Chapter 1

1.1 The Project

Blower is a machine whose primary function is to provide a large flow of air or gas to various processes
of many industries. This is achieved by rotating a number of blades, connected to a hub and shaft, and
driven by a motor. Most manufacturing plants use blowers for ventilation and for industrial processes
that need an air flow. Nowadays, the term fan and blower are often interchanged, and sometimes
considered similar in function and purpose. Although, they might look the same, technically they differ
in properties and uses. They are differentiated by the method used to move air and by the system
pressure they must operate against. The flow rates of these machines ranges differently from their
classifications. Industrial blowers particularly use high pressure to produce large amount of gas.
There are many uses for the continuous flow of air or gas that industrial fans generate, including
combustion, ventilation, aeration, particulate transport, exhaust, cooling, air-cleaning, and drying, to
name a few. The industries served include electrical power production, pollution control, metal
manufacturing and processing, cement production, mining, petrochemical, food processing, cryogenics,
and clean rooms.

1.2 Project Objectives

1.2.1

Main objective:
To recommend a higher efficiency than its current companys blower and minimize the blowers
energy consumption

1.2.2

Specific Objective:

To know the old specification of the companys blower

To select the economical type of blower that fits the required specification of the company
To provide computations and comparisons to differentiate the blower type that gives the best

performance for a particular application, specifically at the companys production area.

To recommend the best blower based on the computed results

1.3 The Client

ROHM designs and manufactures semiconductors, integrated circuits and other electronic components.
These components find a home in the dynamic and ever-growing wireless, computer, automotive and
consumer electronics markets. The company was initially known as Rohm which was derived from R, for
resistors, the original product, plus ohm, the unit of measure for resistance. Some of the most innovative
equipment and devices use ROHM products. ROHM Semiconductor's product portfolio ranges from
audio/video ICs, wireless audio links, image sensors, noise protection discrete, memory products with
double-cell technology, energy-efficient power management components, and LEDs.

ROHM Electronics Philippines

Figure 1.1: ROHM at Carmona,Cavite

Company Mission
Quality is our top priority at all times. Our objective is to contribute to the advancement and progress of our
culture through a consistent supply, under all circumstances, of high quality products in large volumes to
the global market.

Management Policy
Secure reasonable profit through a concerted company-wide effort for a comprehensive quality assurance
program.
Develop globally leading products by improving upon technologies held by each department for continued
advancement of the company.
Maintain healthy and vigorous lifestyles and refine intellect and humanitarianism, hence contributing to
society.
Search extensively for capable human resources and cultivate them as cornerstones for building long-term
prosperity.

Quality Assurance Policy

Promote internal standardization for the whole company and establish structures for QC
management by data

Conduct comprehensive and continuous research for the development of new technologies and
products

Proactively utilize methods of statistical control for all areas of company activities

Establish quality assurance structures for all manufacturing processes

Exert effort for cost reductions of each product by continual modernization of manufacturing
systems

Secure quality assurance programs of raw materials and components with our suppliers through
contracts

Goals for Education and Training

Develop personnel at all levels to constantly strive to obtain new knowledge and to acquire
empirical reasoning ability from a broad perspective

Train staff to be dedicated as leaders in their field by utilizing their knowledge and experience

Develop personnel who can overcome any adversity and strive towards achieving targets

Train staff to place the highest value on teamwork, resulting from the combined efforts of all
individuals

Policy for Education and Training

All employees will use every available opportunity to enhance self-development

Those in leadership positions will exemplify model behaviour at all times

The emphasis of education is on-the-job training led by the supervisors through daily operations.
Supplementary training off the job is also provided

Each head of all management levels will appraise staff fairly and conduct effective training
programs periodically and consistently

Appraisals for each head of all management levels is based, as a general rule, on the success of
staff education and training

Figure 1.2: Pie graph companys product sold.

Figure 1.3: annually product being sold.

History of ROHM

ROHM was established in Kyoto in 1958 as initially a manufacturer of small electronic components. In 1967
production was expanded to include transistors and diodes, and in 1969 ICs and other semiconductor
products were added to the lineup. Two years later (in 1971), going against conventional Japanese
business culture, the company entered the US market by establishing a sales office and IC design center in
Silicon Valley. Through the hard work and passionate dedication of its young work force, business
flourished, causing the industry to take notice. ROHM's expansion overseas soon became a template for
other companies and eventually was accepted as common business practice.

