Robot 2009 05 02

bBa¢IrGtßbT
1- karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM ------------------------------------------------------- 4
1-1- karKUrrcnasm<næ½ ------------------------------------------------------- 4
1-1-1- cMnUlcitþ ----------------------------------------------------------- 4
1-1-2- Ékta ------------------------------------------------------------ 11
1-1-3- karkMnt;GkS½ ----------------------------------------------------- 16
1-1-4- karKUrFñwmrWssr ---------------------------------------------------- 18
1-1-5- karKUrmuxkat; munrWeRkay karKUrFñwmrWssr --------------------------------- 20
1-2- CMnYykarKUr --------------------------------------------------------- 21
1-2-1- KMehIj ----------------------------------------------------------- 21
1-2-2- karEksMrYl ------------------------------------------------------- 22
1-3- Fñwmekag ------------------------------------------------------------ 27
1-4- muMrbs;muxkat;-------------------------------------------------------- 29
1-5- rUbFatu -------------------------------------------------------------31
1-6- KMlatGkS½ ----------------------------------------------------------32
1-7- kardak;TMr ---------------------------------------------------------- 34
1-8- kardak;bnÞúk ---------------------------------------------------------37
1-9- karbgðajlkçN³rbs;Fñwm/ TMr/ bnÞúk nigepSg²eTot ------------------------ 45
1-10- karGanlTæpl ----------------------------------------------------- 45
1-11- ]TahrN¾--------------------------------------------------------- 48
1-11-1- rcnasm<næ½kñúgbøg;-------------------------------------------------- 50
1-11-1-1- Fñwm nig FñwmCab; ---------------------------------------------- 50
karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 1 kñúg 198
1-11-1-2- eRKagÉkta nig eRKagGKar -------------------------------------- 50
1-12- kMral nig eRKagGKar ---------------------------------------------- 50
1-12-1- kMnt;kugTYr ------------------------------------------------------ 50
1-12-2- karkMnt;bnÞHkMral/ kMras;kMral nig karbMBak;kMral ------------------------- 51
1-12-3- karecaHkMral ---------------------------------------------------- 53
1-12-4- GagTwk ¬BnøÚt¦ -------------------------------------------------- 54
1-12-5- TYrGagTwk ¬brivtþ¦ ------------------------------------------------ 60
1-12-6- bnÞúelIépÞ ------------------------------------------------------- 66
1-12-6-1- bnÞúkrayesμI ------------------------------------------------- 66
1-12-6-2- sMBaFTwk --------------------------------------------------- 66
1-12-7- bnÞúkBiess ----------------------------------------------------- 72
1-12-7-1- bnÞúksMBaFdI------------------------------------------------- 72
1-12-7-2- r)aykarbnÞúk ------------------------------------------------ 77
1-12-7-3- bnÞúkxül;--------------------------------------------------- 81
1-12-7-4- bnÞúkcracrN¾ nig ExSekag\TæiBl --------------------------------- 87
1-12-8- rcnasm<næ½kñúglMh ------------------------------------------------- 96
1-12-8-1- FñwmExVg ---------------------------------------------------- 96
1-12-8-2- eRKagGKar -------------------------------------------------- 96
2- karKNnamuxkat;------------------------------------------------------- 97
2-1- karKNnaFñwmCab; ----------------------------------------------------- 97
2-2- karKNnakMral -----------------------------------------------------115
2-3- ssr-------------------------------------------------------------119
2-4- karKNnaRKwH ------------------------------------------------------ 131
2-5- karKNnaeRKagGKarnigkMral ------------------------------------------- 145
2-5-1- karKNnakMral ---------------------------------------------------157
2-5-2- karKNnakMralKμanFñwm ---------------------------------------------- 159
2-5-3- karKNnaFñwm ----------------------------------------------------- 164
2-5-4- karKNnassr---------------------------------------------------- 169
2-5-5- karKNnaRKwH ---------------------------------------------------- 172
2-6- karKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdk -----------------------------------------------175
2-6-1- eRKOgbgÁúMsm<næ½RtIekaN ---------------------------------------------175
2-6-2- rcnasm<næ½GKar ---------------------------------------------------191

1- karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM
eRbIsMrab;rcna sm<næ½ RKb; RbePT
1-1- karKUrrcnasm<næ½
1-1-1- cMnUlcitþ
cUltam Menu bar: tool>>Preferences

rWcUltam toolbar edaycuc BI
eyIgeRbIbBa¢arenH edIm,I eFVIkar)aøs;bþÚr BN¾/ TMhMGkSr rW RbePTGkSr Edlnwgbgðaj elIeGRkg;.
³sMrab;ebIk eQμaH cMnUlcitþ Edl )anrkSaTuk.

³ rkSaTuk cMnUlcitþ CaeQμaHmYy.
³ lubecal cMnUlcitþ EdlkMBugeRbI.
³ kMnt; cMnUlcitþCa Defaults.
Update preferences on exit: sMrab;eGayrkSaTukeBlEdlcakecjBI Dialog box.

eRbIsMrab; kMnt; BN¾/ TMhMnigRbePTGkSrelI eGRkg;.
Set: sMrab;begáItsMnuMén BN¾ rbs;kBa©k;kuMBüÜTr½. eyIg Gacsresr eQñaH fμIkñúgRbGb; rYccuc New
Range: CaeQμaHénRkumFatuEdlGac bþÚrBN¾)an.
Element: CaFatuEdlGacbþÚrBN¾)an.
Color: CaBN¾Edlcg; eGayFatueRKOgbgÁúMsMEdg.
Font: CaBN¾rbs;GkSr rW elx EdlRtUvsMEdg.
Accept: bitedayrkSa GVIEdl)ankMnt;rYcehIy.
Cancel: TukCaemaX³ral;GVI²Edl)ankMnt;.
]TahrN¾³
1-cUrdUrBN¾ rbs; eGRkg; eTACa elOg.
2-cUrdUr RbePTnigTMhM GkSrrbs; bnÞat;Rkit elIeGRkg;.
3-cUrdUrBN¾ rbs; cross pointer.l.

kñúg Range “Screen”/ element “Description” KWsMrab; bþÚrBN¾ rbs; srésEdk Edl skmμ rW BN¾
GkSr rbs; kMnt;sMKal; elIkBa©k;TUrTsSn¾.

eRbIsMrab;kMnt;TMrg;rbs; Menu bars nig toolbars.
eRbIsMrab;kMnt;BN¾/ TMhM nigRbePTGkSr elIr)aykarN¾bøg;.

Set: KWCaeQμaHrbs;karkMnt; Edl)aneFVI. eyIg GacbegáIteQaμHfμIeday sresredaypÞal; kñúgRbGb;.
Range, Element: sMrab;RkumFatu nig FatuéneRKOgbgÁúMEdl RtUvkMnt;BN¾/ TMhMGkSr rW RbePTGkSr.

1-1-2- Ékta
karKURbEvg/ rgVas;elImuxkat;/ TMhMkMlaMg/ PaBFn;muxkat; RtUvEtkMnt;munnwgcab; epþIm viPaKeRKOg
bgÁúM rW karKNnamuxkat;.
eyIgGaccUltamry³ Menubar: Tools>>Job Preferences
rWcUltam tool toolbar edaycuc

Automatic verification:
1. none - structure calculations will be performed, no matter whether errors and warnings
have been found in the structure, or not

2. only errors - structure calculations will not be performed, if the program finds at least
one error during structure verification
3. errors and warnings - structure calculations will not be performed, if the program finds
at least one error or one warning during structure verification.
1-1-3- karkMnt;GkS½
munnwgKUr eRKOgbgÁúM/ eyIgRtUv EbgEckKMlatrbs; GkS½ssr rWFñwm eday eRbI bBa¢ar Axis
definition BI Geometry Menu. rW click elIsBaØa rbs; Axis definition elI toolbars.
kalNa toolbars EdleyIgcg;)an KμanenAelI bg¥ÜceTenaH eyIgGacbgðaj vadUcxageRkam

cucelI sBaØa axis definition eyIg )an

enAelIbg¥ÜcenH/ eyIg Gacdak;KMlat BIGkS½mYyeTAGkS½
mYy rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM EdleyIgnwgKUr. karkMnt;
RbBnæ½GkS½ sMrYlkñúg karKUreRKOgbgÁúM.
• Name: eQμaHRbBnæ½GkS½nImYy²Edl )anrkSaTuk.
• Cartesian, Cylindrical, Arbitrary:
CaRbePTGkS½ kUGr½edaen.
• Position: CaTItaMgdMbUgeFobnwg RbBnæ½GkS½skl
• No of repetitions: CacMnYnRbelaH dUc²Kña Edl
RtUvdak;.
• Distance: CaKMlat BIGkS½mYyeTA GkS½mYy Edl
eyIg cg;)an.
• Numbering: CaRbePTlMdab; rW eQμaHGkS½.
• New: sMrab;begáIteQμaHRbBnæ½GkS½fμI.
• Axis Manager: sMrab;ebIkemIl bBa¢IreQμaHRbBnæ½GkS½ Edl)an begáIt.
kalNa eyIgeRCIserIsyk eQμaHRbBnæ½ mYyNa

RbBnæ½GkS½enaH nwgmanRbsiTæPaB eRkaeBl Edl
eyIg cucbUtug Apply rYcehIy. eyIg
GaceRCIserIs RbBnæ½GkS½elIsBI mYy)an.
1-1-4- karKUrFñwmrWssr
ssr nig FñwmRtUvcat;cUlCa RbePTr)ar (bars) dUecñH eyIg GacKUrvaedayeRbI bBa¢ar bars

• Bar type (drop list): simple bar, beam, column, RC
beam, RC column and others: KWCa RbePTeRKOgbgÁúM
EdleyIgGaceRCIserIs sMrab;KUr.
• Section: KWCaRbePTmuxkat;EdleyIg GacykecjBI
taragmuxkat; rW begáItmuxkat;fμI. taragmuxkat; nwgman

muxkat;eRcInRbePT eRkayeBl EdleyIg Efmva BI New
Section Dialog box.
• Default material: bBa¢ak;RbePTrUbFatuEdleRbI/ CaFmμta
vakMnt;CamYynwg RbePTmuxkat;.
• Node coordinates: R)ab;BItMélén kUGr½edaen rbs;cugGgát;. eyIgGac eRbIkUnkNþúr
cuccMnucEdl eyIgcg;)an rWk¾ vaytMélbBa©Úleday pÞal;. ebIeyIgbBa¢ÚltMéledaypÞal; enaH

eyIgRtUv cuc bUtug Add eRkayeBlEdlkUGr½edaen én cugTaMgBIr rbs;r)ar)an bBa©Úl. ebIeyIg
eRbIkUnkNþúrcuccMnuc enaH Ggát;nwg EfmedaysVy½Rbvtþ eBlEdl cMnucBIrRtUv)ancuc.
• Axis position: CaTItaMgrbs;GkS½ eRKOgbgÁúM EdleyIgcg; eGay eRKOgbgÁúMP¢ab;Kña.
• Drag: eRCIserIseBlNa eyIgcg;KUrGgát;tCab;Kña. ebIeyIgmineRCIsva enaH Ggát;KUrmþg )an
EtmYybUenñaH.
eBl bUtug Cab;nwg bar type droplist eyIg
GackMnt;niymny½ rbs; FñwmrWssr)an. eyIg
Gac kMnt;BI Buckling parameters.

eRkayeBlcuc bUtugEk,nwg Section droplist eyIg
)an New Section dialog box.
• New Section dialog box: sMrab;begáIt
muxkat;Carag epSg² bBa©ÚleTAkñúg tarag

muxkat;.
• Add: sMrab;cuc bBa©Úl muxkat;EdkEdl
eyIgerIs Camuxkat;rbs; FñwmrWssr Edl

kMnt; kñúgRbePTr)ar.
1-1-5- karKUrmuxkat; munrWeRkay karKUrFñwmrWssr

eRbI toolbars (of Structure Model) edaycucbUtug Bar
section. bnÞab;mk eyIg GacbegáIt muxkat;fμI edaycuc bUtug
New/ ehIy karbBa©ÚlTinñny½ sMrab; muxkat;eFVIdUc krNImun
Edr.
1-2- CMnYykarKUr
1-2-1- KMehIj
1-KMehIjGac bgðajCaeRcInsNæan. eyIgGac cucelI edIm,IebIk Structure View
Management tool bar Edl GaceGayeyIg emIleXIjtamTisEdl cgeXIj.
• 2D:sMrab; emIlkñúgbøg; EdleyIgRtUv
bBa¢ak; XY, YZ or XZ.

• 2D/3D: emIlbøg; kñúglMh.
• 3D: emIlkñúglMh.
eyIgGacrMkilemIlbøg; tam bNþaTItaMgGkS½Edlman kMnt; kñúg karkMnt;GkS½ (Axis definitions)

2-eyIg GaceRbIKMehIj tamviFIepSgeTot dUcCa eRbI View toolbar.
eyIgcuc edIm,IebIk Work Plane Dialog box EdleyIgGackMnt; kUGr½edaen rbs;bøg;Edlcg;eFVIkar

rW emIl.

• Fixed: X, Y, Z: CakarkMnt;bøg; Edlcg;emIl.
]TahrN¾³ emIlbøg; XZ/ eyIgRtUv KUr Fixed X nig
Fixed Z rYcbBa©Úl kUGr½edaen rbs; Y tamEdl eyIg
cg;)an.
eyIgGaccuc edIm,IebIk Local System Definition Dialog box EdleRbI sMrab;kMnt; bøg;tam
sßanPaB epSg² rW k¾begáIt RbBnæ½GkS½tMbn;.
• Save in view history as: sMrab;rkSaKMehIj Edl)aneFVI
kñúg View history. View history GacebIkemIltam

Menu bar: View>>History rWedaycuc elI View
toolbar.
• Point definition (P1, P2, P3): CacMnucTaMgbI EdlkMnt;
eGaybøg;rbs; KMehIj.
1-2-2- karEksMrYl
eyIg Gac eFVIkarEksMrYl (Edit) dUcCa EckCacMEnk/ begáItRbsBV/ tMrwm/ Bnøat/ rMkil/ bgVil/
bBa©aMg….l. ehIy eyIgGac cUltam toolbars rW tam Menu bar.
1-karEckCacMEnk (Divide)
karEckCacMEnk sMrab;EckGgát; ¬rWEKmkugTYr¦ CacMEcntUc² EdlxNÐ eday tMn.
tam toolbar: cuc elI Edit toolbar
tam Menubar: Edit>>Divide…

• Division into n parts: EckGgát;Ca n cMEnkesμI²Kña.
cMnYn n bBa©Úlkñúg Number of segments box.
• Generate nodes without bar/edge division: sMrab;
begáIt n-1 tMn elIGgát; rW EKmkugTYr ¬cMEnktUc² minEmn

CaGgát;eT¦. ebI CMerIsenH mineRbI enaH n-1 tMn nig n
Ggát; RtUv)anbegáIt.
sMrab;EckGgát;Ca BIrcMEnk Edl sMrab;EckGgát;Ca BIrcMEnkeFob sMrab;EckGgát;Ca BIrcMEnk eday

cMEnkTImYy mantMél bBa©Úlkñúg Edl cMEnkeFobTImYy mantMél karRbsBV CamYynwg bøg; kñúg
RbGb; Distance from the top. bBa©Úlkñúg RbGb; Relative RbBnæ½ GkS½skl.
distance from the top.
2-RbsBV (Intersect)
RbsBV eRbIsMrab;begáIt tMnrvag Ggát; nig EckGgát;CaBIr edaytMnenaH. eyIgRtUveRCIserIs Ggát;Edl
RbsBVKña rYc cUl tam Menu bar: Edit>>Intersect rW tam Edit toolbar edaycuc eRkayeBl Edl
Ggát;TaMgGs;RtYverIs.
3-tMrwm (Trim)
tMrwm eRbIsMrab; kat;EpñkNamYy rbs;Ggát; edayGgátd¾éTEdlRbsBV nig begáIt tMnRtg; cMnucRbsBV
enaH. eyIgGac cUlbBa¢artMrwm tam Menu bar: Edit>>Trim… rW tam Edit toolbar edaycuc .
• Selection of cutting objects: sMrab;bBa©úlelx Ggát;
Edl katCaGñkkat;.
• Trimmed object (Bar/Object No): bBa©Úlelx Ggát;
EdlRtUvkat; rW tMrwm.
• Relative coordinate of the trim object part: sMrab;
bBa¢ak;BI EpñkEdlRtvkat;ecal. tMélbBa©Úl KitCa

RbEvgeFob.
• Apply: sMrab;eFVIeGay karkat;manRbsiTæPaB.
4-BnøÚt (Extend)
BnøÚt eRbIsMrab;BnøÚtGgát;NamYy eGayCYbnwg Ggát;d¾éTeTot. eyIg GaccUltam Menu bar:
Edit>>Extend… rWeRbI Edit toolbar edaycuc .
• Selection of boundary edge objects: sMrab;bBa©Úl
elxGgát; EdlCaEdnén karBnøÚt.

