.

,APANESE

t'oH
BEGINNERS
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I trt{:1fiil 2,(xX)l'J

ffi
M

Authors:
YasLro YOSHIDA

Nao'omi

KURATANI

(Overall supervision )
(First three pases of each UNIT)
(Last three pases of each UNIT)

Shunsuke OKUNISHI
OSAKA UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES
Special ntensive Course n Japanese For Fore gn Students

Editorial Adviser:
Tetsuo SHTBATA
Professor Emeritus, OSAKA UNIVERSITY

GAKKEN

PREFACE

CONTENTS

*;

t'

With'the acceleration of interchange

between Japan and other nations, the needs

from the diplomatic, business and academic world of the

technocratic elite to the everyday exchange of thoughts and ideas among the
working populaces. Among the linguistically updated and pedagogically workable
textbooks continually sought in the fleld of Japanese as a Second Language (JASL),
we are experiencing demand for more intense concentration in the area of auraloral skills. Japanese for Beginners is Gakken's response to this particular need
with a simplified text providing for basic conversational competence in practical,
efhcient lessons. W'hile Gakken's Japanese for Tod,ay has been widely accepted
and adopted for classroom/self study use as a three-skill oriented text (aural, oral
and reading comprehension) both internal and external to Japan, Japanese for
Beginners is aimed primarily at strengthening aural and oral skills-two basic
o,f communication expand

Iinguisticlbols for conversation.

The overall organization of the text-the layout and planning of the entire 30
lessons-is such that each lesson follows an identical pagination and activity schedule.
This feature assures familiarity with lesson activity progression and ejlggilgs-J
review and reference, Designed for function and utility, lesson content does not
attempt to be exhaustivC or technical. Explanations and grammatical rules given
in succ-inct
English are easily understandable and suffrcient for self study. For
F
the innovative instructor with the luxury of time, each lesson provides a framework
for more extensive development of basic patterns, grammar aird vocabulary.
Another innovative feature is its possible use as a dictionary substitute. There
beiffg few Romanized dictionaries available, use of the "New W'ords" section and
t1r"i: t'1n6s)( in close reference with each other serves to facilitate learning not
only, in the use of this volume but also in the higher levels of textbooks succeeding.
Japanese for Beginners, with its solid pedagogical content, also strives to raise
the learner's motivation and interest by incorporating cultural aspects and innovative
organizalional features. Attractively accentuated .by graphic and photographic
illustrations, it is prepared with the-hope that the learner may continue on to
higher levels of competence about the culture behind the language as well as in
performance

in the language itself.

Yukiko S. Jolly, Ph.D.

University of Hawaii

How To Use This Book ..

How To Pronounce Japanese

Let'sPronounce....
..i.,..
UNIT 1 To NAME Things.
UNIT 2 To MODIFY Things.
UNIT 3 To Describe HOryWHAT Things ARE..
UNIT 4 To Ask A QUESTION .. . .
UNIT 5 To Describe POSITION
UNIT6 ToIndicateTIME.
UNITT ToBeNEGATIVE.
UNIT 8 To Describe WHAT You Do
UNIT 9 To Tell HO\V/WHERE You Do Things.
UNIT 10 To Describe The WAY Things WERE.

lt
o

......... 12
....... 18
......... 2/t
........ s0
..... go
........ tz
......t8
....

66

11 To Say GIVE Or cET..

12 To Make A REQUEST Or An INVITATION.....
....... 78
13 To PERMIT, PROHIBIT, Or DEMAND. . . . .
...... st,
14 To Hazard A GUESS
....... g0
15 To Make COMPARISONS....
...... eo
UNIT16 ToIndicateCONTINUITY.....
....109
UNIT 17 To Refer To Your Own EXPERIENCE.
...108
UNIT 18 To Express ABILITY.
......11t,
UNIT 19 To Say This Is The FIRST TIME.
....... .1s0
UNIT 20 To Express A PREFERENCE . .
.... 1zo
UNIT 21 To Express Your WISH Or INTENTION..
.......199
UNIT 22 To TelI Of A DECISION . .
... .. . . .1s8
UNIT 23 To QUOTE Someone
.. . ... ..1t t,
UNIT 24 To Indicate PURPOSE.
UNIT 25 To Express PERCEPTION .. ...
. . j$. . .
....150
UNIT 26 To Give A DETAILED Description
........10g
UNIT 27 To Describe How Things CHANGE
...i...........108
UNIT 28 To Indicate CAUSE And EFFECT. . . . .
.... 17tt
UNIT 29 To Say WHEN
.....180
UNIT 30 To MODIFY Nouns .
..... ..186
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT

Appendix
Japanese Syllabary Chart.
Key Sentences In Japanese Script

Index.