Founding 1969
1970 1979
1980 1989
1990 1999
2009 2010
2010-Present

2010 Toward the nest 50 years

2010

Developed the worlds first laser diode that can control beam direction.
Began mass production of SiC Schottky barrier diodes.
Retrofitted the Kyoto Tech nology Center and Business Center with green technology,
including ROHM LED lighting products, high efficiency air conditioners, and a garden

2011

2012

rooftop.
Developed a chipset and reference board for Intel 's next-generation embedded processor.
Acquired MARUZEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Established ROHM Semiconductor India Pvt. Ltd.
Constructed the Tsinghua-ROHM Electronic Engineering Hall at Tsinghua University
(Beijing, China)
Established sales companies in Brazil
Established the ROHM-Tsinghua Joint Research Center
ROHM Kyoto Station Building received the Natural Resources and
9

Energy Secretary Award for Energy Conservation

Began mass production of Full SiC Power Modules
Developed LDO regulators for automotive applications featuring an industry-low quiescent
current of 6uA (80% less than conventional products)
Began mass production of the world's smallest transistor package (VML0806)
Developed the world's smallest Zener diodes (0402 size)
Became a promoter for EnOcean Alliance, a next-generation wireless communication
standard promotions organization utilizing energy harvesting technology
Began mass production of the industry's first SiC MOS module with no Schottky barrier
2013

diode
Co-developed a low power consumption power management IC for Intel's next-generation
Atom processors (Bay Trail) for tablets
Developed a hybrid MOS device that combines the advantages of MOSFETs and IGBTs
Acquired the naming rights for Kyoto Kaikan and renamed it ROHM Theater Kyoto
Started mass production of the RASMID series of the world's smallest products featuring

2014

breakthrough miniaturization, developed utilizing new process methods

Developed the industry's first AC/DC converter IC with PFC control functionality
Established a design center in India
Launched the industry's first MEMS foundry business for supplying high accuracy thin-film
piezoelectric elements
Developed the first Wi-SUN-compatible universal wireless communication module ideal for
Smart Communities
Developed high power ultra-low-ohmic shunt resistors optimized for current detection in
automotive and industrial applications
Developed the world's smallest transistors (VML0604) that reduce mounting area by 50%

2015

over conventional products

Acquired partial assets of Renesas Semiconductor Manufacturing's Shiga Factory (8-inch
wafer fab line)
Acquired digital power supply control IC pioneer Powervation (presently ROHM
POWERVATION Ltd.)

2000 2009 Aiming towards further growth

2000:
10

Europe Technology Center opened

Developed new clock generator IC with the highest range of S/N and low jitter for DVD
Developed REAL SOCKET a revolutionary concept in system LSI design technology
ROHM Semiconductor (China) Co.,Ltd. established
Co-sponsored "Seiji Ozawa Opera Project."
Co-sponsored "The Opening Concert of Autumn Kyoto Music Festival."

2004:

Shanghai Technology Center opened

Taiwan Technology Center opened
Developed REAL PLATFORM, a new platform design environment for system LSI
Started the full-scale operation of the 300mm wafer process line
Started mass production of the 130nm CMOS LSIs
A Selection of Japanese 78rpm Recording I

2007:

ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation to Laboratory

Developed an ultra-compact LED "PICOLED TM [picoled]" featuring both the smallest volume and

area in the world

A Selection of Japanese 78rpm Recording III
The industry's first IEEE802.1X-compatible baseband IC for wireless LAN applications

2009:

The first low ohmic SiC ternch MOSFET

Seamless LED Base Lamps(Winner of the 2009 Good Design Award).
Market leader Kionix, Inc., becomes a subsidiary of ROHM.
A SiC supplier becomes a ROHM subsidiary

11

Figure 1.4: Inside the production area

Figure 1.5: ROHM Electronics Pilippines Location

1.4 Statement of the Problem

12

ROHM Electronics Philippines Corporation requirement for the production of IC and other
semiconductor is to use a blower to cool the product from the production area so that the
Semiconductor will have a minimum time to cool down. The problem is that the current blowers are not
so much efficient to use because they are only fabricated by the company. And the blowers energy
consumption of the factory should be lowered than its current energy consumption by the blowers. And
with a low energy consumption and higher efficiency than its current blower which is used to supply the
entire production area, it will be for the betterment of the company which seeks innovation and
improvement.

1.5 Project Scope and Limitations

This project is to recommend more efficient blower for the exhaust blower in the production area
at semi-conductors processing section of the company. The existing blower of the company is
inefficient to use for removing heat because it consumed more energy to fasten the cooling process of
the semi-conductors. The specification of the blower will be modified based on the companys
specification and based on the specified blower given to us for study purposes. Hence, we are to select
and recommend the best blower type having minimum cost and more efficient for the future needs and
provide the total cost of the selected blower.

1.6 Project Development

13

Problem Definition:

blower efficiency
energy consumption

Objective:
To recommend higher efficiency and
minimize energy consumption

Establish
design:
Recommend
Power

Design Input:
:

Changing Efficiency

Analyse Data:

Project Design:

Comparing Old
vs New Data

Creating Alternative

Final Design:
Recommend Blower

Figure 1.6: Design Flow

CHAPTER 2
DESIGN INPUTS

14

Fans and blowers are differentiated by the method used to move the air, and by the system
pressure they must operate against. As per American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) the specific
ratio, the ratio of the discharge pressure over the suction pressure is used for defining the fans and
blowers. Both, fans and blowers, are mechanical devices used for circulation of air. Based on this, they are
differentiated from each other, wherein a fan circulates air around an entire room or space and a blower
only focuses on the specific or given area.
Table 2.1: Pressure and Sp. Ratio Consumption

There are two types of fans and blowers, mainly centrifugal and axial. Centrifugal blowers look more like
Centrifugal pumps than fans. The impeller is typically gear-driven and rotates as fast as 15,000 rpm. In
Multi-stage blowers, air are accelerated as it passes through each impeller. In single-stage blower, air does
Not take many turns, and hence it is more efficient.

