Picmicro™ Mid-Range Mcu Family Reference Manual: 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. December 1997 /Ds33023A

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PICmicro
Mid-Range MCU Family
Reference Manual
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
December 1997 /DS33023A
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Internationally Recognized Quality
System Certifications
Microchips Quality System embodies the requirements
of ISO9001:1994. Our Microchip Chandler and Tempe
Design and Manufacturing facilities have been certified
to ISO 9001. The Microchip Kaohsiung Test facility, and
primary Assembly houses have been certified to ISO
9002. ISO certification plans are in-process for an estimated certification grant by year-end 1997. In addition,
Microchip has received numerous customer certifications, including a Delco issued certificate of compliance
to AEC-A100/QS9000.
All rights reserved. Copyright 1997, Microchip Technology

Incorporated, USA. Information contained in this publication
regarding device applications and the like is intended through
suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by
Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or
other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchips products as critical components in
life support systems is not authorized except with express
written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed,
implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.
The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of
Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries.
All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are
the property of their respective companies. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.
December 1997 /DS33023A
Microchip received ISO 9001 Quality System certification for its worldwide headquarters, design, and wafer
fabrication facilities in January, 1997. Our field-programmable PICmicro 8-bit MCUs, Serial EEPROMs,
related specialty memory products and development
systems conform to the stringent quality standards of
the International Standard Organization (ISO).
Trademarks
The Microchip name, logo, PIC, KEELOQ, PICMASTER,
PICSTART, PRO MATE, and SEEVAL are registered
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A.
MPLAB, PICmicro, ICSP and In-Circuit Serial Programming
are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated.
Serialized Quick-Turn Production is a Service Mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
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Table of Contents
PAGE
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
1-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................1-2
Manual Objective ..............................................................................................................................................1-3
Device Structure ...............................................................................................................................................1-4
Development Support .......................................................................................................................................1-6
Device Varieties ...............................................................................................................................................1-7
Style and Symbol Conventions ......................................................................................................................1-12
Related Documents ........................................................................................................................................1-14
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................1-17
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................1-18
SECTION 2. OSCILLATOR
2-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................2-2
Oscillator Configurations ..................................................................................................................................2-2
Crystal Oscillators / Ceramic Resonators .........................................................................................................2-4
External RC Oscillator ....................................................................................................................................2-12
Internal 4 MHz RC Oscillator ..........................................................................................................................2-13
Effects of Sleep Mode on the On-chip Oscillator ............................................................................................2-17
Effects of Device Reset on the On-chip Oscillator .........................................................................................2-17
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................2-18
SECTION 3. RESET
3-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................3-2
Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up Timer (PWRT),
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), Brown-out Reset (BOR), and Parity Error Reset (PER) ..............................3-4
Registers and Status Bit Values .....................................................................................................................3-10
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................3-16
SECTION 4. ARCHITECTURE
4-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................4-2
Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle ..................................................................................................................4-5
Instruction Flow/Pipelining ................................................................................................................................4-6
I/O Descriptions ................................................................................................................................................4-7
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................4-12
DS33023A-page iii
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SECTION 5. CPU AND ALU
5-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................5-2
General Instruction Format ...............................................................................................................................5-4
Central Processing Unit (CPU) .........................................................................................................................5-4
Instruction Clock ...............................................................................................................................................5-4
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) ...........................................................................................................................5-5
STATUS Register .............................................................................................................................................5-6
OPTION_REG Register ...................................................................................................................................5-8
PCON Register .................................................................................................................................................5-9
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................5-10
SECTION 6. MEMORY ORGANIZATION
6-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................6-2
Program Memory Organization ........................................................................................................................6-2
Data Memory Organization ..............................................................................................................................6-8
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................6-14
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................6-16
SECTION 7. DATA EEPROM
7-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7-2
Control Register ...............................................................................................................................................7-3
EEADR .............................................................................................................................................................7-4
EECON1 and EECON2 Registers ....................................................................................................................7-4
Reading the EEPROM Data Memory ...............................................................................................................7-5
Writing to the EEPROM Data Memory .............................................................................................................7-5
Write Verify .......................................................................................................................................................7-6
Protection Against Spurious Writes ..................................................................................................................7-7
Data EEPROM Operation During Code Protected Configuration ....................................................................7-7
Initialization .......................................................................................................................................................7-7
Design Tips ......................................................................................................................................................7-8
Related Application Notes ................................................................................................................................7-9
SECTION 8. INTERRUPTS
8-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................8-2
Control Registers ..............................................................................................................................................8-5
Interrupt Latency ............................................................................................................................................8-10
INT and External Interrupts ............................................................................................................................8-10
Context Saving During Interrupts ...................................................................................................................8-11
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................8-14
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................8-16
DS33023A-page iv
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SECTION 9. I/O PORTS
9-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................9-2
PORTA and the TRISA Register ......................................................................................................................9-4
PORTB and the TRISB Register ......................................................................................................................9-6
PORTC and the TRISC Register ......................................................................................................................9-8
PORTD and the TRISD Register ......................................................................................................................9-9
PORTE and the TRISE Register ....................................................................................................................9-10
PORTF and the TRISF Register ....................................................................................................................9-11
PORTG and the TRISG Register ...................................................................................................................9-12
GPIO and the TRISGP Register .....................................................................................................................9-13
I/O Programming Considerations ...................................................................................................................9-14
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................9-16
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................9-17
SECTION 10. PARALLEL SLAVE PORT
10-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................10-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................10-3
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................10-4
Operation in Sleep Mode ................................................................................................................................10-5
Effect of a Reset .............................................................................................................................................10-5
