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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO STUDY:
Change is the law of nature. There were times when man was a wanderer or a normal. He
himself had to go place to place in search of food, water and now everything is available at
your doorstep just at the click of the mouse. The growth of information technology has
affected almost all sectors of life. Internet has enabled us to get every information at our
doorstep. When Internet has affected all sectors he could stock markets the most important
player of the economy, has remained far behind? Like all other sectors Internet has set its feet
in the stock markets also.
Online trading definition is a basic understanding of online trading processes. Since the
invention of Internet people have beena able to do practically everything virtually. Due to the
Internet online trading has become one of the most popular ways to trade as far as stock
trading turned out to be as available to independent investors as possible. Online trading gives
both beginners who've just had a single day trading course and advanced traders an
opportunity to trade stocks, options, forex and futures all over the world without physical
presence of a broker and with much lower commissions, because everything is done online
Internet trading commissions are clearly posted on the websites of the various
services, and are typically a fixed rate charge, depending upon the type of security being
traded and the size of trade. In theory, therefore, an Interest investor always knows what
commission he is being charged on each trade. Internet investors can take as much time as
they would like to take prior to placing a trade order. Similarly the online investor likely does
not have to worry that his broker is making unauthorized trades. Since there is no individual
broker making a commission, the only person who is authorized to trace in the account is the
actual investor. Furthermore, the internet investor can never become a victim of excessive
trading (where for the broker) since the investor maintains total control over the number of
transactions which take place in the account.
All of these positive features of internet trading may lead the unwary investor to
believe that Internet trading is a way to take control of their finances and save more money in
the process. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. The advantages of Internet stock
trading have also its weaknesses and these weaknesses present significant drawbacks for the
average investor.
First and foremost, the average investor is not an expert in the financial markets. There
is a danger for allowing the autonomy of online trading to hull you into the belief that you are
an expert investor. An online investor sitting at home at a personal computer also foregoes
proper investment advice and financial planning, perhaps among the most valuable services
provided by traditional brokers.
There are, of course, additional risks relative to performing transactions over the
Internet especially on a shared computer. Those people whom investors have provided their
account number and password can freely trade that account while the investor will have little,
if any, resource against the brokerage firm for the breach of security.
It is to analyze the changes in trading after the exchange shifted from outcry to online
trading system
To known the on line screen based trading system adopted by indianfonl;ine and about
its communication facilities for the appropriate configuration to set network.
To known about the settlement procedure involved in indianfonline and als NSDL
operations.
Clearing defining each every term of the stock exchange trading procedures
Investor can assess the company financial strength and factors that effect the company.
Scope of the study is limited. We can say that 70% of the analysis is proved good for the
investor, but the 30% depends upon market sentiment.
The topic is selected to analyses the factors that affect the future EPS of a company based
on fundamentals of the company.
The market standing of the company studied in the order to give a better scope to the
Analysis is helpful to the investors, share holders, creditors for the rating of the company.
.
5
Time constraint was a major limiting factor. Forty five days were insufficient to even
grasp the theoretical concepts.
Several other strategies that could have been studied were not done.
CHAPTER-II
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Measured by BSE Sensex, stock market has generated a positive return of about 9 per cent for
investors in 2013, while gold prices fell by about three per cent and its poorer cousin silver
plummeted close to 24 per cent.
After outperforming stock market for more than a decade, gold has been on back foot for two
consecutive years now vis-a-vis equities, shows an analysis of their price movements.
"Gold's under-performance was mainly due to prices falling in dollar terms amid anticipated
tapering over last several months combined with FII investment in Indian stocks.
"This movement has been equally true for global markets as 2013 saw gold losing its shine
and markets coming back with a bang," said Jayant Manglik, President Retail Distribution,
Religare Securities.
"As always, gold and stock prices follow opposite trends and this year was no different except
that both changed direction," he said.
Improvement in the world economy has brought the risk appetite back amongst retail
investors and this has drenched the liquidity from safe havens such as gold leading to its
under-performance, an expert said.
In 2012, the Sensex had gained over 25 per cent, which was nearly double the gain of about
12.95 per cent in gold. The appreciation in silver was at about 12.84 per last year.
According to Hiren Dhakan, Associate Fund Manager, Bonanza Portfolio, "Markets have
particularly shown great strength post July-August 2013 when RBI took some strong
measures to control the steeply depreciating rupee."
"When the US Fed gave indications that it might taper its stimulus programme given the
economy shows improvement, a knee-jerk correction was seen in most risky assets, including
stocks in Indian markets. However, assurance by the Fed about planned and staggered
tapering in stimulus once again proved to be a catalyst for the markets."
"External factors affecting Indian stocks seem to be negative for the first half of 2014 due to
continued strength of the US dollar and benign in the second half. By that time, elections too
would have taken place. A combination of domestic and international factors point to a
bumper closing of Indian markets in 2014 with double-digit percentage growth," he said.
Stock market segment mid-cap and small-cap indices have fallen by about 10 per cent and 16
per cent, respectively, in 2013.
10
Foreign Institutional Investors have bought shares worth over Rs 1.1 lakh crore (nearly USD
20 billion) till December 19. In 2012, they had pumped in Rs 1.28 lakh crore (USD 24.37
billion).
Evolution
Indian Stock Markets are one of the oldest in Asia. Its history dates back to nearly 200 years
ago. The earliest records of security dealings in India are meager and obscure. The East India
Company was the dominant institution in those days and business in its loan securities used to
be transacted towards the close of the eighteenth century.
By 1830's business on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton presses took place in
Bombay. Though the trading list was broader in 1839, there were only half a dozen brokers
recognized by banks and merchants during 1840 and 1850.
The 1850's witnessed a rapid development of commercial enterprise and brokerage business
attracted many men into the field and by 1860 the number of brokers increased into 60.
In 1860-61 the American Civil War broke out and cotton supply from United States of Europe
was stopped; thus, the 'Share Mania' in India begun. The number of brokers increased to about
200 to 250. However, at the end of the American Civil War, in 1865, a disastrous slump began
(for example, Bank of Bombay Share which had touched Rs 2850 could only be sold at Rs.
87).
At the end of the American Civil War, the brokers who thrived out of Civil War in 1874,
found a place in a street (now appropriately called as Dalal Street) where they would
conveniently assemble and transact business. In 1887, they formally established in Bombay,
the "Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association" (which is alternatively known as " The
Stock Exchange "). In 1895, the Stock Exchange acquired a premise in the same street and it
was inaugurated in 1899. Thus, the Stock Exchange at Bombay was consolidated.
Other leading cities in stock market operations
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Ahmadabad gained importance next to Bombay with respect to cotton textile industry. After
1880, many mills originated from Ahmadabad and rapidly forged ahead. As new mills were
floated, the need for a Stock Exchange at Ahmadabad was realized and in 1894 the brokers
formed "The Ahmadabad Share and Stock Brokers' Association".
What the cotton textile industry was to Bombay and Ahmadabad, the jute industry was to
Calcutta. Also tea and coal industries were the other major industrial groups in Calcutta. After
the Share Mania in 1861-65, in the 1870's there was a sharp boom in jute shares, which was
followed by a boom in tea shares in the 1880's and 1890's; and a coal boom between 1904 and
1908. On June 1908, some leading brokers formed "The Calcutta Stock Exchange
Association".
In the beginning of the twentieth century, the industrial revolution was on the way in India
with the Swadeshi Movement; and with the inauguration of the Tata Iron and Steel Company
Limited in 1907, an important stage in industrial advancement under Indian enterprise was
reached.
Indian cotton and jute textiles, steel, sugar, paper and flour mills and all companies generally
enjoyed phenomenal prosperity, due to the First World War.
In 1920, the then demure city of Madras had the maiden thrill of a stock exchange functioning
in its midst, under the name and style of "The Madras Stock Exchange" with 100 members.
However, when boom faded, the number of members stood reduced from 100 to 3, by 1923,
and so it went out of existence.
In 1935, the stock market activity improved, especially in South India where there was a rapid
increase in the number of textile mills and many plantation companies were floated. In 1937,
a stock exchange was once again organized in Madras - Madras Stock Exchange Association
(Pvt) Limited. (In 1957 the name was changed to Madras Stock Exchange Limited).
Lahore Stock Exchange was formed in 1934 and it had a brief life. It was merged with the
Punjab Stock Exchange Limited, which was incorporated in 1936.