Centrifugal blowers typically operate against pressures of 0.35 to 0.70 kg/cm2, but can achieve higher
Pressures. One characteristic is that airflow tends to drop drastically as system pressure. In this project
We will be using blower;

15

Positive-displacement blowers have rotors, which "trap" air and push it through housing. PositiveDisplacement blowers provide a constant volume of air even if the system pressure varies. They are
Especially suitable for applications prone to clogging, since they can produce enough pressure - typically
Up to 1.25 kg/cm2 - to blow clogged materials free. They turn much slower than centrifugal blowers (e.g.
3,600 rpm), and are often belt driven to facilitate speed changes.

Common Applications of blower

Conveying material in dust collector systems or loading to silos, trucks and railroad cars
Combustion air for burners and industrial water heaters
Cooling electrical equipment or parts from heat curing ovens and kilns
Pressurizing cabinets, vaults or rooms
Blow-off systems to remove moisture from parts prior to painting, coating or packing
General ventilation of rooms or factories
Providing suction or pressure for industrial process air flotation tables
Drying ink on cans and bottles, silk screen and printing processes
Food processing
Circulating air in ovens and dryers to eliminate cold spots
Forced ventilation of AC and DC motors, traction motors and electrical cabinets

Though data based on the companys manual the required equipment is a centrifugal blower. Therefore
in this design we will be espousing the use of a centrifugal blower

Fan

Blower

16

Definition

Pressure

Pressure ratio

Air area

A fan circulates air around an

A blower circulates the air only

entire room, or space.

on the specific or pointed area.

It is uses less pressure to

It is uses high pressure to

produce large amounts of gas.

produce large amounts of gas.

The ratio of pressure is below

The ratio of pressure is from

1.1.

1.1 to 1.2.

It provides air in the complete

It provides air in a specific

area.

location or point.

Types

Consists of

Axial flow fans.

Centrifugal blowers.

Centrifugal fans.

Positive-displacement

Cross- flow fans.

blowers.

It consists of a motor and

It consists of a fan, outer cover,

blades, which run of electricity.

inlet, out-let.

Since the RHOM electronics Philippines use an existing centrifugal blower;

Table 2.2: Blowers Company Specification:

Blower Technical Data (Old)
Centrifugal Blowers Type

ROHM Blowers-Radial

17

Suction Pressure

101.325kPa

Discharge Pressure

104.0819kPa

Total Inlet Flow

2.24167m3/s

Inlet Temperature

26.67oC

No. of units

Rotating speed

2700 RPM

Total Static Pressure

280.831mmWG

Total Motor Power

15Hp

Figure 1.7: Production layout of ROHM

18

Figure 1.7a: Air flow system layout

Since the company build their own centrifugal blower. We decided to look for blower with almost the same
capacity, working pressure and with a low power consumption. Also we decide not to change the duct area
The blower that we choose is a product from V-FLO.

19

Table 2.3: performance table:

20

Table 2.4: Performance curve:

21

Figure 2.1: Dimensions of blower

DUCT DIMENSION: Metric Unit

Carry air conditioned air to all rooms. They are made of sheet metal usually. Two shapes of ducts
commonly used for carrying air are round and square duct. The round duct is more efficient based on
volume of air handled. That is, less duct material is needed to make a large enough duct to carry the
necessary air. Round ducts create the least resistance to air flow. Ducts should be insulated everywhere to

22

prevent air from escaping through seams, cracks and holes. Use caulking, soldering or cover with asbestos
Insulating tape. Paper fibber ducts should not be used when ducts are embedded in concrete.

ROHM Electronics Philippines use a square duct. So we will still use a square duct
Commonly used rectangular duct sizes in air handling ventilation systems:

Table 2.5: Common Rectangular duct size used in air handling ventilation systems:

Source: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/

23

Advantages of blowers

Blowers are very efficient

Blowers also provide clean air
There is no need for high pressure piping, drop lines, or concerns about pressure drops.
Other uses of regenerative blowers include aeration, drying, mixing, vacuum, material transfer and
ventilation.

