22s EXPMPLE » Conte UOUS - Time WlEvER RE CRROWWI AN ME TOA) € X fes = J. vias +t Be Jeout~ Tine weal wep Cufr)= me sey etong)™* Figure 20.6: Typical realization of the Wiener random process. Nove © IT HAL pylremonre x ft2)-xle,) THAT ARE /NDEPNDEXy AWD STATION PCY , C7 Semper X(g- xlep Avd Xfaj- xt). MES 1S GROSTIAN Sitce srs Run oF GRavsrianw pve (NEED Moke NATH Te PRove mys J. e/ i voss dz) Jo Elvlsjasn~ eo Won E lx fer) " Show Jt Tex7 THATELK, xXfad) > Nea mid Fo, ta) => (fez > te IW (ebay Aiso, vae (fy) = vot Weer Re BAS Xfey~nv(o Me &) >> WONT TATIONARY CALIS AY RF. PAYLEIGH FADING SIMU SOID GOCd MeDEL FoR MuLT/PATH FADsWE - OCCURS FOR A TRAN TTED Synvtoya THAT Afwes AT BESTIVATI ON Via Mireles PRTUS. Sys/LAR To FISH Coun VE EXAMPLE, I WHICH THERE JS INTERFERENCE RETWEEN RETURNS. AOPLITODE Rawdon, = PASS RANDOM223 —= AS A MeDEL evER SHORT Pericd oF Tine X/b) = Rees OrF.t +O) A> 7 OL @ < 277 Rov. RV: WHAT PPPS SHoves We PSsCw Te 2 Ane @? Xe) = ACOS 27F.t Cos @-A Sid 27k SN @ ACOSO COSAT fot - ASIN@ IW 27 Fo vu v U Cocarfst - vSiwFot SINCE We BeEtieye THAT xX fe) PS GRSSTAN pve pro cur (LeaRce WHER OF Abs rive RETURNS), WE ASIVON ERUSSIAN Pog + Ts V Ave vps U~W fe aD, V~N (eo ° wim & Ju} -elvjz0e D> £) x fy) = 6 Aiso RseTunE YU RNP VY Ape pVPEPE RENT - AGREES WiTH EXPERIPIEWTS . XfP 1S CRU AW RE WITH 2ER> NN eRW Ste226 v CoSfen fot, -SIv Aa Fot,) \. | Xle,) Xe Coslemfoty) —~Li (P7F Qt, x YL S x = Um dle OO | V~wlo GD Br? fDEP ARENT 3 [vs bas MeL TIVRRIATE CRUST AW aa D> 4 * ’ a D> VAD p65 CAvEnan BF. arto, A @~ pacran YW » R~ RAYLEIEp } LAlOop on per @v Ulo zy Mode. Critee KRYLEICP FRPIAG Linvsest ( eR Raressy Froie Crhwaery FINFLLY WE Show xfep us wer, Wwce E)\up ze [vjze > El xy) = EI xXpeyx Pe +) = El (vcore t)- yi Carper? + (Ucee Cem fe fete) -V Seu (rnpafernr) ) |220 = £(W) cos fayfet) cos fam ferns) TEL y*) St (2 fet) Stn Ora Fe letra) Sivee Eluv)> elujelyjp= © uv vy Ly, - 9+ ( corbrpeces (erp. eres tw (rr peep Si ( 2 Foftorw) F gy Cot are NOT DEP RE WT ON t D ele) = G* CoS ape Adb Xhey /$ wre FIvPiry | PID Of PRYLEIC HY FARING SINVS OC} pp IF Pylep = Fb ra(nd Q SCF + & SCF-F Pale on, f om”, ToTRL pvenace at E. Fo Power = 9xG = o>’ (r a BAwpppts 6avItiAn RP FoR Lew GER OBFERVATION THES The SINUSOIDAL AMPLITUDE CHANG eS - FEE FIG. 20.2 BETTER Moperm New ss Te Let A @ vray wp €, XPP> APS cos (2 fet + Oho) Pa >° * <@fe, cir PN PLP de PG RSE 4 MODULA Tin ” “1 DULAT ION” CAiep A BAvePAly RF Moar (Wirt SEE Laver THAT PSD HAS WoN228° BANDWIDTH) ALS BEFORE XR) 4 RUE) SOF Bf47 COSLA Fak - ALAS Off Sw