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Thus, during early sixties there were eight recognized stock exchanges in India (mentioned
above). The number virtually remained unchanged, for nearly two decades. During eighties,
however, many stock exchanges were established: Cochin Stock Exchange (1980), Uttar
Pradesh Stock Exchange Association Limited (at Kanpur, 1982), and Pune Stock Exchange
Limited (1982), Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association Limited (1983), Gauhati Stock
Exchange Limited (1984), Kanara Stock Exchange Limited (at Mangalore, 1985), Magadh
Stock Exchange Association (at Patna, 1986), Jaipur Stock Exchange Limited (1989),
Bhubaneswar Stock Exchange Association Limited (1989), Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange
Limited (at Rajkot, 1989), Vadodara Stock Exchange Limited (at Baroda, 1990) and recently
established exchanges - Coimbatore and Meerut. Thus, at present, there are totally twenty one
recognized stock exchanges in India excluding the Over The Counter Exchange of India
Limited (OTCEI) and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSEIL).
The Table given below portrays the overall growth pattern of Indian stock markets since
independence. It is quite evident from the Table that Indian stock markets have not only
grown just in number of exchanges, but also in number of listed companies and in capital of
listed companies. The remarkable growth after 1985 can be clearly seen from the Table, and
this was due to the favouring government policies towards security market industry.
Trading Pattern of the Indian Stock Market
Trading in Indian stock exchanges are limited to listed securities of public limited companies.
They are broadly divided into two categories, namely, specified securities (forward list) and
non-specified securities (cash list). Equity shares of dividend paying, growth-oriented
companies with a paid-up capital of atleast Rs.50 million and a market capitalization of atleast
Rs.100 million and having more than 20,000 shareholders are, normally, put in the specified
group and the balance in non-specified group.
Two types of transactions can be carried out on the Indian stock exchanges: (a) spot delivery
transactions "for delivery and payment within the time or on the date stipulated when entering
into the contract which shall not be more than 14 days following the date of the contract" :
and (b) forward transactions "delivery and payment can be extended by further period of 14
14
days each so that the overall period does not exceed 90 days from the date of the contract".
The latter is permitted only in the case of specified shares. The brokers who carry over the
outstandings pay carry over charges (cantango or backwardation) which are usually
determined by the rates of interest prevailing.
A member broker in an Indian stock exchange can act as an agent, buy and sell securities for
his clients on a commission basis and also can act as a trader or dealer as a principal, buy and
sell securities on his own account and risk, in contrast with the practice prevailing on New
York and London Stock Exchanges, where a member can act as a jobber or a broker only.
The nature of trading on Indian Stock Exchanges are that of age old conventional style of
face-to-face trading with bids and offers being made by open outcry. However, there is a great
amount of effort to modernize the Indian stock exchanges in the very recent times.
Over The Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI)
The traditional trading mechanism prevailed in the Indian stock markets gave way to many
functional inefficiencies, such as, absence of liquidity, lack of transparency, unduly long
settlement periods and benami transactions, which affected the small investors to a great
extent. To provide improved services to investors, the country's first ringless, scripless,
electronic stock exchange - OTCEI - was created in 1992 by country's premier financial
institutions - Unit Trust of India, Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India,
Industrial Development Bank of India, SBI Capital Markets, Industrial Finance Corporation
of India, General Insurance Corporation and its subsidiaries and CanBank Financial Services.
Trading at OTCEI is done over the centres spread across the country. Securities traded on the
OTCEI are classified into:
Listed Securities - The shares and debentures of the companies listed on the OTC can
be bought or sold at any OTC counter all over the country and they should not be
listed anywhere else
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Permitted Securities - Certain shares and debentures listed on other exchanges and
units of mutual funds are allowed to be traded
Initiated debentures - Any equity holding atleast one lakh debentures of a particular
scrip can offer them for trading on the OTC.
OTC has a unique feature of trading compared to other traditional exchanges. That is,
certificates of listed securities and initiated debentures are not traded at OTC. The original
certificate will be safely with the custodian. But, a counter receipt is generated out at the
counter which substitutes the share certificate and is used for all transactions.
In the case of permitted securities, the system is similar to a traditional stock exchange. The
difference is that the delivery and payment procedure will be completed within 14 days.
Compared to the traditional Exchanges, OTC Exchange network has the following
advantages:
OTCEI has widely dispersed trading mechanism across the country which provides
greater liquidity and lesser risk of intermediary charges.
Since the exact price of the transaction is shown on the computer screen, the investor
gets to know the exact price at which s/he is trading.
In the case of an OTC issue (new issue), the allotment procedure is completed in a
month and trading commences after a month of the issue closure, whereas it takes a
longer period for the same with respect to other exchanges.
Thus, with the superior trading mechanism coupled with information transparency investors
are gradually becoming aware of the manifold advantages of the OTCEI.
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match the transaction will be completed and a confirmation slip will be printed at the office of
the trading member.
NSE has several advantages over the traditional trading exchanges. They are as follows:
NSE brings an integrated stock market trading network across the nation.
Investors can trade at the same price from anywhere in the country since inter-market
operations are streamlined coupled with the countrywide access to the securities.
Unless stock markets provide professionalized service, small investors and foreign investors
will not be interested in capital market operations. And capital market being one of the major
source of long-term finance for industrial projects, India cannot afford to damage the capital
market path. In this regard NSE gains vital importance in the Indian capital market system.
Preamble
Often, in the economic literature we find the terms development and growth are used
interchangeably. However, there is a difference. Economic growth refers to the sustained
increase in per capita or total income, while the term economic development implies sustained
structural change, including all the complex effects of economic growth. In other words,
growth is associated with free enterprise, where as development requires some sort of control
and regulation of the forces affecting development. Thus, economic development is a process
and growth is a phenomenon.
Economic planning is very critical for a nation, especially a developing country like India to
take the country in the path of economic development to attain economic growth.
Why Economic Planning for India?
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One of the major objective of planning in India is to increase the rate of economic
development, implying that increasing the rate of capital formation by raising the levels of
income, saving and investment. However, increasing the rate of capital formation in India is
beset with a number of difficulties. People are poverty ridden. Their capacity to save is
extremely low due to low levels of income and high propensity to consume. Therefor, the rate
of investment is low which leads to capital deficiency and low productivity. Low productivity
means low income and the vicious circle continues. Thus, to break this vicious economic
circle, planning is inevitable for India.
The market mechanism works imperfectly in developing nations due to the ignorance and
unfamiliarity with it. Therefore, to improve and strengthen market mechanism planning is
very vital. In India, a large portion of the economy is non-monitised; the product, factors of
production, money and capital markets is not organized properly. Thus the prevailing price
mechanism fails to bring about adjustments between aggregate demand and supply of goods
and services. Thus, to improve the economy, market imperfections has to be removed;
available resources has to be mobilized and utilized efficiently; and structural rigidities has to
be overcome. These can be attained only through planning.
In India, capital is scarce; and unemployment and disguised unemployment is prevalent. Thus,
where capital was being scarce and labour being abundant, providing useful employment
opportunities to an increasing labour force is a difficult exercise. Only a centralized planning
model can solve this macro problem of India.
Further, in a country like India where agricultural dependence is very high, one cannot ignore
this segment in the process of economic development. Therefore, an economic development
model has to consider a balanced approach to link both agriculture and industry and lead for a
paralleled growth. Not to mention, both agriculture and industry cannot develop without
adequate infrastructural facilities which only the state can provide and this is possible only
through a well carved out planning strategy. The governments role in providing infrastructure
is unavoidable due to the fact that the role of private sector in infrastructural development of
India is very minimal since these infrastructure projects are considered as unprofitable by the
private sector.
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Further, India is a clear case of income disparity. Thus, it is the duty of the state to reduce the
prevailing income inequalities. This is possible only through planning.
20
To make an assessment of the material, capital and human resources of the country,
including technical personnel, and investigate the possibilities of augmenting such of
these resources as are found to be deficient in relation to the nations requirement.
To formulate a plan for the most effective and balanced use of the countrys resources.
Having determined the priorities, to define the stages in which the plan should be
carried out, and propose the allocation of resources for the completion of each stage.
To indicate the factors which are tending to retard economic development, and
determine the conditions which, in view of the current social and political situation,
should be established for the successful execution of the Plan.
To determine the nature of the machinery this will be necessary for securing the
successful implementation of each stage of Plan in all its aspects.