24

CHAPTER 3
CALCULATIONS ON BACKWARD CENTRIGUGAL BLOWER:

ALTERNATIVES ONE: For 12HP:

For Work of Blower: Using Isentropic Compression

(eqn. 1)

k
WB = [ k1 ] [(P1)(V1)] [(

P2
P1

k
k1

- 1)]

Where:
WB = Blower Work
P1 = Inlet Pressure
P2 = Outlet Pressure
V1 = Volume Flow Rate
K = 1.4
1m
3.28
V1 = Q = 4749.6494 cfm (
1 min
3 (
)
60 sec
m3
V1 = 2.24167 sec

P1 = 101.325

(eqn. 2)

Hw =

Hw =

KN
m2

3.335 kPa
KN
9.8066 3
m
25

Hw = .340078m of H2O

Since value of Hw is 340.078mmH2O or .340078 m H2O:

(eqn. 3)

(a)(HS) = (w)(Hw) ; = ()(g)

( a)(Hw )
Hs =
( )( g)

9.8066

kg
kg
( .340078 m )(1000
)
2
sec
KN sec 2
kg
kg
(1.2 3 )(9.8066
)
m
sec 2

Hs = 283.398m of air

Solving for P2:

from: HS =

P 2P 1
a

(eqn. 4)

H s x a = P2 P1

(eqn. 5)

P2 = (Hs x a +P1 ) / K
P2 = (283.398m)(.011769kN/m3)+101.325kPa
P2 = 104.66

KN
m2

or kPa

26

KN
m2
3
KN
1.4
m
KN
WB = [ 0.4 ][( 101.325 m2 )( 2.24167 sec )][( 101.325 2
m
104.66

1)]

0.4

1.4
WB = 7.389706kW
WB = 7.389706kW x

1 HP
0.746 kW

WB = 9.9096Hp

Solving for Volume:

(eqn.6)

V 2 = V1 (

P1
P2
1

k
KN
m2
KN
104.66 2
m

101.325
m3
V2 = 2.24167 sec

1. 4
m3
V2 = 2.170239 sec

Solving for Outlet Temperature:

Following:

(eqn.6)

PV k =C

T2
T1 = (

V1
V2
k1

27

For T2:
V1
T 2 = T1 ( V 2
k1

(eqn.7)

m
sec
3
T2 = (299.667 K)( 2.170239 m
sec
1 .4 1

2.24167

T2 = 303.574 K

Solving for Mass:

From: PV = mRT
kJ
Where R = 0.28708 kgK (Air Standard)

(eqn.8)

m1 =

P1V 1
RT 1

KN
m3
(2.24167
)
sec
m2
m1 =
kNm
(0.28708
)(299.667 K )
kgK

101.325

kg
m1 = 2.6 sec
For m2:
(eqn.9)

m2 =

P2V 2
RT 2

28

KN
m3
(2.170239
)
sec
m2
m2 =
kNm
(0.28708
)(303.574 K)
kgK

104.66

kg
m2 = 2.6 sec
Thus: m1 = m2
For Total Efficiency of Blower:
(From PPT&D by Potter)

(eqn.9)

Efficiency =

Work of blower
Break Power

Where:
WB: Work of blowers
BP: Break Power

Efficiency=

9. 9096 Hp
12 Hp

Efficiency = 82.58%

29

ALTERNATIVES TWO: Computation For 14HP:

For Work of Blower: Using Isentropic Compression

(eqn. 1)

k
WB = [ k1 ] [(P1)(V1)] [(

P2
P1

k
k1

- 1)]

Where:
WB = Blower Work
P1 = Inlet Pressure
P2 = Outlet Pressure
V1 = Volume Flow Rate
K = 1.4
V1 = Q = 9120 m3/hr

1 hr
)
3600 sec

m3
V1 = 2.5333 sec

P1 = 101.325

(eqn. 2)

Hw =

KN
m2

30

Hw =

2.8 kPa
KN
9.8066 3
m

Hw = 0.285522m of H2O

Since value of Hw is 340.078mmH2O or .340078 m H2O:

(eqn. 3)

(a)(HS) = (w)(Hw) ; = ()(g)

Hs =

( a)(Hw )
( )(g)

kg
)
(9.8066 seckg ) ( 0.285522 m) (1000 KNsec
2

(1.2

kg
kg
)(9.8066
)
3
2
m
sec

Hs = 237.935m of air

Solving for P2:

from: HS =
(eqn. 4)

P 2P 1
a

H s x a = P2 P1

31

P2 = (Hs x a +P1 ) / K

(eqn. 5)

P2 = (237.935m)(.011769kN/m3)+101.325kPa
P2 = 104.125

KN
m2

or kPa

KN
m2
3
KN
1.4
m
KN
WB = [ 0.4 ][( 101.325 m2 )( 2.24167 sec )][( 101.325 2
m
104.66

1)]

0.4

1.4
WB = 7.02440KW
WB = 7.02440KW x

1 HP
0.746 kW

WB = 9.41609Hp

Solving for Volume:

(eqn.6)

V 2 = V1 (

P1
P2
1

k
KN
m2
KN
( 104.125 2
m
101.325

m3
V2 = 2.53333 sec

1
1. 4

m3
V2 = 2.48448 s ec

Solving for Outlet Temperature:

