
twist
tie
and
sterilized;
after
sterilization, the bag is placed in the
regular waste receptacle.
2. Glass, broken or unbroken is collected in a
waste receptacle labeled "Broken Glass";
when full, the receptacle is taped closed
and discarded as regular waste.
3. Reagents are made in quantities that are
used up before the reagent expires.
In
addition, chemicals are ordered in the
smallest
quantities
practical.
These
measures help avoid expiring of chemicals in
stock and the associated expense of disposal
of these expired chemicals, as well as,
avoiding storage problems.
4. Expired chemicals and chemicals no longer in
use are promptly disposed of through an
accredited
toxic
and
hazardous
waste
treater. In the absence of such waste
treater,
a
separate
vault
will
be
constructed for the purpose of storing such
toxic and hazardous waste each batch to be
sealed in a secure bag.
74
5. Waste is disposed of as soon as feasible

when it is generated or whenever a chemical
is deemed no longer useful.
6. Indiscriminate disposal by pouring waste
chemicals down the drain or adding them to
mixed
refuse
for
landfill
burial
is
unacceptable.
7. Hoods are not used as a means of disposal
for volatile chemicals.
10.0 Staffing Plan
10.1
Tasks Description
A. Operations Task
Included in this task are various activities that
are commonly identified with the mechanics of
Sewerage Treatment Plant Operation:
Operation of process equipment, valves, pumps,

engines, and generators.
Cleaning of clarifier weirs, bar screens, and
other items necessary for proper unit process
functions.
Taking sewage samples for analysis.
Operation of electrical controls
Monitoring of gauges, meters, and control
panels.
Recognition of process upsets, and of critical
conditions in unit processes.
Determination of treatment process condition
using lab data and meter and gauge readings.
Mixing of any chemicals required in treatment.
Inspection
of
plant
for
overall
process
conditions.
The manpower requirements to perform operations

tasks may include but not be limited to the
following:
75
1.
2.
3.
4.
(1)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Operations Supervisor
Shift Operators
Chemists
Laboratory Technicians
B. Maintenance Task
Maintenance has been divided into two types:
preventive and corrective maintenance. These can be
defined as "what you do to keep equipment from
breaking (preventive), and what you do to fix
broken
equipment
(corrective)."
Some
of
the
activities that will be performed include, but not
limited to, the following:
Lubricate equipment and check for equipment

malfunctions
Replace packing in pumps and valves.
Service and replace bearings in motors and
other equipment.
Install and start up new equipment.
Clean out pipes (sludge linens).
Do some minor plumbing.
Do some minor welding and cutting.
Calibrate
and
repair
meters
and
gauges
(although this is sometimes done by an
electrician or by outside contract)
Set up and maintain a regular program of
lubrication and replacement of critical parts
(bearings).
Inspect and service mechanical and electrical
control systems (timers, level controllers,
etc.)
Driving, loading and unloading of sludge
trucks and other equipment.
Gardening: cutting grass, trimming shrubs,
watering, etc.
Washing of equipment and tools.
76
Cleaning and polishing of

furnitures, etc.
Serving as night watchman.
floors,
walls,
The manpower requirements to perform maintenance

following:
1. (1) Maintenance Supervisor
2. (1) Mechanic Maintenance Foreman
3. (1) Mechanic II
4. (1) Mechanic I
5. (1) Electrician II
6. (1) Electrician I
7. (4) Maintenance Helper
8. (1) Automotive Equipment Operator
9. (1) Painter
10.
(1) Storekeeper/Custodian
11.
(4) Laborer
12.
(6) Security Guards
C. Supervisory Task
This task includes all activities that are
necessary for the administration and management of
the entire Sewerage Treatment Plant. Some of the
individual activities involved the following:
Regular inspection of plant operation and
maintenance.
Analysis and evaluation of the functions
performed under the other five tasks.
Organization and direction of the activities
of the plant staff.
Organization
and
direction
of
training
programs.
Formulation
of
budget
and
control
of
expenditures.
Development of plans and procedures to insure
efficient operation and maintenance.
Reporting to authorities on the operation and
expenditures of the plant.
77
Maintenance of good public relations.