To appraise from time to time the progress achieved in the execution of each stage of
the Plan and recommend the adjustments of policy and measures that such appraisals
may show to be necessary.
Elimination of poverty
21
Economic growth, as the primary objective has remained in focus in all Five Year Plans.
Approximately, economic growth has been targeted at a rate of five per cent per annum. High
priority to economic growth in Indian Plans looks very much justified in view of long period
of stagnation during the British rule
CHAPTER-III
COMPANY PROFILE
22
We offer trading on a vast platform National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange.
More importantly, we make trading safe to the maximum possible extent, by accounting for
several risk factors and planning accordingly. We are assisted in this task by our in-depth
research, constant feedback and sound advisory facilities. Our highly skilled research team,
comprising of technical analysts as well as fundamental specialists, secure result-oriented
information on market trends, market analysis and market predictions. This crucial
information is given as a constant feedback to our customers, through daily reports delivered
thrice daily ; The Pre-session Report, where market scenario for the day is predicted, The
Mid-session Report, timed to arrive during lunch break , where the market forecast for the rest
of the day is given and The Post-session Report, the final report for the day, where the market
and the report itself is reviewed. To add to this repository of information, we publish a
monthly magazine "Karvy The Finapolis", which analyzes the latest stock market trends and
takes a close look at the various investment options, and products available in the market,
while a weekly report, called "Karvy Bazaar Baatein", keeps you more informed on the
immediate trends in the stock market. In addition, our specific industry reports give
comprehensive information on various industries. Besides this, we also offer special portfolio
analysis packages that provide daily technical advice on scrips for successful portfolio
management and provide customized advisory services to help you make the right financial
moves that are specifically suited to your portfolio.
Our Stock Broking services are widely networked across India, with the number of our
trading terminals providing retail stock broking facilities. Our services have increasingly
offered customer oriented convenience, which we provide to a spectrum of investors, highnetworth or otherwise, with equal dedication and competence.
But true to our spirit, this success is not our final destination, but just a platform to launch
further enhanced quality services to provide you the latest in convenient, customer-friendly
stock management.
Over the years we have ensured that the trust of our customers is our biggest returns. Factors
such as our success in the Electronic custody business has helped build on our tradition of
trust even more. Consequentially our retail client base expanded very fast.
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To empower the investor further we have made serious efforts to ensure that our research calls
are disseminated systematically to all our stock broking clients through various delivery
channels like email, chat, SMS, phone calls etc.
Our foray into commodities broking has been path breaking and we are in the process of
converting existing traders in commodities into the more organized mainstream of trading in
commodity
futures,
both
as
trading
and
risk
hedging
mechanism.
In the future, our focus will be on the emerging businesses and to meet this objective, we have
enhanced our manpower and revitalized our knowledge base with enhances focus on Futures
and Options as well as the commodities business.
Depository Participants
The onset of the technology revolution in financial services Industry saw the emergence of
Karvy as an electronic custodian registered with National Securities Depository Ltd
(NSDL) and Central Securities Depository Ltd (CSDL) in 1998. Karvy set standards
enabling further comfort to the investor by promoting paperless trading across the country and
emerged as the top 3 Depository Participants in the country in terms of customer serviced.
Offering a wide trading platform with a dual membership at both NSDL and CDSL, we are a
powerful medium for trading and settlement of dematerialized shares. We have established
live DPMs, Internet access to accounts and an easier transaction process in order to offer more
convenience to individual and corporate investors. A team of professional and the latest
technological expertise allocated exclusively to our demat division including technological
enhancements like SPEED-e, make our response time quick and our delivery impeccable. A
wide national network makes our efficiencies accessible to all.
Karvy Consultants Limited was started in the year 1981, with the vision and enterprise of a
small group of practicing Chartered Accountants. Initially it was started with consulting and
financial accounting automation, and carved inroads into the field of registry and share
accounting by 1985. Since then, it has utilized its experience and superlative expertise to go
from strength to strengthto better its services, to provide new ones, to innovate, diversify
25
and in the process, evolved as one of Indias premier integrated financial service enterprise.
Today, Karvy has access to millions of Indian shareholders, besides companies, banks,
financial institutions and regulatory agencies. Over the past one and half decades, Karvy has
evolved as a veritable link between industry, finance and people. In January 1998, Karvy
became the first Depository Participant in Andhra Pradesh. An ISO 9002 company, Karvy's
commitment to quality and retail reach has made it an integrated financial services company.
An Overview:
KARVY, is a premier integrated financial services provider, and ranked among the top five in
the country in all its business segments, services over 16 million individual investors in
various capacities, and provides investor services to over 300 corporates, comprising the who
is who of Corporate India. KARVY covers the entire spectrum of financial services such as
Stock broking, Depository Participants, Distribution of financial products - mutual funds,
bonds, fixed deposit, equities, Insurance Broking, Commodities Broking, Personal Finance
Advisory Services, Merchant Banking & Corporate Finance, placement of equity, IPOs,
among others. Karvy has a professional management team and ranks among the best in
technology, operations and research of various industrial segments.
Today, Karvy service over 6.5 lakhs customer accounts spread across over 250 cities/towns in
India and serves more than 85 million shareholders across 7500 corporate clients and makes
its presence felt in over 15 countries across 5 continents. All of Karvy services are also backed
by strong quality aspects, which have helped Karvy to be certified as an ISO 9002 company
by DNV.
ACHIEVEMENTS:
Among the top 5 stock brokers in India (4% of NSE volumes)
India's No. 1 Registrar & Securities Transfer Agents
Among the top 3 Depository Participants
Largest Network of Branches & Business Associates
ISO 9001:2000 certified operations by DNV
Among top 10 Investment bankers
Largest Distributor of Financial Products
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IT enabled services
Besides these, they also offer special portfolio analysis packages that provide daily technical
advice on scrips for successful portfolio management and provide customized advisory
services to help customers make the right financial moves that are specifically suited to their
portfolio. They are continually engaged in designing the right investment portfolio for each
customer according to individual needs and budget considerations.
27
Karvy Consultants limited deals in Registrar and Investment Services. Karvy is one of the
early entrants registered as Depository Participant with NSDL (National Securities Depository
Limited), the first Depository in the country and then with CDSL (Central Depository
Services Limited).
Karvy stock broking is a member of National Stock Exchange (NSE), The Bombay Stock
Exchange (BSE), and The Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE). The services provided are multi
dimensional and multi-focused in their scope: to analyze the latest stock market trends and to
take a close looks at the various investment options and products available in the market.
Besides this, they also offer special portfolio analysis packages.
The paradigm shift from pure selling to knowledge based selling drives the business
today. The monthly magazine, Finapolis, provides up-dated market information on market
trends, investment options, opinions etc. Thus empowering the investor to base every
financial move on rational thought and prudent analysis and embark on the path to wealth
creation.
Karvy is recognized as a leading merchant banker in the country, Karvy is registered with
SEBI as a Category I merchant banker. This reputation was built by capitalizing on
opportunities in corporate consolidations, mergers and acquisitions and corporate
restructuring.
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Karvy has a tie up with the worlds largest transfer agent, the leading Australian company,
Computer share Limited. It has attained a position of immense strength as a provider of
across-the-board transfer agency services to AMCs, Distributors and Investors. Besides
providing the entire back office processing, it also provides the link between various Mutual
Funds and the investor.
Karvy global services limited covers Banking, Financial and Insurance Services (BFIS),
Retail and Merchandising, Leisure and Entertainment, Energy and Utility and Healthcare
sectors.
Karvy comtrade limited trades in all goods and products of agricultural and mineral origin
that include lucrative commodities like gold and silver and popular items like oil, pulses and
cotton through a well-systematized trading platform.
Karvy Insurance Broking Pvt. Ltd. provides both life and non-life insurance products to
retail individuals, high net-worth clients and corporates. With Indian markets seeing a sea
change, both in terms of investment pattern and attitude of investors, insurance is no more
seen as only a tax saving product but also as an investment product.
Karvy Inc. is located in New York to provide various financial products and information
29
on Indian equities to potential foreign institutional investors (FIIs) in the region. This entity
would extensively facilitate various businesses of Karvy viz., stock broking (Indian equities),
research and investment by QIBs in Indian markets for both secondary and primary offerings.
.Quality Policy:
To achieve and retain leadership, Karvy shall aim for complete customer satisfaction, by
combining its human and technological resources, to provide superior quality financial
services. In the process, Karvy will strive to exceed Customer's expectations.
