COURSE GUIDE

PHILIPPINE HISTORYOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION

I. Course Number: History 1

Credit: 3 units
II. Course Title: Philippine History, Roots and Development
Pre-Requisite: NA
III. Course Description:
This course is a general background of the political, economic, cultural
and religious development of the Philippines from the earliest to the present.
This enables the students to learn and appreciate the physical and human
geography and traces the roots and beginnings of the Filipinos, their culture
and society. Likewise, this examined the impact of colonization and
integration of the Philippines into the global community on either national or
regional levels. This also gives a number of traits, nationalistic values and
solid sense of history and socio-economic cultural responsibility and
commitment. This course also presents basic concepts, principles, processes,
rights and institutions necessary for the understanding of the framework of
the Philippine Government and the fundamental charter from which it is
founded (the Constitution).
IV. Course Objectives:
At end of the course, the student should be able to:
Cognitive (Knowledge): 1. Undertake the historical process of continuity in
the shaping of
Philippine society.
2. Trace the forces which have shape colonialism from a
balance
perspective of both the core and the
peripheral country.
Affective (Attitude):
1. Develop the value of Nationalism and
Patriotism.
2. Recognized the role played by Visayas and Mindanao
in shaping the
history of the Philippines.
Psychomotor (Skills):
1. Participate in the task of nation building in
response to contemporary
challenges.
2. Enhance critical thinking through regional and oral
historical research.

V. Course Outline
of Hours
A. Importance and Definition of History: An Introduction
1
B. Methods in Writing History
6
1. Historical Methods
2. Sources of History
3. Interview Technique
4. Ethical Issues
5. Women in History
C. The Origin of the Philippines
2
1. Philippine Ethnography
2. Philippine Geography
D. Philippine Topography
1. Coastal and Fluvial Systems
2. Volcanoes and Earthquakes
3. Climate
4. Resources and Location
5. Women in Pre-Colonial Period
E. Racial and Cultural Evolution
1
1. Theories on Filipino Origin
2. Influx of Pre-colonial cultural influences
F. Early Filipino Cultural Practices
4
1. Mode of Dwelling
2. Clothing and Arts
3. Style of Writing
4. Marriage
5. Social Classes
6. Religion
7. Cultural symbols
G. History of Global Colonization
4
1. European Colonization
2. Road to the Orient
3. Magellan Expedition
4. Christianization
5. Battle of Mactan
6. Legaspis Expedition
7. Colonizing Mindanao

No.

H. Hispanization of the Filipinos

5
1. Aims of Spanish Colonization
2. Spanish Missionaries
3. Philippine Crown Colony
4. Council of Indies
5. Encomienda System and Royal Audiencia
6. Provincial and Municipal Government
7. Cities, Visitador, Tribute and Polo
8. Philippine National Anthem
9. Women as victims of Spanish Colonialism
I. Filipino Nationalism
2
1. What is Nationalism
2. World Trading and Filipino Intellectuals
3. Cavite Mutiny and GUMBURZA
J. The Revolutionary Movement
1. Propaganda
2. KAtipunan
3. Women Heroes of the Philippine Revolution
4. Primier of the Katipunan
5. Women and Patriotism
K. American Colonization
1. First Philippine Republic
2. Philippine Government under America
3. Democratization of the Filipino People
L. World War II
5
1. Outbreak of War
2. First Japanese Air Attacks
3. Fall of Bataan
4. Japanese Government
M. The Liberation of the Filipinos
2
1. Political and Social Resolutions
2. Development of Agriculture
3. Foreign Aid and Promotion of Trade
N. The Republic Progresses
2
1. Political and Social Resolution
2. Development of Agriculture
3. Foreign Aid and the Promotion of Trade
O. The Treaties
4

1. Philippine-American Resolutions
2. Philippines as a Member of the United Nations
3. Politics and Democracy
4. Martial Law
5. EDSA
6. Presidents of the Republic
P. The Bangsamoro Struggle for Self-Determination
5
1. Bangsamoro Homeland
2. Right for Self-Determination
3. Nature of the Armed Conflict in Mindanao
4. Governments Peace Programs
5. Religious Peace Initiatives

