42.1.

10

Table 970.59.

AOAC Official Method 970.59

Solids (Soluble)
in Tomato Products
Refractive Index Method
First Action 1970
Final Action 1973
A. Apparatus and Reagents

(a) Filters.Cut stems off of 75 mm id glass or plastic funnels ca

1 cm from apex at 90 angle and firepolish ends of glass funnels. Set
funnels in 150 mL jars, ca 55 mm id. If 150 mL beakers are used,
close pouring spout with tape to prevent evaporation. Insert folded
paper, Whatman No. 2V, 12.5 cm, or equivalent, in funnel.
(b) Refractometer.Readability to 0.0001 n.
(c) Ultracentrifuge.Centrifuge should produce force of ca
150 000 g (lesser force may be satisfactory for some products).
International Equipment Co. No. B-20A (replacement Model
B-22M) is satisfactory.
(d) Pectic enzyme.(1) Dry preparation.In diatomaceous
earth base, e.g., Klerzyme analytical (Gist-Brocades USA, PO Box
241068, Charlotte, NC 28224-1068, USA), or Spark-L (Bayer,
1127 Myrtle St, PO Box 70, Elkhart, IN 46514, USA) or equivalent.
(2) Solution.Prepare 0.41% aqueous solution of (1); mix
thoroughly and let settle. Use clear supernate. Liquid preparations
are also available commercially; dilute, if necessary, before use.
Also available from Presque Isle Wine Cellars (9440 W. Main Rd,
North East, PA 16428, USA; http://shop.piwine.com/shopsite/prwc.
product54.html).
B. Preparation of Sample

(a) Filtration without dilution.Weigh 100 g test portion at

room temperature and add weighed amount (0.21.0 g) dry enzyme
preparation. Immediately mix with spoon or spatula to avoid
evaporation and transfer to filter. Tamp so test portion is in close
contact with paper and cover with Petri dish (top or bottom portion)
to form loose seal with top of funnel. Discard tests that do not filter in
reasonable length of time (<1 h). Mix 0.21.0 g dry enzyme
preparation with 100 g fresh test portion, seal in closed container,
and incubate 3060 min at ca 40C. Cool nearly to room temperature
before opening container, remix test portion, and transfer to filter.
For test samples that still do not filter within 1 h proceed as in (b).
(b) Filtration with dilution.[Applicable to test samples
containing 35% solids that will not filter when treated as in (a).]
Add 100 g enzyme solution to 100 g test portion and immediately
mix with spoon or spatula to avoid evaporation. (Mechanical mixer
[e.g., Osterizer] with sealed blending container may be used.)
Alternately blend and shake to dislodge and break up lumps sticking
to container. Examine mixture carefully for lumps and continue
mixing until homogeneous. Transfer to filter and cover with Petri
dish.
(c) Centrifugation.(Applicable to all test samples.) Centrifuge
test sample in ultracentrifuge until reasonably clear serum is
obtained (serum of some test samples may be slightly turbid and/or
red from presence of finely divided particles of pigment). Add dry
enzyme as in (a) to decrease centrifuging time. Protect test sample
from evaporation during centrifuging and before reading in
refractometer.

Refractive index correction values

Natural tomato soluble solids as %

sucrose corrected for enzyme 2

Correction

25.0

0.3

30.0

0.4

35.0

0.5

40.0

0.7

45.0

0.8

50.0

0.9

C. Determination

(a) With filtration.Adjust refractometer for refractive index

(nD) of 1.3330 with H2O at 20C. Let test sample filter into jar or
beaker until filtrate is clear (some color and turbidity may be
tolerated). Quickly remove funnel and transfer large drop of filtrate
directly from funnel to refractometer prism. (Tip of funnel may touch
refractometer prism but should not scratch prism.) Replace funnel in
jar. Read refractometer, preferably at 20C, but if humidity causes
condensation of moisture on prism, make measurements at room
temperature and correct readings to standard temperature as in
990.36A (see Appendix C). Read n or % sucrose on refractometer. If
nD is read, convert to % sucrose from 990.35A (see Appendix C).
Let test sample filter several min more. Repeat reading by
removing funnel and transferring drop of filtrate to refractometer
prism. The 2 readings should agree within 0.0002nD or 0.1%
sucrose. If not, repeat readings on successive portions of filtrate
until agreement is obtained. Erratic readings indicate evaporation or
faulty mixing and/or filtration technique.
Read clear supernate of 1% solution of dry enzyme on refractometer
and convert to % sucrose. Subtract 1.15 B C from direct reading on
test sample (as % sucrose); where 1.15 = correction for insoluble solids
in weighed test portion, assuming 12.5% total solids to be insoluble
solids; B = % enzyme preparation added to test portion; and C = reading
as sucrose obtained on 1% solution.
If diluted test sample is used, subtract 0.55 D C from reading
on test portion (as % sucrose); 0.55 = correction for insoluble solids,
as above, and D = % enzyme preparation added to dilution H2O.
Multiply corrected reading for diluted test sample by 2 and add
additional correction according to Table 970.59.
(b) With centrifugation.Re move se rum from ro tor or
centrifuge tube with pipet or medicine dropper, and transfer to
refractometer prism; avoid including solid particles as much as
possible. If sharp line is not obtained on refractometer because of
suspended solids, increase centrifuging time or speed, or add
enzyme to test sample before centrifuging. Calculate soluble solids
as above.
(c) Correction for added salt.(Use only when test sample
contains added salt and R > S.) Correct refractometer reading
expressed as % sucrose at 20C for added salt by following formula:
S = (R - N) 1.016 = total soluble solids as sucrose exclusive of
added salt; where S = refractometer reading as sucrose corrected for
added NaCl, R = total soluble solids as sucrose, and N = % total
chlorides expressed as NaCl [determined by 939.10B (see 42.1.14)
or 971.27 (see 42.1.15)].
References: JAOAC 52, 1050(1969); 55, 809(1972).
Revised: March 2002
2006 AOAC INTERNATIONAL