PSP Waveforms .............................................................................................................................................10-5
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................10-6
DS33023A-page v
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Table of Contents
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SECTION 11. TIMER0
11-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................11-2
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................11-4
TMR0 Interrupt ...............................................................................................................................................11-5
Using Timer0 with an External Clock .............................................................................................................11-6
TMR0 Prescaler .............................................................................................................................................11-7
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................11-10
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................11-11
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................11-12
SECTION 12. TIMER1
12-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................12-2
Timer1 Operation in Timer Mode ...................................................................................................................12-4
Timer1 Operation in Synchronized Counter Mode .........................................................................................12-4
Timer1 Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode ........................................................................................12-5
Timer1 Oscillator ............................................................................................................................................12-7
Sleep Operation .............................................................................................................................................12-9
Resetting Timer1 Using a CCP Trigger Output ..............................................................................................12-9
Resetting of Timer1 Register Pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) ......................................................................................12-9
Timer1 Prescaler ............................................................................................................................................12-9
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................12-10
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................12-12
SECTION 13. TIMER2
13-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................13-2
Timer Clock Source ........................................................................................................................................13-4
Timer (TMR2) and Period (PR2) Registers ....................................................................................................13-4
TMR2 Match Output .......................................................................................................................................13-4
Clearing the Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler ...............................................................................................13-4
Sleep Operation .............................................................................................................................................13-4
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................13-5
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................13-6
SECTION 14. COMPARE/CAPTURE/PWM (CCP)
14-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................14-2
Capture Mode .................................................................................................................................................14-4
Compare Mode ...............................................................................................................................................14-6
PWM Mode .....................................................................................................................................................14-8
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................14-12
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................14-15
DS33023A-page vi
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SECTION 15. SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (SSP)
15-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................15-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................15-3
SPI Mode ........................................................................................................................................................15-6
SSP I2C Operation .......................................................................................................................................15-16
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................15-26
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................15-28
SECTION 16. BASIC SYCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (BSSP)
16-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................16-2
SPI Mode ........................................................................................................................................................16-6
SSP I2C Operation .......................................................................................................................................16-15
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................16-23
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................16-24
SECTION 17. MASTER SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (MSSP)
17-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................17-2
SPI Mode ........................................................................................................................................................17-9
SSP I2C Operation ....................................................................................................................................17-18
Connection Considerations for I2C Bus ........................................................................................................17-56
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................17-57
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................17-58
SECTION 18. USART
18-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................18-2
USART Baud Rate Generator (BRG) .............................................................................................................18-5
USART Asynchronous Mode .........................................................................................................................18-8
USART Synchronous Master Mode .............................................................................................................18-15
USART Synchronous Slave Mode ...............................................................................................................18-19
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................18-21
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................18-22
DS33023A-page vii
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SECTION 19. VOLTAGE REFERENCE
19-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................19-2
Configuring the Voltage Reference ................................................................................................................19-4
Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error .................................................................................................................19-5
Operation During Sleep ..................................................................................................................................19-5
Effects of a Reset ...........................................................................................................................................19-5
Connection Considerations ............................................................................................................................19-6
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................19-7
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................19-8
SECTION 20. COMPARATOR
20-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................20-2
Comparator Configuration ..............................................................................................................................20-4
Comparator Operation ....................................................................................................................................20-6
Comparator Reference ...................................................................................................................................20-6
Comparator Response Time ..........................................................................................................................20-8
Comparator Outputs .......................................................................................................................................20-8
Comparator Interrupts ....................................................................................................................................20-9
Comparator Operation During SLEEP ...........................................................................................................20-9
Effects of a RESET ........................................................................................................................................20-9
Analog Input Connection Considerations .....................................................................................................20-10
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................20-11
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................20-12
SECTION 21. 8-BIT A/D CONVERTER
21-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................21-2
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................21-5
A/D Acquisition Requirements ........................................................................................................................21-6
Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock ..............................................................................................................21-8
Configuring Analog Port Pins .........................................................................................................................21-9
A/D Conversions ..........................................................................................................................................21-10
A/D Operation During Sleep .........................................................................................................................21-12
A/D Accuracy/Error .......................................................................................................................................21-13
Effects of a RESET ......................................................................................................................................21-13
Use of the CCP Trigger ................................................................................................................................21-14
Connection Considerations ..........................................................................................................................21-14
Transfer Function .........................................................................................................................................21-14
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................21-15
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................21-16
DS33023A-page viii
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SECTION 22. BASIC 8-BIT A/D CONVERTER
22-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................22-2
Configuring Analog Port Pins .......................................................................................................................22-10
A/D Conversions ..........................................................................................................................................22-11
A/D Operation During Sleep .........................................................................................................................22-14
Effects of a RESET ......................................................................................................................................22-16
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................22-17