Preparation of work schedules, shift staffing,
and operations.
Evaluation
of
operation
and
maintenance
records.
The manpower requirements to perform supervisory

following:
1. (1) Operations Supervisor
2. (1) Maintenance Supervisor
3. (1) Laboratory Supervisor
D. Clerical Tasks
This task all record keeping and secretarial
activities necessary in a Sewerage Treatment Plant
- "the paper work". Some of the individual
activities involved the following:
The maintenance of operation and maintenance
records.
The maintenance of shift logs and meter
readings.
The filling out of regulatory agency forms:
discharge reports, operations reports, staff
reports.
The
maintenance
of
reports
on
operating
expenditure.
Composition of routine correspondence and the
handling of routine inquiries from the public.
Operation
of
office
machinery:
office
computers, printers, fax machines, etc.
Maintenance of financial records.
Posting, filing and sorting of various reprots
and records.
The manpower requirements to perform supervisory
following:
1. (2) Technical Assistant
78
E. Laboratory Tasks
Work in the laboratory is highly specialized and
requires considerable training and experience. Some
of
the
individual
activities
involved
the
following:
Collection of samples (influent, effluent and
receiving water).
Performance of laboratory analyses - both of
simple and complex.
Assembling and reporting of data from tests.
Evaluation of data in terms of plant process
performance.
Preparation of common chemical reagents and
bacteriological media.
Recommending
process
changes
based
on
laboratory data.
Reporting
to
regulatory
agencies
on
the
operation of the plant.
The manpower requirements to perform laboratory
following:
2. (3) Laboratory Technicians
3. (3) Chemists
79
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
ZCWD SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT
General Manager
Assistant General Manager for
Operations
Sewerage Division
Division Manager C
Sewerage Plant
Operations Section
Pumping Station
Operations and
Maintenance Section
Laboratory Section
Principal Engineer C
Shift Operators (3)
Mechanic Maintenance
Foreman
Mechanics (2)
Electricians (2)
Automotive
Equipment
Operator
Maintenance Helper
(1)
Custodian/Storekeeper
(1)
West Pumping
Station
West Pumping
Station
Chemists (3)
Laboratory
Technician (3)
Shift Operators (3)
Maintenance
Helper (3)
Maintenance
Helper (3)
Sample Collectors 3
Shift Operators (3)
Painter (1)
SecurityGuards
Guards
Security
(4)
(4)
80
* This organizational chart is subject to prior approval by the

ZCWD Management. It is prepared for compliance purposes only.
11.0 Mitigating and Control Measures
In compliance with the provisions Republic Act 1586 or the
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System, ZCWD will be
securing an Environmental Compliance Certificate for its
Sewerage Treatment Plant. One of the requirements for the
issuance of the ECC is an Environmental Management Plan which
encompasses the mitigating and control measures adapted for this
project against the various receptors which will be affected by
the project implementation at its various phases.
A.
People
The Local Government of Zamboanga City, represented
by the City Mayor, Maria Isabelle G. Climaco-Salazar,
and the Zamboanga City Water District, headed by its
General Manager, Leonardo Rey D. Vasquez, entered into a
Memorandum of Agreement for the use of the Materials
Recovery Facility (MRF) managed by the Office of the
City Environment and Natural Resources (OCENR)located at
Gov. Lim Avenue (Magay), Zamboanga City, for the
construction of a 4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage
Treatment Plant last April 22, 2014. Following this
momentous event, a separate Memorandum of Understanding
will be entered into by the same parties for the
operation of the STP. These activities have ensured that
the local government and ZCWD are in agreement of the
need to operate a sewerage treatment plant that will
warrant the life of the aquatic environment, coastal
marine and inland water, for its posterity.
Scoping activities will also be conducted involving
the various stakeholders in the city to gather their
concerns in order that ZCWD will be able to address the
same.
81
Furthermore, this project will not only put