Ft Qe YY hey Vhey ULE CoS 27 Fok -V ley STV 2 Fot WE WH TO vse THir Te GAYS AN BANDPASS RP. har AND MODEL R PEACE RTrenge les Vit) ARE GAUSSIAN Ree INDEPENDENT OF ERG OTHER C poy = Pe pr Fee Are BV puo v Jfor Elxfo)*® eo ASSene El vhy)= Ef ley) = © put FoR Xtey To bE WIS we RLTUHE U/ed Vig ACE ERLE WSS AD HAFE Saye AF Cole) = Lyle. Can Now Shon THRE Px(D = Lule Corer Fee SEE Boog PC bP oS xX fp yo wre ANd Pr ltl = Kb te (ny} = PolF+feo+ & fulF-red Pal) ALP oF Fed “ et fol FoF) -% RE ase awe 208: Type PSD fr band random pret. The PSD is nauin io symmetric about F = Fy and also that Fy > W//2, * Teo MeDE. THIS We REQUIRE U/ty Awd Vip Te Re LowPAL Ree, WHeste BANDWIDTH WS Wr Pe fe? = AYE) We FPUP) = PAP) NEED Fo > Wy Figure 20.10: PSD for lowpass random processes U(f) and V(t), ‘The PSD for the bandpass random process X(t) ie showa as the dashed curve. FENCE M7 AF SEEN THAT WE REPRESENT fP BANDPASS RF LY MOPVLATINGE Tie /NDEP RDN T LOWPASS REs pre BE cevTERe Aget Fr. CAW ONLY Mena felFy FOR WHieH Paley 16 SYMMETRIC PRT F=Fe (LSultee folpy = Peleg RRE SYMMETRIC: RoourT Fred SennARgy + FoR xfexy A wer EAvsrsan RE wit ZERO pyre AND A BANSPASS PSd Cryer as Fy (Oy ~ RPOCP ORD EE PE fy FoR PulF) to SFI > Whe Wwe X PE) = VES CoS 2 fot ~ VfL Spf RE WARE 7) ules, Vf Are Za ertiaAn RPS zy E)utes/=e)vpe/= eo Dp Moles refer = Bare} Do ies vi ARE INDED OVP ews OF ERE OT YERve) v PY CALLED I- PPA SE AWD QUALLATURE ComPonenTS oF Khey xe) x0, —— larpese > Ut) | tone > V(t) H(F) ‘H(P) 2eos(2xFot) ~2sin(2mFot) 4 “oh F f Fre * , ETE CAPERS Fo" ovr OF PHASE win crm Figure 20.26: Extraction of bandpass random process lowpass components for Erob- Tem 20.24, Cav ALSe WRITE XY AS Vet) xis Voorn, Cok (artot + pectin YL ) ui Ark» CALLED Tye ENVELLPE OF xf) Ly Ate, Seow ~ vpreyw Tes Figure 20.2 Received waveform cousstng of many random rn eee: Recared ng of many randomly overlapped acdwv u ( ENAMPLE : BANDPASS WEN EXAMPLE ra OBTAINED AFTER % Baw par FieréRenG F TO Excevoe WejsE oa Fy “6 nit mh OVTIIPE CF S/6WAL Figwe 2012 PSD for bandpass “white” Gaussian soe BAW IF -Fol& WAL FRoM FIGURE 26,49 MUST HAVE Puts = Pulpy> Me Fl ew ° IFS > Why Nore tHaT fudes =ryle = FR ryt fufry “NeW Sv Ty* wert cw sas wwe Yow va % Leo Fok > Wy Ke zo SINCE AE) = ! OTes tv Ae, WE Expecr EWVELCf/E To 42e& WCORRELATED FoR % = be > Iw 4 (rr A “Roce of THUNB" ~ A PPReMppaze)the os #(} 2 (a) (0) Fo=20 Ha, Wat He (= W Ate ‘Figure 20.13: Typical realisations of bandpass “white” Gaussian noise. The PSD is ‘given in Figure 20.12 COMPYTER SPAVEATI ON CeNTIDER