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................22-18
SECTION 23. 10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
23-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................23-2
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................23-5
Configuring Analog Port Pins .........................................................................................................................23-9
A/D Conversions ..........................................................................................................................................23-10
Operation During Sleep ................................................................................................................................23-14
Effects of a Reset .........................................................................................................................................23-14
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................23-17
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................23-18
SECTION 24. SLOPE A/D
24-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................24-2
Conversion Process .......................................................................................................................................24-6
Other Analog Modules ..................................................................................................................................24-12
Calibration Parameters .................................................................................................................................24-13
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................24-14
DS33023A-page ix
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SECTION 25. LCD
25-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................25-2
LCD Timing ....................................................................................................................................................25-6
LCD Interrupts ..............................................................................................................................................25-12
Pixel Control .................................................................................................................................................25-13
Voltage Generation ......................................................................................................................................25-15
Operation During Sleep ................................................................................................................................25-16
Effects of a Reset .........................................................................................................................................25-17
Configuring the LCD Module ........................................................................................................................25-17
Discrimination Ratio .....................................................................................................................................25-18
LCD Voltage Generation ..............................................................................................................................25-20
Contrast ........................................................................................................................................................25-22
LCD Glass ....................................................................................................................................................25-22
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................25-23
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................25-24
SECTION 26. WATCHDOG TIMER AND SLEEP MODE
26-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................26-2
Watchdog Timer (WDT) Operation .................................................................................................................26-4
SLEEP (Power-Down) Mode ..........................................................................................................................26-7
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................26-9
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................26-10
SECTION 27. DEVICE CONFIGURATION BITS
27-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................27-2
Configuration Word Bits .................................................................................................................................27-4
Program Verification/Code Protection ............................................................................................................27-8
ID Locations ...................................................................................................................................................27-9
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................27-10
SECTION 28. IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING
28-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................28-2
Entering In-Circuit Serial Programming Mode ................................................................................................28-3
Application Circuit ...........................................................................................................................................28-4
Programmer ...................................................................................................................................................28-6
Programming Environment .............................................................................................................................28-6
Other Benefits ................................................................................................................................................28-7
Field Programming of PICmicro OTP MCUs ..................................................................................................28-8
Field Programming of FLASH PICmicros .....................................................................................................28-10
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................28-12
DS33023A-page x
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SECTION 29. INSTRUCTION SET
29-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................29-2
Instruction Formats .........................................................................................................................................29-4
Special Function Registers as Source/Destination ........................................................................................29-6
Q Cycle Activity ..............................................................................................................................................29-7
Instruction Descriptions ..................................................................................................................................29-8
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................29-45
SECTION 30. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
30-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................30-2
Absolute Maximums .......................................................................................................................................30-3
Device Selection Table ...................................................................................................................................30-4
Device Voltage Specifications ........................................................................................................................30-5
Device Current Specifications ........................................................................................................................30-6
Input Threshold Levels ...................................................................................................................................30-9
I/O Current Specifications ............................................................................................................................30-10
Output Drive Levels ......................................................................................................................................30-11
I/O Capacitive Loading .................................................................................................................................30-12
Data EEPROM / Flash .................................................................................................................................30-13
LCD ..............................................................................................................................................................30-14
Comparators and Voltage Reference ...........................................................................................................30-15
Timing Parameter Symbology ......................................................................................................................30-16
Example External Clock Timing Waveforms and Requirements ..................................................................30-17
Example Power-up and Reset Timing Waveforms and Requirements ........................................................30-19
Example Timer0 and Timer1 Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...........................................................30-20
Example CCP Timing Waveforms and Requirements .................................................................................30-21
Example Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Timing Waveforms and Requirements .................................................30-22
Example SSP and Master SSP SPI Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................30-23
Example SSP I2C Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ..................................................................30-27
Example Master SSP I2C Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................................30-30
Example USART/SCI Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................................................30-32
Example 8-bit A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...........................................................................30-34
Example 10-bit A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements .........................................................................30-36
Example Slope A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements .........................................................................30-38
Example LCD Timing Waveforms and Requirements ..................................................................................30-40
SECTION 31. DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS
31-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................31-2
Characterization vs. Electrical Specification ...................................................................................................31-2
DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables .............................................................................................31-2
DS33023A-page xi
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SECTION 32. DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
32-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................32-2
The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) ...........................................................................................32-3
MPLAB Software Language Support .............................................................................................................32-6
MPLAB-SIM Simulator Software ....................................................................................................................32-8
MPLAB Emulator Hardware Support ..............................................................................................................32-9
MPLAB Programmer Support .......................................................................................................................32-10
Supplemental Tools ......................................................................................................................................32-11
Development Boards ....................................................................................................................................32-12
Development Tools for Other Microchip Products ........................................................................................32-14
SECTION 33. CODE DEVELOPMENT
33-1
SECTION 34. APPENDIX
34-1
I2C Overview ...............................................................................................................................................34-2