32

Following:

PV =C

T2
T1 = (

(eqn.6)

V1
V2
k1

For T2:
V1
T 2 = T1 ( V 2
k1

(eqn.7)

m3
sec
3
T2 = (299.667 K)( 2. 48448 m
sec
1 . 41

2.53333

T2 = 302.010 K

Solving for Mass:

From: PV = mRT
kJ
Where R = 0.28708 kgK (Air Standard)

(eqn.8)

m1 =

P1V 1
RT 1

KN
m3
(2.53333
)
sec
m2
m1 =
kNm
(0.28708
)(299.667 K )
kgK

101.325

kg
m1 = 2.98 sec
33

For m2:
(eqn.9)

P2V 2
RT 2

m2 =

m2 =

KN
m3
(2.
48448
)
sec
m2
kNm
(0.28708
)( 302.010 K )
kgK

104.66

kg
m2 = 2.98 sec
Thus: m1 = m2
For Total Efficiency of Blower:
(From PPT&D by Potter)

(eqn.9)

Efficiency =

Work of blower
Break Power

Where:
WB: Work of blowers
BP: Break Power

Efficiency=

9. 41609 Hp
14 Hp

Efficiency = 67.26%

34

To calculate the average air velocity:

(eqn.10)
Where:
Cv = Pitot tube constant, 0.85
P = Average differential pressure measured by pitot tube by taking measurement at
Number of Points over the entire cross section of the duct.
= Density for air or gas at test condition

KN
KN
( 9.8066
)
m2
m3
KN
9.8066
m3

0.85 2 ( 9.8066 ) 3.335

Velocity v, m/s=

Velocity = 63.3711 m/s

35

To calculate the Duct:

AD = l x w

(eqn.11)
Where:
AD = duct area
L = length (m)
W = width (m)

AD = 0.23m x 0.23m
AD = 0.0529 m2 (

3.2808 ft

1m

AD = 0.569119 ft2

Table: 3.1 Computed Results For 12HP:

Static Head
Outlet Pressure

283.398m
104.66kPa

Blower Work

9.9096Hp

Inlet Volume Flow rate

m3
2.24167 sec

Outlet Volume Flow rate

m
2.170239 sec

Inlet Temperature
Outlet Temperature

299.667K
303.574K

Mass 1

kg
2.6 sec

Mass 2

kg
2.6 sec

VELOCITY
DUCT AREA
DUCT DIAMETER

63.3711 m/s
0.380564 ft2
0.212225m
36

Break Power
Total Efficiency

12Hp
82.58%

Table: 3.2 Computed Results For 14HP:

Static Head
Outlet Pressure

237.935m
104.125kPa

Blower Work

9.41609Hp

Inlet Volume Flow rate

m3
2.5333 sec

Outlet Volume Flow rate

m3
2.48448 sec

Inlet Temperature
Outlet Temperature

299.667K
302.010 K

Mass 1

kg
2.6 sec

Mass 2

kg
2.6 sec

VELOCITY
DUCT AREA
DUCT DIAMETER
Break Power
Total Efficiency

63.3711 m/s
0.380564 ft2
0.212225m
14Hp
67.26%
37

Figure 3.1: parts of centrigual blower

Figure 3.2: front and side view of centrifugal blower

38

Based on Meralco as of 2016, the generation rate in Metro Manila is P16.73/kwh, using this as the basis,
we can solve for the annual operational and maintenance for 15HP.

= (15 Hp x

1 kw
1.341 Hp

= 187.2087

php
x 16.73 kWhr

php
hr x

= 1,639, 950.84

8760hr
1 year

php
year

Based on Meralco as of 2016, the generation rate in Metro Manila is P16.73/kwh, using this the basis, we
can solve for the annual operational and maintenance for 14.
.
= (14 Hp x

1 kw
1.341 Hp

= 174.728

php
x 16.73 kWhr

php
hr x

= 1,530, 618.33

8760hr
1 year

php
year

39

Based on Meralco as of 2016, the generation rate in Metro Manila is P16.73/kwh, using this as the basis,
we can solve for the annual operational and maintenance for 12HP.
.
= (12 Hp x

1 kw
1.341 Hp

= 149.767

php
kWhr
x 16.73

php
hr x

= 1,311, 958.92

8760hr
1 year

php
year

INSTALLED BLOWERS
Operation and Maintenance:

(eqn.12)

O & M = (ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION x

AVERAGE REVENUE
)
KwHr

For 15HP:
Annual Energy Consumption = 15 hp x

0.746 kw
hp

12 hr
x day

365 days
year

40

A.E.C. = 49,012.2

kWhr
year

Based on Meralco Electric Generation as of 2016, the generation is P 16.73 per Kw-hr.

