The 9th International Conference on Marine Technology

Analysis of Tension and Mooring Placement on Sea Wave

Power Plant With Pendulum System
Irfan Syarif Arief (1),Harus Laksana Guntur (2), Tony Bambang (3), andEde Mehta Wardhana(4)
Lecturer at Marine Engineering ITS,(2) Lecturer at Mechanical Engineering ITS (4)Student of
Marine Engineering ITS, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
Address : Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111
E-mail: irfansya@its.ac.id

(1),(3)

AbstractSea Wave Power Plant (PLTGL) is a new

alternative to address the growing demand for electricity. To
be able to work well, PLTGL should be able to experience the
movement of heave and pitch as big as possible but still
remain stable so that power generated can be optimized. This
study aims to analyze the movement of the pontoon when
given the tools mooring and we also need to calculate the
tension that occurs in the mooring line. This experiment will
vary the position of the mooring pontoon models (1.7 m and
1.2 m), draft model variation (1.75, 1.5, 1.2, 1, 0.7 m), as well
as variations in wave period (1.2, 1, 0.8, 0.6 s) to obtain the
results as motion pontoon..

In the table below is shown the comparison between the wave

energy, wind energy and sun energy.
Table 1comparison between the wave energy, wind
energy and sun energy(3).
Type

Keywords: Pontoon, Mooring, Heaving, Pitching, Mooring

Line
I. INTRODUCTION

Energy
Applicat
ion

Wave
Energy

High

Wind
Energy

Low

Sun
Energy

Low

Prediction
Could be
predicted on many
places
Unpredictable
except in limited
areas
Unpredictable
unless on a few
places

Availability

Potential Area

80 90%

Unlimited

20 30%

Very Limited

20 30%

On Several
Area

Sea Wave Power Plant With Pendulum System (PLTGL

SB_ is one of the power plant that utilize the wave of an
ocean as its core. These product is based on the research of
Mr. Zamritaf as the officer of research and development at
Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) company since 2002.
Zemriyaf discovery has been perfected with his cooperation
with Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya,
one of its perffection is the size of the pontoon, weight of the
pendulum and the length of pendulum and also related with
resulted power and rpm.
The way this wave power plant with pendulum system is
quite interesting. Pontoon that used as a vessel is carry a
pendulum that integrates with a dynamo. To make the rotation
of the dynamo at its maximum, the pendulum is helped by
using a transmission double freewheel tools and it integrates in
a system with the help of a chain. Every wave movement will
moves the pendulum and it will moves the double-freewheel
to rotates the dynamo who will be produced an electricy (4).
Energy that produced from these tools is very dependant
on pontoon motion. The movement that occured on pontoon is
rotational movement and translation movement, it happens as
a result from clash between wave surface or up and down
pressure below wave surface (5). From that info, we could
know that the model of the pontoon, type of pontoon, variation
of hull pontoon angle, type and the size of wave on pontoon
location and the pontoon configuration is one of the things that
influence pontoon movement itself.

Rises of energy needs causing fossil resource as main

energy in the world drastically reduce. Resources such as oil,
natural gas and coal is predicted to run out in about 30 years in
the future, beside it, those resources are not environmentally
friendly because it increase the pollution and emission in the
world. Another resource like a nuclear is also ineffecctive
because it needs a large sum of money and its safety are low
too. Power plant that using water that cheaper is quite
promising, but it cant installed in many places because its
limited on water reserve and season in that area. Because of
those reasons, we start to increase the effort to seek another
alternative and renewable energy such as the sun, wind, ocean,
electromagnetic, electrostatic, heat, and human work.(1).
Indonesia is one of the country who have more ocean than
the land, 2/3 areas of Indonesia is an ocean. One of the
potential that people still unaware of is the potential of ocean
energy that could generate electricity that could divided into
three kinds of energy : tidal power, wave energy, and ocean
thermal energy (2). If we compare the ocean with another
green technology like sun energy or wind energy, the ocean
energy still superior because its availability is huge (90%)
with unlimited potential areas. Wave ocean energy is the
energy from the movement of wave that goes into land and the
land who goes into the sea (double movement wave)

The 9th International Conference on Marine Technology

In order to know and understanding the best movement of
pontoong with the moorings, these research are conducted on
laboratory with wave simulation .
Probelms that will be analyzed on these research are:
1. How the wave period variations could influence on
pontoon body about its pitch angle and how big is the
heave movement appear on pontoon.
2. How Mooring Placement could influence the movement
of pitching and heaving on pontoon and also how much
the tension that occured on mooring line.
The purpose of these research is to answer the problem.