• Extended object (Bar/Object No): sMrab;bBa©Úlelx
Ggát;Edl RtUvBnøÚt.
• Extend (beginning/end): sMrab;bBa¢ak; BIEpñk Edl
RtUvBnøÚt ¬xagedIm rW xagcug¦.
5-rMkil (Translate)
eyIgGacehA bBa¢ar rMkil tam Menu bar: Edit>>Edit>>Translate… rWtam Edit toolbar edaycuc
elI .

• Translation vector: Ca vicTr½rMkil Edlman tMélRtUv
bBa©Úl kñúgRbGb; dX, dY, dZ.
• Numbering increment: sMrab;tMélkMenIn rbs;elx tMn
rW Ggát; fμIEdlRtUvbegáIt.
• Edit mode: CaRbePTénkarrMkil EdlGacCa rMkil
edaycMlg rW rMkiledayclt½.
• Drag: sMrab;begáIt Ggát;rvag tMncas; nwgtMnfμI
RsbeBl Edl rMkileRKOgbgÁúM.

• Number of repetitions: CacMnYnEdl RtUvcMlg.
6- bgVil (Rotate)
eyIgGacehA bBa¢ar bgVil tam Menu bar: Edit>>Edit>>Rotate… rWtam Edit toolbar edaycuc elI
.
• Rotation axis: kMnt;GkS½rgVl
i
→ Axis beginning: CacMnucedIm ¬Kl;¦ én GkS½rgVil
GacbBa©Úl eday kUnkNþúl rW eday vaytMél kñúg
RbGb;.
→ Axis end:
¾ Point: Ca cMnuccugénGkS½rgVil
¾ Plane (XY, YZ, XZ): Cabøg; Edl EkgnwgGkS½
rgVil. cMnuccug Ca cMenalrbs; cMnucedIm elIbøg;

Edl eRCIserIs kñúgRbGb; Plane.
• Angle: tMélénmuMrgVil. viC©man tamTisedAXYgqñúk tam
vicTr½GkS½rgVil BIedImeTAcug.
7-bBa©aMg (Mirror)
eyIgGac ehA bBa¢arbBa©aMg edayeRbI bBa©aMgQ (Vertical Mirror) rW bBa©aMgedk (Horizontal Mirror)
edayeRbI Edit toolbar edaycuc (Vertical mirror), (Horizontal mirror) rWedayeRbI Menu
bar: Edit>>Edit>>Vertical Mirror (Edit>>Edit>>Horizontal Mirror).
• Plane location: CaTItaMgbøg;BIKl;RbBnæ½GkS½skl GacCa
X rW YeTAtam RbePTbøg;EdleyIgerIs Rtg; Plane.
• Plane: Cabøg;Edl Rsbnwg bøg;kBa©k;.
dUecñH bøg;bBa©aMg rWbøg;kBa©k; Ca bøg;EdlRsbnwg Plane nig man

cMgay Plane location BIKl;RbBnæ½GkS½skl.
edaybøg;bBa©aMg Cabøg;edk dUecñH Plane location KWCa tMél Z

Edl bBa¢ak;BIkMritkMBs; énbøg;bBa©aMg.
8-bøg;qøúH (Planar Symmetry…), GkS½qøúH (Axial Symmetry...)

eyIgGacehAbBa¢ar bøg;qøúH enHeday cuc BI Edit toolbar rW ehAtam Menu bar:
Edit>>Edit>>Planar Symmetry.
eyIgGacehAbBa¢ar GkS½qøúH enHeday cuc BI Edit toolbar rW ehAtam Menu bar:

Edit>>Edit>>Axial Symmetry.

Mirror plane: Cabøg;bBa©aMgqøúH vtßú. va Symmetry axis: CaGkS½qøúH EdlkMnt;eday
begáIteday cMnucbI. cMnucBIr edIm nig cug.
1-3- Fñwmekag
Fñwmekag GacKUr)an edayeRbI bBa¢arFñÚ Edl GaccUl edaycuc elI Objects toolbar rW cUltam
Menu bar: Geometry>>Objects>>Arc…. sMKal;³ Objects toolbar GaccUl)an edaycuc BI
Structure Model toolbar.

• Definition method: viFIkMnt;cMnucrbs;FñÚ
→ Center-Begin-End:CacMnucp©itrbs;FñÚ/ cMnucedImFñÚ nig
cMnuccugFñÚ.
→ Begin-End-Middle:CacMnucedImFñÚ/ cugFñÚ nig kNþalFñÚ.
→ Begin-Middle-End: CacMnucedIm/ kNþal nig cugFñÚ.
• Definition method: viFIkMnt;cMnucrbs;FñÚ

• Geometry: bBa¢ak; kUGr½edaen rbs; cMnucTaMgbIEdl
eRCIserIs kñúg Definition method. cMnuc GacbBa©Úl
eday eRbI kUnkNþúrcuc elI kBa©k;kuMBüÚTr½.
• Parameters: bBa¢ak;BIlkçN³rbs;Fñwmekag.
→ Arc discretization:sMrab;kMnt;karEckFñÚCacMEnktUc²
¾ Fixed number: sMrab;EckFñÚCa cMEnkesμI²Kña cMnYn
kñúgRbGb; Sides nig EckkaMtamcMnYn kñúgRbGb; Radial.

¾ Number of full angle divisions: eBleRbICMerIs
enH cMnYnkñúgRbGb; min KWmanRbsiTæPaB.

→ Explode: eBlNaeyIgKUrva enaHFñÚ KUCaFñwmekag Edl
pSMBIFñwmtUc² mancMnYnesμInwgelxkñúg RbGb; Sides.
kalNa eyIgminKUrva enaH FñÚ KWCa EKmkugTYr rbs;
bnÞH rW sUlId.

eRkayeBlKUr)anCaragFñwmekag rYc/ eyIgGac kMnt; RbePTmuxkat; dl;Fñwm tamkarcg;)an.
1-4- muMrbs;muxkat;
muMrbs;muxkat; (γ, Gamma Angle)

FñwmrWssr Gacman muxkat; nig muMrgVilepSgKña. FñwmRTdMbUl EtgmanmuMrgVilmuxkat; rWÉ FñwmRTkMral Kμan
muMrgVilmuxkat;eT. eyIgGac kMnt;muMrgVilmuxkat; eday eRbI toolbars (of Structure Definition) rW
Menu bar: Geometry>>Properties>> Gamma Angle….
• Value:CaRbGb;sMrab; bBa©Úl muMEdlcg;)an. RbGb;enH

skmμ kalNa eyIgeRCIserIs Definition ecjBItarag
Special values.
• Special values: CatarageGaytMélBIess énkarbgVil

• Number: CaelxGgát;. vaskmμeBlNa eyIgeRCIserIs
Position BItarag Special values.
• Position: RtUveRCIeserIs eBlEdleyIgcg; bgVil

muxkat;mYy edayeGayGkS½niclPaBcMbg ¬Gb,brma¦
muxkat; enaHEkgnwg GkS½TIRbCuMTMgn;rbs;Ggát;NamYy Edl
manlex bBa¢ak; eday RbGb; Number. CaTUeTA/ eyIg
eRbI va sMrab; bgVilFñwmrgRTdMbUl eFobnwg FñwmemdMbUl.
• Definition: RtUveRCIserIs eBlEdl eyIg cg;bBa©Úl tMélmuMxusBI tMélBiess kñúg Special

values list/ muMvileFobnwgGkS½tMbn;dMbUg (Original local coordinate system).
• +Definition: sMrab; bgVil muMEfmeFobnwgGkS½kñúgTItaMgmun.
• Node: RtUveRCIserIs eBlEdl eyIgcg;bgVil muxkat;Ggát;mYy edayeGay bøg;begáagcMbg
énmuxkat; sßitenAkñúgbøg; kMnt;eday bnÞat;énGgát; nwg tMnEdl manelx bBa¢ak; kñúgRbGb;

Number.
• Bar list: elx rW bnþúMelxGgát; Edl eyIg RtUvbgVil.

• Apply: cuc eBlEdl GnuvtþkarbgVilmuM.
1-5- rUbFatu
eyIg GackMnt;RbePTrUbFatu eGaymuxkat;NamYy)an edayeRbI bBa¢ar toolbars (of Structure
definition) rW Menu bar: Geometry>>Materials….
• Material Dropdown list: Cataragén rUbFatuEdlman
rYmTaMg rUbFatuEdl )anbBa©Úl tamry³ Job Preferences.

• Assign to sections:
→ Label: eQμaHmuxkat; Edl )anbegáIt kñúg bBa©ar Bar
Section.
→ Default Material: CarUbFatu Edl )ankMnt; eGay
muxkat; CasVy½Rbvtþ. eyIgGac kMnt;rUbFatuepSg² eTA
muxkat;)an.

]TahrN_³ kMnt; C16/20 eGaymuxkat; B R30x55:
→ dMbUgRtUveRCIserIs C16/20 BI taragrUbFatu.
→ eRCIserIs muxkat; B R30x55 kñúg Label.
→ cucbUtug Apply.
1-6- KMlatGkS½
KMlatGkS½ (Offsets) eRbIsMrab;bBa¢ak; TItaMgGkS½ eFobnwg GkS½TIRbCuMTMgn; rbs;muxkat;. eyIgeRbIsMrab;
Ggát;Edl mantMncakp©it (eccentric connections). eyIg GacbBa¢atam
• toolbars (of Structure definitions) edaycuc rW tam
• menu bar: Geometry>>Additional Attributes>>Offsets… .

Offsets Dialogbox GaceGayeyIg
1. New :sMrab;begáIt eQμaH Offset fμI.
2. Delete :sMrab;lubeQμaH Offset.
3. Display , , nig :bgðajtarag rbs; Offsets.

4. Cut : sMrab;kat; eQμaH Offsets.
5. Label manager : sMrab; emIlrWEk lkçN³rbs; Offsets.
6. :sMrab;lub Offset BItMnrWGgát;.
7. Current selection: taragrbs;Ggát; Edl RtUvGnuvtþ KMlatGkS½.
8. Apply: sMrab;GnuvtþKMlatGkS½ (Offset) elIGgát; EdleRCIserIs kñúgtarag.
New Offset Definition dialog box sMrab;begáIt KMlatGkS½fμI

• Label: sresreQμaHKMlatGkS½
• Beginning UX, UY and UZ: tMélénKMlatedImGgát;.
• End UX, UY and UZ: tMélénKMlatcugGgát;.
• Add: bBa©Úl KMlatGkS½ kñúgtaragKMlatGkS½.
• Position with respect to section…: sMrab;eRCIserIs
TItaMgKMlatGkS½ EdlkMnt;CaeRsc.
KMlatGkS½viC¢mantamTisedA én RbBnæ½GkS½tMbn;.
bgðajBITItaMgGkS½fμI eFob
Position with respect to section:
nwgGkS½ rbs; RbBnæ½tMbn;. tamry³rUbenH eyIg GackMnt;

KMlat EttamTis UY, UZ ehIy Et9TItaMgdUcbgðajkñúgrUb.

1-7- kardak;TMr
k-TMrÉkraCü (Independent supports)
eyIgGacdak;TMr eGayeRKOgbgÁúM edaycuc elI toolbar rW tam menubar: Geometry>>Supports
eyIg GacbegáIt RbePTTMrfμI eday cucbUtug New. TMrGacCa cMnuc/
bnÞat; rWCaépÞ. eyIgRtUveRCIserI RbePTTMr rYc vatelx Edl Ca
elxrbs; cMnucrWbnÞat; rWépÞ EdleyIgcg; dak; bnÞab;mk cucbUtug
Apply.
enAkñúgtaragTMr man TMr delete: KWeRbIsMrab;lub TMrBITIEdl

minRtUvkar.
• Label: eQμaHTMrEdlnwgbegáIt
• Coord. sytem: CaRbePTRbBnæ½kUGr½edaen
• Fixed directions: TisbgçMPaBesrIrbs;TMr
→ UX, UY and UZ: PaBesrIénbMlas;TItamGkS½ X, Y
and Z.
→ RX, RY and RZ: PaBesrIén rgVilmuMCuMvijGkS½ X, Y
and Z.
• Uplift: PaBehIb rbs;TMr. none: KμankarehIb. + :
ehIbtamTis rbs;bMlas;TI rW rgVil.

• Angle: muMrbs;TMr ¬sMrab;TMrbBaÄit¦/ Alpha(Z axis):
muMvileFobnwgGkS½ Z axis.
• Add: cucsMrab;bEnßmTMrcUl kñúg taragTMr.
• Advances: cucedIm,IeFVIkarKNnabnÞHkMral…. eyIgnwgeRCIserIs lkçxNÐTaMg 3 dUckñúg

taragxageRkam³
eyIg GacemIl lkçN³rbs;TMr nigEklkçN³ rbs;TMr)an. enAelI Supports Dialogbox cuc Label
manager eyIgnwg)an Dialogbox dUcbgðajxageRkam
eyIgGacminRtwmemIllkçN³rbs;TMreT Et
eyIgk¾Gac begáItTMrfμI ehIynig epÞr
RbePTTMr BI KMeragmYy eTA mYy)an.

x-TMrGaRsy½ (release)
TMrGaRsy½ CaTMr Edl BwgelI rcnasm<næ d¾éTepSg. eyIg Gacdak; TMrGaRsy½ eday
Geometry>>Release… rWeRbI toolbars (of Structure definitions). eyIg GacGnuvtþ TMrGaRsy½
cMeBaH Ggát; rW tMn. TMrGaRsy½ mankMlaMgRbElg tamTis énRbBnæ½GkS½kUGr½edaentMbn;.