Energy Cost = (

49, 012.2 Kwh r 16.73 p h p

x
year
Kwh r )

Energy Cost = P 819,974.106 per annum

Cost in Investment = Capital Cost + Energy Cost

C.I. = P 95,352.3 + P 819,974.106

C.I. = P 915 326.406 per annum

For 14HP:

Capital Cost for the recommended Blower:

Capital Cost based on V-FLO
Capital Cost = $1,999.00 = 95,352.3php

Annual Energy Consumption = 14 hp x

0.746 kw
hp

12 hr
x day

365 days
year

41

A.E.C. = 45, 744.72

kWhr
year

Based on Meralco Electric Generation as of 2016, the generation is P 16.73 per Kw-hr.

Energy Cost = (

45,744.72 Kwh r 16.73 p h p

x
year
Kw h r )

Energy Cost = P 765, 309.166 per annum

Cost in Investment = Capital Cost + Energy Cost

C.I. = P 95,352.3 + P 765, 309.166

C.I. = P 860,661.3 per annum

For 12HP:

Capital Cost for the recommended Blower:

Capital Cost based on V-FLO
Capital Cost = $1,999.00 = 95,352.3php

Operation and Maintenance:

O & M = (ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION X

AVERAGE REVENUE
)
KwHr

42

Annual Energy Consumption = 12 hp x

0.746 kw
hp

A.E.C. = 39,209.76

12 hr
x day

365 days
year
x

kWhr
year

Based on Meralco Electric Generation as of 2016, the generation is P 16.73 per Kw-hr.
Energy Cost = (

39,209.76 Kwhr 16.73 php

x
year
Kwhr )

Energy Cost = P 655,979.285 per annum

Cost in Investment = Capital Cost + Energy Cost

C.I. = P 95,352.3 + P 655,979.285

C.I. = P 751,331.585 per annum

Table 3.2: comparison of installed blower and recommended blower

SPECIFICATION
SPEED
POWER
STATIC
PRESSURE
AIR CAPACITY
ANNUAL ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
ANNUAL ENERGY
COST
Efficiency

INSTALLED
BLOWER
2700 RPM
15HP
11.02WG
8070 m3/hr
kWhr
49,012.2
year
P 819,974.106/
annum
59.68%

NEW BLOWER 1

NEW BLOWER 2

2700 RPM
14 HP
12.23WG

2700 RPM
12HP
13.39WG

8070 m3/hr
kWhr
45, 744.72
year
P 765, 309.166/
annum
67.26%

8070 m3/hr
kWhr
39,209.76
year
P 655,979.285/
annum
82.58%

43

As the power consumption decrease, the rate of annual energy cost decreases. And as the pressure
Increase, the pressure would result to a lesser time of operation of the blower.
ANNUAL SAVINGS FOR THE OPERATION

The annual saving for the operation upon using the blower would be enough for RHOM Electronics

Philppines to the capital cost for buying and installing the new centrifugal blower.
The target grand total for this year is 1.16 B (php) and one percent of the annual income will be for the
Maintenance LSI Test Development Dept. Mr. Ron David
RHOM Electronics Philppines has enough budgets for the year 2016 for the replacement of the blower.

44

CHAPTER 4
CONSTRAINTS , STANDARDS and TRADE-OFFS

4.1 Design Constraints

There is no problem about the existing blower of the company. The company comply the required
Standard, stated on the companys equipment manual. However we choose to replace the current
Blower of the company to lessen the energy consumption. The existing blower and the new set of
Blower that we intend to replace has the same capacity, they have the same rate of burning fuel and
Same in temperature.
From the engineering toolbox, the available nominal diameters for square duct are 20 cm and 25 cm.
Though the computed value is 22cm. To comply with the standards Without affecting the performance,
The nominal diameter with 25cm will be used.

Table 4.1: nominal diameter of square duct

NOMINAL DIAMETER
(cm)

OUTSIDE DIAMETER
(cm)

INSIDE DIAMETER
(cm)

20 - 25

20 - 20.07

19.86 - 19.93

25 - 28

250- 25.08

24.85 - 24.93

Source: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/

45

SAFETY CONSTRAINTS

FROM OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS BY DOLE:

1041: General Requirements:
In every place of employment, a health and safety committee shall be organized within sixty (60)
Days after this Standards takes effect and for new establishments within one (1) month from the
Date the business starts operating. In both cases the Committee shall reorganize every January of
The following year.
1042.03: Type C:
In every workplace with one hundred (100) to two hundred (200) workers, the following shall
Compose the Health and Safety Committee:
Chairman Manager or his authorized representative
Members:
- One foreman Three workers (must be union members, if organized)
- The nurse Secretary
- The part-time safetyman

46

1043.01: Health and Safety Committee:

The Health and Safety Committee is the planning and policymaking group in all matters pertaining
to safety and health. The principal duties of the Health and Safety Committee are:

Plans and develops accident prevention programs for the establishment.

Directs the accident prevention efforts of the establishment in accordance with the safety
programs safety performance and government regulations in order to prevent accidents

from occurring in the workplace.