Zamboanga City in the map as one of the premiere cities
in the country, being the first in Region IX, to operate
a sewerage treatment plant, but it will also generate
more labor opportunities for its constituents. During
its project implementation, the winning bidder will be
required to contract the services of skilled workers and
laborers prioritizing those who are residents of the
city for its construction. Its operation will also
require
skilled
operators,
engineers,
chemists,
machinists, etc. for its smooth operation.
B.
Water
The primary objective of this project is to treat
domestic or municipal wastewater in the city prior to
its disposal into a water body. This will ensure the
protection of the aquatic environment and the survival
of the aquatic resources with which most of the city's
marine resources needs are derived.
Initially, it will be treating the sewage collected
from the existing 11-kilometer sewerage network of the
city covering Zones I to IV. It has an estimated daily
generation of 4,000 cubic meters per day. The plant
capacity will so constructed that it will flexible to
expand
the
influent
water
capacity
upon
the
rehabilitation of the existing sewerage network and
increasing its inflow.
B. 1 Construction Phase
During the construction phase, all construction
debris and liquid materials used will be disposed
appropriately and no such waste shall be disposed at the
Magay Creek, an inland water body situated beside the
project site. In addition, bar screens will be installed
at that part of the creek prior to entering the vicinity
of the project site, which will be regularly cleaned, to
prevent the inflow of garbage. It will be ensured that
82
that part of the creek which falls within the vicinity

of the STP project site will be regularly cleaned.
B.2 Operation Phase
During project operation, all liquid wastes
will be treated prior to its disposal into the
creek. The winning bidder for the project shall be
required to install mechanisms to reduce the
different parameters of the wastewater to an
acceptable level, or even lower.
Toxic wastes generated from other operational
activities such as, but not limited to oil and
grease used for the machines, pumps and other
equipments, if within acceptable limits shall be
discharged into the influent channel. Chemical
spills from the laboratory and from the storage
areas used for the treatment process, such as
coagulants, etc. shall also be gathered immediately
and disposed into the influent channel. No direct
dumping or discharge will be done into the Magay
Creek.
Tanks and containments for toxic and hazardous
wastes shall be ensured to be leak-proof to avoid
contamination of the ground water.
Treated water will be recycled to be used for
washing and other general purposes other than
bathing drinking. A separate reservoir will be
provided by the winning bidder within the vicinity
of the STP to be made available to the General
Services Office of the City of Zamboanga, as well
as to the Philippine Ports Authority.
C.
Land
In
compliance
to
the
Zoning
Regulations
of
Zamboanga City, ZCWD has requested from the Zoning and
Land Use Board for land use exemption for the project,
83
the same to be located within an area classified as

commercial.
C. 1 Construction Phase
Since the project site is located in a
commercial area where traffic is found between
moderate to heavy, traffic aides will be installed
at both ends of the project site where the
installation of the influent pipe interconnected to
the West Pumping Station and the STP.
During trenching for the pipelaying of the
influent pipeline, shoring of the trench will be
made as well as installation of board-up fences and
steel plates at open trenches to ensure the safety
of the workers as well as the public in general.
Reflectorized signages, barricades or cones must be
present at the pipelaying site. The safety engineer
shall at all times ensure that this shall be
complied with.
Whenever possible, request to the city council
or to the city mayor for a resolution or executive
order rerouting traffic along the project site.
During the construction of the STP, compliance
with safety measures must at all times be ensured
by the Safety Engineer and the Pollution Control
Officer. Board up fences will be installed where an
on-going excavation of trenches for subsurface
grounds are being constructed. Sheeting and shoring
of the soil must be done to protect the workers and
prevent the soil from caving in.
C.2 Operation Phase
The piping system of the STP must at all time
be
ensure
from
leakages.
Tanks
and
other
containments especially of toxic and hazardous
84
wastes must be leak-proofed. These must be done to