...'....
Signs..

Index Of Grammatical

......190
......192

.........208

How To Use This Book 5

the next Unit ahead of time,

it will

be that much easier to understand the next

Unit.

In Addition, there are also a number of

How To Use This Book

, All together, there are thirty study units

in this

book, each

unit six pages

standing these stylized representations of the grammar, it will often be helpful

to refer to the Further Study on the third page of the Unit.
Going on to the second page of the Unit,
you have More Examples'For Practice. By
now, you should he able to understand these
in Japanise, and the translations Lhat are
given are simply so that you can check your
own understanding,
On page three is the Further Study which

oKS

gives detailed explanations or reviews important and difficult points in the Unit. You
have already looked at this in connection

Page four has the Conversation using all

of hese Basic Constructions and vocabulary
woids. These Conversations follow an American traveler from his arrival at New Tokyo
International Airport to his flnal departure

I-.I

r..-

sitionals
-:-;;:-='
*fr"uuy,(--+p.

the spoken language.

Abbreviations and Notations

A Stem of A'i Adiective

Adj
Adv
A.i
C
Cf.

Adjective or Adjectival
Adverb or Adverbial
Adjective ending in 'i

Cph

ConversationalPhrase

translations.

N(a)

:gf;

'

t@c

The Conversations are easy

and natural, and accompanied by English

Page six of the Unit has a list of New

Words for the next Unit. Look at this and
try to memorize these words. If you are able
to learn the new words which will be used in

Consonant
Compare

Further StudY
Key Structure
Look

&

Learn

Noun

Atljective taking -na as its

connector

Turning next to page flve of the Unit,

you will flnd the Look & tr.u11. fhisi'is a

Constructions,

158).

for pronunciation practice. They are an invaluable aid .to your mastery of

in Unit 30.

graphic presentation of vocabulary and other

points, and can be used both for building
your vocabulary and for practicing the Basic

use this

special mention must be made of the $et of two cassette tapes. These
plus a section
tapes include all Key Sentences, pattern p"u"ti".d and Conversations,

FS
KS
LL
N
Na

@rs

to help you

them the vocabulary Index (+Appendix), the Reverse

text to
(-+p.
128), and the summary of somonyr4ous-P-gqlq*
Index of verb coniwations

., The flrst page of the unit starts with the Key Structures. Look at these Key
Sentences and try to understand them, if necessary referring to the translations
on the next page or to the vocabulary on the previous page. The Key sentences
are followed by the Basic Constructions and grammatical explanations. In under-

with the Key Structures, so iust read it

again to make sure you understand it'

#*

best advantage, among:

tbng.

spec\al featrr?es

Nv

of Na Adjective
Noun which can be used as
a Verb with the addition of
'Suru; e.g. sanPo (a walk)
Stem

--tsanpo'suru
L

.@NW
-J-

pl.
sing.

-'"-

U
V

(to take a

walk)

Consonant-ending Verb

Vi
Vt

intransitive verb
V.masu, V.masen,

-*U-8 [Z
etc.