Quality Objectives
As per the Quality Policy, Karvy will:
Build in-house processes that will ensure transparent and harmonious relationships
with its clients and investors to provide high quality of services.
Establish a partner relationship with its investor service agents and vendors that will
help in keeping up its commitments to the customers.
Provide high quality of work life for all its employees and equip them with adequate
knowledge & skills so as to respond to customer's needs.
Continue to uphold the values of honesty & integrity and strive to establish
unparalleled standards in business ethics.
Use state-of-the art information technology in developing new and innovative financial
products and services to meet the changing needs of investors and clients.
Strive to be a reliable source of value-added financial products and services and
constantly guide the individuals and institutions in making a judicious choice of same.
Strive to keep all stake-holders (shareholders, clients, investors, employees, suppliers and
regulatory authorities) proud and satisfied
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CHAPTER-IV
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
31
ONLINE TRADING
Before getting in to the online trading we should know some things about the internet, ecommerce and etc.
1.
Internet
32
The use of Internet has grown 2000 percent in last decade and is currently growing at
10 percent per month. In India, growth of Internet is of recent times. It is expected to bring
changes in every functional area of business activity including management and financial
services. It offers stock trading at a lower cost. Internet can change the nature and capacity
of stock broking business in India.
2. E-commerce
Electronic commerce is associated with buying and selling over computer
communication networks. It helps conduct traditional commerce through new way of
transferring and processing of information. Information is electronically transferred from
computer to computer in an automated way. E-commerce refers to the paperless exchange
of business information using electronic data inter change, electronic technologies. It not
only reduces manual processes and paper transactions but also helps organization move to
a fully electronic environment and change the way they operated.
PCs and networking attempts to introduce banks of the tools and technologies
required for electronic commerce. The computers are either workstations of individual
office works or serves where large databases and information reside. Network connects
both categories of computers; the various operating systems are the most basis program
within a computer. It manages the resources of the computer system in a fair and efficient
manner.
Now we can enter in to the concept known as online trading.
In the past, investors had no option but to contact their broker to get real time access to
market data. The net brings data to the investor on-line and net broking enables him to
trade on a click of mouse. Now information has become easily accessible to both retail as
well as big investor.
EVOLUTION OF BROKING IN INDIA:
The evolution of a broking in India can be categorized in three phases
Stockbrokers will offer on their sites features such as live portfolio manager, live
quotes, market research and news, etc. to attract more investors.
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Brokers will offer online broking and relationship management by providing and
offering analysis and information to investors during broking and non-broking
hours based on their profile and needs, i.e. customized services.
Brokers (now e-brokers) will offer value management or services like initial public
offering online, on-line asset allocation, portfolio management, financial planning,
tax planning, insurance services, etc. and enables the investors to take better and
well considered decisions.
regulation
Investor protection
Some of the brokers offering net trading include ICICI direct, kotakstreet, etc.
Requirements for net trading:
For investors:
1. Installation of a computer with required specification
2. Installation of a modem
3. Telephone connection
4. Registration for on-line trading with broker
5. A bank account
6. Depository account
7. Compliance with SEBI guidelines for net trading
The following should be produced to get a demat account and online trading account:
As identity proof & address proof any one of the following:
Voter ID card
Driving license
Ration card
Telephone bill
First page of the bank pass book and last 6 months statement.
Bank managers signature along with banks seal, manager registration code on
photograph.
Stock analysis
37
Register as client/investor
Fill the application form and client broker agreement form on the requisite
value
stamp paper
Market watch page will show real time on-line market data
Brokers server will check your limit in the on-line account and demat account for the
number of shares and execute the trade
Demat account and the bank account will get debited and credited by electronic
means.
Limit / stop orders: orders that can be go unfilled, but there is an extra Charge for this
leeway facility since one need to hold a price.
Market orders: orders can be filled at unexpected prices, but this type is much more
risky, since you have to buy stock at the given price.
Cash account: where funds have to be available prior to placing the order.
Margin account: where orders can be placed against stocks, to increase Purchasing
power.
Online trading has made it possible for anyone to have easy and efficient access to
more reports and charts than it was previously possible if one went to any brokers'
office. Thus we have access to a lot more information online.
38
Online trading has let room for smaller organizations to compete with multinational
organizations since it is no longer a leg it issue. Being online does not identify the size
of any particular organization, therefore, this additional power to the underdogs.
Online trading has allowed companies to locate themselves where they want as
physical location is not an issue anymore. Companies can establish themselves
according to their gains and losses, for instance where tax (sales and value added
taxes) is best suited to them.
Online trading gives control to individuals and they can exercise it over accounts thus
comprehend what is going on when they trade. It is like going back to school and reeducating oneself on how to trade online.
Individuals benefit by saving comparatively a lot more when trading online as the
cost per trade is less.
Individuals can invest in a variety of products, unlike earlier when people bought
bonds, mutual funds, and stock for long-term basis and sat on them. Now they can
invest in stocks, stock and index options mutual funds, government, and even
insurance.
They have control over their accounts, can make their own decisions and dont have to
give reasons for their actions. They are independent.
They have a reason to participate in the market and learn about it.
A lot of information is online so they can keep up-to-date with what is happening in
the trading world.
The immediate impact will be competition and benefits will accrue to the investors.
It will lead to brokerage commissions going down and brokers striving to increase
business afloat.
Investors will now go to place, which have better trading conditions and also members
to offer them better facilities.
They have access to numerous tools to invest, and can create their own portfolio.
When network crashes, there will be problems and delays due to a large influx of rapid
online trading criteria.
Individuals are restricted to first-hand financial guidance. This simply means that the
individual is himself / herself alone to.
A tax (sales tax and value added tax) evaluation becomes an issue, especially when
you are trading internationally.
One has no idea with whom he is dealing with on the other end.
Individuals think that they are trading with the market directly and know what they are
doing, but the truth is that even though technology has taken over, the basic rules of
trading are the same. It seems that the middleman has been removed, but that is not so.
When the individuals click on the mouse, his trade goes through a broker. The
commissions online pertain to the intermediary.
There is a need for more effective communication links over the Internet and the
ability of the server to deal with a large volume of visitors.
41
At present there are 23 stock exchanges recognized under the securities contracts
(regulation), Act, 1956. Those are:
1. Ahmedabad Stock Exchange Association Ltd.
2. Bangalore Stock Exchange
3. Bhubaneshwar Stock Exchange Association
4. Calcutta Stock Exchange
5. Cochin Stock Exchange Ltd.
6. Coimbatore Stock Exchange
7. Delhi Stock Exchange Association
8. Guwahati Stock Exchange Ltd
9. Hyderabad Stock Exchange Ltd.(Presently not working)
10. Jaipur Stock Exchange Ltd
11. Kanara Stock Exchange Ltd
12. Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association Ltd
13. Madras Stock Exchange
14. Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Ltd.
15. Magadh Stock Exchange Limited
16. Meerut Stock Exchange Ltd.
17. Mumbai Stock Exchange
18. National Stock Exchange of India
19. OTC Exchange of India
20. Pune Stock Exchange Ltd.
21. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd.
22. Uttar Pradesh Stock Exchange Association
23. Vadodara Stock Exchange Ltd.
Out of these major stock exchanges were:
NSE
42
The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High
Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended
promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to
investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations,
NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India
and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock
exchanges in the country. On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities
Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale
Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment
commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced
in June 2000
NSE's mission is setting the agenda for change in the securities markets in India. The NSE
was set-up with the main objectives of:
Ensuring equal access to investors all over the country through an appropriate
communication network.
Enabling shorter settlement cycles and book entry settlements systems, and
The standards set by NSE in terms of market practices and technology, have become
industry benchmarks and are being emulated by other market participants. NSE is more
than a mere market facilitator. It's that force which is guiding the industry towards new
horizons and greater opportunities.
BSE
The Stock Exchange, Mumbai, popularly known as "BSE" was established in 1875 as "The
Native Share and Stock Brokers Association". It is the oldest one in Asia, even older than the
Tokyo Stock Exchange, which was established in 1878. It is a voluntary non-profit making
Association of Persons (AOP) and is currently engaged in the process of converting itself into
43
demutualised and corporate entity. It has evolved over the years into its present status as the
premier Stock Exchange in the country. It is the first Stock Exchange in the Country to have
obtained permanent recognition in 1956 from the Govt. of India under the Securities
Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956.The Exchange, while providing an efficient and transparent
market for trading in securities, debt and derivatives upholds the interests of the investors and
ensures redresses of their grievances whether against the companies or its own memberbrokers. It also strives to educate and enlighten the investors by conducting investor education
programmers and making available to them necessary informative inputs.