prevent soil contamination.
D.
Air
D. 1 Construction Phase
To mitigate dispersion of entrained dusts,
water flushing will be done at regular intervals
and subsequently swept to avoid build-up thereof.
Workers are required to use the prescribed PPE
Uniform and face mask especially when working at
dusty conditions such as excavation works.
Exhausts from all equipments and vehicles must
at all times be within the emission standards for
mobile sources.
Board up fences must be installed at the
project site to limit the dispersion of entrained
dusts.
D.2 Operation Phase
All equipment and vehicles which will be used
by
the
Sewerage
Treatment
Plant
during
its
operation phase must comply with the emission
standards for point and mobile sources, whichever
is applicable. A permit to operate air pollutant
emitting source will be secured from the Pollution
Control Division of the Environmental Management
Bureau.
Regular preventive maintenance checks will be
performed on all vehicles and equipment to ensure
more efficient combustion, thus cleaner emissions.
Preference will be given to fuels which have higher
combustion efficiency and cleaner emissions.
85
E.
Noise and Odor

E.1 Construction Phase
Temporary 10-foot high construction noise barrier
wall will be installed at the project site to mitigate
noise at vicinity of the project site.
E.2 Operation Phase

Routine sewer maintenance as well as its influent
pipeline is necessary to allow the wastewater to flow
freely and unimpeded. When debris settles and collects
in the pipe, conditions for hydrogen sulfide becomes
favorable. Sewer blockage and/or debris accumulation
reduces wastewater velocity, increase detention time,
and promotes solids deposition. Sealing sewer holes and
other access structures will be done to prevent the
release of foul odors.
Caustic (sodium hydroxide) shock dosing to control
sulfide generation and magnesium hydroxide introduction
to provide vapor phase odor control.
Interim air treatment using any carbon adsorption
technology will also be used.
12.0 Target Market of the STP
The Proposed Sewerage Treatment Plant of Zamboanga City
Water District will serve the existing collection system which
has been constructed in 1933 during the American Regime.
Currently, it has 939 sewer service connections concentrated
mostly in the downtown area of the city covering approximately
80 hectares.
The possibility of expanding the service area is viewed at
20% of the existing sewer service connections more or less five
(5) years from commencement of operations of the STP.
86
If in the near future, the need to construct a Septage

Treatment Plant will be found, it will be constructed at a
different site other than the present Sewerage Treatment Plant.
7.1 Projected Capacity and Sewage Volume
Fig. 1 Estimated Trends in Sewage Treatment Volumes
The chart above shows the trend sewage treatment

volumes. As can be observed, there will be an excess demand
for treatment by 2020, even if Phase II of the project will
be implemented ( expansion of the sewer pipeline and
increase by 2,000 cubic meter per day capacity of the STP.
This excess demand shall grow and will be addressed by
additional capital expenditures for treatment capacity
expansion. Without subsequent expansion, excess demand will
equal to 1,403 m3/day y 2029 assuming a 2.3% same area
growth in water consumption. This excess is equivalent to
0.512 million cubic meters per year.
87
13.0 Business Plan

The costs for the construction of the 4,000 cubic meter
capacity
Sewerage
Treatment
Plant
is
estimated
at
Php
130,000,000.00 broken down as follows:
Particulars
A. General Items
B. Civil Works
C. Mechanical & Piping Works
D. Equipment Works
E. Electrical & Instrumentation
GRAND TOTAL
Cost, in Million Php

15,000
55,496
24,248
27,526
7,730
PHP 130,000,000.00
The project cost will mainly involve the cost of the

Sewerage Treatment Plant and the force main connecting the West
Pumping Station to the STP. This costs has taken into
consideration the trends in the price index of selected inputs.
13.1 Existing Sewer Fees
ZCWD charges customers which are connected to sewerage
system an amount equivalent to 50% of the water bill. This
sewer fee system has been in place as early as 1974. And as
of March 2014, there are 939 active sewer service
connections. On the average, the sewer service collection
amounted to 1.3 million for 2013.
Zamboanga City Water District
Sewer Fees per cubic meter (estimate)
Annual Sewer Fees (Php)
Annual Sewered Volume (cubic meters), estimated
Annual Billed Water Volume (cubic meters) estimated
Sewer Fee per cubic meter billed (Php)
11,720,066
1,261,805
1,432,990
8.18
13.2 Sewage Treatment Costs and Equivalent Sewer Fees
Considering that ZCWD'sewer revenues are a function of