Conducts safety meetings at least once a month.
Reviews reports of inspection, accident investigations and implementation of program.
Submits reports to the manager on its meetings and activities
Provides necessary assistance to government inspecting authorities in the proper conduct

of their activities such as the enforcement of the provisions of this Standards.

Initiates and supervises safety training for employees.
Develops and maintains a disaster contingency plan and organizes such emergency
service units

as may be necessary to handle disaster situations pursuant to the

emergency preparedness manual for establishments of the Office of Civil Defense.

47

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS
FROM DENR:
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003
(AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM,
CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES,
DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.)

Section 57. Business and Industry Role. The Commission shall encourage commercial and industrial
Establishments, through appropriate incentives other than tax incentives, to initiate, participate and
Invest in integrated ecological solid waste management projects, to manufacture environment-friendly
Products, to introduce, develop and adopt innovative processes that shall recycle and re-use materials,
Conserve raw materials and energy, reduce waste, and prevent pollution, and to undertake community
Activities to promote and propagate effective solid waste management practices.

48

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIRPOLLUTION CONTROL

POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

SEC. 2.Declaration of Principle. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
Balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while
Recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems.
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily areabased.
The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay".
Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should
Therefore be the concern of all.

49

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS (IRR) OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514 OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES OF 2008
Pursuant to the provision of Section 14 in relation to Section 5 of Republic Act No. 9514, entitled AN ACT
ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPEALING PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1185, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, the following Rules and Regulations are hereby
Adopted in order to carry out the provisions of this Code.

SECTION 10.2.8.17 PROJECTION ROOMS FOR SAFETY FILM

Projection booth room ventilation shall be not less than the following:
1. Supply Air Each projection room shall be provided with two or more separate fresh air inlet ducts with
Screened openings terminating within thirty centimeters (30 cm) of the floor, and located at opposite ends
of The room. Such air inlets shall be of sufficient size to permit an air change every three minutes. Fresh air
may be supplied from the general building air conditioning system, providing it is so arranged that the
Projection booth will continue to receive one change of air every three (3) minutes, when no other air is
Supplied by the general air conditioning system.

50

2. Exhaust Air Each projection room shall be provided with one or more exhaust air outlets which may be
Manifold into a single duct outside the booth. Such outlets shall be so located as to ensure circulation
Throughout the room. Projection room exhaust air system shall be independent of any other air systems in
The buildings. Exhaust air ducts shall terminate at the exterior of the building in such a location that the
Exhaust system shall be mechanically operated and of such a capacity as to provide a minimum of one
Change of air every three minutes. The blower motor shall be outside the duct system. The projection room
Ventilation system may also appurtenant rooms, such as the generator room and the rewind room.

SECTION 10.3.4.2.1 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

Specific Requirements for Portable Storage In the storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible
Liquids in safety cans, drums or other approved containers not exceeding two hundred twenty seven liters
(227) in individual capacity, and those portable tanks not exceeding two thousand four hundred ninety
Eight liters (2,498) in individual capacity, on different types of occupancies, the following requirements
Shall be complied:
Inside storage and handling rooms shall be constructed to meet the required fire-resistive rating. An

51

Approved, supervised sprinkler system shall be installed:

iii. Ventilation shall be designed to provide for a complete change of air within the room at least six (6) times
Per hour. Ventilation shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA Pamphlet No. 91, "Blower
And Exhaust System." It shall be controlled by a switch located outside the door. The ventilation equipment
And any lighting fixtures shall be operated by the same switch. A pilot light shall be installed adjacent to the
Switch if Class I flammable liquids are dispensed or used within the room.

SECTION 10.4.16.3 PROTECTION AND MAINTENANCE

Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
Foreign material, parts, and residue shall be removed from the recirculation blowers, exhaust blowers, heat
Exchangers, burner and pilot ports, combustion blowers, ductwork and equipment interiors. Ductwork shall
be checked for obstructions.

52

DESIGN TRADE-OFF
The criteria that we took in selecting the design are as follows:

Efficiency - The blower efficiency is the ratio between power transferred to airflow and the

power used by the blower. It defines the performance of the equipment.

Sustainability the ability to be sustained including the availability of spare parts, and

other tools to prolong its life.

Annual Energy Cost the energy cost of the equipment for the operation in yearly basis.
Static Pressure Static pressure is the force of the air coming out of the blowers, as
opposed to the volume. Pressure is important because it's what allows a fan to overcome
resistance.

Efficiency
Sustainability
Annual Energy Cost
Static Pressure
Total

New Blower 1
1
1
1
1
4

New Blower 2
2
2
2
2
8

*NOTE: (1) acceptable

(2) highly acceptable
The study shows that new blower 2 has a higher score in all criteria. Thus, we recommend the new
blower 2 for the company which will give them more efficiency with less energy consumption.