GENERATIVE SE EHOVT of RERLIZAT od oF pjreReye- Trine WIL EALSTIAN RP WE ARE Cirew nic (oTHeERMmre Furr Aeb wu) AVD TrPleRkiy Pro Pe (PF) AbrReAcy: vse Px ftp * [Yf2/ Pit? Ty Win cer fulép=ov > =1 > ores felt ~ 1ALEIL~ > Ht = VBE? WHert O/F) 1S PRBITRARY . CRLLEP A SPECTRAL FACSTERIZATI A. TYP seRLLy 64 If CHeESEN Te Pkonuce A causac FILTER,23a ExAerle Po ft = &OI+ cor tun) Jatp) > Ue ~ VE rcosterh) OL Hfer = oFoR Cort~g feo fh 9 2 os ae F Rec f > /eosars) & 4 hors J, Coseaf = 4% Ire ag ‘ - n=) ° © Trek woe wars 2b lk) ULa-kd hl-vulasny+ hlovlan ~ 4 Vlas + A Ube on Srdce JAIE)* peek ear] “7 eae, >] 4eI*F he voae/ WE CRw Arse USE 4 viaray Kfap = 4% lap + & JF we wANT A ERVSAL F/LTER.CTHER METHeEDS . Wy) ARaR 2 Xlas= z AIR X In-kj + UlnyH bia Vl a-A) =) Nesp TO Fit ble 77s SIAC, oy BASED oN GiveW xf => Fare DES/EnN PRe Lem 2s BRUTE Force BLOCK METHED FOR W SAMPLES X02 X12 XI) WITH LERO NEAN Kr ey (ee [rn D> we * Le twee RANE Ly 1D ox = Ge? - Wreee (OxJep * Cxleng) + A | Refs] CRa be Fouvvp Fer psp AND VISE CHELESKY DE Co potion Te Fiye GC. neg235 RERL- WEE LP EXAMPLE - ESTIAATING ESE WISE EP EXAMPLE © EST IAA TIAS FISH PSPULATIEN (FIBURE 20,74) a ORE ATION EACH FISH REFLECTS pNloMinG Sin ere! ORL PULSE, AT pEecEiven C® Fysp Cow RIRUTES Xebs* Ae cos (TFft-ts + ee) Fa = TRANS ps; 77ER FREQUENCY Ci 2RiJe Rez RAN EE fC SPC of Coup AC OC DEFND BH Pos/TienN OF Fis77, ORIENTATION, MOTION | Zr< - Tee copypusares TO MOpeL = AStruME ac @ ARE Rrs, PLSe, De ser Kyow Re “> We UiKnowW AS WELL S Xe fey = Re cos (amht +. ee) @'- Moa. AL NON ReWwPOH FoR WwW RE Fee cTyode PHASE - KX fey = UX REDVCE TO fo279 cx, “ a = 2 Arles (Re +el) es236 2eT Ve FAC ces Q@! Ve Ac Sw 6. wep eK (Vo Coram ht Ve wee) c= = (2 Ve) cos rot -(& Ve) See ar fet 1 , Now ASSUME FISH RARE ABUT SANE SIZE ROD tevEe UE Wo PRE (OENTICRLEY DISTRIB UTD ALSe REPLECTIIMS ARE f/pErEPenT (¥AL)D 7 > BY Cir Tew UV pee CAUSA. Arse AUNE Elyse Fwd =o CO pypkossAre WATER PRessune Not mEAsURE?) pnd VAR (UD = VAR [Ye = 6 > Unnlo oy y. ~a foo? Vile ARE INDEPND EN U~Nlo von Lys VvWlo NOA 2 AND Red “ele Fin Ary - 2 RAYLEM Farpl SiVSos>d Mover Xe) = Veos 27h - Vow agFotNED TO FWD NM ASSUNE WE KyoW 6~ (mayse De exPeRinewr’ sy 2Ab) POSSIBLE APPROACH: Ler A= \ vt a ~& 2Ino~ > pale) * wee ¢ a2 asc ° AY RP LEIGH 2 ~£ > wo aw SINCE WE GET owLy owe (UV) NeRsURE ~ Myr POR PULSE TRANIMISS ION CRECALL FoR RAYLEI SH FRBING Syvusos> BNVED PE IS NEARLY somsrAwy) SEWP 4 yiriPLe PULSES, ” ReECEeiye Xm Ce), me Laem D> meaSsvee Enveropes As -” Pr = B® + Vm = \ \y 3 Tae > SV ° Fen ALLY not or (