water tariffs and billed volume of consumption while sewage
treatment costs of sewage (total costs/total sewage volume)
88
is adjusted by a factor to arrive at an "equivalent break

even sewer fee":
Equivalent Sewer Fee = Average Cost of Sewage Treatment x 'Loss'Factor
where: 'Loss' is assumed to average 87% for the life

of the project.
In other words, the equivalent sewer fee is the average
price that ZCWD should charge for it to recover per unit
cost of the new system.
13.3 Constrained and Unconstrained Billable Sewage Volumes
In the case of water supply, the maximum amount of
water that a water district can bill its customers is
limited by the amount of water it can produce and
distribute. In case of sewerage and sewage treatment, this
relationship may not hold as the sewer fee is automatically
computed from the bill. For example, beyond 2020, even if
there is no investment in additional capacity, sewer fess
will continue to be collected. This novel situation is a
result of the fact that sewerage pricing guidelines are yet
to evolve or/and to be developed by LWUA.
89
13.4 Project Financing Costs

In order to determine the appropriateness of existing
tariffs, an analysis is made to estimate the total cost per
volume of water inclusive of the financing costs. It is
assumed that the ZCWD will pay an appropriate financial
rent for the financial resources to be borrowed both from
the creditors and shareholders. This financial rent is
90
added as
tariffs.
part
of
the
total
costs
to
be
recovered
from
The WACC is simply the cost of debt and equity

adjusted for their corresponding weights. The debt is
assumed to be at 9.5% fixed per annum given the
availability of long term funding from government financial
institutions (i.e. DBP Philippine Water Revolving Fund,
LBP)and private banks. The cost of equity is estimated by
using a market rate of return (16%) premium over a risk
free rate of return (10 Year RP Treasury Bills = 7.93%)
adjustedby a market risk factor (beta).2
The cost of equity is estimated at 14.71%.
Assuming an equity participation of 10% from the WD,
the WACC is at 10.02% per annum (shown below).
The next table shows a more detailed estimate of the

financing costs. For simplicity, the table uses a semiannual payment of principal. Interest expenses are based on
declining outstanding loan balances. The analysis uses a
loan term of 15 years with a three-year grace period on
principal payments. Based on the table, the present value
2
Since WDS are not listed at the Philippine Stock Exchange, the proxy figure
for industry risk is the beta of Manila Water Company, Inc.
91
of the financing costs for the combined Phases I and II

project is Php 72.772 million from 2010 to 2032. For Phase
I only, the financing cost is Php 22.069 million
92
93
13.5 Cost Recovery through Tariffs

ZCWD currently reports its sewer revenues in the
financial statements; however the expenses attributable are
not
disclosed.
Moreover,
the
sewer
assets
are
not
distinguished from the water assets in the financial
report. 3
In order to evaluate the impact of this project on
ZCWDs financial position, the existing sewer revenues are
analyzed whether they are sufficient to meet the capital
and operating expenses of the new treatment plant and the
cost of financing. In the first case, a Phase I only
scenario is considered, where the first phase only is to be
undertaken. In the second case, a Phase II stand alone
scenario is considered. In the last case, a combined
Phase I and Phase II scenario is considered, where the
combined costs are levied on all the customers in the
entire sewered area.
13.6 Phase I only: Cost Recovery
The following tables show the analysisof the total
volumes billed versus the total costs of the project. The
figures used are the costs of the project at present
(2010)prices. Note that the financing cost (valued at
present) is added to the cost of the project. The present
value is used in order to make an apple-to-apple comparison
with the operating and capital costs which are all based at
present prices. The per m3 cost represents the average cost
of expected sewage volumes at present prices.
Considering all the expenses, the average cost of
sewage treatment for Phase I is Php 7.99 per m3 using a cost
recovery period of 15 years. In terms of the equivalent
sewer fee that should be collected, it is around Php 6.95
per m3 of water supply billed.
The sewer assets are not distinguished from the water assets in the notes on
the Water District's financial statements.
94
If the cost recovery period shall be made longer to 20

