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Association (NFPA) 101, Code for Safety to Life From Fire in Buildings and
Structures. Occupancy classification must depend upon the building in which the
laboratory is located and the nature of the work performed in the laboratory.
Laboratories must be classified as one of the following occupancies:
A. Business
B. Healthcare
C. Industrial
3.
the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of
Health, Biological Safety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.
5.
will depend upon a thorough risk assessment of the organisms, chemicals and processes intended to be used. See
guidance from the Centers for Disease Control for further information (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bsc/bsc.htm).
5.3. Laminar flow clean air devices such as clean benches must comply
with Institute of Environmental Sciences (IES) Standard IES-RP-CC002.
Since laminar flow clean benches provide only product particle protection,
not operator or environmental protection, hazardous physical, chemical
or biological agents cannot be safely used in these devices.
5.4 To start the design process for a Biosafety Level 3 facility, complete the checklist in Appendix BSL3 Checklist to
facilitate communication between project team members, university staff and outside agencies. Each project team needs
to create a project-specific checklist by reviewing the generic checklist to identify the items that pertain to that specific
project and add or amend items as needed.
6.
it with at least:
A. One-hour fire-rated separation from adjacent laboratories or other areas
B. Self-closing fire doors with at least a 20-minute fire rating
C. Class A interior finishes
D. Class I floor finishes
E. Doors to corridors from laboratories that swing in the direction of exit
7. Provide a minimum of two exits in laboratories larger than 200 square feet, where hazardous materials are used.
8.
Aisles serving a single work area must be a minimum of 36 inches wide. Double aisles must be a minimum of 60 inches
wide. Avoid aisles longer than 20 feet. Arrange furniture for easy access to an exit from any point in the laboratory.
9.
Faucets, to which a hose or similar device may be attached, must be providedwith an approved vacuum breaker.
Alternately, a special laboratory water supply equipped with an RPZ back flow device to separate it from the potable
water maybe provided. If a laboratory water system is provided, all connected outlets must be labeled Not Potable.
10. A safety shower and eyewash must be provided in each lab area equipped with a fume hood. In other laboratories using
chemicals, eyewash must be required. If feasible, control the water supply to a temperature between 60 degrees F and 95
degrees F. Refer to Appendix S - Emergency Eyewash and Safety Shower Installation. All rooms where Biosafety Level
2 and above organisms are manipulated require an eyewash and a hand wash sink.
11. Provide a single shut-off valve for each laboratory in accessible locations or central supply of flammable, combustible or
oxidizing gases. Valves must be outside of the areas in which the gases are used. These shut-off valves are in addition to
those at the points of supply and use. They may be located adjacent to the corridor exit from the lab or, if security is not a
problem, in the corridor.
12. Storage and supply systems for compressed and liquefied gases mustcomply with requirements of NFPA and ANSI.
Consult the following standards:
A. NFPA 50, Standard for Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites
B. NFPA 50A, Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites
C. NFPA 50B, Liquefied Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites
D. NFPA 51, Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for
Cutting and Welding
E. NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code
F. NFPA 55, Compressed and Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders
G. NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
H. NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities
Chapter 3 - Use of Inhalation Anesthetics (flammable and non-flammable)
Chapter 4 - Use of Inhalation Anesthetics in Ambulatory Care Facilities
Chapter 5 - Respiratory Therapy
I. ANSI B31.1.0, Power Piping, including Addenda B31.1.0(a),
B31.1.1.0(c) and B31.1.1.0(d)
J. ANSI B31.2, Fuel Gas Piping
K. ANSI B31.3, Petroleum Refinery Piping
13. Systems for other gases must comply with the manufacturers
recommendations. "The Handbook of Compressed Gases" by the Compressed
Gas Association and the "Matheson Gas Data Book" by Matheson Gas Products
may be consulted as a reference standard.
