The pakhawaja (Hindi: ) or mridang (Sanskrit: ) is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum,[1] a variant and

descendant of the older mridang.

It is the standard percussion instrument in the dhrupad style and is widely used as an accompaniment for various forms of music
and dance performances. The pakhavaja has a low, mellow tone, very rich in harmonics. Set horizontally on a cushion in front of the
drummer's crossed leg, the larger bass-skin is played with the left hand, the treble skin by the right hand. The bass face is smeared
with wet wheat dough which acts as the kiran and is the cause of the vivid bass sound the pakhavaja produces.
Contents
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1Etymology

2Technique

3See also

4References

Etymology[edit]
The word pakhvaja or pakhavja is of Prakrit origin, whose Sanskrit equivalent is paksavdya. This instrument is always known
aspakhavaj and not pakshavadya. This word is derived from the words paksa ("a side"), and vdya ("a musical instrument"), it is
said that, during the 14th century, the great mridangists experimented with the materials used in mridang construction, and finally
started using wood for the main body as opposed to the original clay. Thus, a new name pakhawaj emerged, whilst the older name,
mridang was still used. [2]

Technique[edit]
As with the tabla, the pakhavaj rhythms are taught by a series of mnemonic syllables known as bol. The playing technique vary from
that of tabla in many aspects: in the bass face, the artist hits with his whole palm instead of the finger tip hitting which is done in
tabla. In the treble face, the artist hits his whole palm with the fingers properly placed on the skin to produce different bols.
In traditional pakhavaj styles a student would learn a number of different strokes which produce a specific sound. These are
remembered and practiced with corresponding syllables.
The very basic capacity is to play a theka in a particular tala or rhythmic cycle, as for instance chautala, (which is unrelated
tochowtal, a type of folksong in the Bhojpuri region and sung by amateurs during the Phagwah/Holi festival) in 12 beats:
| dha dha | din ta || kite dha | din ta | tite kata | gadi gene |
Advanced students learn reelas that are virtuoso pakhavaj compositions.