A Governing Board having 20 directors is the apex body, which decides the policies and
regulates the affairs of the Exchange. The Governing Board consists of 9 elected directors,
who are from the broking community (one third of them retire ever year by rotation), three
SEBI nominees, six public representatives and an Executive Director & Chief Executive
Officer and a Chief Operating Officer.
The Executive Director as the Chief Executive Officer is responsible for the day-to-day
administration of the Exchange and the Chief Operating Officer and other Heads of
Department assist him.
The Exchange has inserted new Rule No.126 A in its Rules, Byelaws pertaining to
constitution of the Executive Committee of the Exchange. Accordingly, an Executive
Committee, consisting of three elected directors, three SEBI nominees or public
representatives, Executive Director & CEO and Chief Operating Officer has been constituted.
The Committee considers judicial & quasi matters in which the Governing Board has powers
as an Appellate Authority, matters regarding annulment of transactions, admission,
continuance and suspension of member-brokers, declaration of a member-broker as defaulter,
norms, procedures and other matters relating to arbitration, fees, deposits, margins and other
monies payable by the member-brokers to the Exchange, etc.
44
Regulating the business in stock exchanges and any other securities market.
Performing such functions and exercising such powers under the provisions of
capital issues (control) act, 1947and the securities to it by the central government.
Board of Directors of Stock Exchange has to be reconstituted so as to include nonmembers, public representatives and government representatives to the extent of 50%
of total number of members.
Capital adequacy norms have been laid down for the members of various stock
exchanges depending upon their turnover of trade and other factors.
All recognized stock exchanges will have to inform about transactions within 24 hrs.
TYPES OF ORDERS:
Buy and sell orders placed with members of the stock exchange by the investors. The
orders are of different types.
Limit orders: Orders are limited by a fixed price. E.g. buy Reliance Petroleum at
Rs.50.Here, the order has clearly indicated the price at which it has to be bought and the
investor is not willing to give more than Rs.50.
46
Best rate order: Here, the buyer or seller gives the freedom to the broker to execute the
order at the best possible rate quoted on the particular date for buying. It may be lowest
rate for buying and highest rate for selling.
Discretionary order: The investor gives the range of price for purchase and sale. The
broker can use his discretion to buy within the specified limit. Generally the
approximation price is fixed. The order stands as this buy BRC 100 shares around
Rs.40.
Stop loss order: The orders are given to limit the loss due to unfavorable price movement
in the market. A particular limit is given for waiting. If the price falls below the limit, the
broker is authorized to sell the shares to prevent further loss. E.g. Sell BRC limited at
Rs.24, stop loss at Rs.22.
Buying and selling shares: To buy and sell the shares the investor has to locate register
broker or sub broker who render prompt and efficient service to him. The order to buy or
sell specifying the number of shares of the company of investors choice is placed with the
broker. The order may be of any type. After receiving the order the broker tries to execute
the order in his computer terminal. Once matching order is found, the order is executed.
The broker then delivers the contract note to the investor. It gives the details regarding the
name of the company, number of shares bought, price, brokerage, and the date of delivery
of share. In this physical trading form, once the broker gets the share certificate through
the clearing houses he delivers the share certificate along with transfer deed to the
investor. The investor has to fill the transfer deed and stamp it. The stamp duty is one of
the percentage considerations, the investor should lodge the share certificate and transfer
deed to the register or transfer agent of the company. If it is bought in the DEMAT form,
the broker has to give a matching instruction to his depository participant to transfer
shares bought to the investors account. The investor should be account holder in any of
the depository participant. In the case of sale of shares on receiving payment from the
purchasing broker, the broker effects the payment to the investor.
Share groups: The
scrips
traded on the
BSE have
been classified
into
A,B1,B2,C,F and Z groups. The A group represents those, which are in the
carry forward system. The F group represents the debt market segment (fixed income
47
securities). The Z group scrips are of the blacklisted companies. The C group covers the
odd lot securities in A, B1&B2 groups.
ROLLING SETTLEMENT SYSTEM:
Under rolling settlement system, the settlement takes place n days (usually 1, 2, 3 or
5days) after the trading day. The shares bought and sold are paid in for n days after the
trading day of the particular transaction. Share settlement is likely to be completed much
sooner after the transaction than under the fixed settlement system.
The rolling settlement system is noted by T+N i.e. the settlement period is n days after the
trading day. A rolling period which offers a large number of days negates the advantages
of the system. Generally longer settlement periods are shortened gradually.
SEBI made RS compulsory for trading in 10 securities selected on the basis of the criteria
that they were in compulsory demat list and had daily turnover of about Rs.1 crore or
more. Then it was extended to A stocks in Modified Carry Forward Scheme, Automated
Lending and Borrowing Mechanism (ALBM) and Borrowing and lending Securities
Scheme (BELSS) with effect from Dec 31, 2001.
SEBI has introduced T+5 rolling settlement in equity market from July 2001 and
subsequently shortened the cycle to T+3 from April 2002. After the T+3 rolling settlement
experience it was further reduced to T+2 to reduce the risk in the market and to protect the
interest of the investors from 1st April 2003.
Activities on T+1: conformation of the institutional trades by the custodian is sent to the
stock exchange by 11.00 am. A provision of an exception window would be available for
late confirmation. The time limit and the additional changes for the exception window are
dedicated by the exchange.
The exchanges/clearing house/ clearing corporation would process and download the
obligation files to the brokers terminals late by 1.30 p.m on T+1. Depository participants
accept the instructions for pay in securities by investors in physical form upto 4 p.m and in
electronic form upto 6 p.m. the depositories accept from other DPs till 8p.m for same day
processing.
Activities on T+2: The depository permits the download of the paying in files of
securities and funds till 10.30 a.m on T+2 from the brokers pool accounts. The depository
processes the pay in requests and transfers the consolidated pay in files to clearing
48
49
CHAPTER-V
DATA ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION
DATA ANALYSIS&INTERPRETATION
OUTCRY SYSTEM
50
The broker has to buy or sell securities for which he has received the orders. For this, the
broker or his authorized representatives goes to the stock exchange. This method is called
the open outcry system. Basically the brokers shout while buying or selling the securities.
The floor of the stock exchange is divided into a number of markets also known as post
pit or wing based on particular securities dealt there.
In the post pit or wing, the broker using open outcry method makes an offer or bid
price. For making the necessary bargain, he quotes his purchase or sale price, also known
as offer or bid price. The dealer, to whom the price is quoted, quotes his own price when
the quotation of the dealer suits the broker, he may loose the bargain. If he is not satisfied
with the quote price, he may turn to some other dealer. On the close of the bargain, the
dealer as well as the broker makes a brief note of the particulars of the deal. Such notes
are made on some pad and on it the number of shares, the price agreed upon, the name of
the party, what membership number etc., are noted.
DISADVANTAGES OF OUTCRY SYSTEM:
It lacks transparency.
Signal were more important in the outcry system any member who could not interpret
the buy/sell signal correctly often landed himself in disaster situation.
Due to the above disadvantages of the outcry system the Networth Stock Broking
Ltd has shifted from outcry system to online trading from February 29th 1997.
MANUAL TRADING
Trading procedure before introduction of online trading
Trading on stock exchanges is officially done in the trading ring. In the trading ring
the space is provided for specified and non-specified sections, the members and their
authorized assistants have to wear a badge or carry with them an identity card given by the
exchange to enter the trading ring. They carry a sauda book or confirmation memos, duly
authorized by the exchange and carry a pen with them. The stock exchanges operations
are floor level are technical in nature .Non-members are not permitted to enter in to stock
51
DEMATERLIZATION:
52
It reduces the risk of bad deliveries, in turn saving the cost and wastage of time
associated with follow up for rectification. This has lead to reduction in brokerage
to the extent of 0.5% by quite a few brokerage firms.
In case of transfer of electronic shares, you save 0.5% in stamp duty. You avoid the
cost of courier / notarization.
You can receive your bonuses and rights issues into your DA as a direct credit, this
eliminating risk of loss in transit.
53
You can also expect a lower interest charge for loans taken against Demat shares
as compared to loans against physical shares.