1-8- kardak;bnÞúk
k-crikbnÞúk (Load Natures)
eyIgGackMnt;crikbnÞúk edayeRbI toolbars rW tam Menu bar: Loads>>Load types
• Nature: CacrikbnÞúk EdlGacCa bnÞúkefr/ Gefr…
• Number: CaelxrageQμaHbnÞúkEdl)andak;
• Name: CaeQμaHkrNIbnÞúk.
• New: sMrab;begáIteQμaHkrNIbnÞúk. eRkayeBl ssr
eQμaHbnÞúk kñúg Name box rYcRtUvcuc bUtug New

edIm,IbegáIteQμaHkrNIfμI.
• Modify: sMrab;EkeQμaHkrNIbnÞúkEdlsresrxus. cuc
eQμaHbnÞúkEdl mankñúgtarag rYc EkenAkñúg Name box

bnÞab; mkcuc bUtug Modify / eQμaHnwgRtUvEk.
x-karkMnt;bnÞúk (Load Definitions)
eyIgGackMnt;tMélbnÞúk edayeRbI toolbars rW tam Menu bar: Loads>>Load definitions

muneBlkMnt;bnÞúk eyIgRtUvR)akdfa bnÞúkenaHCa krNIbnÞúGVI nig crikbnÞúkGVI. dUecñH eyIg RtUveRCIserIs
krNIbnÞúk Edl )an begáItkñúgtaragCamunsin munnwg kMnt;tMélbnÞúk. RbePTbnÞúk KW bnÞúkcMnuc/
bnÞúkrayesμIelIr)ar/ bnÞúkrayelIépÞ nig bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn.
eRkayeBl eRCIserIs krNIbnÞúk rYc eyIgGac kMnt; tMélbnÞúk.
• Node: CakMlaMgRtg;cMnuc EdlGacCa kMlaMgcMnuc nig m:Um:g;.
• Bar: CakMlaMgelIr)ar
• Surface: kMlaMgelIépÞ
• Selfweight and mass: CakMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn nig m:as;.
eBlEdleyIg bnBa©ÚltMélkMlaMg rYcral;ehIy/ vaytMél tMn rW

r)ar rW épÞ EdlRtUvGnuvtþbnÞúk kñúg Apply to Box rYccuc Apply.
sMrab;ebIk dialogbox bBa©ÚlbnÞúktMn.

sMrab;ebIk dialogbox bBa©ÚlbMlas;TIbgçM.
sMrab;ebIk dialogbox bBa©ÚlbnÞúkcMnuc rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMbnÞH CBa¢aMg/ kMral (for plate and shell
structure).
sMrab;lubecal bnÞúkcMnuc. edIm,Ilub bnÞúkNamYyBI rcnasm<næ½ dMbUg RtUv erIsbnÞúkenaHeday

cucbUtug Add rYc vayelx tMn rWr)ar rW épÞEdl cg;dkbnÞúkenaH rYccucbUtug enH ehIy
CacugeRkay RtUvcuc bUtug Apply. enaH bnÞúknwgRtUvdkecj.
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;kMnt;tMél bnÞúkrayesμIelIr)ar.
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkrayragctuekaNBñay elIr)ar.
ebI Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkcMnuc elIr)ar.
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;karrIkrYm (dilatation).
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkkMedA (Thermal loads).
ebIk Dialog box sMrab; bnÞúképÞ (Surface load).
ebI Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkrayesμIelIépÞ.
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkrayelIbnÞat;eFVIelIépÞ (Linear loads).
ebI Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkraybBaÄit kMnt;edaybIcMnuc (Planar loads).
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;sMBaFsnÞnIy¾ (Hydrostatic pressures).
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;kMnt;bnÞúkrayesμI elI kugTY kMnt;mYy énépÞ.
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;kMnt;bnÞúkraybBaÄitkMnt;eday bIcMnuc elIkugTY kMnt;mYy énépÞ.
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;bnÞúkkMedA (Thermal loads).
ebIk Dialog box sMrab;kMnt;bnÞúkelIEKm (Loads on edges).
sMrab;GnuvtþbnÞúkpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eRKOgbgÁútM amTisbRBa¢as; rbs;GkS½kUGr½edaen skl.
sMrab;kMnt;TisedArbs; bnÞúkpÞal;.
sMrab;kMlaMgcakp©it nigkMlaMgsMTuHmuM.
sMrab;kMnt;m:as;tMn.
sMrab;kMnt;m:as;r)ar.
x-1-bnÞúkRtg;tMn
x-1-1-kMlaMgtMn (Nodal forces)

• Value: tMélRtUvbBa©ÚlsMrab; kMlaMgcMnuctamTis x, Y and
Z nig sMrab;m:Um:g; M eFobnwg Axis X, Y and Z rWÉ
muMbBaÄitrbs; kMlaMg eFobnwg GkS½ X, Y and Z.

• Add: bBa©ÚltMélCatMélEdlRtUvGnuvtþ.
TisedAviC¢man rbs;muMénkMlaMgTaMgGs; Kittam TisedAXYgqñúk rW

bRBa©asRTnIk naLika (counterclockwise).
kMlaMg Fx, Fy nig Fz EkgKñaCanIc© ebIeyIg
bBa©Úl eBlCamYyKña ehIy va viltam muM
Edl )ankMnt; dUc²Kña. ebI kMlaMg Fx, Fy
nig Fz minEkgKña ehIymuMeFobmin dUcKña enaH
eyIgRtUv
• bBa©ÚlkMlaMg eBlepSg²Kña kñúg
krNIbnÞúk EtmYydUcKña rW
• bBa©ÚlkMlaMg Ca krNIbnÞúk epSgKña
Etmþg.
x-1-2-bMlas;TIbgçM (Imposed displacements)
bMlas;TIbgçM GacGnuvtþ elITMrEdl Rsut rWehIb edaykarbgçM
NamYy. tMélénbMlas;TIbgçM GacbBa©ÚlCa
• rMkil Ux, Uy and Uz tamTisviC©manénGkS½skl ehIy
• muMrgVil Rx, Ry and Rz muMrgVileFobGkS½ X, Y and Z.
x-2-bnÞúkelIr)ar (bar loads)

x-2-1-bnÞúkrayesμI (Uniform loads)

eBlbBa©ÚlbnÞúkrayesμI
• Global: TisedAkMlaMgtamGkS½kUGr½edaenskl.
• Local: TisedAkMlaMgtamGkSkUGr½edaenrbs;r)ar.
• Projected load: sMrab;eGaytMélbnÞúkrayesμI eFobnwg RbEvg
rbs;r)ar cMenalEkgelIGkS½ EkgnwgTis kMlaMg. ebI

Projected load minKUryk/ manny½fa tMélbnÞúkrayesμIKit
eFob elIRbEvgrbs; r)arpÞal;.

• Load on eccentricity: kMnt;KMlatrbs;bnÞúkeTAr)ar.
• Add: EfmtMélbnÞúk
ebI eyIgcuc Load on Eccentricities enaH eyIg Gac

bBa©ÚlKMlatbnÞúk tamry³ Dialog box of Loads on
Eccentricities.
x-2-2-bnÞúkrayctuekaNBñay (Trapezoidal loads)

eyIg bBa©ÚltMél bnÞúkrayctuekaNBañay edayeRbItMélrbs;
p1 nig p2 ehIymanTItaMgerogKñaBI x1 nig x2 BIKl;Ggát;
¬r)ar¦.
• p1: tMélbnÞúk Rtg; edImrbs;ctuekaNBañay.
• p2: tMélbnÞúk Rtg; cugrbs;ctuekaNBañay.

• Coordinates
→ Relative (x/L): karbBa©ÚlTItaMg CaTItaMgeFob rbs;
elIGgát;.
p1, p2
→ Absolute: karbBa©ÚlTItaMg CaTItaMgdac;xatrbs; p1,
p2 elIGgát;.
x-2-3-kMlaMgcMnucelIGgát; (Bar force)

kMlaMgcMnucelIGgát;Gac
bBa©Úl tamTisén RbBnæGkS½
skl (Global) rW tMbn;
(local) ehIy TItaMg Gnuvtþ
bnÞúkRtUvEtbBa¢k; CaGr½edaen
EdlGacCa Gr½edaen eFob ebIeyIg cucelI bUtug Loads on
(Relative Coordinate x/L)
rW Gr½edaendac;xat eccentricities enaHeyIgGac
(Absolute coordinate). bBa¢ak;BI KMlatbnÞúk eFobnwg
Ggát;)an.
x-2-4-bnÞúkrWkrYm (Dilatation)

bnÞúkrIkrYmCatMélénkarrIkrYm tamTisrbs;Ggát; Edl GacbBa©Úl
eday BIrviFI³
1. Relative (dL/L): CatMéleFobnwgRbEvgGgát;.
2. Absolute: CatMéldac;xatrbs;karrIkrWrYm KitCaxñatRbEvg.
tMélGviC¢man KW rYm rWÉ viC¢man KW rIk.
x-2-5-bnÞúkkMedA (Thermal Load)

bnÞúkkMedA GacCa kMedAÉksNæan (Uniform Distribution of
temperature) rW lMeGogkMedA (Temperature gradient). bnÞúk
kMedA Gnuvtþ kñúg RbBnæ½GkS½kUGr½edaentMbn; (Local Coordinate

System).
1. dTx: sMrab;kMedAÉksNæankñúgGgát;.
2. dTy, dTz: sMrab;bnÞúkkMedA bNþalBI PaBxusKñarvag
sItuNðPaB rbs;EKmelI (Upper extreme fiber) nwg EKm

eRkam (Lower Extreme fiber) rbs;muxkat;.
x-2-6-bnÞúkGgát;rgBIépÞ (Planar Load)
bnÞúkenHRtUvykkmeRbI eBlEdl
1-kMnt;bnÞúkrbs;Fñwm bNþal
BIbnÞúk rayelIbnÞH.
2-bnÞúkelIeRKOgbgÁúM bNþalBI
kMlaMg xül;.
3-bnÞúkeRKOgbgÁúM bNþalBI bnÞúk

rbs; dMbUl rW CBa¢aMg.

1-9- karbgðajlkçN³rbs;Fñwm/ TMr/ bnÞúk nigepSg²eTot
eRKOgbgÁúMbgðaCaKMnUrbnÞat; ebIeyIgmin eGayva bgðajragBit
rbs;va. eyIgGacGanrUbragBitrbs; eRKOgbgÁúM/ kMlaMg/
RbePTTMr/ elxtMn rW Ggát; CaedIm edayeRbI Display
command EdlRKan;EtcucelI toolbars rWeRbI menu bar:
Views>>Display….
• All: eRCIserIs eGayeXIjTaMgGs;
• None: mineGayeXIjBt_manTaMGs;
• Symbol size: sMrab;BRgIkrWbRgYm TMhMKMehIj.
eyIgcg;eXIjlkçN³mYyNaeyIgeRCIserIslkçN³mYyenaH
1-10- karGanlTæpl
eyIg GacemIl düaRkaménkMlaMgkñúg TaMgLay rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. eRkayeBl eFVIkarKNnarYc eyIg Gan
lTæpl tamry³düaRkam edayeRbI Results>>Diagrams for bars

• NTM: GnuBaØatþeGayerIs RbePTkMlaMgkñúgEdl
cg;Gan. FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY and MZ
KitkñúgRbBnæ½ kUGr½edaentMbn; (Local coordinate
system).
• All: eRCIserIs kMlaMgkñúgTaMgGs;.
• None: mineRCIserIskMlaMgkñúgNamYy.
• Normalisze: düaRkambgðajedaymaRtdæansmRsb.
• Open a new window: GanlTæpledaypþúMelI Epñk
eRKOg bgÁúMEdleRCIserIs.
• Apply: sMrab;eFVIeGaymanRbsiTæPaB nUv kareRCIserIs
nImYy².
eyIg Gac eRCIserIs

düaRkam kMlaMgkñúg
tam tMrUvkar eday
Ep¥kelI snæisBaØa
rbs; kMlaMgkñúg
snæisBaØarbs;kMlaMgkñúg dUcbgðaj kñúgrUb.
Sign Convention

• Deformation: GnuBaØatþeGayemIldüRkamkMhUcRTg;
RTay nig vIedGUbgðajBIclna xUcRTg;RTay rbs;
eRKOgbgÁúM.
• Deformation: sMrab;rcnasm<næ½ eRkamGMeBIbnÞúk.
• Exact deformation: sMrab; Ggát;rbs; eRKOgbgÁúM eRkam
GMeBIbnÞúk.
• Animation: sMrab;emIlPaBynþ énbMlas;TI
rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.

1-11- ]TahrN¾
]TahrN¾³ cUrKNna kMlaMg Rbtikmμ/ düaRkamkMlaMgkat;TTwg nig m:Um:g; rbs;Fñwm xageRkam.
w2 =
10kN/m
w1 = 8kN/m
k-bnÞúk w = 10kN/m minEmn CabnÞúk
2
cMenal (Uniform load).

w1 = 8kN/m 3m
x-bnÞúk w = 10kN/m CabnÞúkcMenal
2
(Projected load).
2m 4m 2m K-etIdüaRkambþÚrrWeT ebI FñwmbþÚrmuxkat;?

rUbTI 1³ FñwmTMrbnÞúb

5kN
o
45
4m
w1 =
2kN/m
1m 1m 1m
4m 3m
rUbTI 2
0.5m 0.5m
w1 = 2kN/m
10kN
w2 =
w1 = 2kN/m 4kN/m 5kN
3m 1.5m
3m
2m 1m 3m
4m 1m
rUbTI 3³ eRKagGKar nig FñwmCab;
wL = 8kN/m
PD1 = 10kN wD = 10kN/m PD2 = 5kN
MD=3kNm
2m 2m 5m 1.5m
rUbTI 4³ FñwmCab;

1-11-1- rcnasm<næ½kñúgbøg ;
1-11-1-1- Fñwm nig FñwmCab;
1-11-1-2- eRKagÉkta nig eRKagGKar
1-12- kMral nig eRKagGKar

1-12-1- kMnt;kugTYr
kugTYrKWCa Ednrbs;bnÞHkMralrWCBa¢aMg. kugTYr begáIt eLIg edayGgát;pÁúMKñaCaEdnbitCit rW begáItBI
BhubnÞat;bitCit EdlGacCa ctuekaN/ rgVg;….
cuc edIm,I KUrBhubnÞat;Ca ragepSg² Edl eyIgRtUvkar.

cuc edIm,IKUrFñÚ EdlbitCit rW cuc edIm,I KUrrgVg; rW cuc edIm,I KUrctuekaN.
ctuekaN GacKUrCaBhubnÞat; rW CabnSM énGgát;kac;bYn
bitCit. Definition method: GaceGayeyIgeRCIserIs viFI
kMnt; ctuekaN. Geometry: GaceGayeyIg bBa©ÚltMél
EdlBak;Bnænwg viFIKUr. Parameters: GaceGayeyIgbBa¢ak;
BI RbePTctuekaNEdl RtUvKUr vaGacCa
1-Ggát;kac; (Exploded) rW CakugTYrctuekaN (Not
exploded).
2-bnÞHEtmþg (Panel).
3-RKan;EtCaépÞBTæ½ sMrab;bBa¢ak;EdnkMnt;b:uenñaH (Face).

cUrKUr kugTYrctuekaN BI nig FñÚmYyEdl bitedaykugTYr
ctuekaN TaMgBIr. FñÚmYyEtÉk minGacCa kugTYreT
elIkElgEt eyIg eRCIserIs Arc and Generator nig Arc
and chord.
1-12-2- karkMnt;bnÞHkMral/ kMras;kMral nig karbMBak;kMral

cuc edIm,I ebIk Panel Dialogbox.

• Number: sMrab; elxbnÞH. vabegáItedaysVy½Rbvtþi.
• Creation with: viFIbMBak;bnÞH. Internal point eyIgRtUv
bBa©ÚlkUGr½edaen cMnuc NamYy kñúg kugTYr rYc cuc Add rW

yk kUnkNþúr cucelI kugTYr. Object list: bBa©Úl vtßúTaMg
LayEdl begáIt CakugTYrrbs; bnÞHRtUvbMBak;. Surface
elements (FE) list: sMrab;bþÚrlkçN³rbs; bnÞHEdl )an
bMEbkRkLa rYcehIy.
• Properties: sMrab;bBa¢ak;criklkçN³ rbs; bnÞHman
dUcCa³ bNþajEdk (Reinforcement)/ rUbFatu

(Material) nig kMras; (Thickness).
dak;eQμaH bNþajEdk SlabNo1 nig dak;kMras;

15cm Edlman ebtug C20/25.

eRCIserIs Creation method Ca Internal point rYccuc kñúgRbGb; ehIyCacugeRkay ykkUnkNþúr cuckñúg
kugTYr Edl cg;GnuvtþbnÞH.
1-12-3- karecaHkMral
eyIg Gac ecaHkMral CaragepSg²)an edayRKan;Et KUrkugTYr elI kugTYr Edlman rW KUrkugTYr elI
bnÞHkMral Edl)an bMBak;rYc. kugTYrEdlenAxagkñúg KWCa Rbehag. ]TahrN¾³ cUrecaHRbehag
ctuekaN nig rgVg; kñúg kMral Edl manrYcehIy.
1-ebIk Rectangular dialog box rYcKUr enATItaMg Edlcg;ecaH elIbnÞHEdl)anbMBak;rYc eyIg nwg)an
RbehagctuekaN.

2-ebIk Circle dialog box rYcKUr enATItaMg Edlcg;ecaH elIbnÞHEdl)anbMBak;rYc eyIg nwg)an
RbehagrgVg;.
1-12-4- GagTwk ¬BnøÚt¦
eyIg GacKUrGagTwk ragepSg² )anedayeRbI bBa¢ar Extrude ¬BnøÚt¦ eTAelI BhubnÞat; EdlkMnt; rag
rbs;GagTwk.
]ThrN¾³ KUrGagTwk manrag ctuekaNlaymUl manCBa¢aMg CabnÞH Th15-WallNo1 nig kMral)at
CabnÞH Th15-SlabNo1.
1-cuc edIm,IebIk Polyline-contour dialog box. sMrab;KUrragctuekaN.
2-cuc edIm,IebIk Arc dialog box sMrab;KUrragmUl.
3-begáItbnÞHCBa¢aMg EdlRtUvbMBak;eBl eyIgBnøÚt (Extrude) eLIgelI.
4-eRCIserIs vtßúTaMgBIr BhubnÞat;ragGgát;bIkac; nig FñÚ.
5-cUltam Menu bar: Geometry>>Objects>>Extrude rW cuc BI Edit toolbar edIm,IBnøÚt
(Extrude).

• Object No: elxvtßú EdlRtUvKUr. vtßú GacCa bnÞat;/
BhubnÞat; rW kugTYr.
• Definition Method: eRCIserIs RbePTvtßúEdl RtUvKUr³
bnÞat;/ BhubnÞat; rW kugTYr.

• Geometry: sMrab; FrNImaRtrbs; BhubnÞat;
EdlRtUvKUr.
sMrab;KUrBhubnÞat;CaGgát;kac;.
sMrab;KUrBhubnÞat; ekItBIbNþaFñÚ³ edIm/ kNþal
nig cug.
sMrab;KUrBhubnÞat; ekItBIbNþaFñÚ³ edIm/ cug nig
kNþal.
• Parameters: GBaØtisMrab;BhubnÞat;.
• Apply: sMrab;cuc edIm,I bBa©Úl BhubnÞat; Edl )anKUr.

eRkayeBl KUrBhubnÞat;kMnt; ragGagTwkrYc/ eyIgRtUv begáItbnÞHCBa¢aMgGag munnwgeFVIkarBnøÚt
(Extrusion). ]TahrN¾³ eyIgbegáIt WallNo1 nig kMras; Th15 sMrab;bnÞHCBa¢aMg nig SlabNo1 nig
kMras; Th15 sMrab;kMral)atGag.

eyIg eRCIserIs vtßúTaMgGs; EdlRtUv ExtrudeedayeRbI
Menu bar: Edit>>Select….
kñúg Dropdown list eRCIserIsyk Object rYc cuc All

edIm,I erIsyk vtßúEdlRtUv BnøÚt.

cuc edIm,I ebIk Extrude dialogbox
• Vector: sMrab;BnøÚt edayeRbI vicTr½.
• || to axis: sMrab;BnøÚt Rsbnwg GkS½NamYy én RbBnæ½
kUGr½edaenskl.
• Top (base): sMrab;bBa¢ak;BITisénkarBnøÚt eTAelI
¬rWcuHeRkam¦.
• New object: sMrab;dak; elxfμIeGay vtßúEdlnwg
BnøÚtrYc.
• Apply: sMrab;GnuvtþkarBnøÚt.
kugTYr ctuekaN/ rgVg; rW kugTYr bitCit minGac Extrude )aneT. eRkayeBl Extruding CBa¢aMg Ca
Cladding edIm,IeGayva køayCa CBa¢aMgTb;kMlaMg eyIgRtUv lubva rYc ehARtlb;vij (Undo).
6-eyIgGacbMBak; bnÞHkMralenA)at. ]> bnÞH SlabNo1 nig kMral Th15.

1-12-5- TYrGagTwk ¬brivtþ¦

1-begáIt RbBnæ½GkS½ dUcxag eRkam³
X and Y: 1.5-0.8-0.2-0.2-0.8-1.5 .
Z: 4@5-0.8-1.5-1-0.5 .
2-KUrBhubnÞat; Edl eGayrag Bak;kNþal rbs;e)a:gTwk
sMrab;brivtþ. BhubnÞat;enH enA kñúgbøg; XZ nig TItaMg
Y=2.5m.
3-KUrFñwmekagEdlRTGagTwk nigman Ggát;p©it D=2m p©it O=(2.5,2.5,20.0). FñwmekagenH sßitenAkñúg

bøg; XY nig manTItaMg Z=20.0m.
4-bgVil ¬rW brivtþ¦ BhubnÞat; EdlkMnt;rag e)a:gTwk CuMvij GkS½ Rsbnwg Z nigman Gr½edaen X=2.5,
Y=2.5. edIm,Ibrivtþ/ eyIgGaccUltam Menu bar: Edit>>Substructure Modification>>Object
Modification….

• Object Edit box: sesrelx rbs; vtßúEdlRtUv
bMElg.
• Add object modification: (Extrude, Revolve,
sMrab;eRCIserIs RbePTbMElg.
Along polyline):
• Object modification parameters: sMrab;bBa©Úl
lkçN³én karbMElgvtßú.
• eRkayeBl bBa©ÚlTinñny½ rYc eyIgRtUv cuc Apply
button.

edIm,IP¢it)ate)a:gTwk eyIgRtUveRbI bnÞHkMral ragrgVg;Edlman
kaM R=1m nig manp©itenAelIGkS½brivtþ ehIysßitenA elIbøg;
XY Edlman TItaMg Z=20.8m.
5-KUrsrsr nig FñwmBRgwgsrsr. eRbIsrsr cMnYn 4 nig Fñwmrwb srsr enAry³kMBs; 5m, 10m nig
15m. srsrTMhM 300mmx300mm nig Fñwm 300mmx500mm.
k-KUrsrsrBIr kñúgbøg; XZ edayP¢ab;BI cMnuc A(X=0, Z=0) eTAcMnuc B(X=1.5, Z=20) nig cMnuc
C(X=5, Z=0) eTAcMnuc D(X=3.5, Z=20).
x-KUrsrsrBIr kñúgbøg; YZ edayP¢ab;BI cMnuc E(Y=0, Z=0) eTAcMnuc F(Y=1.5, Z=20) nig cMnuc
G(Y=5, Z=0) eTAcMnuc H(Y=3.5, Z=20).
K-begáItcMnucRbsBV rvag srsr TaMgbYn CamYynwgbøg; XY EdlmanTItaMg Z=5m, 10m nig Z=15m.
kñúgkarbegáIt cMnucRbsBVenH eyIgeRbI bBa¢ar Divide edaycUltam³
• cuc BI Edit toolbar.
• tam Menu bar: Edit>>Divide...
X-eRkayeBl)an cMnuc elIsrsrrYcehIy eyIgP¢ab;FñwmedIm,IBRgwgsrsr.

Generate nodes without bar/edge division: sMrab;begáIt tMn rWÉ Ggát;TaMgmUl min)anEckCa
Ggát;tUceT.

1-12-6- bnÞúelIépÞ
1-12-6-1- bnÞúkrayesμI
1-12-6-2- sMBaFTwk
sMBaFTwk GacGnuvtþelICBa¢aMg nwg )atGagTwk eday³
Menu bar: Loads>>Load definition…>>Surface>>Hydraulic pressure .
rW cucu rYc >>Surface>>Hydraulic pressure.
1-begáItkrNIbnÞúk EdlCa Hydraulic pressure.
2-kMnt;RbePTbnÞúk edayyk Surface load>> hydraulic pressure. eyIgnwg)an Pressure dialog
box.

• Pressure:
→ Constant part; pressure value P: sMrab;bBa©Úl
tMélsMBaF bEnßm EpñkxagelI.
→ Variable part; Unit weight of liquid:
sMrab;bBa©ÚltMél én TMgn;maD rbs;snÞnIy¾.
tMélGacbBa©Úl viC¢man rW GviC¢man eTAtamTisedA
RtUvkar.
• Load action range
→ Liquid level: sMrab;bBa©Úl kMritkMBs;snÞnIy¾ EdlRtUv
pþl;sMBaF elICBa¢aMg.
→ According to axis: sMrab;bBa¢ak; BITisedA énkarKUr
düaRkamsMBaF. –Z KWsMBaFFMenAeRkam rWÉ Z KWsMBaF

FMenAelI.
eRkayeBlbBa©ÚlTinñny½rYc/ cuc Add edIm,IGnuvtþsMBaF CabnÞúkEdlRtUv dak;elI bnÞH.
3-Gnuvtþ sMBaFelI bnÞHCBa¢aMg nig bnÞH)at.

4-bþÚrTisedAénsMBaFelIbnÞH. eyIgeXIjfa sMBaFmanTisedA xusTisedAsMBaFCak;Esþg dUecñH sMrab;
bnÞHNaEdl mansMBaFbRBa©as;Tis RtUv bþÚr RbBnæ½GkS½.
Menubar: Geometry>>Properties>>Local Panel Direction…. rW
cuc BI Structure definition toolbar.
sMrab; bBa¢areGay bþÚr

• Change of local Z axis sense:
TisedArbs;sMBaF kñúgTiesedA pÞúy.

• Definition of local X axis direction in the coordinate
system: sMrab;bþÚr rW kMnt; TisedA rbs; X tMbn; (Local
X) .
• Panel: sMrab; bBa©Úlelx bnÞH EdlRtUv GnuvtþkarbþÚr
RbBnæ½GkS½tMbn;.

Dialogbox xagelI nwg ekItman eBlEdl eyIgKNna tMrUvkarsrésEdk edaymin KNnaeRKOgbgÁúM rW
eBlEdl ebIÉksar edaycg;KNna srésEdk edayePøcKNnarcnasm<næ½sarCafμI.
eyIg GacemIldüaRkam m:Um:g; tambøg;kat; dUcbgðaj kñúgrUbTMagBIr xageRkam. rUbTaMgBIr bgðajxusKña
edaysarkareRbI RbBnæ½GkS½eBldak; bnÞúk nigkardak;bnÞúk.

rUbxagelI eyIgeRbIbnÞúk dUcKñaTaMgGs;sMrab; bnÞHnImYy rYceyIgdUr RbBnæ½GkS½tMbn; rbs; bnÞHNaEdl
manbnÞúk minFak;ecjeRkA. edaysakardUrRbBnæ½GkS½ eFVIeGay düaRkam m;Um:g; rbs; bnÞHEdlbþÚrGkS½
mandüaRkambRBa¢as;.

sMrab; rUbxagelIenH/ eyIgminbþÚrRbBnæ½GkS½eT edIm,IeGay bnÞúksMBaFFak;ecjeRkA eyIg RtUveRbI tMél
m:asmaDTwk GviC¢man sMrab;bnÞH EdlkMlaMgFak; bRB¢as;Tisrbs;RbBnæ½skl.
kñúgkrNITaMgBIrxagelI srésEdk eXIjdUcKña.
snæisBaØam:Um:g;rbs;kMralsMrab;bMlas;TInigrgVilmuM
snæisBaØam:Um:g;rbs;kMralsMrab;kMlaMgkñúg
]TahrN¾³ cUKNnaGagTwkragsuILaMg Edlman kMBs; H=3m nig manGgát;p©it D=2m. GagTwk

eFVIBIebtugGarem Edl ebtugman f’ =25MPa nig bMBak;EdkEdlman f =400MPa. kMras;kMral)atKW
c y
15cm rWÉ kMras;CBa¢aMgKW 10cm.

1-12-7- bnÞúkBiess
1-12-7-1- bnÞúksMBaFdI
sMBaFrbs;Tak;Tgnwg kMras;RsTab;dI/ lkçN³emkanIk rbs;dI/ kMritkMBs;TwkeRkamdI/
CMerrbs;CBa¢aMgTb;dI/ CMerrbs;RsTab;dI/ KMlatCBa¢aMgnwg rcnasm<næ½epSg nig CMerAbgáb; CBa©aMgkñúg dI.
sMKal;³ kMritkMBs; (Level) rbs;dIRsTab;TImYy bBa¢ak;BIkMritEdlCBa¢aMgbgáb;kñúgdI nig Ca kMritEdlGac
mansMBaFdI. eyIgGac ebIk Dialog box of Soil loads )antamviFIxageRkam³
tam Menubar: Loads>>Special Loads>>Soil pressure…. rW
cuc BI Special loads toolbar edIm,IebIk Dialog box of Soil loads.
• Panel: sMrab; kardak;bnÞúkelICBa¢aMg. Ednén

kardak;bnÞúkGac kMnt;eday Define EdltMrUv
eGayKUr kugTYrCaépÞ rW kMnt;edaykarerIs elx
bnÞHcUl kñúg List of objects.
• Bars: sMrab;dak;bnÞúkelI ssreRkamdI.
• Load direction: sMrab;bBa¢ak; BITisedArbs;
sMBaF eFobnwg RbBnæ½GkS½tMbn;.

• Parameter: sMrab;bBa©Úl Tinñny½ dI.

• Panel: sMrab; kardak;bnÞúkelICBa¢aMg.
• Bars: sMrab;dak;bnÞúkelI r)arEdlCa ssr
eRkamdI. ssr GacerIseday bBa©Úlelx eTAkñúg
List of objects.
• Spacing: sMrab;bBa¢ak;KMlat rbs;ssreRkamdI.
• Load direction: sMrab;bBa¢ak; BITisedArbs;
sMBaF eFobnwg RbBnæ½GkS½tMbn;.

→ Local:GacbBa¢ak; TisedAsMBaF eFobnwg
GkS½ tMbn;. PZ+, PZ-, PY+,PY- rW muM γ.
→ Global: bBa¢ak;TisedAtam GkS½skl.
edIm,IbBa©ÚlTinñny½ dI/ eyIgcuc Parameters eyIgnwg)an Soil pressure dialog box.
kñúg Soil pressure

dialog box/ man
Soil Tab, Loads
tabnig Results
tab.
Soils tab sMrab;
bBa©Úl Tinñny½
Tak;Tg nwg dI.
Loads tab
sMrab;bBa©ÚlTinñny½
rbs;bnÞúkelI
RsTab;dI.
Results tabsMrab;emIllTæpl énsMBaFdI kñúgTMrg; CadüaRkam.
1-Soils³ manTinñny½EdlRtUvbBa©ÚldUcteTA³
• Soil level: KWCa kMritkMBs;rbs;dI GacbBa©Úl eday bBa©Úl tMél kñúgtarag RsTab;dI xageRkam
vuIndU.
• Soil inclination: CatMélénmuMCMerl rbs;dI.
• Wall inclination: CamuMCMerlrbs; CBa¢aMg.
• f/H: tMélénbMlas;TIcugrbs;CBa¢aMg/ vabBa¢ak; fasMBaFCasMBaFTb; rW CasMBaFruj¬Fak;¦.
• Distance to other object: cMgayrvag CBa©aMg nwg sMNg;d¾éT.
• Underground water level: KWCakMritkMBs;TwkeRkamdI.
• Edit soil database: KWsMrab;ebItaragRbePTdI Edlman rW bBa©úlTinñny½CalkçN³rbs;RbePTdI.
• Profile: KWCaeQμaHÉksar RsTab;dIEdl )an rkSaTuk.
• enAEpñkxageRkamnigxageqVg/ mantarag Edl sMrab;begáItRbePTRsTab;dI (Soil profile).
cuckñúgbnÞat;én kUelan Name eyIgnwg)an Droplist EdlGaceGayeyIg eRCIserIs RbePTdI
RBmTaMglkçN³rbs;va rYceyIg sresr kMritkMBs; rbs;dICaRsTab;².
edIm,I bBa©ÚlRbePTdI nig lkçN³rbs;dI eyIgRtUv cuc Edit soil database eyIg nwg)an Soil database
dialog box dUcxageRkam³

edIm,IbbBa©ÚllkçN³epSg Edl Kμankñúgtarag RtUvcuc
eRkayeBl begáIt
RbePT RsTab; dIrYc
eyIg )an tarag dUcxag
sþaM.
2-Loads: sMrab;bBa©Úl bnÞúkEdlman GMeBIelIdI ehIy EdlGacman\TæiBl dl;CBa¢aMg. bnÞúkenaHGac
Ca bnÞúkÉksNæanelIépÞ (Uniform load)/ bnÞúkrayelIépÞkMnt; (Distributed load) nig bnÞúkbnÞat;
(linear load).
eyIgGac erIs yk
bTdæanén kar
KNna \TæiBlbnÞúk
elI CBa¢aMg)an
eday cuc Rtg;
Pressure
distribution
according to:

eBlbBa©Úl RbePTbnÞúk EdlmanGMeBIelIdI eyIgcucRtg;kUelan Category eyIgGac erIsyk
RbePTbnÞúk )an.
3-Results: sMrab;GanlTæplsMBaF EdlmanGMeBIelI CBa¢aMg. eyIgGacemIldüaRkam sMBaF rbs;dI

elICBa¢aMg EdlbNþalBIdI/ BIRbePTbnÞúkelIdI nig GacemIl sMeNAKNna edaycuc Calculation
note. CacugeRkay/ eyIgRtUvcuc Apply edIm,IbBa©Úl bnÞúk sMBaF sMrab;GnuvtþelICBa¢aMg.

eRkayeBl sMBaF )anKNna rYcral;ehIy/ eyIgGac
Gnuvtþ sMBaF elICBa¢aMg NamYyk¾)an eday vayelx
bnÞH kñúg List of objects.
]TahrN¾³ KNnaGagTwkkb;dI ragRbeLBIEb:tEkg EdlmakMBs; H=2m beNþay L=10m, TTwg

b=5m nig kb;dICMerA D=1.8m edaydwgfa TwkGaceBj nig GacKμan ehIy dICabnÞúkefr. dICaRbePT
Clayey gravels. ebtug f’ =25MPa, Edkman f =400MPa.

c y
1-12-7-2- r)aykarbnÞúk
eyIg Gac eFVIr)aykarN¾ bnÞúk)an eday cuc BI Special load toolbar. rW cUltam Menubar:
Loads>>Special loads>>Load report….

eyIg GacbegáIt bnÞúkfμI edaysresr cUleTAkñúg Edit load database. edIm,IebIk Edit load database
dialogbox/ eyIg cuc Edit load database button. kñúg Data table/ eyIg Gacsresr eQμaHbnÞúkfμI nig
tMélbnÞúk Edl Tak;Tgnwg RbePTbnÞúk (Load Type) Edlcat;kñúg RkumepSg² (Group).
edIm,IbegáIt Rkum (Group) eyIgcuc Group definition button rYcsresr eQμaHRkum nig eRCIserIs
RbePT (Type) EdlcaM)ac;.

edIm,I begáItRbePT (Type)/ eyIgcuc Type definition button eyIgnwgGac sresreQμaHRbePT nig
bBa¢ak; RbePTbnÞúk EdlGacCa bnÞúkmaD rWbnÞúképÞ.

kñúg Load report dialogbox/ eyIgGac
Load set: sMrab;begáIt sMnuMbnÞúk EdleyIg GacemIleBleRkay)an.
New: sMrab;begáIt Loadset fμI.
Save: sMrab;rkSaeQμaH Loadset.
Delete: sMrab;lubeQμaH Loadset ecal.
Note: sMrab;Gan r)aykarN¾ Loadset Ca ÉksarGtßbT.

1-12-7-3- bnÞúkxül;
bnÞúkxül; elIGKar GacKNnanig GnuvtþelIeRKOgbgÁúM GKar)an edayeRbI bBa¢artam Menubar:
Loads>>Special loads>>Wind and snow 2D/3D… rW edaycuc BI Special load toolbar.
bnÞúkxül; manGMeBIelIGKar tamkarbBa¢ÚnbnÞúk rbs; CBa¢aMg Edl karbBa¢ÚnsMBaFxül; eTACa
bnÞúkrayesμI elIFñwm rW srsr GaceFVItamBIrTisrWmYyTis. CBa¢aMg Edl eRbIsMrab;rgsMBaFxül; CaRbePT
épÞ (Face) EdlCa Cladding . Cladding eRbIsMrab;Et karbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkryelIépÞ eTAelI Ggát;EdlRTépÞ/
va mincUlrYm RTRTg;GKareT ehIy vaKμanTMgn;pÞal;xøÜnvaeT. dUecñH munnwg KNnaGMeBI xül;elIGKar eyIg
RtUv begáIt Cladding.
cUltam Geometry>>Additional Attributes>>Cladding…rW
cuc BI Special load toolbar.
eyIg GacbegáIt Cladding fμI nigGnuvtþ kugTYr NamYy eGay

eTACa Cladding.

• sMrab;erIs BN¾rbs;épÞTb;xül;.
Color:
• Label: sMrab;dak;eQμaHrbs;épÞTb;xül;.
• Load direction: sMrab;bBa¢ak; BITisénkarbBa¢ÚnbnÞúk.
bBa¢ÚnsMBaFxül;tamBIrTis
/ bBa¢ÚnsMBaFtamTisedk rW tamTisQ.
• Load distribution: sMrab; bBa¢ak;BIRbePT én karRbmUl
bnÞúk.
→ Trapezoidal and triangular method
→ Grillage analysis method.
karKUr Cladding³ eyIgGacKUrtamBIrviFIepSgKña.

1-KUr Cladding edaykarGnuvtþ Cladding Edl)anbegáIt eTAelI kugTYr EdlmanRsab;.
2-KUr Cladding edayeRbIkugTYr. CadMbUg eyIgRtUv eFVI Cladding Edl cg;KUr eGayCaskmμ rYc KUr
Contour elIeRKOgbgÁúM edayRtUvykCMerIs Face.

Cladding KWCa Object. eyIgRtUv eRCIserIs Cladding Edlrgnwg xül; munnwg KNnaGMebIxül;.

edaycuc BI Special load toolbar. edIm,I ebI Dialogbox sMrab;KNna xül;.
• Define: sMrab;KUr Cladding ebI Kμan.
• Wind: sMrab; bBa©Úlelx Cladding ebIman.
• Snow: sMrab; bBa©Úlelx Cladding ebIman.
• Parameter: sMrab;bBa©ÚlGBaØatþiKNna GMeBIxül;.

Wind direction: sMrab;bBa¢ak;BImuMTisrbs; xül;bk;
Site: sMrab;bBa¢alsßanPaBtMbn;. Exposed, Normal and Obscured
Type: sMrab;bBa¢ak;RbePTxül;. Normal and extreme
eRkayeBl bBa©Úl ninñny½rYc cuc Apply eyIgnwg)an tMélbnÞúk EdlmandUcbgðaj kñúg Dialogbox
xageRkam.
cuc Generate edIm,I GnuvtþbnÞúk elIeRKOgbgÁúM.

1-12-7-4- bnÞúkcracrN¾ nig ExSekag\TæiBl
bnÞúkcracrN¾ KWCa bnÞúkyanynþ rW rfePøIg EdlCa bnSMén bnÞúkcMnuc manGMeBIelI eRKOgbgÁúM. karsikSa
\TæiBlrbs; bnÞúkcracrN¾ KW EsVgrkTItaMgeRKaHfñak; EdlRtUv dak;bnÞúk EdlGac R)ab;)an edayeRbI
ExSekag\TæiBl. ExSekag\TæiBl én plkMlaMgmYy Rtg;muxkat;NamYy KWCa sMnuMcMnuc Edlman
Gr½edaen CatMélénplkMlaMg ehIyGab;suIsCa TItaMg bnÞúkÉkta clt½elIeRKOgbgÁúM. ehIy eyIgk¾Gac
KNnaExSekag\TæiBl rbs; plkMlaMg én bnÞúkrfynþRKb;RbePT )an.
edIm,IKNna ExSekag\TæiBl eyIgRtUveFVIdUcteTA³
1-KUr rcnasm<næ½EdlRtUvsikSa. ]TahrN¾³ KUrFñwmmYyRbEvg 20m.
2-begáItkrNIbnÞúk nig karkMnt;bnÞúkcracrN¾
3-KNna rYc emIlExSekag\TæiBl.
sMKal;³ eyIgGacKNnasMrab;rcnasm<næ½ 3D rW 2D )an eTaHbnÞúkcracrN¾Ca 3D k¾eday. kñúgkrNI
rcnasm<næ½ 2D bnÞúkfrynþ CabnþúMbnÞúkcMnuc rbs;ePøAnImYy².
2-karbegáItkrNIbnÞúknigkarkMnt;bnÞúkcracrN¾ KWeFVIdMNalKña eday eRbI bBa¢ar Moving loads. bBa¢a

Moving Loads GaccUl)antam
Menubar: Loads>>Special loads>>Moving… rW
edaycuc BI Special loads toolbar.

eyIg mantarag RbePTrfynþ nig begáIt RbePTrfynþ
epSgeTot)an.
• Case: sMrab;bBa©Úl elx nig eQμaH krNIbnÞúk.
• Route-polyline: sMrab;kMnt;Tisclnarbs;rfynþ.
→ Define: sMrab;kMnt;Tisrfynþ edayKUr BhubnÞat;.
→ Parameters: sMrab; bBa¢ak;kMlaMg d¾éTeTot dUcCa
RhVaMgTTwg rW beNþay.
→ Step: bBa¢ak;BI CMhansMrab;KNna.
→ Load direction: TisedA rbs; kMlaMg.

• Application plane:
→ Automatic: GnuvtþkMlaMgelIeRKOgbgÁúM
→ Selection: GnuvtþkMlaMg elIeRKOgbgÁúM Edl
eRCIserIs.
→ Consider vehicle dimensions: KitbBa©ÚlBI vimaRt rbs;rfynþ Edl)an kMNt; kñúgkarbegáIt
bnÞúkcracrN¾.
edIm,IbBa¢Úl RbePTrfynþ BI Vehicle database rW begáItrfynþfμI cUlkñúgtarag eday cucelI BI
Moving loads dialogbox. eyIgnwg TTYl Dialogbox sMrab;begáItrfynþfμI.
• Code (base): sMrab; eRCIserIs Tinñny½rfynþ.
• Vehicle name: sMrab; eRCIserIs eQμaHrfynþ BI Tinñny½rfynþ.
• New: sMrab; begáIt RbePTrfynþfμI.
• Save database: sMrab;rkSaRbePTbnÞúk.
• Symmetric vehicles: sMrab;bBa©Úl bnÞúkrfynþmanGkSqøúH/ bnÞúkEdlbBa©Úl Ca bnÞúkePøA én
kg;TaMgBIr EdlqøúHKña eFobnwg GkS½rfynþ.

• Arbitrary vehicles: sMrab;bBa©Úl bnÞúkrfynþKμanGkS½qøúH/ bnÞúk EdlbBa©Úl Ca bnÞúkkg;.
• Vehicle limits: sMrab;kMnt;TMhMrfynþ ebIman.

→ b:sMrab;kMnt; TTwgrfynþ.
→ d1: sMrab;kMnt; RbEvgrvag bnÞúk BIEKmmuxrbs;rfynþ.
→ d2: sMrab;kMnt; RbEvgrvag bnÞúk BIEKmeRkayrfynþ.
kñúgkarbBa©ÚlbnÞúk/ eyIgbBa©ÚlbnÞúkxageRkam³
1- concentrated force bnÞúkcMnuc
a) Symmetric vehicles: rfynþqøúH
F- tMélénbnÞúk rbs;ePøAEcknwg 2 ¬bnÞúkkg;nImYykñúgePøA¦.
X – TItaMgrbs;bnÞúkePøA.
S – KMlatkg;kñúgePøAEtmYy.
b) Asymmetric vehicles:
FX, FY, FZ – tMélbnÞúkrbs;kg;mYy²
X – Gab;suIsrbs;bnÞúk RsbnwgGkS½rfynþ.
Y – kUGr½edaenrbs;bnÞúk Ekgnwg GkS½rfynþ.
2- linear load bnÞúkbnÞat; ¬raykñúgmYyEmRt¦

a) Symmetric vehicles:
Q– tMélrbs;bnÞúkrayesμI
X – Gab;suIsrbs;bnÞúk tambeNþayGkS½rfynþ.
S – KMlatbnÞúktamTisEkgnwg GkS½rfynþ.
Dx – RbEvgGnuvtþ bnÞúk rbs;kg;mYy². RbEvgenH Rsbnwg GkS½rfynþ.
Dy – RbEvgbnÞúkGnuvtþ rbs; kg;mYy². RbEvgenH Ekgnwg GkS½rfynþ. tMél Dx nig Dy
manmYy Gt;mYy.
Compared to symmetric vehicles, instead of the S value there is
Y - coordinate value of the point where the force is applied (perpendicularly to the
vehicle axis)
3- planar load
a) Symmetric vehicles:
P- value of a planar load
X - coordinate value of the line along which the force is applied (along the vehicle
axis)
S - width of planar load spacing (only in the Y axis direction)
Dx - length of a rectangle side upon which a load is acting (along the vehicle axis)
Dy - length of a rectangle side upon which a load is acting (perpendicularly with
respect to the vehicle axis)
Compared to symmetric vehicles, instead of the S value there is
Y - coordinate value of the point where the force is applied (perpendicularly to the
vehicle axis)
eyIgGacbegáIt Database sMrab;RbePTrfynþ Edl Kμankñúgtarag)an EdleGayeday bTdæan)an.

edIm,I)an rkSaTuk RbePTbnÞúk kñúg User’s database/ eyIgRtUv begáIt Userdatabase kñúg Job
preference edaycUlkñúg database>>vehicle database rYc cuc Create user’s database button.
eRkayeBlbegáItrYc/ RKb;bnÞúk rfynþ EdlbegáIteday user GacrkSaTukkñúg user database )an.

]TahrN¾
begáIt Liveload case: PointLoad
1-cuc bnÞúk PointLoad Edl)anbegáIt ehIykñúg taragrfynþ.
2-ssreQμaHkrNIbnÞúk PointLoad kñúg Name (Case).
3-cuc Define edIm,IkMnt; Tisrt;rbs;rfynþ ¬eRbI BhubnÞat;¦
4-kMnt;CMhanénkarrMkilbnÞúk
5-kMnt;TisedAbnÞúk (0,0,-1) manny½fa bnÞúkmanTisedAcuHeRkam.
6-cuc Apply eBlenaH krNIbnÞúknwgekItmankñúg tarag krNIbnÞúk.

eRkayeBl karbegáIt RbePTrfynþ mYy²/
krNIbnÞúk nwg bgðajkñúg tarag RbePTbnÞúk.
CacugeRkayeyIg cuc Apply munnwg
eFVIkarKNna.
3-emIlExSekag\TæiBl
eRkaycuc Calculate button rYc cUlemIlExSekag\TæiBl tam³ Results>>Advances>>Influence
lines….

karemIlPaBynþ rbs;rcynþ clt½elIFñwm³ eyIgGacemIl edaycUltam Loads>>Select case
component… rWcuc eyIgnwg )an dialog box xageRkam.
Numbber of components: bBa¢ak; cMnYnCMhan Edlman.
Current component: kMnt;TItaMgCMhan Edlcg; clt½bnÞúk.
Load position: TItaMgbnÞúk.
Create a case from component: sMrab;begáIt krNIbnÞúk BI
TItaMgNamYy.
Animation: sMrab;emIlPaBynþénkarclt½ bnÞúk.
Apply:sMrab;GnuvtþTItaMgNamYy rbs;bnÞúk.

]TahrN¾³
KNnaExSekag\TæiBl rbs;Fñwm (W16x40) 2D EdlmanRbEvg 12m. nig emIlPaBynþ düaRkam rbs;
m:Um:g; nig kMlaMgkat;TTwg eRkamkarclt½bnÞúkxageRkam.
1-eRkambnÞúkÉkta
2-eRkambnÞúk HS20.
1-12-8- rcnasm<næ½kñúglMh
1-12-8-1- FñwmExVg
1-12-8-2- eRKagGKar

2- karKNnamuxkat;
2-1- karKNnaFñwmCab;
karKNnaFñwmCab; EtgCYbRbTHeRcIn edayeRKagGKar RtUvP¢ab;BImYy eTAmYy edIm,I)an Ca RbBnæ½lMh.
eyIg GaccUl edaycuc New project button rYc cucyk rUbFñwm.
FñmCab;
• Number of identical beams: cMnYn

FñwmdUcKña.
• Total beam length: RbEvgsrub
rbs;Fñwm KitBIEKmeRkA. tMél
manCasVy½Rbvtþ eBlbEnßm FñwmfμI.
• Total number of span: CacMnYn ElVg
rbs;FñwmCab;.
• Cantilever-
→ Left: sMrab;begáIt FñwmlyxageqVg.
→ Right: sMrab;begáItFñwmlyxagsþaM.

• Automatic numbering: span and support: sMrab;dak;elxCasVy½Rbvtþ eTAeGay ElVg nigTMrfμI.
ebImin KUsva enaH ElVg nig TMrfμInwgmaneQμaHdUckarbBa©Úlkñúg Span geometry.
• Add span: sMrab;bEnßmElVg Edlman RbEvg nig muxkat; niglkçN³epSgeTot dUcTinñny½dMbUg
rbs;m:asuIn. cMnYnElVg EdlRtUvbEnßm bBa¢ak;)aneday RbGb;elx Ek,enaH.

• Copy span: sMrab;ftcMlg ElVg nigmuxkat; RBmTaMg lkçN³epSgeTot rbs; ElVgskmμ Edl
lkçN³TaMgenaH GacminEmn Ca Tinñny½skmμ. cMnYnftcMlg GacbBa©Úl)an tamRbGb;elxEk,

enaH.
• Delete span: sMrab;lub ElVgskmμ ehIy ElVgxagsþaM nwgkøayCaskmμ. eyIgGac
lubeRcInElVg)an eday cMnYnElVg rab;BIElVgskmμeTAsþaM.
→ Name: sMrab;bgðaj nig sresr

eQμaH rbs;Fñwm.
→ Length: sMrab;bBa©Úl RbEvgElVg.
Fix span length in axis sMrab;bit
karbBa©Úl RbEvgFñwm.
→ Left support: sMrab;bBa©ÚlTinñny½
rbs;TMr man³
→ Width: TTwg TMrssr
→ Name: sMrab;bgðaj nig sresr eQμaHTMr.

sMKal;³ eQμaHTMr nig FñwmGac bBa©Úl )ankalNa Automatic numbering minKUs.
→ Type: RbePTTMr. bgáb; (Fixed)/ cg (Pinned) nig bnþúb (Roller).
→ Concrete, masonry: RbePTrUbFatueRbIsMrab; TMr.
sMrab; Fñwmly/ Span geometry manTMrg;dUcxageRkam³

• Label: sMrab; dak;eQμaH muxkat;Edl RtUv
Gnuvtþ.
• Start: sMrab;bBa¢ak;TItaMg énkarcab;epþIm
rbs; muxkat;.
• End: sMrab;bBa¢ak;TItaMg énbBa©b;muxkat;
elIFñwm. FñwmmYyGacmanmuxkat; epSgKña

ehIy TItaMg bBa©ÚlCa tMél dac;xat én
RbEvg eFobnwg EKmkñúgrbs;TMr eqVg.
• Advanced: sMrab;ebIk Dialogbox sMrab;KNna sMNg;cak;eRsc (Precast elements).

karecaHRbehag rW bMBak;Fñwmrg
cuc
• Name: eQμaHRbehag rW
Fñwmrg.
• X local: Gab;suIsrbs;
cMnuccab; Rbehag rW Fñwmrg.
• Z local: Gr½edaen rbs;
cMnuccab;.
X KitBIEKmTMreqVgrbs;ElVg rWÉ Z KitBI)atFñwmEdlTabCageK kñúgcMenamFñwmTaMgGs;.
• Start: cMnuccab;rbs; Rbehag rW Fñwmrg.
• Lx, Lz: vimaRtrbs; Rbehag rW Fñwmrg tamGkS½ X, Z.
eRkayeBlbegáIt Rbehag nig Fñwmrg

rYc ehIy eyIgcg;Ek/ cuc sBaØa
¬eTAmux¦ ¬eTAeRkay¦
ehIyGac eFVI karEktMrUv tamRtUvkar.
• Modify sMrab;GnuvtþkarEktMrUv.
kardak;bnÞúk
cuc eyIg nwg)an Dialogbox sMrab;dak;bnÞúk.
• Case number: sMrab;bgðaj rW sresr elx krNIbnÞúk.
• Span: sMrab;bBa©Úl elxElVgEdl eyIgcg; GnuvtþbnÞúk.
• Nature: sMrab;eRCIserIs crikbnÞúk Gefr (live) rW efr (dead) rW efrnigGefr (dead+live)….

• Load category: sMrab; eRCIserIs RbePT bnÞúk³ bnÞúkrayesμI (Distributed loads)/ bnÞúk cMnuc
(Concentrated loads) nig bnÞúkelIépÞ (Surface loads (Planar loads)).
• Suspended: sMrab;bBa¢ak;BIbnÞúkPüÜr.
• Relative diemensions: sMrab;
bBa©Úl kUGr½edaen Ca RbEvg

eFob.
• Dimension chain: sMrab; bBa©Úl
kUGr½edaen CaRbEvgbnþ Kña.

• p1, p2, p3: tMélbnÞúk Rtg;cMnuc
bMErbMrYl r)aykMlaMg.
enAkñúg Dialogbox xagelI/ bnÞúkTImYy Ca bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn ehIy bnþbnÞab; Ca bnÞúkeRkArayesμId¾éTeTot.
karbBa©ÚlkMlaMgcMnuc.
• x1: CaGr½edaen rbs; bnÞúk TImYy.
• x2: CaKMlatGr½edaen rbs; kMlaMg
bnþbnÞab; eFobnwgkMlaMg mun.

• n: cMnYn kMlaMgcMnuc EdlRtUv dak;
elIFñwm.
• G, Q: tageGay erogKña bnÞúkefrnigGefr. va Gacman kalNa eyIg erIs crikbnÞúk
dead+live.

• α: muMRbmUlbnÞúk Rtg;edImFñwm
¬cugxageqVg¦.
• β: muMRbmUlbnÞúk Rtg;cugFñwm
¬cugxag sþaM¦.
• y: TTwgkMralEdlman \TæiBlelI
Fñwm.
sMrab;FñwmEdlRT kMralmYyTis.
/ sMrab;FñwmRTkMral BIrTis.

eRkayeBlcuc Calculations/ eBlNaman muxkat;
NamYy minCab; vanwgman bgðaj Calculation Errors
dialogbox. eyIgGac BinitüemIl cMnucxus rYceFVI
karEktMrUv muxkat; eLIgvij.

]TahrN¾³
1-KNnaFñwmCab;Edlman3ElVg KMlatrvagGkS½ 5m nig ElVglan1RbEvg 1,5m. Fñwmmanmuxkat;
300x500 mm nig man f’c = 25MPa, fy=400MPa. FñwmRTbnÞúkefr DL=17.5 kN/m,
LL=10kN/m. kMras;TMr 300mm.
2-KNnaFñwmCab;xageRkam

kalNa bBa©Úl bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn
rYceFVIkarKNna/ eyIgeXIjfa muxkat;manbBaða dUcbgðaj kñúg Dialogbox xageRkam³

edIm,IeGay RKb;muxkat;TaMgGs;epÞógpÞat; eyIgGac BRgIk muxkat;rW Ek Support moment
redistribution kñúg Advanced options én Calculation options rYceFVIkarKNna mþgeTot.

2-2- karKNnakMral
sMrab;KNnakMral
KUrRbBnæGkS½sMrab; KUrkMral
X: 3@5
Y: 3@7
KUrkMral EdlmaneQμaH Slab5x7 nig kMras;
TH12.
dak;TMrcgelICBa¢aMg (PinnedWall).
dak;bnÞúk DL=-2.5 kN/m2 and LL=-3 kN/m2.

cuc Calculate edIm,I KNna Required Reinforcement.

cuc rYccuc (Calculate) edIm,IKNna Provided Reinforcement.
2-3- ssr
karKNnassr

cuc edIm,I bBa©ÚlTinñny½ vimaRtmuxkat; rW bBa©Úl tMélkñúg Section Dialogbox Etmþg.
cuc edIm,IbBa©Úl RbEvgssr.

• Number of elements: cMnYnssrEdlKNna.
• L: RbEvgssr rvag kMritkMBs;kMral.
• H : kMBs;Fñwm.
b
• H : kMBs;kMral.
p

cuc edIm,IbBa©ÚlTinñny½ GMBI lkçxNÐcugTMrrbs;ssr.
• Non-sway: sMrab;ssr miner.
• Sway:sMrab; ssr manPaBer.
• L and L : RbEvg ssr rvag kMritkMBs;

vy vz
kMral.
• k , k : emKuNrlas; tamTis X nigTis
y z
Y.

cuc edIm,I bBa©ÚlbnÞúkelIssr.
bBa©ÚlTinñny½dUcxageRkam³
cuc bBa©ÚlGBaØtþitamCan;.

cuc edIm,IbBa©Úl Calculation options.

cuc edIm,I bBa©Úl Reinforcement Pattern.

epÞógpÞat; ltæpl edaycUl kñúg edIm,IemIl ExSekag
GnþrkmμkMlaMg nwgm:Um:g; (M-N interaction curve). rWcuc edIm,IemIlemKuNsuvtßiPaB.

elImuxkat; ³ BN’elOgtMnag sgát;/
BN’RbepHtMnag Taj.
M max ³ m:Um:g;RTRTg; edaymuxkat; kñúgkrNIman
kMlaMgbeNþay N.
N max ³ kMlaMgRTRTg; edaymuxkat; kñúgkrNIman
m:Um:g; M.
N ³ kMlaMgGb,rma eBlEdlman m:Um:g; M.
min
emKuNsuvsßiPaB Mmax/M, Nmax/N, Vmax/V GacemIltamRbePTbnSMbnÞúk)anedayRKan;Etcuc
elIbnSMbnÞúk Edlmankñúg bBa¢IrbnSMbnÞúk.

kñúgkrNI]TahrN¾enH/ eyIgeXIjfa vicTr½rbs; M-N sßitenAeRkA ExSekagGnþrkmμ ehIy
emKuNsuvtßiPaBtUcCag 1/ dUecñH ssrminGacRTbnÞúk)aneT eyIgRtUv BRgIkmuxkat;ssr.
muxkat;ssr eRkaykarbþÚr. eyIgeFVIkarKNna sarCafμI
eyIg)an lTæpldUcxageRkam³

2-4- karKNnaRKwH
RKwHrak;

cuc edIm,I bBa©ÚlTinñny½ Tak;Tgnwg vimaRt rbs;RKwHnigssr.
• General: sMrab;bBa©Úl vimaRtTUeTA rbs;
RKwH.
• Foundation type: sMrab; erIsRbePT RKwH
Ca RKwHdac; rWRKwHCBa¢aMg.
• Foundation geometry: sMrab; erIs
RbePT FrNImaRtrbs; RKwH.

• A, B, h1, h2, h4, a, b, ex, ey: KWCa
vimaRt EdleGay kñúgrUb.

• Fixed: KUssMrab; kMnt;tMéldac;xat/
ebIminKUs enaH tMél nig EkERbeTArk

PaBsmRbkb.

• Pier: sMrab;RbePTssr P¢ab;nwg eCIgtag
• Plain: ssr nig kssr EtmYy.
• Doweled: ssr manTMhMxusBI kssr.
• Bolted: ssrcab;b‘ULúgCamYynwg kssr.
• Dimensions: sMrab;kMnt;vimaRt ssrelI k
ssr.
• Optimization: sMrab; sikSalkçxNÐ

smRbkb rbs;TMhMEPñnRKwH.
• Without limits: sMrab;rkPaBsmRbkb
edayKμankMnt;.
• Sqare footing: sMrab;rkPaBsmRbkb
eday rUbrag EPñnRKwHCakaer.

• Fixed ratio of footing sides: sMrab;
PaBsmRbkb EdlkMnt; eday pleFob

A/B bBa¢ak;eday RbGb; A/B.
• Homothetic footing: sMrab;rk

PaBsmRbkb edayrkSa smamaRt vimaRt
ssr nwg vimaRtEPñnRKwH (a/b=A/B).
• Equal offsets: sMrab;rkSa KMlatp©itesμIKña RKb;RCug.

• Limited by adjacent footing (m): sMrab;bBa¢ak;BI KMlatRKwH eTAEdnkMnt; mYyEdl RKwHminKYr
BRgIkdl;.
• Moment transferred to the ground beam: sMrab;bBa©ak; karbBa¢Ún cMEnkm:Um:g;Rklab; elIRKwH
eTAkan; FñwmRKwH.
cuc edIm,IbBa©ÚlTinñny½RsTab;dI
• Backfill height: KWCa kMBs;dIcak;bMeBj elIEPñnRKwH.

• Pier level: KWCakMritkMBs;Edl cMnucedImssr.
• Minimum reference level: KWCa kMritkMBs; )atEPñnRKwH.
• Ground water level: sMrab;bBa¢ak; kMritkMBs;TwkeRkamdI EdlGacCa kMritkMBs;Gb,brma
(minimum level) nig kMritkMBs;Gtibrma (maximum level).

• Stress

→ Calculated: sMrab;karKNna Edl lkçN³rbs;dI nig vimaRtrbs;RKwH ykmkKit edIm,I
KNnakMlaMgRTRTg; rbs; RKwH.
→ Allowable: sMrab; karKNna Edl PaBFn;rbs;dI ykmk KitCaeKal kñúgkarKNna
kMlaMgRTRTg; srub.
eyIgGac EktMrUv rW bEnßmRbePTRsTab;dI eday cuc Edit database button ehIy eyIgk¾Gac rkSa rW ebIk
RbePTRsTab;dI EdlmanRsab;. CacuceRkay eyIgRtUvcuc Apply button.
cuc edIm,IebIk Foundation load Dialogbox.

• sMrab;bnÞúkQ EtmYy.
• sMrab;bnÞúkQ nig
m:Um:g;mYyTis.
• sMrab;bnÞúkQ nig m:Um:g;
BIrTis.
• Nature: RbePTcrikbnÞúk.
• Case: sMrab;sresr eQμaHkrNIbnÞúk.

• Load category: sMrab;eRCIserIscMnat;fñak;bnÞúk Edlman bnÞúkRKwH (Foundation load) nig
bnÞúkdIcak;bMeBj (Backfill load).
cuc edIm,IebIk Storey parameter dialogbox.

cuc edIm,IebIk Geotechnical options Dialogbox.
cuc edIm,IebIk Calculation options Dialogbox.

General
• Cover: sMrab;bBa©Úl tMél
kMras; RsTab;karBar.
→ c : sMrab; RsTab;karBar
1
)atEPñnRKwH.
→ c : sMrab; RsTab;karBar
2
k ssr.
Concrete
sMrab; dak;tMél PaBFn;
• f’c:
sgát; rbs;ebtug RKwH.

Longitudinal reinforcement
• Steel: Edk EdlGacCa EdkfñaMg
GMeBA (Deformed bars) nig
Edkrelag (Plain bar).
• Grade: CaeQμaHma:kEdk.
• f : CatMél rbs;PaBFn; Edk.

y
• Bar list: Ca tarag Ggát;p©it
Edk EdlKYreRbI.
Transversal reinforcement
• Modification of diameter
KWCatarag Edl GaceGay
list:
eyIg EktMél Ggát;p©it nig

EfmGgát;p©it.
eyIg eRCIserIs Ggát;p©it eday
KUssBaØa √ .

kñúgtarag Ggát;p©itenH/ eyIgGac bBa©ÚlrWlub elxGgát;p©it )an.
eRkay eBl Edl )ankMnt; Calculation options rYcehIy eyIg rkSa
kñúgeQμaH NamYy)an.
cuc edIm,IebIk Dialogbox of reinforcement pattern.

Footing
• First layer Ca RsTab;EdkTI1
Edl enA CitEKm rWÉ Second
layer Ca RsTab;EdkTI2 Edl
Ekgnwg RsTab;TI1.
• Bar spacing: kMnt;KMlat
Gb,brma nig Gtibrma
rbs;Edk.
• Diameter: sMrab;eRCIserIs Ggát;p©it rbs;Edk kñúgRsTab;nImYy².
• Reinforcement type: sMrab;eRCIserIs RbePTbNþajEdk.
• Advanced: sMrab;eRCIserIssuICMerA dUcCa³
→ sMrab; dak;EdkxageRkamnigxagelI/ EdkelI GacKμan ebImincaM)ac;.

→ sMrab;dak;EdkxageRkam nigEdkRKbBIelI EdlGacman ebIcaM)ac;.
→ EdkRtUvEt dak;elIeRkam nig man mYyTisCa Edkkg.
→ EdkelI nig EdkRkam KWCa Edkkg.
Pier EpñkBRgwgRKwH
• Reinforcement type: sMrab;
eRCIserIs RbePT bNþajEdk
BRgwgRKwH. eyIgGac min
erIsyk mYyNa k¾)an.
• Elevation: sMrab; kMnt; KMlat
rbs; Edkkg cMEnkBRgwgRKwH

• d1, d2 CaGgát;p©it EdkedknigQ rbs;cMEnkBRgwg RKwH. Edlman h , e , n , e nig n .
1 1 1 2 2
Dowel Bars Edkkssr

• Auto: Edk ksrsr GacKμan
• Yes: Edkksrsr RtUvEtman.
• Length sMrab; kMnt;RbEvg Edk
kssr EdlRtUvP¢ab; eTA

ssr.

Shape ragEdk
eyIg GaceRCIserIs TMrgEdkkg
(stirrup), EdkkgcMh (Open
stirrup), Edkkssr (Dowel bar),
nig Edkt (Splice bar).
cuc Save as… button edIm,I rkSaTuk EbbbTénkardak;Edk (Reinforcement pattern).
cuc edIm,I eFVIkarKNna ehIykarKNna tMrUveGay eyIg eRCIserIs kñúg Calculation Option Set
Dialogbox xageRkam.

eyIg GacemIl lTæpl énkarKNna edaycuc Layout button yk / eyIg
nwg)an karbgðajlTæl dUcxageRkam³
eyIg k¾GacemIl bøg; srésEdkrbs; EPñnRKwH edaycuc EdlsßitenAelI toolbar xagsþaM.

RbsineyIg cg;bgðajEdkkeCIgtag eyIgRtUveFVIkarbþÚr kñúg Reinforcement pattern Rtg; Dowel Bars
eday eRCIsyk Yes kñúg Connection to column/wall.

2-5- karKNnaeRKagGKarnigkMral
KNna kMral/ Fñwm/ ssr nig EPñnRKwH rbs; GKarxagelI edaydwgfa³

ebtugmanPaBFn; f’c = 25 MPa/ EdkbeNþay fy = 400MPa nig Edkkg fy = 250 MPa
ssr man vimaRt CR300x300/ FñwmRKwH manvimaRt BR300x400/ Fñwmem manvimaRt BR300x700/
FñwmrgmanvimaRt SR300x500 nig FñwmRTElVg 4m manvimaRt BR300x400.
cuc edIm,I begáItmuxkat;rbs;ssr nig Fñwm
rYc cuc

cuc edIm,IbegáIt )a:ra:EmRt rbs;bnÞHkMral
rYc cuc eyIg nwg)an Dialog box sMrab;begáIt
RbePTbNþaj srésEdk rbs;kMral.
cUr begáIt
FFSlab sMrab;kMralCan;TImYy nig
SFSlab sMrab;kMralCan;TIBIr.

cuc edIm,IbegáIt kMras; rbs;kMral
rYccuc edIm,IebI Dialog box sMrab; kMnt;kMras; kMral. cUr
begáIt ³
TH120 sMrab;kMras; 120mm rbs; kMralCan;TI 1.
TH250 sMrab;kMras; 250mm rbs; kMralCan;TI 2.
cuc edIm,IbegáIt Load types

bnSMbnÞúk

eRkayBI eRCIserIs kMralTaMgGs;rYc eyIg eFVIkarEbgkMralCaRkLal¥it (Meshing) edayeRbI Toolbar
of Options of FE Mesh Generation.

elI cuc
rYccuc edIm,I bMEbkkMralCaRkLa.
cuc edIm,IeFVIkarKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM GKarTaMgmUl. eRkay karKNnacb;/ eyIgGacemIl lTæpl rbs;

FñwmnImYy² rW rbs;GKarTaMgmUl)an.

edIm,I emIllTæpl/ eyIgcUltam Results>> Diagrams for bars… rYceRCIserIs RbePTkMlaMg Edl
eyIg cg;Gan. Rbsin cg;emIl lTæpl rbs; FatuNamYy RtUv eRCIs FatuenaH ehIy KUsyk Open a
new window muxcuc Apply.
kareRCIserIs ssr edIm,I eFVIkarKNna

srésEdk rbs; ssr.
kareRCIserIs Fñwm edIm,I KNnasréEdk Fñwm.

kareRCIserIs TMr
sMrab; KNna RKwH.
2-5-1- karKNnakMral
edIm,IKNnakMral/ RtUvcUltam¤ Analysis>>Design of RC Structure Elements>> RC Plate and
Shell Design >> Required reinforcement

sresr elxbnÞHkMral kñúg List of panels edIm,I eFVIkarKNna
EtkMralenaH.
cuc b‘UtugenH edIm,I eFVIkarKNnatMrUvkarEdkrbs;kMral.
cuc b‘UtugenH sMrab;eFVIkarKNna kardak;bNþaj Edk EdlRtUveRbI. eyIg nwgTTYl)an
RtUv cuc edIm,I EktMrUv Reinforcement options nig cuc edIm,I EktMrUv Reinforcement pattern.
rYc cuc edIm,IKNna

2-5-2- karKNnakMralKμanFñwm
Analysis>>Design of RC Structure Elements>> RC Plate and Shell Design >> Required
reinforcement
lMdab;énkarKNnadUc kMralFñwmEdrKW³
sresr elxbnÞH kñúg List of panels rYc eRCIserIs Method nigCacugeRkay cuc edIm,IKNna
tMrUvkarEdk.

cuc edIm,IKNnabrimaNEdk Edl RtUveRbI.
rYc cuc Calculations kmμviFInwg KNna Eteday
manlkçxNÐ xøH dUcCa karecaHTMluH minepÞógpÞat; enaH
kmμviFI nwgpþl; karRBman Edlerobrab; BIcMnucEdl
KYrsikSaepÞógpÞat;.
;
Punching analysis results for individual points are presented in the color corresponding to the
calculation result:
• in blue – for points that fulfill the conditions for punching and do not require
reinforcement
• in green - for points that fulfill the conditions for punching and require reinforcement
• in red - for points that do not fulfill the condition for punching despite applying
reinforcement.
The critical circumference is presented graphically on the Slab – reinforcement layout as a

green line around columns. The range of punching reinforcement is shown graphically in a
final drawing of a slab (formwork).
lkçxNÐecaHTMluH minepÞógpÞat; Rtg;TMrNa r)aykarN¾ nig bgðaBN¾Rkhm. edIm,IEktMrUv lkçxNÐ

ecaHTMluH rbs; kMralRtg;TMrNamYy/ eyIgRtUv
1- eRCIserIsTMrenaH kñúg Verification points list
2- rYc erIs Type nig

3- kMnt;vimaRtrbs; k,alssrEdlRT eday KUs Head rYcvaytMélcUlkñúg RbGb; Dimensions.
eRkay karvaytMélbBa©ÚlnImYy²/ kmμviFI nwgeFVIkarepÞógpÞat;. RbsinCa tMélfμIRtwmRtUv enaH
r)aykarN¾ nwgbþÚreTACa ébtg rW exov vij. ébtg manny½fa RtUvkarEdkbEnßm eTaHCa
mankarepÞógpÞat; k¾eday rWÉ BN¾exov manny½fa minRtUvkar EdkbEnßm.
• Rtg;TMr S1, S2 nig S3 eyIg eRbIvimaRt
k,alssr dUcxageRkam³ a=1000mm,
b=1000mm, h=500mm.
• Rtg;TMr S4³ a=1600mm, b=1600mm,

h=500mm. eRkaykarepÞógpÞat; lkçxNÐ
ecaHTMluH ehIy eyIgGac KNnabNþaj Edk

eLIgvij.
Qadm: Ca kMlaMgkat;TMluH GnuBaØatþi.