'-+U-9 FS

VP V.u, V'nai, etc. --+U-14 FS

Vt transitive verb
Vv Vowel-ending Verb -'+U-8 E
Vw Vowel
Vx Irregular Verb -+U-8 E
NB: nota bene (Note well)
), + See
<- derived from or originatecl in
or'r
/
. ending indicating a V or A
( ) can be omitted
t I category
'

plural
singular
Unit; e.g. U-1: Unit
Verb in stem form

Vc

omission
omission
omission

of
of
of

words
morphemes
sounds

How To Pronounce Japanese

4)

How To Pronounce Japanese

is used to describe the Japanese language in
In this
order to make it easier for English speakers to learn, although Japanese is almost
blways written in Chinese ideograms and syllabic characters, these to be briefly
introduced in Unit 28, Unit 29, and the Appendix.
A rough guide to pronunciation is given betow with an explanation of the
orthographic system used in this book. It is primarily intended, however, not as
an exhaustjvc,,ggcount of Japanese phonetics but as an aid to help the would-be
speaker attain an intelligible_ pronunciation without the assistance of a native

5)
6)

book, the Roman alphabet

Sounds

b
ch
d

f
c

j
k
m

as
as
as

in buck
in clauck -+NB
in duck

1)

'

The sound

between /ood and ft,ood -+NB

as in good or simger --+NB 3)

as
as
as
as
as

f is a bilabial fricerjive.

g is oftei-lFonounced as a velar nasal, unless it is the initial

letter of the word. The Postpositional ga may often be pronounced as
The sound

'l

Orthographic functions
I
double
duration;
e.g. d is to be pronounced for twice as long as a.
|
I in n'a, n'e, etc., n and the following vowel or semivowel are to be

I
I

pronounced separately, this to distinguish from the single-syllable

na, ne, etc.

3.

2)

2)
3)

Signs

Signs

Approximate pronunciation

in laam
in xam
in /cite
in rzight
n
in night and ez.plane or emplane before p, b,
Consonants
orm
p
as in Spain
similar to rain, lain, or deign +NB 4)
r
as in same
s
as in sft,ame --+NB 1)
sh
as in lights
t
as in tights --+NB 1)
ts
w
as in zuag *NB 5)
as in zone
z
as ln Srap
Semivovrel
v
a
as in pdlm but short
as in mat
e
as in tea but short
Vowels
as in soar but short
o
as in noon but short -+NB 6)
u
NB: 1) The elusters ch, sh, and ts are to be regarded as single consonants.
h

Iri

a velar nasal, as though it were nga.

The sound r is pronounced with the tipl of f&ie tongue flrst touching
briefly against the upper teeth ridge and theri pulling downwards.
The sound w is to be regarded not as a semivowel but as a consonant.
The vowel u is pronounced with the lips unrounded, and is occasionally
weakened, or omitted, typically when it comes at the end of the word.
The vowel clusters or diphthongs ei and ii are usually pronounced just
like the extended rnon@[666,and i respectively.

of Letters
Letters

2.

teacher-

1.

7)

Syllables and Beats

Unlike English, Japanese never has a consonant cluster in one syllable. Therefore,
for example, the word matchi is to be broken into two syllables mat and chi (--+
p. 6 NB 1), not ma and tchi. Japanese syllables can thus be categorized into the
following four types: Vw, CVw, VwC, CVwC. (Vw:vowel and C:consonant,
this initial C including the semivowel y and the cluster 'C+y'.)
Beat plays an important role in natural pronunciation of Japanese. The system
for counting beats has the following two rules:
(1) The beat unit consists of the syllables with short vowels (Vw and CVw).
(2) W'hen the syllable has an extendecl vowel Vw or ends with a consonant, it

is counted as two

beats.

Therefore, Japanese has eight types of syllabic beats as follows.

Syllables

Beats

Vw

a-Ra,

c-ki
ki-ta

CVw

4.

Examples

Beats

Vw

Q-ki-i,

CVw

Examples
g-sa*ka

to-hrE, sela

A_o-da

VwC

qn-toki, 4q-do-ran

kat-ta, kit-ta

CVwC

tot-ta,

ka-ta,

VwC

e!-ta,

CVwC

Accent

Syllables

bo!-te

Unlike English, accent in Japanese is pitch accent rather than stress accent.
Thus, instead of pronouncing a syllable louder, one or more beats of a word are
pronounced at a higher pitch than the rest.