Draft*******************************
1
Philippine History with Politics,
Governance and Constitution
Lesson No. 07
Date 07 Feb.
2014
Lesson Title The State as a political entity
Lesson Target Identify important concepts in the creation of a state
References
Title Textbook on the New Philippine Constitution
Politics in a Changing World: A Comparative introduction to Political
Science
Author De Leon, H. (2009).
Ethridge, M. & Handelman, H. (2010).
Page
Number(s)
The Philippine state evolved in different various forms before it was granted
sovereignty given only to a state. The granting of independence has signaled the
beginning of the evolution of the country into a full member of the community of
nations. As a state, the Philippines has internal and external sovereignty over its
citizens, it has control over its borders and territorial domains; it has the power and
authority to use force if her existence is threatened by other states. However, as a
political organization, it must create its own set of laws significant to its
development
and well-being and its leaders must have a mandate of the people to govern.
The term state is sometimes use synonymously when referring to a nation and

government. But these two are only under the authority of the state and are part of
the
elements of the state. A state has inherent powers that can be used to exercise it
powers
and authority, these inherent powers are important for the development and
existence
of the state. The citizens are governed under these powers.
As a political entity, the state has the right to use force to compel its subjects to
respect
and follow the laws; it can curtail the freedom and civil liberties of the people. The
political ideology of the state is reflected on its government, laws, and foreign
relations.
This module will discuss the theory of the origin of the state, inherent powers and
the
meaning of nation, state and government.
What is a state?
A state is a community of nations more or less numerous permanently occupying a
definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great
body
2
of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control (De
Leon,
Hector).
Elements of a state
States are created based on the elements mentioned below. If these requirements
are not
followed or if there is a conflict or issue in one of the elements, the legitimacy of the
state is always challenged. It is important that a state is recognized by the
international
community, because without recognition, its existence, authority and power are
always
in doubt.
1. People refers to the group of people living within the state
2. Territory it refers to the territorial domains over which the state exercises
control or sovereignty
3. Government it is an agency to which the political ideology of the state is
expressed and carried out
4. Sovereignty it is the power of the state to enforce the law over its subjects
within its jurisdiction and demand obedience from them
Two types of sovereignty
1. Internal sovereignty the power of the state to command authority within its
jurisdiction
2. External sovereignty the power and freedom of the state to carry out its
activities without foreign domination or control

Duties of the State

Peace and order and national security
Political harmony or good laws
Social justice
Economic development
Individual and collective development of people
Theories of the origin of the state
Political scientists have postulated many theories as to the origin of the creation of
the
state. Beginning from the history of ancient civilizations, the concept of a state has
already been practiced. The following theories will give us an idea of the
possibilities on
how the origin of the state is created.
3
1. Divine right theory this theory postulates that the state is of divine creation
and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people
2. Force theory this theory embarks on the belief that some powerful group of
people or great warriors imposed their will upon the weak
3. Paternalistic theory this theory attributes the concept of a state to the
enlargement of the family
4. Social contract theory rests on the idea that people voluntarily submitted
themselves and their right to an organization for the purpose of establishing a
society
The Three inherent powers of the state
A state is a very powerful entity. Even from the earliest history, the state commands
supreme authority to enforce its will upon the people. These powers are inherent in
nature and the foundation of its existence. No state can exist without these powers,
because it through these powers that state derive its authority.
1. Eminent Domain the power of the state or of those to whom the power is
delegated to take or expropriate private property for public use upon payment of
just compensation
Conditions for or limitations of the exercise of eminent domain
Existence of public use
Payment of just compensation
Observance of due process of law in the taking
2. Police Power the power of the state to enact laws or regulations in relation to
persons and property
Basis of police power
The welfare of the people is the supreme law
So use your own so as not to injure anothers property
Illustrations of police power
Public health
Public morals

Public safety
General welfare and convenience
4
3. Power of taxation the power of the state to impose charge or burden upon
persons or property or property rights for the use and support of the government
What is a nation?
A nation is a group of people bound together by certain characteristics and shares
the
same history, ancestry, culture, and language.
Benedict Anderson asserted that nations were imagined communities it is
imagined
because even though people do not know each other or do not meet all the
members,
they share the same common history, culture, language and tradition that are
practiced
by every member. They have the same feelings of belongingness and talk the same
events that were part of their history even though they were miles away from one
another.
Government defined
The government is an agency of the state to which its will and ideology is
expressed. A
state cannot exist without a government as it is one of the elements of the state. It
is
through the government that the states political ideology is reflected.
The Philippine state has adopted various forms of government. However, the
provocative challenge to the Philippine governmental structure was adopted during
the
rule of Ferdinand Marcos, when he fused together the executive and legislative
department.