53

CHAPTER 5
GENERALIZATION

Static charges are found in many phases of semiconductor manufacturing: wafer production,
fabrication, packaging, and testing. Controlling static charges is vital because ESD has a significant impact
on the device yields. Defects caused by electrostatically-attracted foreign matter and ESD events can
contribute to manufacturing yield losses. Lock-up of process equipment can result in wafer damage and
lost production.
Blowers are very efficient. Operating cost of a blower is a fraction of the cost of using compressed
air for a given volume of air. Blowers also provide clean air there is no danger of oil droplets or residue in
the blower air stream since blowers do not use oil as a lubricant. The exhaust is also free of condensate
because air pressures are less than compressed air and this is the reason thus not as prone to cooling due
to air expansion. Normally found on compressed air systems, this eliminates the need for standard oil and
water filters.
Blowers installed in ROHM PHILIPPINES are important roles in every operation of the company,
especially in production. ROHM Philippines uses a centrifugal kind of blowers but we replace it into Medium
pressure centrifugal blower. These centrifugal blowers have a RPM variation from 700 to 3000 and
constructed with mild stainless steel. These industrial blowers are applied in extraction activities which
require moderate pressure.

54

Based on the Pairwise Comparison and evaluation, the result would lead to the selection of mid
pressure Centrifugal Blower as the primary equipment that would be used as are placement for the
currently installed centrifugal blower. This evaluation includes Speed, Capacity, Pressure and Power. The
Mid Pressure Centrifugal Blower leads all parameters between the Alternative designs. Upon using the
blower, the company would save approximately 163994.821Pesos annually for the electrical consumption
alone.

55

Figure 5.1 brochure of Centrifugal Blowers from V-Flo

56

Figure 5.2 parts view of Centrifugal Blowers from V-Flo

Brief Introduction of ZGF Serial Blower

The ZGF centrifugal blower is a single aspiration middle blower that was developed by our
technicians on the base of absorbed advanced technology of American, England, Germany, France, Italy
and Japan, also imported product technique and manufacture technological from Germany.
We think over the performance of ZGF series blower sufficiency, so the blower which you selected
runs in the best tone. High efficiency, saving resources, tight structure is the virtue of this series blower.
Model ZGF serial centrifugal blower driven by A,C, and D forms. It has 15 sizes for normalization
from 400#-2000#. The outlet flange position of blowers are fixed five kinds (0, 45, 90 , 136 , 180 ).
Since the performance well, structure tight and maintenance conveniently, ZGF centrifugal blower is suited
57

to dusty equipment, nuclear power plant, metallurgy, petroleum chemical, automobile painting and cement
factory ect. When the blower driven by C or D from which installed cooling disk is suited in toast oven and
drying oven while the temperature less the 200 . The blower also can be made with heat
preservation casing according to request.
Character of ZGF serial blower
Impeller - The blades of blower are backward curved shape with twist, welding with steal. It has the
superiority of higher efficiency necessitated pressure, lower sound level ect. If iSmpeller are run on higher
speed zone to consort with reinforcement being necessary.
The dynamic equilibrium of all impels are checked. The precision 5.6 level.
Casing - The casings are made from galvanized sheet and to connect with locking seam technology or will
be made from steel plate with welding construction, the surface are treated with spray painting or baling
varnish.
The rivet nut of motor and bearing housing after designed again, the characters with be beautiful to
look at contour dismantle convenience, not only have light weight but also have the firm structure split
structure.
For number 1400# to 2000# which on specific need the casing are able to make in the horizontal.
Inlet - The inlet is shaped to nozzle figure and make through with press machine for joining conveniently.
Shaft - Shaft is proceeding from quality carbonate-steel, which has full safety-and enough fatigue strength
in design.

58

Bearing and Housing- For all this type blowers, the bearings take the double row adjustable ball that
surface wearing compassion. The bearings are closely according to request be equipped with domestic or
imported goods.
Base plate - Base plate is welding with steel design with separate shaking through use the spring shock
absorbers. The contour is very well-knit.

59

60

Abbreviations:
IC Integrated Circuit
SiC Silicon Carbide
LDO Regulator Low Dropout Regulator
MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
PFC Power Factor Correction
MEMS Microelectromechanical Systems
LSI Large Scale Integration
LAN Local Area Network
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
LED Light Emitting Diode
RPM revolutions per minute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

61

References
1. http://blogs.siliconindia.com/americraftmfg/Advantages-of-Blowers-bid-Uk74Yo0X92459604.html
2. Energy efficiency guide for industry in Asia - www. energyefficiencyasia.org
3. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com
4. Power Plant Theory And Design By Philip J. Potter
5. V-FLO GROUP OF COMPANIES LIMITED www.v-flo.com
6. ROHM Electronics Philippines - http://www.rohm.com/web/global/
7. Yahya S M. 1998. Turbines Compressors and Fans. Tata Mc-Graw Hill Edition.
8. Anderson J.D. 2012. Computational fluid dynamics. Tata Mc-Graw Hill Edition.

62