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SPECTRUM 6(3)
PRACTICE 1 SUBJECT AND VERB
Common mistake: All of the students they need to go to the Study Room.
Hint:
a)
Nouns
Pronouns
Gerund
Infinitive
Noun clause
Your invitation
It
Accepting your invitation
To accept your invitation
That you invited me
Subject
b)
SPECTRUM 6(3)
makes me happy.
Verb
STUDENTS COPY
PRACTICE 2 VERB AGREEMENT, TENSE AND FORM
( PART A )
Common mistake: (Agreement) Everyone but the janitor have left the building.
(Tense)
(Form)
Hint:
a) (Every-body, etc / Some-one, etc / Any-thing, etc / Each / Every / Neither) + Singular Verb
Everyone is here
S
V
Neither of the students is passing the course.
S
V
b) (Every / Each) joined by and + Singular Verb
Every boy and girl was asked to go to the Study Room.
S
S V
Each student and teacher was interviewed by the Supervisor.
S
S
V
c) It + Singular Verb
It was the students who made that noise.
S V
It is their low MPT scores that worry the students.
SV
d) (Together with / In addition to / Along with / As well as, etc) Do not modify the number of the subject.
The teacher as well as all his students is watching the video.
S
V
One of the largest fast food restaurants in the city is Burger King.
S
V
e) (There / Here) are never subjects.
There are no books in the bookcase.
/
There isnt any candy left for me.
V
S
V
S
Here are the results of your exam.
/
Here is the book you lent me yesterday.
V
S
V
S
SPECTRUM 6(3)
STUDENTS COPY
PRACTICE 3 VERB AGREEMENT, TENSE AND FORM
( PART B )
Common mistake: (Agreement) It is Italy and France that is going to play the final game.
(Tense)
(Form)
Hint:
Had you hurried, Mr. Torrez wouldnt have been being here for 2 hours.
This is the first time I have sang in a karaoke.
SPECTRUM 6(3)
STUDENTS COPY
PRACTICE 4 VERB AGREEMENT, TENSE AND FORM
( PART C )
Common mistake: (Agreement) The teacher with his students are watching Terminator II
(Tense)
(Form)
Hint:
SPECTRUM 6(3)
Singular verb
STUDENTS COPY
PRACTICE 5 VERB AGREEMENT, TENSE AND FORM
( PART D )
Common mistake: (Agreement) The table along with all the chairs were sold yesterday.
(Tense)
(Form)
Hint:
Plural verb
STUDENTS COPY
SPECTRUM 6(3)
PRACTICE 6 CLAUSES
Common mistake: Because wanted to learn fast, the girl studied all night long.
a) Adjective Clauses or Relative Clauses (Who / Whom / Whose / That / Which / Where / When, etc)
Adj. clause
Adj. clause
The people (that we met) were not from La Paz.
/
The people (we met) were not from La Paz
(S) (V) ____
(S) (V) ____
S
V
S
V
Exercises:
1. The Brooklyn Bridge which was built by John Roblings who perfected the suspension bridge.
A
B
C
D
2. Ancient Egyptians, who are gathering their clay from the Nile, used straw or reeds to strengthen their bricks.
A
B
C
D
3. In 2005, Evo Morales who won the Presidential Elections which proved to be a change in Bolivias Democracy.
A
B
C
D
4. Beside the secretary is the supervisor gives permission to any student that might need it.
A
B
C
D
5. In Oruro, Bolivia, who was once founded as Villa de San Felipe de Austria, is where the biggest Carnival takes place.
A
B
C D
Hint:
b) Adverb Clauses (Time: after, since / Cause-Effect: because, whereas / Condition: if, once / Opposition: while,
even though / Manner: as though, as if / Comparison: than, as)
Adverb Clause - Condition
(Unless we finish the CBA by the end of this year), we will not be able to apply for that scholarship.
S
V
STUDENTS COPY
SPECTRUM 6(3)
PRACTICE 7 VERBALS
Common mistake: This is a very interested book.
Hints:
Present Part.
Past Part.
The (exciting) movie draws large crowds of (excited) children every Saturday.
doing
receiving
d) (Reduction from Subordinate Clauses to Verbal Phrase when the subject is the same)
The same subject
While the man was eating, the man choked on a small bone. (Subordinate clause)
While eating, the man choked on a small bone.