List of LCD Glass Manufacturers ................................................................................................................. 34-11
Device Enhancement ...................................................................................................................................34-13
Revision History ........................................................................................................................................... 34-19
SECTION 35. GLOSSARY
35-1
DS33023A-page xii

Picmicro™ Mid-Range Mcu Family Reference Manual: 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. December 1997 /Ds33023A

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1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

December 1997 /DS33023A

All rights reserved. Copyright 1997, Microchip Technology

December 1997 /DS33023A

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 6. MEMORY ORGANIZATION

SECTION 7. DATA EEPROM

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 10. PARALLEL SLAVE PORT

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 12. TIMER1

SECTION 13. TIMER2

SECTION 14. COMPARE/CAPTURE/PWM (CCP)

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 16. BASIC SYCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (BSSP)

SECTION 17. MASTER SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (MSSP)

SECTION 18. USART

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 20. COMPARATOR

SECTION 21. 8-BIT A/D CONVERTER

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 23. 10-BIT A/D CONVERTER

SECTION 24. SLOPE A/D

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 26. WATCHDOG TIMER AND SLEEP MODE

SECTION 27. DEVICE CONFIGURATION BITS

SECTION 28. IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 30. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 31. DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SECTION 33. CODE DEVELOPMENT

Revision History .............................................................................................................................................33-2

SECTION 34. APPENDIX

I2C Overview ...............................................................................................................................................34-2

SECTION 35. GLOSSARY

Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................35-14

1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

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