E. Data Analysis
From those experiment, it will result a value according
from input parameter. These result will be analyzed whether
those running result could result on pontoon movement and
what kind of movement those pontoon will be and also how
those movement will influence the efectivity from those
octagonal pontoon.

III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

These are the data from pontoon model that will be used
in these experiment :

II. RESEARCH DESCRIPTION

Pontoon is on moored condition with 45 angle

degree with 4 mooring line is formed like an X
letter
Used cotton line with 2 milimeter diameter that
used as mooring line

These are the diagram flow of the the experiment that

conducted in order to solve the problem above :
A. Study Literature
We used many literature and many theories that related in
this experimentin order to help these research. Those literature
and theories are like theory of the wave ocean such as period,
amplitude, and another things, we also search a literature that
could gives us the theory of mooring line calculation.
B. Making of Pontoon Model with Moorings
Pontoon model that used in these research are Pontoon that
formed an octagonal with height is 2.5 meter, diameter of
inner circle is 2.75 meter and the angle of hull pitch is 45 and
those pontoon will be moored. These model is made using an
acrylic material. These model is built with 1 : 10 scale.

Figure 2. Mooring Position Geometry on

Pontoon

Figure 1. Pontoon Model

C. Mooring Placement on Pontoon
Mooring Position will be put on full draft pontoon on 175
milimeter position from keel pontoon. Later on the experiment,
the draft on pontoon will be tested on several value that
variative start from draft 70 milimeter from keel pontoon, 100
milimeter from keel pontoon. 125 milimeter from keel pontoon,
150 milimeter from keel pontoon, and the final value is 175
milimeter from keel pontoon..
D. Testing Model on Laboratory
In order to get the motion result of pontoon motion and
also the tension valye on mooring, we need to conduct an
experiment on laboratory. In these laboratory those model will
be given variable period (0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2 second)

The 9th International Conference on Marine Technology

And these are the environment data and experiment data
that will be conducted on these research:

After that the pontoon model are connected with the tranducer
in order record the motion that occured on the experiment.

Table 2 Environment data

Figure 5. Pontoon Model connected to a tranducer

A. Experiment Stage
Before experiment are conducted, we need to do several
preparation in order for these research to go smoothly.
The first preparation is giving a mark on pontoon model
draft in order to understand the draft position and
increasing the time to do full experiment.

Beside the tranducer, we also install the Trim Meter to

calcualte the angle that happened on the experiment. Before
these tools could work, we need to calibrate these first and
when the expertiment are conducted, the water on the pool
must not have a wave no matter how small it is (Trim Meter
value is = 0.00) in order to obtain high validity on collecting
data.

Figure3. Draft Pontoon Model is given a mark

Figure.6. Trim Meter

After those mark is done then we move to the next step.

The next step is placement of a mooring to the pool as the
place of mooring line.

After all those settings are done, then the experiemnt could be
started and it will be conducted with these variations:

Figure 4. Mooring Installation Process

The 9th International Conference on Marine Technology

From those graphic, we get the heave value maximum is:

Posisi Sarat Air Periode

Mooring
(m)
(s)
0.17
0.175
1,2
1,7
1
0,8
0,6
0.15
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0.12
0.12
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0.1
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,07
1,2
1
0,8
0,6

Heaving Pontoon
Octagonal
0,0245 meter (draft 0.12)
0,0258 meter (draft 0.1)
0,0525 meter (draft 0.1)
0,019 meter (draftt 0.15)

Wave Period.
1.2second
1.0 second
0.8second
0.6 second

Comparison Pitch Motion Pontoon

The graphic below are shows us the heave motion on
pontoon on draft 0,175 meter and draft 0.15 meter with
mooring are installed on 0.17 meter. Another one is draft on
0.12 meter, 0.10 meter, and also 0.07 meter with mooring are
installed on 0.12 meter with period variations are 1.2 0.6
second.