(Verbal phrase)
The same subject
Because it is seriously injured, the dog may die.
(Subordinate clause)
Being seriously injured, the dog may die.
(Verbal phrase)
Wrong:
Correct:
STUDENTS COPY
SPECTRUM 6(3)
PRACTICE 8 PRONOUN FORMS
Common mistake: It must be him at the door.
Hints:
SPECTRUM 6(3)
STUDENTS COPY
PRACTICE 9 PRONOUN AGREEMENT AND REFERENCE
Common mistake: Both the cat and the dog spend its days outside.
Hints:
Hint:
a) Pronoun Agreement.
A plural pronoun is used with Bothand / And
o Both John and Mary are returning to their class. / John and I are returning to our class.
A singular pronoun is used with indefinite pronouns (Somebody / Anyone / Everything, etc)
o Everyone must do his homework. / He never puts anything back in its place.
The pronoun should agree with the closer part in (Eitheror / Neithernor / Not onlybut also)
o Either the students or the teacher will give you his book. / Neither the dogs nor the cats have their collars.
The pronoun might be singular or plural with collective nouns like (group, team, class, crew, etc)
o Singular: The team is preparing for its final game. / Plural: The team are going to their homes now.
b) Pronoun Reference.
Pronouns in adjective clauses refer to nouns that come before them.
Who, Whom: Refer to people and household animals.
Which:
Refer to things, collective nouns, and animals.
Whose, That: Refer to all types of nouns.
Pronouns in adjective clauses refer only to nouns, but cannot refer to verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.
Wrong:
The class was long which no one liked.
Correct:
The class which no one liked was long.
STUDENTS COPY
SPECTRUM 6(3)
PRACTICE 10 INVERSIONS
Common mistake: I dont know where did he go.
Hints:
STUDENTS COPY
PRACTICE 11 PARALLEL STRUCTURES
6(3)
WRONG
N
N
N
He was young, strong, and feeling happy / He was young, strong, and happy.
WRONG
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Wrong: She has succeeded because she works hard and because of her intelligence.
She succeeded because (she works hard) and because (she is intelligent).
Clause
Clause
She succeeded because of (her hard work) and because of (her intelligence).
Phrase
Phrase
b) ING noun forms and infinitives.
Wrong: She likes to swim, to jog, and playing tennis.
She likes swimming, jogging, and playing tennis.
-Ing.
Ing.
Ing.
She likes to swim, to jog, and to play tennis.
Inf.
Inf.
Inf.
c) Correlatives (Bothand / Eitheror / Neithernor / Not onlybut also / Whetheror).
Water both flows over and through porous soil. / Water flows both over and through porous soil.
Verb
Prep.
Prep.
Prep.
We didnt decide whether well go or stay home. / We didnt decide whether well go or well stay home.
Future
Verb
Future
Future
d) Comparisons
The area of Alaska is greater than Texas. / The area of Alaska is greater than that of Texas.
WRONG
(The area)
Wrong: Alaska is larger than any state. (Alaska is larger than Alaska???)
Correct: Alaska is larger than any other state.
Wrong: Frank is more intelligent than anyone in his class. (Frank is more intelligent than Frank???)
Correct: Frank is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.
STUDENTS COPY
SPECTRUM 6(3)
PRACTICE 12 REDUNDANCY AND WORD CHOICE
Common mistake: Hes a very fast, quick runner.
She was laying on the bed.
Hints:
a) Redundancy.
Wrong: The store raised the cost by ten dollars more.
Correct: The store raised the cost by ten dollars.
Wrong: The distant thunder was audible to the ear.
Correct: The distant thunder was audible.
Hint:
b) Word Choice.
Transitive Verbs
Intransitive Verbs
(Need an Object)
(Dont need an Object)
SET
SIT
LAY
LIE
RAISE
RISE
Exercises: Choose the correct option.
11. (Lying, Laying) in the driveway was a bicycle.
A=LYING
A
B
12. The flag was (risen, raised) to the top of the pole. B=RAISED
A
B
SET
SIT
LAY
LIE
RAISE
RISE