F2

GLUED LAMINATED ROOF BEAM

DESIGN DATA

Subject
It is required to check the adequacy of a glued laminated softwood timber beam for a restaurant
roof. The beams are at 3.0 m centres and have an effective span of 11.0 m. The permanent load,
excluding the self-weight of the beam, is 0.557 kN/mZand the snow load is 0.75 kN/m*.
,

Clause 3.1.5

Service class
Service class 1

GluIam strength

class and properties

Glulam strength class

GL24

prEN lY94

Materialproperties for ghdam strength classes are given in

Bending strength
Shear strength
Compression strength perpendicular to grain
Mean modulus of elasticity parallel to grain
Characteristic density of timber

fm.0
fv.0
ff,W,g,k
&,__
P&k

=
=
=
=
=

prEN 1194

24
2.8
5.5
11000
380

N/mm*
N/mm*
N/mm*
N/mm*
kg/m3

Section dimensions and properties

1

The depth of a ghdam beam is normally a multiple of the thicknessof the laminationsusually 45 mm. The cross-sectionsmost commonlyavailable in the UK are tabulated in
Table 5 of the Introductionto the Design Examples.
GD3, Table 8

Breadth of beam section

Depth of beam section
Span between bearing centres
Bearing length
he-camber

b
h
L
0
u,

=
115
= 540
=ll 000
=
75
=
20

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

Cross-sectional area

bh

115x540

Section modulus about y-y

WY=

bh2
6

115 x

115 x

Second moment of area about y-y 4

I

I
I

62 100 mm*

?!?/E

5 589 000 mm3

1509000000

mm4

For the calculation of self-weight, the mean density is used.

Clause 2.2.2.2(3)
prEN 1194 (at the time of writing)gives only characteristicdensities. For glulam these
may be converted to mean densities by dividing them by a factor of 0.93.

F2

pg. mcpn

GLUED LAMINATED ROOF BEAM

380
0.93

9.807 ps_,A

p&k=_
0.93

Beam self-weight

408.6 kg/m3
9.807 x 408.6 x 62 100

0.2488 kN/m

log

109

Actions

Dead weight of decking, insulation and ceiling =

=

0.557 kN/mz
0.557 x 3.0

Beam self-weight
Therefore Gk

1.671 + 0.249

snow load

0.75 kNlm2

Therefore Q

0.75 x 3.0

1.671 kN/m

0.249 kN/m

1.920 kN/m

2.25Wm

The NALI states that snow loads in the UK should be considered as short-tern actions.
NAD Clause 3. I. 6P(2)

Partial safety factors for unfavourable effects

Permanent actions

YG

1.35

Variable actions

YQ

1.5

Material factor

Yu =

1.3

Table 2.3.3.1

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE - Strength

Design value of actions

(2.3.2.2a)

Gd =

YG%

1.35 x 1.920

2.592 kN/m or N/mm

Qd =

TQQ~

1.5 x 2.25

3.375 kN/m or N/mm

Strength modification factors

Guidance Document GD3, Table 5, lists the modijkuion
characteristic strength values.

=TRADA19!94.F

factors applicable

TRADA, HughendenValley, High Wycombe. Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK:

to

11 of44

F2

GLUED LAMINATED ROOF BEAM

Load sharing

Beam is not part of a load-sharing assembly. Therefore $

Clause 5.4.6

1.0

Size factor
Factor k,, may be used for glulam sections withdepths in bending or widthsin tension of
less than 600 mm to increase the charactetisticbending and tension strength valuesgiven
in prEN 1194.

kt, =

Depth modification

(Y)

(E!J

1.02

Lateral stability
Beam is adequately restrained along compression edge by attached joists.
Therefore

kimt

Clause 5.2.!(4)

1.0

Clause 5.2.5

Bearing length
Bearing length

75mm

Distance between bearing members (clear span) 0, = L - 0 =

Distance to end of bearing

k&l

1 +

Bearing factor

11 000 - 75 =

10 925 mm

1OOmm
(150 - 0
170

1 +

(150 - 75)
170

1 44

PERMANENT LOAD

Design values of effects of actions

Design bending moment

M, =

_G,L*
8

Design shear force

v, =

%L
-=
2

2.592 x 11 ood
8

39200000Nmm

2.592 x 11 000
2

14260N

Modification factor for actions of permanent duration

= 0.6
in Service class 1
knKd

Table 3.h.7

Bending stwngth
Design bending stress

Qm.d,y

-%

wY

12of44

39 200 000
5 589 000

TRADA, Hughenden Valley, High Wycumbe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