14. Controls for air, gas and other utilities must be color-coded and labeled in
accordance with the Scientific Equipment and Furniture Association (SEFA) 7 as
follows:
Number
Service
Color
Code
Color of Letter
Cold Water
Dark Green
CW
White
Chilled Water
Brown
CH
White
Hot Water
Red
HW
White
Steam
Black
STM
White
Air
Orange
AIR
Black
Gas
Dark Blue
GAS
White
Vacuum
Yellow
VAC
Black
Distilled Water
White
DW
Black
Oxygen
Light Green
OXY
White
10
Hydrogen
Pink
Black
11
Nitrogen
Gray
Black
12
Light Blue
Chemical Symbol
Black
14. Provide fire extinguishers based on the basis of the area protected and
hazard class. Refer to NFPA 10. Provide an UL-listed, 5 pound multipurpose dry
chemical fire extinguisher with at least a 1A20BC rating mounted near an exit for
each laboratory unit.
15. Laboratories Using Hazardous Chemicals
15.1. PROHIBITED: Recirculation of exhaust air from laboratories,
except in a clean room with an air lock.
15.2. PROHIBITED: Returned air from corridors in laboratory areas.
Supply air to the corridor only.
15.3. Laboratories using hazardous chemicals must be under .01 inches
WG (2 PA) negative pressure with respect to adjacent areas.
16. Provide at least 30 percent pre-filter and an 80 percent filter meeting
ASHRAE 5276 dust spot efficiency filters in the air supply. Air filters must be
located downstream of the fan.
17. Humidifiers must be located downstream of fans and filters. Indirect clean
steam humidifying is required.
18. Labs where hazardous chemicals are used in closed systems or in a fume
hood must have between six and 12 air changes per hour. Where open use of
hazardous chemicals is planned, 10 or more air changes per hour must be
necessary.
19. Special purpose exhaust devices must be designed with reference to the
latest edition of "Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice by
the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists."
20. Reagent grade 3 water is adequate for central building distribution. Reagent
grade 3 water, as specified by the College of American Pathologists or the
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, is resistive at 25 degrees
C of 0.1 megohms/centimeter and a pH between 5 and 8. If needed, higher-grade
water can be generated at the point of use. Refer to Division 15, Section 15400 Plumbing, item 3. High Purity Water Systems for more information.
21. Outlets must be provided for fixed appliances, and one duplex must be
provided for each 3 feet of bench length or more often if required by the program.
Identify emergency power outlets in accordance with Division 16, Section 16140
- Wiring Devices.
22. Provide ground fault circuit interrupters (GFIs) on electrical outlets within 6
feet of all sinks.
23. To facilitate long-term maintenance and remain flexible about reusing
casework, metal casework must be provided. The following items are preferred in
chemical laboratories and may be required when appropriate:
A. Metal laboratory furniture with stainless or 1-inch epoxy resin bench
top
B. Wall cabinets with a continuous enclosed front plane to the ceiling
C. Chemical-resistant waste lines
D. A glassware cleaning sink at least 12 inches deep
24. Laboratory floors, walls and doors require the following items:
24.1. Floors must be covered with a smooth, non-porous, seamless sheet
that is resistant to a wide range of chemicals. The sheet must have a cove
6.2. PROHIBITED: Fire or smoke dampers in any chemical fume exhaust duct.
6.3. Systems shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 91,
Standard for the Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems.
6.4. High duct velocity results in high noise levels, excessive leakage and high
power consumption. Therefore, air velocity on the suction of the fan shall be a
minimum of 1,000 feet per minute (fpm) and shall not exceed 2,000 fpm under
any circumstances. A velocity of 1,200 fpm is recommended.
6.5. The average fume hood face velocity shall be 100 +/- 10 fpm with the
vertical-sliding sash at 18 inches above the work surface. Also, on hoods wider
than 4 feet, the safety shield must be in place. Readings shall be measured in the
center of several square grids measured in the plane of the face opening. In
addition, individual face velocities shall not exceed 20 percent of the open-face
velocity average.
6.6. Fume hoods shall run continuously to minimize potential hazards when the
fume hoods are off. Only the maintenance staff shall control the on/off switches.
6.7. General-purpose fume hood ductwork shall be 304 stainless steel. The fan
and housing shall be corrosion resistant. Special purpose hoods may be
constructed of other materials only after thorough review with DEHS and the
user.
6.8. Ductwork shall be round to ensure uniform airflow.
6.9. Laboratory units shall have a one-hour, fire-resistance rating. Sheet metal
ductwork usually provides one-hour fire separation. Where more than one-hour,
fire-rated separation is required or if the use of combustible ductwork materials is
proposed, a ductwork enclosure may be needed to meet the required fire rating.