years, the cost will amount to Php 6.98. At equivalent
sewer fee, it is Php 6.07 per m3.
Considering that the WDs sewer fee is estimated
Php 8.18, the present sewer collections are sufficient
cover the cost of the new facility. In fact, it can
argued that present sewer charges can be maintained with
resulting cross subsidy from the water supply business.4
at
to
be
no
Note that this analysis takes into account the incremental impact of the
project on the cash position of the WD. It does not take into account of the
depreciation cost of the existing sewer network.
95
96
13.7 Phase II Stand Alone: Cost Recovery

The following table shows all the costs attributable
to Phase II of the project including the financing costs. 5
The operating expenses were weighted by the volumes of the
new sewer lines. Based on the foregoing assumptions, the
cost per m3 of Phase II is Php 27.84 based on a 20-year cost
recovery period. In terms of the equivalent sewer charge,
the price is Php 24.22 per m3.
Note that the increase in cost is mainly attributable to

the capital expenditure on the new sewer lines. Based on
the subsequent table, CAPEX cost per volume is Php 18.80 in
valued at the time the Feasibility was conducted in 2008.
97
Phase II versus Php 1.96 in Phase I. Note that the Phase I

CAPEX is mostly investment in the STP.
13.8 Combined Phase I and Phase II: Cost Recovery

The table below shows the cost per m3 of sewage treated
using the total sewage volume from the old and new areas.
This implies that the total cost of the entire project
(Phase I + Phase II) shall be shouldered equally by all the
subscribers in the old and new areas. Based on this
assumption, cost per m3 will be Php 11.70 compared to the
Php 27.84 in the previous Phase II stand alone scenario
(using a 20-year recovery period). The actual fee to be
collected is Php 10.30 per m3 which is 24.7% more than the
Php 8.18 being levied by the WD.
98
13.9 Grants and Loans

ZCWD will be availing of the National Septage and
Sewerage
Management
Program
which
entitles
local
governments to a grant of up to 40% of the project costs.
In the meantime, ZCWD will be availing of a loan from
the Land Bank of the Philippines to fund this project.
99

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4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Basic Project Information

Proposed 2,000 cubic meters per day

Magay St., R.T. Lim Boulevard,

Wastewater Management Project

Zamboanga City Water District

Pilar St., Zamboanga City

Tel No. : 991-1556

2.0 Site Information

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Phase I (Year 2010-2015)

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Rehabilitation of East and West Pumping Stations and

4.0 Operational Process

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

5.1 Treatment Options

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Table 5.1 Design Criteria for ZCWD-STP

Table 5.2 Effluent Standards: Conventional and Other

(2) Preliminary Treatment Units

Screening - Coarse screening of solids with particle

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

pumping stations and polder pumps. It may be a

(3) Main Treatment Units

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Process reliability this relates to the risk of the

Table 5.3 summarizes the features of the various biological

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Table 5.3 Comparative Advantages and

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

(4) Sludge Handling and Other Post Treatments

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

6.0 Description of Existing Environment

Zamboanga City Climatological Station, PAGASA (1950-1985)

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

DENR, would allow the natural assimilation of these pollutants

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

The present case where raw sewage is directly discharged

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

City General Services Office and the

Plant Odour, Mosquito And Other Nuisance

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

9.2.1 Responding to Peak Flows

9.3 Sanitary Sewer Overflows

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

Sewer line blockages

These cases require immediate emergency responses

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

process to insure proper

9.3.2 Reporting a Sewer Overflow Event

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

4. Contacts the STP Manager to report the

As a measure of safety, personnel must at all times

First Aid for Chemical Exposure

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

In case of solid spills, dispose appropriately into

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant

The likelihood of a Tsunami affecting the STP and the

4,000 cubic meter capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant