Geography Unit 1 Study Material STD 10

Seasons
&
Time
www.masocialma.blogspot.in
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Earths Movements
Rotation
Movement
of Earth
Around the
Sun
Revolution
Elliptical
Orbit
24 Hours (1 Day)
365 Days (1 Year)

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The Earths Revolution & the Tilt of

the axis
cause variations in the amount of

Sunshine
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Variations
in the
amount of
Sunshine
are the
basis of
Seasons
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Seasonal Change
Recurrence of
Winter, Summer
and the Rainy
Season one after
the other on the
Earth
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Perihelion & Aphelion
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Activity 1 (Short Notes)

1. How much time does the Earth take to
complete One Revolution?
2. What is a Leap Year?
3. Difference between Rotation & Revolution
4.
5.
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Earth Takes
365 Days
5 Hours
48 Minutes
45 Seconds
to complete
one
Revolution
365
Days
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Leap Year
Once in 4 Year with 366 Days

Year Total Days Balance
1 Day
2016
2017 365 Days 6 Hours
29 Days
in
February
2020 will have 366 Days

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Parallelism of Axis
23 0
66 0
Orbital Plane
The Earth has an Inclination & it maintains

the Tilt throughout its Revolution
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Apparent
Movement of
Sun
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March 21 & Sep 23
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March 21 & Sep 23
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Equinoxes
Sun over Equator
on Mar 21 & Sep 23
Equal Sunlight
in both Hemisphere
Equal Day & Night
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In Northern
Hemisphere
from Mar
Sep
Summer Solstice
Sun over Tropic of
Cancer on June 21
Longest Day
Northern Hemisphere
Longest Night
Southern Hemisphere
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Winter Solstice
Sun over Tropic of
Capricorn on Dec 22
Longest Night
Northern Hemisphere
Longest Day
Southern Hemisphere
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In Southern
Hemisphere
from Sep
Mar
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Activity 2 (Complete the Table)
Date
Name
Position of
Sun
Result
----------------
Equinox
Equator
June 21
Summer
Solstice
-----------------
-------------------
Equal Day &

Night
Long Day in N
Hem.
Equator
Equal Day &

Night
Winter
Solstice
-------------------
Long Night in N
Hem.
Sep 23
Dec 22
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Date
Name
Position
of Sun
Result
Mar 21
Equinox
Equator
June 21
Summer
Solstice
Equinox
Tropic of
Cancer
Equator
Equal Day
& Night
Long Day in
N Hem.
Winter
Solstice
Tropic of
Capricorn
Sep 23
Dec 22
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Equal Day
& Night
Long Night
in N Hem.
Spring
Transition from Winter to Summer

March, April Summer Months (N.H.)
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Autumn
Transition from Summer
towards Winter
Atmospheric Temperature
Decreases
Short Day & Lengthy Night
Trees Shed their Leaves
N. Hem. Oct, Nov
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Months
Mar 21 June 21
June 21Sep 23
Sep 23 Dec 22
Dec 22
Mar 21
Movement of
Sun
Seasons
NH
SH
Equator
Spring
Tropic of Cancer
Summer Winter
Equator
Autumn
Spring
Tropic of Capricorn
Winter
Summer
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
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Autumn
Mid Latitude Region
o Seasonal Differences
are Deep
o At Tropic of Capricorn
Longer Days &
Shorter Nights (S.H.)
o At Tropic of Cancer
Continuous Day light in
Arctic Circle for 6 Months
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Equatorial Region
Polar Region
o Some Difference o Much Difference

in the Length of
in the Length of
Day & Night
Day & Night
o Summer
o Hot Climate
Cooler & Shorter
throughout Year
o Winter
o Not much
Severe & Longer
Seasonal Change
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Traditional Seasons of India

Vasantha
Mar, April
Greeshma May, June

Varsha
July, Aug
Sarat
Sep, Oct
Hemanta
Nov, Dec
Sisira
Jan, Feb
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Time Calculation Ancient Period