Q: Ca kMlaMgTMluH GtibrmaRtg;TMr.
b : Ca brimaRteRKaHfñak; eRkamkarTMluH. va RtUvbgðaj edayExS BN¾ébtg elI Reinforcement

0
layout.

eyIg Gacbnþ pøas;bþÚr vimaRtrbs; k,alssr edIm,I eGay lkçxNÐecaHTMluH epÞógpÞat; ehIy
minRtUvkarEdk bEnßm.
eyIg GacepÞógpÞat; PaBecaHTMluH rbs;bnÞúkcMnuc Na epSgEdl man elIkMral)an eday
• cuc New rbs; Verification points List
• bBa¢ak;TItaMg edayvaytMélcUlkñúg x, y (in Positions)
• bBa©Úl tMélbnÞúkcMnuc kñúg Maximum punching force
• bBa¢ak;TMrg;FrNImaRt rbs;cMnuccab;rbs;kMlaMg
2-5-3- karKNnaFñwm
eyIg RtUveRCIserIs FñwmNamYy rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM Edl eyIgcg; KNnasrésEdk.
eyIg KNna eday cUltam Menu bar: Results >> Design of RC Structure Elements >> RC
Beam Design.

cuc OK eyIg nwgTTYl)an eGRkg;xageRkam³
eday Fñwmminman kMritkMBs;dUcKña dUecñH eyIgRtUvEktMrUvva eday cuc elI FñwmtUc rYc cuc edIm,IebIk
Dialog box of Section definition cuc eyIgnwg)an Leveling dialog box fμI rYccuc edIm,I
eGayFñwmtUc mankMritkMBs;esμInwg FñwmFM.

CabnÞab;/ eyIgGac eRCIserIs RbePTKNna nig RbePTbNþajEdk edaycuc nig .
CacugeRkay eyIgGaceFVIkarKNna )an edaycuc .
rYc cuc Calculations button.

eyIg GacemIl lTæpl rbs;Fñwm d¾éTeTot)an eday eRbI BI Droplist.
lTæplGacemIl mandUcCa³ m:Um:g; ¬m:Um:g;lTæPaB/ m:Um:g;GMeBI munnigeRkay karEbgEckm:Um:g;¦/
kMlaMgkat;TTwg/ PaBdab.l.

cuc edIm,IemIl r)aykarN¾bNþajEdk

2-5-4- karKNnassr
edIm,IKNnassr/ eyIg eRCIserIs ssrenaH rYc cUlKNnatam Menu bar: Analysis>>Design of RC
Structure Elements>>RC Column Design.

cuc OK eyIgnwgTTYl)an )a:ra:EmRt sMrab; KNna
ssr
cuc edIm,IkMnt; RbEvgrlas; nig cuc edIm,IemIl kMlaMg

eFVIGMeBIelIssr.

cuc edIm,IkMnt;kMritkMBs; rbs; ssr
munnwgeFVIkarKNna/ eyIg RtUvkMnt; EbbbTKNna nig RbePTbNþajEdk eday cuc nigcuc
cuc edIm,I eFVIkarKNna srésEdk ssr.
cuc Calculations eyIg nwg)an lTæplbgðaj dUcxageRkam³

2-5-5- karKNnaRKwH
eRCIserIs RKwHEdl
cg; KNna rYc
cuc Foundations nig
Foundation
definitions
eRkaymkeyIg nwg)an Dialogbox xageRkam.
eRCIserIs kñúg Layout box, nUv Foundation load eyIgnwg)an rUbxageRkam EdlGnuBaØatþieGay bBa©Úl
Tinñny½dI nigRbePTbNþajEdk.

cucedIm,I
Calculation
option .
cuc edIm,I
Reinforcement
pattern .
cuc edIm,I bBa©Úl Tinñny½dI.
rYccuc sMrab;KNna

2-6- karKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdk
2-6-1- eRKOgbgÁúMsm<næ½RtIekaN
cuc BItarag eRCIserIs RbePT

rcnasm<næ½ sMrab; KNna EhVm rW
sm<næ½RtIekaN.
eRCIserIsRbePTEdkEdlRtUveRbI edaycUlkñúg Job Preferences

cuc edIm,I
begáIt rUbFatufμI eday bBa©Úl
Tinnñy½ Edl eyIg RtUvkar.
RbePTmuxkat; RtUvEt bBa©Úl kñúg

Database.
sMrab;erIsyk RbePTEdk
sMrab;lub
sMrab;bþÚr lMdab; rbs;
RbePT muxkat;.
cuc BI Structural Model toolbar edIm,I ebI bNÑal½y rcnasm<næ½ (Structure library).

cuc edIm,IerIsyk RbePTsm<næ½RtIekaN
ragRtIekaN.
rYcbBa©ÚltMélrbs; sm<næ½RtIekaN tam lkçN³pÞal;
rbs;va.
ebI cuc Yes sMrab; First Diagonal Up eyIg)an eyIg GacbBa¢ak; BI kMritehIbTb;dab (anti-
camber) nig kMritxuus rbs;TMr )an.
sm<næ½RtIekaN .
pÞúyBIenH eyIgnwg)an .

cuc edim,I ebIk Section data base
DL - two equal-leg angles

DLL - two angles with longer legs touching
DLS - two angles with shorter legs touching
Each section name (in addition to the symbol DL, DLL, DLS) is made up of three parts. They will be described
using the DLL 2.5x2x10.1875 section as an example. The numbers indicate:
1) 2.5 : DIM1 (first characteristic section dimension) in inch
2) 2 : DIM2 (second characteristic section dimension) in inch
3) 10.1875 - the third number is made up of two parts; three numbers may appear before the dot:
4) 0 - means that the angles are touching
5) 10 - means that the spacing of the angles is equal to 3/8 of an inch (0.375)
6) 20 - means that the spacing of the angles is equal to 3/4 of an inch (0.75);
7) the number located after the dot indicates the thickness of the angle in fractions of an inch (e.g. 0.1875 is
equal 3/16 of an inch).
DL2x2x20.125 DL2x2x10.125
DL2x2x0.125

cuc Apply eyIgnwg)an rcnasm<næ½xageRkam³
eyIg GacBinitü BIrUbFatuEdleyIgeRbI eday right click elIr)arNamYy rYccuc Object properties.
enAkñúg Bar properties Dialog box/ Edkrbs;EhVm minEmnCa Edk Edl eyIg cg;eRbIeT dUecñH eyIg
RtUvbþÚr. rUbFatuEdl eyIgerIskñúg Job preferences minman \TæiBlelI rcnasm<næ½ Edl ykBI Struture
Library eT va man\TæiBlEtelI rcnasm<næ½Edl KUrpÞal;.

edIm,IbþÚr rUbFatu eTACa rUbFatu Edl )anerIs kñúg Job preferences eyIgRtUv eRCIsr)ar TaMgGs; rYc cuc
BI Structure Model toolbar .
cuc / eyIgnwg)an Dialogbox xagsþaM. rYccuc

nig CacugeRkay.
dak;TMreGayrcnasm<næ½
begáItkrNIbnÞúk nig bBa©ÚltMélbnÞúk

Dead load
Live load
eyIgRtUveFVIbnSMbnÞúk

cuc edIm,IeFVIkarKNnarkkMlaMgkñúg rbs;rcnasm<næ½RtIekaN.
eyIgGacGanlTæpl)an eday cuc Results>>Diagrams for bars…

eRkayBIKNnakMlaMgkñúgrYc eyIgGacKNnarkmuxkat;EdlsmRsbsMrab;eRKOgbgÁúM.
eRkayeBlEdl cUl tam Analysis>>Bar Structure Design>> Steels/Aluminium Menbers design

>> Definitions/Calculation Set…eyIg nwg )an Dialog boxes xageRkam.
• sMrab;kMnt; eQμaHFaturbs; rcnasm<næ½

Member tab:
• Group Tab: sMrab;kMnt;RkumFatu Edl RtUveRbIRbePT

EdkEtmYy.
→ New: begáItelxRkum
→ Member list: sMrab;bBa©Úl elxFatu Edl RtUvcat;
→ Name:sresreQμaH Rkum. kñúgRkum.
→ Material: erIsRbePTEdk.

Calculation Dialogbox GnuBaØatþi eGay KNna Fatu
nImYy² rW RkumFatu.
cuc edIm,IKNna. eRkaykarKNna eyIg
nwg)an Dialogbox EdlbBa¢ak;BI sPaBrbs; Fatu
nImYy².
ebIeyIgerIs Member verification enaH eRkaykarKNna eyIgnwg)an Dialogbox xageRkam Edl

bBa¢ak; faFatuNaCab; FatuNaFøak;.
1- ³Cab;
2- ³ FatuFøak; eBalKImineKarB lkçxNÐrbs;bTdæan.
eyIg GacKNna edayeRbI Code group design. eRkaykarKNna eyIgGacerIsRbePT muxkat;
smRsb )an.
cuc edIm,IbþÚryk muxkat;EdlsmRbkb.
eRkaykarKNnark muxkat;rYcral;ehIy eyIgRtUvKNna tMnrbs;FatunImYy² rbs;rcnasm<næ½ RtIekaN.

eRCIserIs tMn eday eRbIkUnkNþú click BIxageRkamsþaM eTA xagelIeqVg rbs; tMn
rYc cuc Create
karKNnatMnb‘ULúg³

cuc elI Connection view rYc cuc edIm,I KNna
tMn. cuc Calculations edIm,I KNna pleFob
kMlaMgGtibrma nwg kMlaMg GnuBaØat.
cuc edIm,IemIl r)aykarN¾ KNnatMn.

cuc Full rYccuc OK enaH r)aykarN¾ KNnatMn nwg
bgðaj.
karKNnatMnbnSa³ ¬tMn 12¦

eyIgRtUveRCIserIs tMneday eRbI kUnknþú Click BIeRkamsþaM eTAxagelIeqVg Rtg;tMn 12 rYceFVIkarerIs
)a:r:aEmRt dUcxageRkam³

bBa©ÚlkMras;TwkbnSa edayeRbI tMéldac;xat rW eRbIpleFobCamYynwg kMras;søab rWkMras;tY.
ebIKU manny½fa kMras;TwkbnSaKitCa pleFobnwg kMras;søabrWTY.

eRkaykarKNnarYc/ lTæpl énkarKNnatMn
bgðaj dUcxageRkam³
2-6-2- rcnasm<næ½GKar

KUrrcnasm<næ½GKarEdk edayeRbI RbePTNamYy
(W) Edlman TMrbgáb;.
rYc dak;bnÞúkefr nig Gefr RBmTaMgbnSMbnÞúk.
• KNnaplkMlaMg rbs; bnÞúk m:Um:g; nig

kMlaMgkat;TTwg.
• KNnamuxkat;Fñwmnig ssr edaybþÚr
ykmuxkat;RtwmRtUv.
• rYceFVIkarKNnatMn.

karKNnatMn

tMnTMr ¬ssrnigRKwH¦

tMn ssrnigFñwm


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bBa¢IrGtßbT

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 3 kñúg 198

eRbIsMrab;rcna sm<næ½ RKb; RbePT

cUltam Menu bar: tool>>Preferences

³sMrab;ebIk eQμaH cMnUlcitþ Edl )anrkSaTuk.

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 5 kñúg 198

Range: CaeQμaHénRkumFatuEdlGac bþÚrBN¾)an.

Color: CaBN¾Edlcg; eGayFatueRKOgbgÁúMsMEdg.

Font: CaBN¾rbs;GkSr rW elx EdlRtUvsMEdg.

Accept: bitedayrkSa GVIEdl)ankMnt;rYcehIy.

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 6 kñúg 198

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 7 kñúg 198

eRbIsMrab;kMnt;BN¾/ TMhM nigRbePTGkSr elIr)aykarN¾bøg;.

Range, Element: sMrab;RkumFatu nig FatuéneRKOgbgÁúMEdl RtUvkMnt;BN¾/ TMhMGkSr rW RbePTGkSr.

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 9 kñúg 198

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 11 kñúg 198

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 15 kñúg 198

kalNa toolbars EdleyIgcg;)an KμanenAelI bg¥ÜceTenaH eyIgGacbgðaj vadUcxageRkam

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 16 kñúg 198

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 17 kñúg 198

• No of repetitions: CacMnYnRbelaH dUc²Kña Edl

• Axis Manager: sMrab;ebIkemIl bBa¢IreQμaHRbBnæ½GkS½ Edl)an begáIt.

kalNa eyIgeRCIserIsyk eQμaHRbBnæ½ mYyNa

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 18 kñúg 198

taragmuxkat; rW begáItmuxkat;fμI. taragmuxkat; nwgman

• Default material: bBa¢ak;RbePTrUbFatuEdleRbI/ CaFmμta

cuccMnucEdl eyIgcg;)an rWk¾ vaytMélbBa©Úleday pÞal;. ebIeyIgbBa¢ÚltMéledaypÞal; enaH

• Drag: eRCIserIseBlNa eyIgcg;KUrGgát;tCab;Kña. ebIeyIgmineRCIsva enaH Ggát;KUrmþg )an

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 19 kñúg 198

muxkat;Carag epSg² bBa©ÚleTAkñúg tarag

eyIgerIs Camuxkat;rbs; FñwmrWssr Edl

1-1-5- karKUrmuxkat; munrWeRkay karKUrFñwmrWssr

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 20 kñúg 198

New/ ehIy karbBa©ÚlTinñny½ sMrab; muxkat;eFVIdUc krNImun

• 2D:sMrab; emIlkñúgbøg; EdleyIgRtUv

bBa¢ak; XY, YZ or XZ.

eyIgGacrMkilemIlbøg; tam bNþaTItaMgGkS½Edlman kMnt; kñúg karkMnt;GkS½ (Axis definitions)

eyIgcuc edIm,IebIk Work Plane Dialog box EdleyIgGackMnt; kUGr½edaen rbs;bøg;Edlcg;eFVIkar

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 21 kñúg 198

kñúg View history. View history GacebIkemIltam

• Point definition (P1, P2, P3): CacMnucTaMgbI EdlkMnt;

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 22 kñúg 198

begáIt n-1 tMn elIGgát; rW EKmkugTYr ¬cMEnktUc² minEmn

sMrab;EckGgát;Ca BIrcMEnk Edl sMrab;EckGgát;Ca BIrcMEnkeFob sMrab;EckGgát;Ca BIrcMEnk eday

bBa¢ak;BI EpñkEdlRtvkat;ecal. tMélbBa©Úl KitCa

elxGgát; EdlCaEdnén karBnøÚt.

RtUvBnøÚt ¬xagedIm rW xagcug¦.

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 24 kñúg 198

RsbeBl Edl rMkileRKOgbgÁúM.

rgVil. cMnuccug Ca cMenalrbs; cMnucedIm elIbøg;

• Plane location: CaTItaMgbøg;BIKl;RbBnæ½GkS½skl GacCa

X rW YeTAtam RbePTbøg;EdleyIgerIs Rtg; Plane.

• Plane: Cabøg;Edl Rsbnwg bøg;kBa©k;.

dUecñH bøg;bBa©aMg rWbøg;kBa©k; Ca bøg;EdlRsbnwg Plane nig man

edaybøg;bBa©aMg Cabøg;edk dUecñH Plane location KWCa tMél Z

8-bøg;qøúH (Planar Symmetry…), GkS½qøúH (Axial Symmetry...)

eyIgGacehAbBa¢ar GkS½qøúH enHeday cuc BI Edit toolbar rW ehAtam Menu bar:

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 26 kñúg 198

karKNnatam Robot Software TMBr½ 27 kñúg 198

→ Begin-Middle-End: CacMnucedIm/ kNþal nig cugFñÚ.

• Definition method: viFIkMnt;cMnucrbs;FñÚ

kñúgRbGb; Sides nig EckkaMtamcMnYn kñúgRbGb; Radial.

enH cMnYnkñúgRbGb; min KWmanRbsiTæPaB.