There is no lost in transit, thus the overheads of getting a duplicate copy in such
circumstances is reduced.
RBI has also reduced the minimum margin to 25% for loans against
dematerialized securities as against 50% for loans against physical securities.
The ease of operation from the view of the both members and the investors.
All these resulted in ever-increasing volumes on the exchanges offering the online trading.
TRADING PROCEDURE AT SHARE KHAN STOCK BROCKING
Share Khan deals in buying and selling equity shares and debentures on the National
Stock Exchange (NSE), the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the Over-The-Counter
Exchange of India (OTCEI).
Share Khan is provided with a computer and required software from their registered
stock exchanges. These centers are called Broker Work Stations. These computers are
connected to the server at the stock exchanges through cable.
The member or broker sitting in his office can send the quotations, orders, negotiations,
deals, in-house deals, auction orders etc., through the computer. The Central trading
system (CTS) will accept these orders and send it for match. If there is any mistake in the
order, CTS will reject the orders and send respective error message to the member
concern. All these operations are in built. The main objective of CTS is to monitor the
Stock Exchanges operations.
Order placed by the broker will be sent for a match and if the match is found suitable, the
transaction will be executed. Otherwise, the order will be deleted automatically after
54
completion of trading time. The carry forward transactions (Good Till cancellation) are
forwarded to the next day. Even if the match is not found with in the prescribed period, the
order will not cancel.
TRADING SESSION
Trading timings are from 9:55 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. on all 5 days of the trading period.
Monday to Friday is the trading period in all the stock exchanges. SEBI has stipulated that all
the stock exchanges in India must have same trading period.
BROKER WORK STATION:
At the broker workstation the BBOs, the last traded price, the days opening price,
previous days closing price, highest and lowest prices, the weighted average price and
total trade value will be available continuously, as the BBO for each scrip.
Other information will be available on query from the BWS. These include top gainers
/losers of the day. Trader-wise, scrip wise net position, client wise net position, top scrip
by the volume/value, market summary etc.
Brokers are also provided with information relating to the companies in the matter of
Book closure, Dividend declarations, resolutions in board meeting, information about
liquidated companies, company report etc.
ORDERS:
Orders can be done one at a time or in a batch mode.
The submitted order will be accepted at the CTS, after validation if it finds any invalid
reason the order is return back to the BWS, with the appropriate error message.
If Accepted at the CTS it will be added to the local pending order book.
The order will then be taken up for matching, if it is a buy order the system tries to
find a sell order, which fits the requirement of the buy order, when such match is found
a trade gets executed. Each trade involves two brokers and
respective traders who sent the order. Both these traders are informed of the trade
being executed at their respective BWS.
At the BWS the trade is added to the local trade book.
Orders sent by the brokers are two types:
Rolling settlement: Under this rolling settlement the trading is on T+2,basis i.e. if
Monday is trading day then Wednesday is the paying day . In case on non-delivery, the
securities will go for auction.
DETAILS OF PROCEDURES:
Delivery in : The members who are in pay-out position delivers share certificates in to
clearing house within the settlement period along with the delivery Chelan filled in with the
details of share certificates which has folio numbers or distinctive numbers etc.
Delivery out: The buyer of shares who made pay in position will take delivery of shares
from the clearing house.
Pay-in: The member who is in paying position shall pay for value of shares with in the
trading settlement period (T+2).
Payout: The cheques paid in the clearinghouse will be paid to members who are in paying
position.
All disputes arising between members regarding non-deliveries, non-payments, good and
bad deliveries pertaining to the settlement will be settled by the settlement committee of the
exchange.
The given flow chart clearly explains the process of online trading:
57
L o g in
S e ll t r a n s c a t io n
B u y t r a n s c a t io n
T h e s y s te m w ill c h e c k y o u r
d p ac c o u n t q u an tity
T h e s y s te m w ill c h e c k b u y in g
lim its
O rd e rs ac c e p te d
R e je c t e d o r d e r s w o u ld b e
c o m m u n ic a t e d a lo n g w it h r e a s o n s
o rd e rs ac c e p te d
y o u r o r d e r is t r a n s m it t e d t o e x c h a n g e f o r e x e c u t io n
p e n d in g b u y o r d e r s
w o u ld b e d is p la y e d
o n y o u r s c re e n
y o u m a y e d it y o u r
p e n d in g o r d e r
o n e x e c u t io n
o f y o u r o rd e rs
y o u m a y e d it y o u r
p e n d in g o r d e r
y o u m a y d e le t e
y o u r p e n d in g o r d e r
f la s h e d o n y o u r
s c r e e n im m e d ia t e ly
o n e x e c u t io n
c o n f o r m a t io n c o u l
d b e s e n d to y o u r
e - m a il a n d m o b ile
58
p e n d in g s e ll o r d e r s
w o u ld b e d is p la y e d
o n y o u r s c re e n
y o u m a y d e le t e y o u r
p e n d in g o r d e r
c o n t r a c t n o t e w o u ld
b e s e n t t o b y m a il
o r h a n d d e liv e r y
STOCK TRADES
The stock order entry screen, located at the top of the platform, allows you to buy, sell, and
sell short. The Save to Basket button can save any order that you may want to place later.
To Place An Order
1. Click the Equities tab at the top of the page. The screen will show
"EQUITIES" at the top right-hand corner to let you know that you are in
stock-trading mode.
2. Select Buy, Sell, or Short from the drop-down menu below SIDE.
3. Enter the number of shares in Qty box. Enter the
symbol m Symbol box.
4. For a market order, click Market. For a limit order, enter the limit price
and click the Limit button. For a Good Till Canceled order, click GTC.
5. Click Submit to send the order,
6. If it is a GTC order, select 15 Days or 30 Days for the GTC order. Click
OK to send the order. If you do not want to send the order or if you want
to make changes, click Cancel.
8. A window will appear (as the picture) asking you to confirm the order. If all details are
correct, click OK to send the order. If you do not want to send the order, or if you want
to make changes, click Cancel.
59
You can enter an order and click the shopping cart icon to save it. Click Basket tab to see
the trades you have saved. Orders saved to the Basket are not sent to the market until you
decide to do so. This is not the same as placing Good Till Canceled or other open orders.
To Place an Order from the Watch List
You can also place an order from your Watch List
5. Select the range of option quotes you would like to view from
Calls, Puts, or All
6. Click Go. The screen will list all the option symbols and current Market prices
associated with your criteria.
7. To Place an Option Trade
1. Click the Option button at the top left hand corner to open the option
order entry
screen. OPTION will appear at the upper right-hand corner to let you know that you
are in Option mode.
1. Follow the above steps to open the option quote screen and get the option symbol.
2. In the Option Chain quote screen, double click the symbol, which you would like to
place an order.
3. The option order entry screen at the top will show the real-time quote of the option.
4. Select: Buy to Open, Sell to Open, Buy to Close, or Sell to Close from the drop-down
menu below SIDE.
5. Enter the number of contracts in the # of Contracts field.
6. Click Market, or enter a limit price and click Lim (Limit). For a Good Till Canceled
order, click GTC.
7. Click Submit
8. If it is a GTC order, select 15 Days or 30 Days for the GTC order. Click OK to send
the order. If you do not want to send the order or if you want to make changes, click
Cancel.
61
9. A window will appear (as the picture) asking you to confirm your order. If the information
is correct, click OK to send the order. If you click Cancel, the order will not be sent to
market.
LEVEL I QUOTE
The Level I real-time streaming quote updates automatically every five seconds and
continually throughout market hours.
To Get Quotes
1. Enter a symbol in the field located on the left-hand side. You can also click the small
arrow at the right to select a symbol you previously entered in the same day.
2. Press the Enter key on your keyboard or select Get Quotes (under the Select
Action drop-down menu) to display real-time streaming quotes.
a) Detailed Quotes:
Detailed quote, intra-day charts, and the latest news.
b)News:
Recent News.
c) Charts:
Six different chart types - intra-day, one month, three months, six months, one year and
Interactive.
d) SEC Filings:
The company's reports to the SEC.
e) Profile
A description of the company and fundamental information about its stock.
f) Historical:
The open, high, low and closing prices, change and volume of any given stock in the past six
years.
Bid:
Highest price at which someone currently offers to buy the stock.
Bid Size:
Number of shares, in hundreds, of the offer at the current Bid.
Change:
The difference between the price of the Last trade and the stock's previous Close price.