Let's Pronounce

4. )

Let's Pronounce

+:

a i
to the beats

and

I );
ai

(love)

)p

bi ru

chi

J>1

zu

fu

(map)

(building)

ne

(ship)

)p

)p

)1>

J>p

ha ha
(mother)

ne ko

sora

cat)

mi

(sky)

(sea)

))

ga ka
(painter)

(foreign country)

go go
(afternoon)

r>)),t>

r>)),u
o toto i

))

))

ku ni
(country)
*

B. )

))
tsume
(nail)

))

))

,f, ,t,

,daiku

(carpenter )

te ra
(temple)

mi

(lake)

)1
,tr

yo ru
(night)

hoshi

(star)

))
yama
(mountain)

))
yu

ka na ri

mega mi

ni motsu

(rather)

(goddess)

(baggage)

,t,

6.

)l,tt

)))

mu su me

(daughter)

no zo mi
(hope)

tsu ku e
(desk)

,ft

,u),1

,u)l>

nata

ao

hi to

l>

(you)

(blue)

)))

ri
(one person)

)))
wa ta shi
<I>

,u)l
shi ka shi

(but)

)I

)J

fl)1
sen i

D)
Pin

da

Pon

(bookshelD

(ping'pong)

f,)

kan ga
(thought)

(apple)

ryokO

l>

ta

(socks)

f,)1e

ri

zen zen

(not at all)

se

f,)
Y0
rl)
gY6

be

(teacher)

(last night)

(cooking)

(travel)

fl)
fl)

D)jii f,Jin
f,fl
fl)
f,))
an na san
ik
i
fl) fl)
f,f))
kit
kan it ta
is

byo

7.

(fruit)

(cool)

ku tsushi

fl)
rin go

rl)
rYd

suzushi

'U

f,

ki

(illness)

)))

f))ki

f>
no

den

(three

ki

) ,t,

ku da mo

yesterdaY)

(electricity)

san

)ll>

,r'),1

mo da chi

(friend)

,>))l

(pen)

pen

(house)

to

D))
hon na

J-:

(snow)

(the day before

(necktie)

)J)))

i ri chi
(entrance)

ko ko no tsu

))
ie

-),t,r>t,
ta

,?*ne ku

gu

),1,t,
(nine)

hi ru
(daytime)

hg ya

(room)

chi '
(everyday) { '
ni

)p

2' ) )

ma

)))J)

mizu u

),rtr>,1

,tt

.p)))
ga i koku

fhe pitches as indicated by the musical notes.

)1

,l

satsu
(greeting)

Pronounce the following words aloud, paylng carefulpttention

,tr

gak

k0

(school)

f,f)
Nip

pon
(Japan)

kyo
(ninety)

nyu
(hospitalization)

ka
(first floor)

'

(one

shu
week)

ji

(event)

nin

(like that) (three persons)

(went)

te

(postage stamp)

10 Let's

NW

Pronounce

8. ,r)r>J ))i
ji
ji

)D
)
o b6

o isan
o san
''r (grandfather)
(uncle)
md ku

(scatter)

f))
e.

)t)ki

sg

(co\rgh)

))ta

shi

(did>

ro.

J-l

kyo

(today)

i )l>

ryaku

ne

mu

)
fr
sek ki

fl,D
ta
);

hyO

(leopard)

(pass)

ri

ya

ku

)1
hi

y0

(expense)

so

(still

(strand)

more)

ki

that -+KS & U-15 FS

Arigat6.

(Cph) Thank you.

ku

(visitor)

(agreement)

f,)

)D
bi y0

in

(hospital)

*j

)
in

(beauty parlor)

nen
Smoking) (recent yea rs)

an

)
ni

(tacit lv)

Koibanwa. (Cph) Good evening.

Konnichiwa. (Cph) Hello.; Good

'
kore"
kore-ra
kyd
neko
Nippon

afternoon.

this +KS & U-15 FS

thgss _+KS
today
cal
Japan (:5;66n;

<,-Bill

Ny[-jirando <-New Zealand

(Cph) Good morning.
Ohayd gozaimasu. (Cph) Good morning. (Polite)

Burajiru

<-Brazil

Osutoraria +-Australia

Chiigoku

China

Oyasumi. (Cph) Good night.

Oyasumi-nasai. (Cph) Good night.
(Polite)

asu

tomorrow

biru
Biru

+-building

Doitsu
ddmo

ki ya

those -+KS

Ohay6.