6.10. General-purpose fume hoods shall be ducted individually. However, up to
four hoods in the same room may be connected to a common exhaust duct leading
from that room to an exhaust fan. If more than one hood is connected to an
exhaust duct, a balanced, drop without a damper must be engineered or blast gate
dampers must be provided. Fume hoods provided with filter enclosures always
shall be individually ducted.
6.11. Fume hood exhaust systems shall function independently of the general
building HVAC system.
6.12. Provide an independent exhaust system for associated equipment in the
same room such as flammable liquid storage cabinets, biological safety cabinets
and atomic absorption units. In exceptional circumstances, associated equipment
may be exhausted into the fume hood ductwork. On hoods with filter enclosures,
associated equipment shall be connected between the hood and the filter
enclosure.
7. Exhaust Filter Enclosures
7.1. PROHIBITED: Proprietary or custom-sized filters and pre-filters.
7.2. Exhaust filters are not normally required or even recommended. However, if
a filter is necessary, comply with the following provisions:
7.2.1. The filter enclosure must be airtight and constructed of stainless
steel.
7.2.2. When a filter enclosure is required, it shall be easily accessible from
the outside of the hood. The filter enclosure shall provide bag-in/bag-out
of the hood to collect wash down water and direct it to a drain. The baffle shall be
removable for cleaning. Provide a hose bib within 40 feet of the discharge stack to
allow for manual wash down.
11.5. Provide controls so that the user can easily wash down the system. Also
provide an automatic wash down cycle. The duration of the automatic cycle
depends on the configuration of the ductwork. Because wash down of a
contaminated hood requires up to 24 hours of continuous washing, provide
manual override of the automatic cycle.
11.6. Provide an easily readable placard on the face of the hood that states: Wash
down often. Perchloric acid (HClO4) can violently decompose on contact with
organic compounds such as acetic acid, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers,
dialkyl sulfoxides, paper, wood, grease and oils. Perchlorate compounds formed
by reaction with heavy metals, alkali metals, ammonium or some organic
materials can be shock sensitive explosives.
11.7. Provide an easily readable placard on the exhaust fan in the penthouse and
on the discharge stack above the roof that states: Perchloric acid exhaust system
- EXPLOSION HAZARD - verify system has been decontaminated before
performing any maintenance work.
5.5. Wall cord, ring and chain, or pull bar, located no higher than 48 inches from
the floor may activate the shower. To prevent accidental discharge, locate the
activating device so that it is not in the way of normal occupant activity.
5.3. When the cabinet is free standing, it may not be necessary to ventilate it.
5.4. The front of the storage cabinet shall be labeled "FLAMMABLE-KEEP
FIRE AWAY" with at least 1-inch high, 1/4-inch stroke red letters against a
contrasting background.
6. Corrosive Chemical Storage Cabinets
6.1. Corrosive chemical storage base cabinets shall be constructed from a
complete corrosion-resistant liner. The cabinet must be ventilated at the rate of at
least five cfm.
6.2. When installed under a fume hood, vent pipes shall extend above the work
surface and behind the fume baffle to at least 1 inch above the work surface.
Flame arrestors are not required. Relief air vents may be provided in the cabinet
door.
6.3. The cabinet shall be provided with a removable, corrosion-resistant, liquid-tight
pan that can hold 2 inches of liquid. Cabinets shall be labeled "ACID
STORAGE" with at least 1-inch high, 1/4-inch stroke letters.
7. Gas Cabinets: Gas cabinets shall be constructed on not less than 12-gauge steel. To
access and view controls, cabinets may be provided with self-closing, limited access
ports that also may have a safety glass window. Gas cabinets shall be exhausted. Cabinets
may be ducted to a fume hood or general exhaust. If provided with an access port, the
average face velocity across the open port must be at least 200 fpm.
8. Seating:
8.1 Chairs shall be chosen from those that the university has approved as having adequate
ergonomic features. Contact University Purchasing for more information. Also refer to
the DEHS Web site for more information on ergonomic issues: www.dehs.umn.edu/ergo.
8.2 Laboratory chairs shall be constructed of material that can be easily wiped clean and decontaminated
in the event of chemical, biological or radioactive spills.
8.3. Knee hole space for computer workstations in laboratories shall not have drawers.
R/
BSL-3 Elements Required For ALL Facilities
OR /
Source
NA
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Floors should be seamless, sealed, resilient or poured floor with integral cove
bases.