62
% Change:
The percent difference between the price of the Last trade and the stock's previous Close
price.
Close:
The last trade price on the previous trading day.
High:
Highest trade price of the stock during the current trade date.
Last:
Most recent trade price of the stock during the current trade day.
Low:
Lowest trade price of the stock during the current trade day.
Open:
The opening price for the stock on the current trade date.
Tick:
Located to the right of the symbol. Indicates whether the current Bid is higher or lower than
the previous Bid.
Current Bid is higher:
Tick will show an arrow pointing up.
Current Bid is lower:
Tick will show an arrow pointing down.
Current Bid is same:
Tick will show "UC" (unchanged).
Volume:
Total number of shares of the stock traded during the current trade date
Close:
The last trade price on the previous trading day.
High:
Highest trade price of the stock during the current trade date.
Last:
Most recent trade price of the stock during the current trade day.
63
Low:
Lowest trade price of the stock during the current trade day.
Open:
The opening price for the stock on the current trade date.
Tick:
Located to the right of the symbol. Indicates whether the current Bid is higher or lower than
the previous Bid.
Current Bid is higher:
Tick will show an arrow pointing up.
Current Bid is lower:
Tick will show an arrow pointing down.
Current Bid is same:
Tick will show "UC" (unchanged).
Volume:
Total
number
of
shares
of
the
stock
64
traded
during
the
current
trade
date
ACCOUNT SCREEN
To View Account Information
1. Click the Accounts tab to see your account information.
To Switch to another Account
2. Click the Accounts tab to open the Account screen.
3. Click Change Account button.
4. Select the new account number.
ORDER SCREEN
To View an Order You Placed
1. Click the Orders tab. The system will show all intra-day (same day)
1. Trades
and
their
current
status,
which
including
filled.
To View Detailed Log for a Specific Order
1. Open the Order screen by following the above steps.
2. Click order sequence number in the UOI field.
3. Click TRANSACTIONS button.
pending,
canceled,
66
3. To re-name the basket, click Rename Cart, type a new name into the pop-up
window, and click OK.
67
the
Basket
tab
to
see
the
Basket
screen,
and
select
one
of
3. To execute only one order, select the order and then click Execute.
When you Execute trade(s) in the Basket, the Basket Order(s) will still display in the basket
until you remove the order(s).
Fl
- BUY
F2
- SELL
F3
F6
F7
- ARBITRAGE ORDERS
F8
F ll
F12
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
Company :SYNDICATE BANK 532276
Period: 02-Dec-2014 to 23-Jan-2015
70
Date
22-Jan-15
21-Jan-15
Open
High
129.9 130.45
Low
Close
WAP
No. of
No. of
Total
Shares
Trades
Turnover
126.8
127.25
127.8857
191670
2161
24511845
130
132
128.3
129.25
130.031
247676
3691
32205565
20-Jan-15 128.75
131.5
128.5
129.2
129.6991
148037
2360
19200259
127.65
128.15
128.8639
192814
2801
24846766
16-Jan-15
131.5
132
128
128.35
129.782
277430
3707
36005413
15-Jan-15
132
132.9
129.85
131.15
131.5046
327733
5460
43098395
14-Jan-15 128.65
129.9
125.5
126.5
127.1132
196171
4205
24935915
13-Jan-15
132
132.3
127.55
128.65
129.3174
259987
3045
33620852
12-Jan-15 127.85
132
126.15
131.1
130.2234
261177
4093
34011363
129 129.45
125.05
127.4
127.0529
199232
3423
25313011
9-Jan-15
8-Jan-15 126.05
128.3
125.55
127.9
126.9213
143955
2374
18270949
7-Jan-15
125.1
126.8
121.7
124.05
124.1948
275528
4948
34219142
6-Jan-15
129
130
124.25
125.2
127.2976
289084
4106
36799689
5-Jan-15 134.15
134.7
131.3
132.25
132.8504
189341
3431
25154027
2-Jan-15 133.75
136.4
133
133.45
134.5909
229670
4303
30911481
1-Jan-15
131.7
135.6
131
133.6
134.0957
286104
4957
38365310
31-Dec-14
132.5
132.9
130.75
131.6
131.9357
180371
2843
23797367
30-Dec-14
127.8
132.3
125.65
131.6
130.0089
316081
5012
41093356
130 130.45
126
127.3
128.879
222830
3837
28718114
122.15
128.45
126.1559
350981
4585
44278315
121
122.7
122.6527
174618
2668
21417367
29-Dec-14
24-Dec-14
121 123.75
23-Dec-14
124.5
125.3
121.2
122.2
123.3339
223571
3515
27573889
22-Dec-14
122.1
124.2
121
123.8
122.7141
156365
2970
19188186
19-Dec-14
123.3
125
121.7
121.9
122.8081
341712
5781
41964990
18-Dec-14
120.1
124
120.1
122.55
122.3572
373768
7927
45733224
17-Dec-14
116.3 121.15
111.55
119.15
116.9748
497660
10627
58213670
116.35
117.2
71
120.1912
424319
7076
50999399
16-Dec-14
125
126.7
INTERPRETATION:
On open value risen from 129.90 to 127.25 than compare to higher value of EPS
90128.25. Then coming to lower price from 136.00 to 138.45. Wholly the conclusion is
129.55 raised.
The comings to the volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased.
Because on this session SYNDICATE BANK value is raised i.e. percentage of 10.05%.
72
73
Date
Open
High
Low
Close
WAP
No. of
No. of
Total
Shares
Trades
Turnover
22-Jan-15
424
427
414.3
418.05
421.0761
13820
1237
5819272
21-Jan-15
425.1
429
421.2
423.85
425.2002
15108
819
6423925
20-Jan-15
427.9
429.8
423.1
423.85
426.6652
23516
1219
10033458
19-Jan-15
428
438.65
423.6
425.05
430.7814
53628
2575
23101947
16-Jan-15 433.35
436.2
424.8
426.85
428.8303
41509
1872
17800315
15-Jan-15
435
436.95
422
432.25
431.2961
110909
2541
47834617
14-Jan-15
423.5
434.95
418.5
423.4
427.6632
37710
2741
16127178
13-Jan-15
420
428.35
420
425.6
425.5786
26526
1023
11288897
12-Jan-15
425
428
419.15
420.6
424.0744
17440
1140
7395857
9-Jan-15
420
430.95
420
424.75
424.699
17556
974
7456015
8-Jan-15 428.55
429.45
421
424.2
425.0951
17093
1117
7266151
7-Jan-15
417
426.2
413
423.55
421.5754
32272
1660
13605082
6-Jan-15
433
433.9
414.5
416.8
421.2322
39299
2352
16554003
5-Jan-15 438.25
444.85
435.65
438.15
440.4209
18853
1273
8303255
2-Jan-15
443.6
445.1
433.6
435.3
440.7269
121075
1597
53361011
1-Jan-15
441.7
444.95
439.5
441.65
441.7799
25029
1537
11057309
31-Dec-14
432
441.9
430.2
439.4
437.1528
24373
1104
10654725
30-Dec-14
430
434.4
428
430.4
430.6442
21689
1371
9340243
29-Dec-14 433.85
438.4
428.6
430.1
432.9419
24648
1218
10671153
26-Dec-14
436.9
441.05
430.5
431.6
434.0689
27928
1127
12122676
24-Dec-14
446.6
448.6
436.05
439.2
442.9896
52456
1998
23237465
23-Dec-14
442.9
445.6
435.8
442
440.9493
35432
2634
15623714
22-Dec-14
424.3
443.45
424.3
439.95
438.4251
44228
2417
19390666
19-Dec-14
438
439.7
423.2
425.05
430.3039
28311
1304
12182333
18-Dec-14
414
435.5
414
432.8
428.0855
38203
2187
16354152
17-Dec-14
416
422.25
394
413.5
410.5915
41430
3524
17010807
16-Dec-14 432.55
444
412.8
416.75
74
426.7279
27569
2411
11764461
INTERPRETATION:
On open value has increased from 424.00 to 418.05. Then compare to higher
value of EPS 428.51. Then coming to lower price from 469.05 to 455.60. Wholly the
conclusion is 431.12 increased.
Then coming to the volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased.
Because totally this session TATA COMMUNICATIONS LTD. EPS value is increased i.e.
percentage of 3.54%.