Pitch Movement
20

Pitch (o)

Percobaan
ke
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

15

Sarat 175 mm

10

Sarat 150 mm

Sarat 120 mm

Sarat 100 mm

-5 0.5

B. Result and Simulation Test Analysis

Comparison of Heave Motion Pontoon
The graphic below are shows us the heave motion on
pontoon on draft 0,175 meter and draft 0.15 meter with
mooring are installed on 0.17 meter. Another one is draft on
0.12 meter, 0.10 meter, and also 0.07 meter with mooring are
installed on 0.12 meter with period variations are 1.2 0.6
second.

0.7

0.9
1.1
Period (s)

1.3

Pitch 70 mm

From Those Graphics we could get the value of pitch

maximum are :
Table 4. Pitch Movement Value

Periode gel.
1.2second
1.0 second
0.8second

Table3. Heave Movement Value.

Heave Movement

0.6 second

Pitching Pontoon
Octagonal
6 o(Draft 0.07)
7 o (Draft 0.1)
17 o (Draft 0.1)

(Draft 0.1)

Heave (m)

0.0600
Sarat 175 mm

0.0400

Comparison of Mooring Line Tension Value

The graphic below are shows us the heave motion on
pontoon on draft 0,175 meter and draft 0.15 meter with
mooring are installed on 0.17 meter. Another one is draft on
0.12 meter, 0.10 meter, and also 0.07 meter with mooring are
installed on 0.12 meter with period variations are 1.2 0.6
second.

Sarat 150 mm

0.0200

Sarat 120 mm

0.0000
0.3

0.8
Period (s)

1.3

Sarat 100 mm
Sarat 70 mm

The 9th International Conference on Marine Technology

NOTES
The author of these experiment are gratitude for the help
and assitance from Mr. Irfan Syarif Arief ,ST.MTandMr.Ir.
Tony BambangMusriyadi, PGD,as lecturer in these research.
Thank you for other people who helped these research could
be conducted and completed.
GLOSSARY
[1]

From Those Graphics we could get the value of tension

maximum are:

[2]
[3]

Table 5. Tension of Mooring line value

Periode gel.
1.2second
1.0 second
0.8second
0.6 second

[4]

Tension of Mooring Line Pontoon

Octagonal
24 N (Draft 0.07)
20 N (Draft 0.175)
42 N (Draft 0.1)
28 N (Draft 0.15)

[5]

[6]

From those tables, we could see that the pitching and

heaving movements of pontoon is at its best when the wave
period is at 0.8 second with pitching movement value and
Heaving movement value is at its biggest. Another thing is the
best draft that used in the experiment is at draft 0.1 meter from
keel pontoon.

[7]

[8]

IV. SUMMARY
After the analysis and experiment conducted, we get the
result of :
1. On period of 0.8 s with draft 0.1 meter, the motion of the
pontoon is at its best with pitch angle result is 17 and
heave result is 0.0525 meter.
2. On Mooring Position in 0.12 meter and draft 0.10 meter,
the motion of the pontoon is at its best. The tension at
moorings also at its highest in the position of 0.12 meter
and draft 0.8 second with the tension result is 42 N.
These things shows us that the tension and tension result
is very dependant on Heave and Pitch that occured.
V. SUGGESTION
From these research, the author are suggest that:
1. The result of these research could be used as a starting
point in order to make pendulum system better than
before. By using pitch and heave value then we could
design a proportional pendulum so pontoon could
operate at its best.
2. The result of these research could be used as a starting
point in order to make pendulum system better than
before. By using pitch and heave value we get the input
data in order to calculate the amount of electricity that
could produced using these systems.

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE. 1987. RECOMMENDED

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