(<-Dutch Duits) Germany

(Cph) (Adv) Thanks; very
much (before arigat6)
D6mo arigatd. Thank you

)))

(simplicity) (older brother) (easiness)

(commemoration) (prayer) (No

(bygones)

kyaku

<--Arabia

Arabia
are
are-ra

)J

))
byO

you (sing.)
anata-gata you (pl.)

D6-itashimashite. (Cph) You are wel-

(sour)

ki y0
(appointment)

<-America, USA

anata

(Polite)

so

fl)1
sup pa

Amerika

Arigatd gozaimasu. (Cph) Thank you.

fl)
is

))
i

r. )) fl ) )1 D) r)
ni
kan' i
a ni
an'
(crab)
)1 fl J D
)J
kinen
kinen kin' en
kin
ka

ru

(take)

)J

(skillfulness)

)l>l

to

ru

,u)l

(knew)

y0

)p

su pa i
(spy)

.shit

(abbreviation) (divine favor)

J)

t0

implement)

ki

(wool)

J-l)

(silk tree)

(stone

D)
Uru

ru

(acquire)

)1

nE mu
(name)

New Words For UNltr

ba san

(aunt)

)1

maku

(mark)

(grandmother)

);

J-rJ J')

))J

san

.IT

very

much.

pen

<-pen

Porutogaru <-Portugal

Roshia

(<--Russian Rossija)
Russia

-san

Mr., Ms,, Dear

Ei-go
Ejiputo

English language

Saydnara. (Cph)

.-Egypt

Emiri
enpitsu

<-Emily

sore
that.
So-ren USSR
sore-ra those -+KS
Sumisu <-Smith
Supein <-Spain
-tachi (Sufhx to make plurals)

.Furansu

pencil
<-France

Good-by.
;

-go

(Suffix for languages)

Gurin

<-Greene

Hai,

Yes, -+[J-7 KS & FS

(<-Portuguese Inglez)
England

Tanaka

lie,

No, -+U-7 KS & FS

inu
isu

dog

to
and -+KS
tsukue desk, table
watashi I

lgirisu

chair, sofa

-jin

(Suffix for

Jonzu
ka
Kanada
Kaoru

<-Jones

e1

peoples)

+KS

<-Canada

(male or female name)

"*

(family name: The family

name comes
nese.)

watashi-tachi we

ya

a16 --+KS

flrst in

Japa-

Unit 1

KS

18

we: you (sing.); you (pl.)

2. an American and a Japanese

l. I;

TAPE

;.

O Key 'Structures
1.! watashi; watashi-tachi: anata;
2.', Amerika-jin to Nippon-jin

3.

OA

:1. Englishmen, Canadians, and others

4. an Australian or a New Zealander

5. this; thali Lhal: these; those; those
6. Mr. Smith and Ms. Jones

anata-gata

lgirisu-jin-tachi ya Kanada-jin-tachi

th'. 0sutoraria-jin ka NyU-jirando-jin

5.
6.

kore; sore; arel. kore-ra; sore-ra; are-ra

Sumisri-san

\,\

to

JOnzu-san

*More Examples For Practice

Itl

watashi; watashi-tachi
anatai anata-gata

lPersonl+ lPersonl.tachi
Japanese Nouns

[Person]'-+[Person], [Person], . . .

(N), generally,

have no plural forms, neither do.they

Amerika-jin; Amerika- jin-tachi

lzl

take 'articles.' To stress plurality, put -tachi after Nouns indicating

persons.

[:

An exception is:

N' to N, I

a lN,kaNrr
L,)

NrorNz

watashi

to

Furansu-jin

inu to neko

[!

N' and N, +FS

N,, N,, and others

to

lgirisu-jin

anata--+anata-gata.