Based on the
Apex Position of
the Sun
&
Length of Shadow
Later Time Calculation became Scientific
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Earth's Rotation - Facts

West East
Sun Rises 1st in East
24 Hours to Complete
1 Rotation
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W
E
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Sun Rises at
First in
Arunachal
Pradesh
Angular Distance of Earth = 3600

To Complete 3600 Rotation = 24 hours
[ 24 x 60 = 1440 Minutes ]
To Complete 3600 Rotation = 1440 Min.
To Complete 10 Rotation
= 4 Min.
[ 1440 / 360 = 4 Minutes ]
To Complete 150 Rotation = 1 hour
[ 15 x 4 = 60 Min. (1 hour) ]
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am
11.52 11.56
12
20 10 0
pm
12.4 12.8
10 20
am
9.00 10.00 11.00 12
pm
1.00 2.00 3.00
450 300 150 0 150 300 450
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Greenwich Line
00 Longitude
Place of British Royal
Observatory
Worldwide Time
Calculation based on it
Prime Meridian
World in to 24 Time Zones
Each with 1
Hour Difference
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Global Time Zones
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Each Longitude has

Different Time
A country may have
Different Longitude
A country may have
Different Time
So
Standard Time
Longitude Passes thru Middle of

the Country is set as
Standard Meridian & Time

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Indian Standard
Time (IST)
Longitudinal Extent
= 680E 970E
82 0E Passes
thru Middle of the
Country
82 0E is the
Standard Meridian
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Activity 3 (Complete the Table)
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1350
0
120
1050
900
750
600
450
300
150
00
150
300
11 12 1
n p
o m
o
n
S
u
n
d
a
y
10
A
m
M
o
n
d
ay
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450
600
750
900
1050
1200
1350
1500
1650
1800
1800
1650
1500
10 11 12
10
1800
Monday
Sunday
International Date Line
At 1800 Longitude
East & West
there is 24 Hours
Difference
Same place with
24 Hours difference
00
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Avoided Land
Area
Thru Pacific
Ocean
It is an
Imaginary Line
Travelers who cross this from East Add 1 Day &
from West Deduct 1 Day
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Activity 4 (Globe Observation)

Observe the Globe and :
1. Find out the International Date Line
2. Identify the Continents situated to the West &
East of this Line
3. Which Travelers of these Continents will gain
one Day on crossing International Date Line
4.
5.
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Asia &
Australia
Those who cross this

N&S America will
West
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East
N America
&
S America
Line and go to
gain One Day
Activity 5 (Time Calculation)

What will be the time in New York (740 W) when it is noon at Greenwich
Longitudnal Difference between New York &

Greenwich
= 740
Time for 10 Longitude
= 4 Minuts
Time for 740 Longitude
= 4 x 74 = 296 Min.
= 4 Hours 56 Min.
As New York is in West
= Greenwich Time
Time Difference
= 12 4 H 56 M
= 7.04 am
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Additional Activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi.,His.)

HSA(Social Science)
St. Marys H.S. Palliport
mamichaelma@gmail.com
9746953695
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Geography Unit 1 Study Material STD 10

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Seasons

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

365 Days (1 Year)

The Earths Revolution & the Tilt of

cause variations in the amount of

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Perihelion & Aphelion

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Activity 1 (Short Notes)

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Once in 4 Year with 366 Days

2020 will have 366 Days

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The Earth has an Inclination & it maintains

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March 21 & Sep 23

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March 21 & Sep 23

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Activity 2 (Complete the Table)

Equal Day &

Equal Day &

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Transition from Winter to Summer

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Mid Latitude Region

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o Some Difference o Much Difference

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Traditional Seasons of India

Greeshma May, June

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Time Calculation Ancient Period

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Earth's Rotation - Facts

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Angular Distance of Earth = 3600

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450 300 150 0 150 300 450

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Global Time Zones

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Each Longitude has

Longitude Passes thru Middle of

Standard Meridian & Time

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