10
11
Walls should be constructed to produce a sealed smooth finish that can be easily
cleaned and decontaminated.
Ceilings should be constructed, sealed, and finished in the same general manner
as walls.
Spaces between benches, cabinets, and equipment must be accessible for
cleaning.
Bench tops must be impervious to water and resistant to heat, organic sovents,
acids, alkalis, and other chemicals.
12
13
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Ventilation system must provide sustained directional airflow by drawing air into the
22
laboratory from the "clean" areas toward "potentially contaminated" areas. The
laboratory shall be designed such that under ventilation failure conditions the
airflow will not be reversed.
23
24
A visual monitoring device which confirms directional air flow must be provided at
the lab entry. (Between ante-room and lab.)
Audible and light alarm to notify workers if the exhaust system fails - Light alarm
only in animal areas
Lighting fixtures should be gasketed or otherwise sealed to alllow for gas
25
decontamination and to prevent contaminated air from being drawn into light fixture
as it cools.
26
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All utility pipe, duct penetrations and ceiling diffusers should be sealed
Spaces around doors and ventilaton openings should be capable of being sealed
to facilitate space decontamination.
BMBL
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R/O
DEHS
Biological safety cabinets are required for all handling of BSL 3 material. Non32
33
supply and exhaust do not interfere with proper operaton of cabinets. Cabinets
should be located away from doors, heavily traveled laboratory areas, and other
possible airflow disruptions.
34
Room supply air must be provided in such a manner that prevents positive
pressurization of biosafety cabinets.
Emergency power sufficient to maintain negative pressure, continued operation of
35
critical equipment, maintain security, and provide lights for safe containment of
biohazardous materials and exit of facility.
36
37
Central Security System designed in conjunction with facility risk assessment and
Department of Central Security
Fire suppresion system designed in conjunction with facility design and SOPs to
reduce risk of contaminated water leaving the facility
38
O/R
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All plumbing leaving the containment area should be identified with labels/tags
UM
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UM
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UM
O/R
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containment area.
46
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Include supply and exhaust dampers that are gas-tight and closable from outside
the containment area/room.
Provide an electronic means (computer, FAX machine) to transfer data out of the
lab
Hands free communication between inside and outside of the lab (if intercom
system is provided there must still be a phone to call for outside help -911)
Interlock supply and exhaust fans to maintain negative pressure if there is a failure
in a ventilation system component
Audible and visual fire alarms - light alarm only in animal areas
Gas-tight exhaust ductwork that can be leak tested and sealed for gas
decontamination
Duct work to have ports to instill vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) .
HEPA filter housings with gas-tight isolation dampers, decontamination ports, and
access for testing and decontamination of filters while in place.
DEHS
UM
O/R
UM
U of M
U of M
U of M
O/R
U of M
U of M
U of M
U of M
O/R
DEHS
U of M
U of M
Pre-filters upstream of all exhaust HEPA filters. Two pre-filters for aniaml rooms.
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Primary HVAC control systems external to the containment area - per system
design and as appropriate.
Room ports for gas decontamination
Designate which components/equipment need to be alarmed. Designate which
alarms need to go to BSAC and include in design.
Include reduced pressure back-flow prevention wate system.
BSL-3 Elements Required For Animal Facilities
In Addition To Above Elements Required For All BSL 3 Facilities
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OR /
Source
NA
The animal facility must be separated from areas that are open to unrestricted
1
traffic flow within the building. External facility doors must be self-closing and self-
BMBL
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locking.
2
Entry into the containment area is via a double-door entry which constitutes an
anteroom/airlock and a change room. (Showers are based on risk assessment.)
Visual monitoring device that indicates and confirms directional inward airflow must
be provided at the animal room entry.
Provide visual alarm inside animal and procedure rooms to notify personnel of
ventilation and HVAC system failure. (No audible alarms, disturbing to animals.)
Doors to areas where infectious materials and/or animal are housed open inward
and are self-closing.
Animal room ventilation must be in accordance with the Guide for Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals.
An additonal double-door access anteroom or double-doored autoclave may be
provided for movement of supplies and wastes into and out of the facility.
