CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will present the Conceptual Framework of the study and Review of
Related Literature.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Technology is one of the most valuable tools that we have available at our finger
tips every day. You can do virtually anything with your smart phone, tablet, or computer.
From seeing what time a movie starts, ordering a pizza, and paying your bills the
possibilities for technology are endless. And not only are they endless, they are
constantly improving to make the things we have to do everyday easier. It sounds pretty
awesome right? That thought might change when you put our youth and their education
into the mix. Many people believe that the abundance of technology in our schools is
hindering students ability to think for themselves and learn old style methods of
research. People who support the use of technology in the class room argue that they
no longer have to. Its a touchy subject, that cannot be solved just by an analysis, but
learning all of the advantages and disadvantages of having technology in the classroom
can certainly give you a well rounded and informed opinion.

The Conceptual Framework is found in Figure 1.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusion,
methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in
familiarizing the information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

Local Studies
President Benigno Aquino announced during the launch of the countrys K -12
curriculums that the government eyes the use of tablet computers in public schools in
lieu of traditional textbooks (Enterprise Innovation, 2012). Furthermore, there exist
various programs by the government, non-government organizations and private
corporations in the Philippines that aim to provide one laptop computer per child.
With the presence of laptop in the classrooms, students become more engaged and
involved in school-related activities(Oquias, 2011)

in the recent years, the use of computers and related technology in education
has been proven beneficial to teachers and students, and effective both cost-wise and
education-wise. The use of technology in education has significantly aided students in
performing their school-related tasks. Clegg and Bailey (2008) assert that with
the utilization of mobile devices such as laptops and tablet computers, the learning
process for the students become more fun and conducive due to the user-interactivity

and appealing visuals present in these learning tools. Additionally, a vast collection of
learning games and applications exist for these mobile devices, and as a matter of fact,
there are about 96,000 educational applications available (App Store Metrics, 2013).
The data collected by Apps in Education (2012) confirmed that the subject areas
covered by these applications include Mathematics, Sciences, Grammar and Spelling
and Arts and Humanities.
Foreign Studies
There is evidence to support the effective use of computer-assisted instruction.
Kosakowski (1998) wrote that using educational technology for drill and practice for
basic skills can be highly effective according to a large body of data and a long history
of use (Kulik, 1994). He summarized that students, particularly students in at-risk
groups, such as in special education and from inner city or rural schools, felt more
successful in school and more motivated to learn when using curriculum-assisted
instruction.

Symonds (2000) stated that technology can be a crucial tool to improve student
learning. He pointed out that the quality of public education could be improved by
utilizing the Web to individualize instruction, creating learning opportunities for teachers
to engage in collegial support via e-mail, and facilitating better home-school
communication through e-mail and Website information. He further cites Jonathan
Carson, CEO of the K-12 division of Learning Network, who states that the Internet will
likely democratize education. Symonds predicts that students in poor communities will

have access to the best libraries, to instructors from around the world, and to a far richer
menu of courses, many of which will be delivered over the Web. In support of this view,
Aprile and Vasquez (2001) stated that the Red Escolar Project in Mexico connects
approximately 3,000 schools and 1,500,000 students in an online community of
learners. Some U.S. schools are attracted to the availability of teaching materials in
Spanish. They recognize that this is no substitute for face-to-face instruction but is a tool
that enhances the sometimes-limited resources of schools.

Clearly technology enhances education and is becoming increasingly essential to

learning. Student development of basic academic skills improves with the use of
technology, especially for at-risk students. Access to the Internet and distance learning
opportunities promote relevant learning experiences irrespective of geographic
restrictions and improve student and teacher access to information. Finally, technology,
especially through video-conferencing, promotes greater understanding of other
cultures.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN STUDIES

EASIER ACCESS TO
INFORMATION

PREPARES STUDENTS
FOR THE FUTURE

PROVIDES CURRENT
INFORMATION AND WIDER
ACCESS

TECHNOLOGY IS HELPFUL FOR STUDENTS