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From Korean Wiki Project
The A/V + // form is probably the most important form to learn in
Korean and is probably the most frequently used grammar pattern since it
can be used as informal polite and informal friendly style amongst friends
and people of equal or lower status (by dropping the at the end). Also
many other grammar patterns depend on the basic conjugation rules of this
pattern to form other grammar patters, see Category:// form for other
patterns.

This topic is covered at

Talktomeinkorean.com: lesson
16
(http://www.talktomeinkorean.com
/lessons/level-1-lesson-16/)

Contents
1 Usages
2 Notes
3 Conjugation Rules
3.1 Verb/Adj Stem +
3.2 Verb/Adj Stem +
3.3 Verbs/Adjectives ()
4 Sentence Examples
5 Irregular Forms
6 Irregular Sentence Examples
7 Exceptions
8 Sentence Examples Using Commands
9 Grammars Which Also use // Conjugation
10 See Also

Usages
This basic pattern is probably the most common grammar pattern in Korean.
1. It is used for making informal present tense sentences, adding to the end makes it become the
informal polite form. This can be used to convey your thoughts, a fact or fact to someone else in the
present tense. This can also be used for asking a question in the present tense. When asking a question
your intonation should go up slightly.
2. This pattern can also be used to issue a command (similar to V + / + but not as strong) or give
a suggestion. It's best to combine the verb/adjective stem with the honorific suffix to make it more
polite.
3. When combined with the words or you are inviting or suggesting to the listener to do
something together.

Notes
Not adding a is very informal and called , which should only be used with friends, people that
are younger than you, and people who are in a lower position than you. This is, however, dependent on

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the situation, and so may not always be true.

To be more polite the honorific suffix is added to the verb/adjective stem in many cases.

Conjugation Rules
There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a or verb
appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for verbs. Please note that
verbs/adjectives are put in the dictionary form (ending in -, i.e. ), the stem is (part without the ).

Verb/Adj Stem +
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels or , then is added. If it is a stem with no
like , then an extra isn't added.
Please note this rule does not apply for verbs, see the section below for adj/verbs.
Stems that end in are often contracted to ( + = ), especially in colloquial speech.
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
Examples for Verb Stem +
Verb/Adjective

Stem

After
Conjugation

Contracted
Form

Present Tense

Past Tense

(to go)

()

()

N/A

()

()

(to be fine, ok)

(to play)

N/A

()

()

(to be right,
correct)

N/A

()

()

(to see)

() /
(

() /
()

(to buy)

()

()

(to come)

() /
()

() /
()

(to like)

N/A

()

()

Verb/Adj Stem +
If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than , , and is not a verb then it
becomes an . Note that verb stems with turn into a (see next section), it is due to a contraction
of + = .
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel and there's no , i.e. , then it becomes a
(). The is a result of the contraction between + . The contracted form is almost always
used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a seperate table of examples has been created below for
the adj/verb stems which end in .
Verbs that end in in the vowel don't get anything conjugated to it, i.e. .
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.

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Examples for Verb Stem +

Verb/Adjective

Stem

After
Conjugation

Contracted
Form

Present
Tense

Past Tense

(to eat)

N/A

()

()

(to put on
shoes/socks)

N/A

()

()

(to write)

()

()

(to cry)

N/A

()

()

(to read)

N/A

()

()

(to be fun,
interesting)

N/A

()

()

(to give)

/
()

() /
()

(to be big)

()

()

(to need)

N/A

()

()

(to be difficult,
tiring)

N/A

()

()

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Examples for Verb Stem ending with +

Verb/Adjective

Stem

After
Conjugation

Contracted Form( +
= )

Present
Tense

Past
Tense

(to descend)

()

()

(to tease, make

fun of)

()

()

(to fall)

()

()

(to feed)

()

()

(to be seen,
visible)

()

()

(to attach, stick)

()

()

(to drown)

()

()

(to disappear)

()

()

(to order)

()

()

(to make a person

laugh)

()

()

Verbs/Adjectives ()
Any verb or adjective that ends in falls under this category.
The becomes due to a contraction with and .
The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, is used
mostly in very formal situations.

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Examples for Verbs

Verb/Adjective

Stem

After
Conjugation

Contracted
Form

Present
Tense

Past Tense

(to be healthy)

()

()

(to study)

()

()

(to be curious)

()

()

(to explain)

()

()

(to contact
someone)

()

()

(to practice)

()

()

(to make a
reservation)

()

()

(to like)

()

()

(to need)

()

()

(to be happy)

()

()

Sentence Examples
Informal and informal polite present tense:

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Korean

English

Notes

Are you going home?

Informal polite

Do you have money?

Informal polite

Informal polite, is an
That girl is really pretty.
.
irregular adj/verb.
If you have time, let's eat
Polite informal
.
lunch together.
.

This book is boring.

Low form ()

Chul Su is healthy.

Informal polite

My father is really
.
diligent.

Informal polite.

. I love my mom

Low form ()

The midterm exam is

difficult.

Informal polite, is an
irregular adj/verb.

What are you doing right

Low form
now?

Irregular Forms
Many irregular conjugations exist. See:
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs

Irregular Sentence Examples

Exceptions
Many people say instead of and instead of .

Sentence Examples Using Commands

As a command or suggestion:

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Korean

English

Notes

.
!

I'm hungry. Hurry up

and order!

Low form ()

Hey hurry up and

leave.

Low form ()

Give me some water.

Low form ()

Be quiet.

Low form ()

Please sit.

+ honorific suffix to make

it more polite.

Grammars Which Also use // Conjugation

A/V + /
V + / +
V + / +
V + / +
A/V + / +
A/V + / +
A/V + / +
A/V + / +
V + /
V + /
See Category:// form for more patterns.

See Also
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
irregular verbs
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