UM
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A hand washing sink must be located at the exit of the areas where infectious
8
materials and/or animals are housed or are manipulated. Sinks should be handsfree or automatically operated.
If the animal facility has multiple segregated areas where infectious materials
and/or animals are housed or are manipulated, a sink must also be available for
hand washing at the exit from each segregated area.
10
Interior surfaces (walls, floors, ceilings) must be water resistant. Walls, floors, and
ceilings should form a sealed and sanitizable surface.
Floors must be slip resistant, impervious to liquids, and resistant to chemicals.
11
Floors should be seamless, sealed, resilient or poured floor with integral cove
bases.
Penetrations in floors, walls and ceiling surfaces must be sealed, including
12
openings around ducts, doors and door frames, to facilitate pest control, proper
cleaning, and decontamination.
Cabinetts and bench tops must be impervious to water and resistant to heat,
13
organic sovents, acids, alkalis, and other chemicals. Spaces between benches,
cabinets, and equipment should be accessible for cleaning.
14
15
16
External windows are not recommended; if present must be sealed and resistant to
breakage.
HEPA filtered Animal transfer stations
Individually ventilated cage (IVC) systems or other animal containment system in
accordance with risk assessment.
Light fixtures, air ducts, utility pipes, etc. in animal rooms should be arranged in
17
order to provide the minimum horizontal surface areas, to facilitate cleaning and to
minimize the accumulation of debris or fomites.
rooms and animal procedure rooms for all handling of infectious materials and
animals. (This should be placed and installed as indicated in the above elements
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BSL-3 Elements Required For Plant Facilities
OR /
Source
NA
1
Entrance to the containment area must be via an airlock with a pair of self-closing
doors lockable doors
APHIS
APHIS
APHIS
APHIS
APHIS
Walls, floors and ceilings must be water resistant and easily cleanable
APHIS
APHIS
APHIS
APHIS
OR
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APHIS
U of M
7
8
9
10
11
12
All walls and ceilings should be finished with a a material that will withstand
frequent decontamination and cleaning
Coved, slip resistant floor - continuous floor system or seamless sheet vinyl
Bench tops, cabinets, and furniture must be impervious to water, rust resistant,
tolerant of corrosive disinfectants, and resistant to common chemicals
Separate lab access for staff and samples/equipment
Windows in the laboratory, interior or exterior, must be fixed and permanently
sealed
Viewing safety window(s) should be provided to observe operations within the lab Viewing window may be in either a wall or a door.
13
APHIS
14
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15
UM
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OR
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APHIS
21
OR
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APHIS
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APHIS
APHIS
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Seal all electric outlets that are resessed withing the containment wall or surface
mount all electricl outlets
Circuits should be equipped with GFCI devices as required by building codes
All utility pipe, duct penetrations and ceiling diffusers should be sealed between
containment and non-containment walls
Spaces between doors and frames should be capable of being temporarily sealed
for gas decontaimination
Air handling maintains negative pressure with airflow moving from outside
containment area through the anteroom(s) and into BSL-3 facility.
Biological safety cabinets are required for all handling of BSL 3 material. Non-
27
APHIS
R
UM
B2 cabinet.
Emergency power sufficient to maintain negative pressure, continued operation of
28
critical equipment, maintain security, and provide lights for safe containment of
APHIS
R
31
&
&
UM
UM
OR
DEHS
OR
UM
32
All plumbing leaving the containment area should be identified with labels/tags
UM
33
UM
disinfectants
34
UM
35
UM
36
37
38
39
40
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42
43
44
45
APHIS
R
&
UM
DEHS
APHIS
&
UM
OR
UM
APHIS
&
UM
UM
UM
UM
OR
UM
UM
UM
UM
UM
UM
Pre-filters upstream of all exhaust HEPA filters. Two pre-filters for aniaml rooms.
46
47
48
49
Primary HVAC control systems external to the containment area - per system
design and as appropriate
Designate which components/equipment need to be alarmed. Designate which
alarms need to go to BSAC and include in design.
Include reduced pressure back-flow prevention wate system.
R/
OR /
Source
NA
BMBL
Separate lab access for , samples, equipment or animals from staff entry.
BMBL
O/R
DEHS
UM
Dunk tank or other means of removing samples from facility per risk assessment
UM
Shower out per agent summary sheet or faciity use risk assessment
BMBL
BMBL
UM