E I N, ya r.u, I

anata

inu ya neko
Nippon-jin ya ChUgoku-jin
watashi-tachi ya anata-gata

tFS

f4 lgirisu-jin ka

Kanada-jin

pen ka enpitsu

ky6 ka asu

kore; sore; are

Japanese equivalents

to the English 'this' and 'that' are kore,

sore,

a thing near the speaker, sore near the listener,

and are away from both <+FS). -ra makes them plural.
and are. Kore indicates

lPerson]-- [Person].san

Mr./ Ms. /De.ar

[Person]

we

you and

an Englishman and a French-

man

a dog and a cat

E dogs, cats, and other animals

Japanese"Chinese, and others
we, you, and the rest

@ an Englishman or a Canadian

a pen or a pencil
today or tomorrow
E "this, that, and that

one

there

Ft kore to sore to are

are ya kore
are ka sore

that, this, and others

that one over there or that

BilI

Tanaka Kaoru-san

Biru-san to Emiri-san.

EI;

you (sing.); you (pl.)

an American; Americans

Sumisu-san to Gurin-san

one

Mr./Mrs./Miss Kaoru

Tanaka

and Emily
Mr. Smith and Ms.

Greene

14 Unit

Unit 1

1 FS

O Further Study
,]

OConversation

I. Compare the usages of to and ya.

KONNICHIWA.

/.

.f ./

/.
enpitsu to pen

Konnichiwa.

Hello.

Konnichiwa, Sumisu-san.
.*x<t<

0hay0.

Good evening.

***

t<**

Good-by.

Konbanwa.

Good night. (Familiar)

Good night. (Polite)

***
Say0nara.

Thanks.
i<

II.

.t(

Thank you very much.

Oyasumi-nasai.

(Polite)

***
biru--+ are

***
You dre welcome.
t**

D0mo.
Yes.

Arigat0.

No.

DOmo arigatO.
DOmo arigatO gozaimasu.
*{<*

D0-itashimashite.
x<**
Hai.
rsu--+ sore

Thank you.
Thank you very much.

(Familiar)

Oyasumi.

Indicating things.

Hello, Mr. Smith.

Morning. (Familiar)
Good mornine. (Polite)

OhayO gozaimasu.

enpitsu ya pen

lie.

15

Unit 1

16 Unit L LL

't

Nations, Peoples, Languages

Cf.
ano...
atarashi.
beruto
boshi

burdchi
chiisa. i

LI

desu

dochira
il

-en

ti

furu.

lll

aka

red color

1hu1... --+KS
new

&

small, little
am, is, are +U-3
where?; which one?; who?

kutsu

shoes
glasses

+U-15 FS

[e!L

...yen (Japanese currencY)

naga. i
namae

cap 2 J
<-brooch 6tYt)C9

old (of things, not People

or animals) Cf. toshi o

no

old

people)

(shopping district in
Tokyo)

Language

ri

Nippon

Nippon-jin

Nippon-go

l2)

lgirisu

lgirisu-jin

Ei-go

Furansu

Furansu-jin

Furansu-go

Doitsu

Doitsu-jin

Doitsu-go

Supein

Supein-jin

Supein-go

hankachi

<-handkerchief

Ejiputo

Ejiputo-jin

Arabia-go

heya

room

Kanada

Kan4da-jin

Ei-go/Furansu-go

hito

man, person

hoteru

Burajiru

Amerika-jin
Burajiru-jin

book

Amerika

hon

NyU-jirando

Nyil- jirando- jin

Ei-go

0sutoraria

Osutoraria-jin

Ei-go

ChIgoku

ChUgoku-jin

Ch0goku-go

So-ren

Roshia-jin

Roshia-go

'l

@
i

i
I

Ei-go

Porutogaru-go

suburbs

hat,

il

, clean; beautiful

national flag

1l

rivei

kirei-na
kogai";

<-belt

(of
Ginza

U-15 FS

umbrella

kokkl'
Fno-.
kuni

totta/toshi-Yori

li

kasa
kawa

red

aka. i

@9

'I

17

New Words For UNIT 2

Olook & Learn

ril|l

NW

megane

this... --+KS & U-15 FS

nation; (one's home) eountry

forest
long
name

<-necktie

nekutai
nimotsu

baggage, load

...no

of

6ki.i

big, large

pasup6to
ribon
sebiro

+-passport

... .+KS &

FS

<-ribbon
(man's) suit, jacket
thousand --+U-6 FS
sen<-sweater
sEtS
president (of a companY)
lrra:Cho
--+U-27-LL
shizuka-na quiet
11'tu1... -+KS & U-15 FS
sono...
sukato

Sel,

lgtgu-

<-skirt

-I

<-stockinss Ofr*o6
..J
<-surt

sutsu-kEsu iasuitcase
high, tall; exPensive
taka. i

+-taxi

<-hotel

takushi
tekisuto

ie

house

tokei

ikura

how much/manY etc.?