75
76
Date
Open
High
Low
Close
WAP
No. of
No. of
Total
Shares
Trades
Turnover
22-Jan-15
353
359.6
348.9
350.35
356.8064
2440877
17006 870920536
21-Jan-15
372.7
373.6
349.2
352.6
357.97
1781770
37883 637820149
20-Jan-15
358.4
372
358.4
371.2
366.9447
553506
11126 203106085
19-Jan-15
360.5
361.8
356.05
358.4
359.0509
220147
5480
79043987
16-Jan-15
358.15
360.15
354.75
359.3
358.0374
205070
4860
73422731
15-Jan-15
354
359.9
350.95
358
355.8332
390820
8653 139066718
14-Jan-15
359
359
346.1
348.4
349.533
745803
17160 260682742
13-Jan-15
358
361.4
357
360.25
359.9008
210490
5335
75755509
12-Jan-15
358.45
361.5
356.25
357.95
358.2032
244177
8511
87464985
9-Jan-15
363.85
365.8
353.15
356.7
357.2258
424725
10050 151722728
8-Jan-15
356
363.3
355.25
362.45
359.0688
287774
8645 103330656
7-Jan-15
360.6
364
352.95
353.55
356.0336
416574
9035 148314333
6-Jan-15
369.75
370
359.15
360.6
363.914
708040
9536 257665680
5-Jan-15
369
372
368
369.8
369.801
292017
7042 107988179
2-Jan-15
368
370.2
367.5
368.25
368.5461
188501
4376
69471301
1-Jan-15
368
369
366.1
367.05
367.1251
127759
2702
46903531
31-Dec-14
369
370.4
367.75
368.4
368.6447
149613
3549
55154037
30-Dec-14
372.4
372.4
367.5
368.7
369.6077
96597
2959
35702995
29-Dec-14
367.8
371.4
367.5
369.9
369.7146
160505
4292
59341037
26-Dec-14
370
372.35
366.3
367.7
368.0993
161941
4183
59610365
24-Dec-14
376.85
378.4
368.85
371.95
375.1559
406323
10463 152434477
23-Dec-14
375
377.3
372.9
374.85
374.2399
733080
4697 274347806
22-Dec-14
370
378.35
369
374.5
374.022
370127
7058 138435640
77
INTERPRETATION:
On open value has risen from 353.00 to 350.35 than compare to higher value of
EPS 367.51. Then coming to lower price from 373.00 to382.75. Wholly the conclusion is
371.24 rise.
The comings to the volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased.
Because on this session ITC LTD value is raised i.e. percentage of 4.15%.
78
79
Date
Open
High
Low
22-Jan-15
398.1
407.6
394.95
21-Jan-15
398.7
402.65
20-Jan-15
403.2
19-Jan-15
Close
396.4
WAP
No. of
No. of
Total
Shares
Trades
Turnover
399.658
7866
882
3143710
390
394.85 394.9988
9898
1113
3909698
405.7
396.55
400.75 400.7749
4567
433
1830339
399
410.75
390
401.7 405.3161
8324
1033
3373851
16-Jan-15
395
402
390.15
398.65 396.7984
4693
444
1862175
15-Jan-15
399.9
403
391.2
394.05 396.3239
9620
772
3812636
14-Jan-15
393
396.85
386.1
390.95 391.9377
4286
384
1679845
13-Jan-15
398
401
390.5
391.15
396.559
7742
666
3070160
12-Jan-15
389
399.4
389
394.8 396.1577
14590
1145
5779941
9-Jan-15 389.65
391
380.25
385.65 385.4796
6928
574
2670603
8-Jan-15 388.75
394.2
383.7
388.5 388.0841
16494
1148
6401059
7-Jan-15
377.3
389.95
369.3
382.45 378.9626
13516
1213
5122058
6-Jan-15
389
389
375.05
376.85 380.7945
14504
1427
5523043
5-Jan-15 386.15
401.25
380.95
392.4 393.9385
26258
2361
10344036
2-Jan-15
380
389.7
380
382.5 385.7167
10833
1017
4178469
1-Jan-15
376
380
376
377.65 378.2054
3973
359
1502610
31-Dec-14 374.35
379.75
370
375.6 375.1631
9402
753
3527283
30-Dec-14
374.6
380.3
370
372.35 374.4985
6594
623
2469443
29-Dec-14
381.7
383.8
373.5
374.8 378.0257
6310
750
2385342
26-Dec-14
380
389.1
375.35
377.95 381.9854
8861
937
3384773
24-Dec-14 391.85
392.8
377
382.3 386.2734
5845
537
2257768
23-Dec-14
394.6
398
380.6
385.95 390.8327
10813
679
4226074
22-Dec-14
389.6
394
389.6
390.65 391.5617
5441
358
2130487
19-Dec-14
390.2
401.75
384
387.25 394.6524
16087
1454
6348773
18-Dec-14
375
395
375
384.5 387.2399
28282
2404
10951919
17-Dec-14 373.55
382.95
358.1
371.3 370.5324
19091
1278
7073835
384
367.85
373 373.2572
80
10605
1278
3958393
16-Dec-14
384
INTERPRETATION:
On open value has risen from 389.92 to 393.45. Then compare to higher value of
EPS 390.84. Then coming to lower price from 398.12 to396.47. Wholly the conclusion is
391.55 raised.
Then coming to the volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased.
Because totally this session Heritage Foods Limited. EPS value is increased i.e.
percentage of 11.54%.
81
CHAPTER-VI
FINDINGS
SUGGESSIONS
CONCLUSSIONS
82
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Findings
The volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased. Because totally this
session Heritage Foods Limited. EPS value is increased i.e. percentage of 11.54%.
The volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased. Because on this session
SYNDICATE BANK value is raised i.e. percentage of 10.05%.
The volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased. Because totally this
session TATA COMMUNICATIONS LTD. EPS value is increased i.e. percentage of
3.54%.
The volume on the same dates or days volumes are increased. Because on this session
ITC LTD value is raised i.e. percentage of 4.15%.
83
Suggestions
There must be prohibition on disposal of promoters share holding, and also restrictions
and the expansion without prior approval of the financial institutions for declaration of
higher amount/ rate.
The availability of derivative products in eluding index futures, index options,
individual stock futures and individual stock options re-enforces the overall
attractiveness of this market to foreign and domestic investors.
Volume of paper work is small but it is very complicated to maintain data in system so
tries to reduce that by regular audit and updating data.
Most of the DPs do not have the necessary infrastructure to handle the high work load
of
84
The pool account doesnt know the true owner of the share and hence dividends are
paid to the broker instead of owners by this the broker can do any manipulation or any
fraud with the owner, for this the owner can loose his dividend.
Hence for this try to pay the dividend directly to the owner.
If the shares are fake/forged which delivery by the broker the share holder can loose
that shares an have to receive another lot of issued shares from the broker in 21 days,
this system stands abused.
So minimize that waiting days are deliver the issued shares to the share holder as soon as
Possible
CONCLUSION:
The comprehensive study of capital market instrument at Inter Connected stock
exchange has been an enlightening experience stressing on the positive aspects on
Dematerialization.
And settlement of shares, derivative market and capital instrumentshas done in whole
lot of good to the issuer, investor companies and country.
The depository systems has reduced the lag in delivery and settlement of securities but
also supported the cause of providing more liquidity to the security holder, the need for
setting up of a depository paper less trading.
85
Through online trading system and settlement became inevitable and unavoidable for
the smooth and the efficient functioning of the capital market.
This system has proved its worthiness by increasing in the speed of transactions within
T+3 days which are earlier T+5 days.
Now there is a proposal that the settlement will be done within T+1days in near future
which is in it an indication of a boon in the system of demat and capital market
instruments.
It has been fairly long since derivative trading started off on the Indian Indexes.
Actively has failed to really take off with low figures being transacted in terms of value
and volumes.
The introduction of derivative trading was hailed by the punters in the capital markets
but has not really brought about a wave so as to speak.
There are several factors, which impede the growth of the derivative markets in India.
Of these factors the absence of clear guidelines on tax-related issues and the high cost
of transactions are the most prominent.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
Investment management
-V.K.Bhalla
Investment management
-Preethi Singh
86
www.karvy.com
www.bseindia.com
www.sebi.com
www.moneycontrol.com
www.economictimes.com
www.nseindia.com
87
88
(Market Depth)
89
(Order Book)
Client Margin
90
Trade Book
Exercise Report
92