7.01 N/mm*

0 TR&DA 1994. F

F2

Design bending strength

GLUED LAMINATED ROOF BEAiM

fmay = k,khkinrck&.t

1x1.02x1x0.6x24
1.3

11_30N,_~

Bending strength
satisfactory
Shear strength
Design shear StresS

Td

1.5 v*

1.5 x 14 260
62 100

= 0.34 N/mm*

1 x0.6x2.8
1.3

= 1.29 N/mm*

A
Design shear strength

Uwdfv&k

f,,d =

Yhl

Shear strength
satisfactory

Fd
Bearing strength
Design compression stress
perpendicular to grain
uOU

VC3

=?;I

14 260
115 x 75

= 1.65 N/mm*

Design compression strength

perpendicular to grain
fqwA
1 x1.44x0.6x5.5
1.3

=
<

Q4w

= 3.66 N/mm*
Section adequate in
benbrg,*tia
for permanent actions

fC,9oC

PERMANENT + SEIORT-TERM LOADS

Design vah~es of effects of actions

Design load on beam

Fd

G, + Q

Design bending moment

Md

FaL
_

Design shear force

v,

=-

F,L
c)
L

5.967 N/mm

5.967xllood

9025OOOONmm

5.967x11000
2

32 820N

2.592

+ 3.375

Modification factor for short-term loading

in Service class 1
= 0.9
kmod

Table 3.1.7

Bending strength
M,

Design bending stress

QmAY

=
w,

Design bending strength

fmAy

90 250 000
5 589 000

= I 16.15 N/mm*

= lkwirQlkraodf~,k
YM
=

1x1.02x1x0.9x24
1.3

16.95 N/mm*
Bending strength
satisfactory

B TRADA 1994. F(o>

TRADA, HughendenValley, High Wycombe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

13of44

Shear strength
Design shear stress

7d =

Design shear strength

fv,d =

-1.5 v,
A

1.5 x 32 820
62 100

0.79 N/mm2

4slsllcdfJC

1 x 0.9 x 2.8
1.3

1.94 N/mm2

YM
7d <

S@ar strength
satisfactory

f,d

Bearing strength
Design compression stress
perpendicular to grain

%9O,d

Design compression strength

perpendicular to grain

fc.90.d

Vd

32 820
115 x 75

iz

3.81 N/mm2
i

4skc9JLodfcso,~

YM

1 x1.44x0.9x5.5
1.3

=
<

5.48 N/mm2

sption

fc,90,d

adequate in
b@ing, shear
ad bearing for
short-term
load case
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - Deflection
The rules for calculating instantaneous and jinal deflections and the recommended
dejlection limitationsare given in Guidance Document GD4. Fomulae for calculating
jlexural and shear dejlectionsfor beams are given in the introduction to the Design
Examples.

Deflection formulae
Fonnzda I(l)

Deflection caused by full-length u.d.1.

=

1 1

F.&
I&)_&

5L2
384+5

F udl

l1

Ood

11ooox1509oooooo

h2

5x11 ood+w
384

ll.glF,,mm

Instantaneous deflection
Dead load

Ul,imt

11.91 Gk

11.91 x 1.909

Snow load

u+*

11.91 Qk

11.91 x 2.25

14of44

TRADA, Hughendenvalley,

22.74 mm
=

26.80 mm

High Wycombe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

0 TA

1994. F@

GLUED LAMINATED ROOF BEAM

F2

Clause 4.3.1(2)

Recommended deflection limitation

%.imt.ma

UZ.imt

<

L
300

11 000
300

36.67 mm
InstaJltaneous

uZ,inst,mu

deflection
satisfactory

Final deflection

Table 4.1

bf factor for glulam

Permanent duration

Lf

0.8

Short-term duration

kf

0.0

Final deflection due to permanent loads

ul,A

(1 + bef)%iit

1.80 x 22.74

Clause 4. I(4)
*

40.93 mm

26.00 mm

47.73 mm

Final deflection due to variable load

=

(1 + be3%nst

1.00 x 26.80

u,

20.0 mm

%t,ti

Ul.fln + u2.fIn-

40.93

%i

Final net deflection

Pre-camber

u,

+ 26.80 - 20.0

Clause 4.3.1

Recommended deflection limitations

%.filVlWd= kt,fm,mx =
%ln

<

u2,,,

%,ti.

-e

%et.fin.mu

&) =

11 000
---j&j-

55.00 IIlni

The proposed beam is adequatefor both strength and st@ness, provided that it is made
withthe proposed 20 mmpre-camber. In this case, the bending strengthfor the short-term
load case determines the section required.

deflection
satisfactory

Final

A 1994.