.;.w?

clock; watch
+U-3 KS & U-19 KS, FS

+U-4

<-wine
mountain, hiII

(<-French jupon) trousers

jiddsha

automobile, ear

wattr
yama

Jon

<-John

zubon

kaisha

company

FS

+-Lext

Unit 2

rAPE

(i'O

K& Structures

1. , watashi no ie: anata no jidOsha

2. kirei-na kawa ya shizuka-na mori
3. taka.i yama to naga.i kawa

KS

19

1. my house: your car

2. the clean river, the quiet forest, atnd...
3. the high mountain and the long river
4. my new car
5. this person; that personi Lhat person

4o, watashi no atarashi.i jidOsha

5. kono hito; sono hito; ano hito
*More Examples For

[]
N, of N,

watashi no jidOsha

my car

anata no pen

your

Amerika no kokki

national flag of the US

pen

Modifying words prqcede the word modified. Japanese has no prepositions but does have Postpositions. Therefore 'A of B; is expressed
as.B'

watashi-tachi no kaisha

our company
houses in the suburbs

k6gai no ie

French wine

no A.' Yet this no can be used more widely than the Engrish .of.'
For example, 'a book in Engrish' and 'a book on English' are both
expressed as Ei-go no hon. pronouns ,my,' .your (sing.),, .our,,
.your

Furansu no wain

Japanese text
p new car

(pl.x are, respectively, watashi no, anata no, watashi-tachi flo,

and

atarashi.i jidOsha
kirei-na kawa

clean river
quiet room
my new pen
our old house

anata-gata no.

shizuka-na heya

new president of my company

and

Practice

Nippon-go no tekisuto

@ tril]

watashi-tachi no

There are two kinds of Adjectives: Adjectives ending with -na (Na)
and Adjectives ending with .i (a.i>.*

E i\t

kono N; sono N; ano

In modifying

this book
that pen
tha{ mountain
that tall building
this old house of mine

watashi no atarashi.i pen

&

i-

big desk and litUe chair

Nj

this

N; rhat N; that N

6ki.i

furu.i

tsukue to chiisa.i isu

watashi no kaisha no

kono

ie

atarashi.i

hon

sono pen
Nouns, kore, sore, and are take the forms kono, sono,

and ano. Kono/sono/ano hito may mean 'he' or 'she.' Kono/sono/ano

hito-tachi is 'they.'

ano yama
ano taka.i biru
watashi no kono furu.i ie

sha-ch6

Unit 2

20 Unit 2 FS

O Further Study

r.

FS

This one etc.

Near the speaker

kore

This N etc.

kono N

NAMAE

WA?

PasupOto

wa?

fo'm AirPort to Hotet)

',

sore

Away from both

are

sono N

-Kore.

a40,

ry

-Jon

-John

Usualr word oi"der

for

modification

Sumisu.

Smith.

-The

Your luggage?

Kuni wa?

and that red suitcase.

there?

-This,
That big one
-Yes.

Nimotsu wa?

-Kore

please.

Nationality?
United States.

-Amerika.

II.

Your passport,

it is.
-Here
Your name?

Namae wa?
Near the listener

21

,t:

Oconversation

$unrit 2 E &Unit 1 t5l &

to ano aka.i sUtsu-k6su.

Ano Oki.i sOtsu-ksu?

**i<

-Taxi?

Over there.

-Thanks.

,<**

-Hai.

Where to?
{<**

aKusnt r

-This
1,000

tt

{<t<*

Dochira?

-Ginza

'its.'

-Kono
Omission

of the modifled Noun

In the phrase 'Nr no Nr', N, can be omitted when it's already understood
by the listener. Watashi no, anata no, etc. mean 'mine,' 'yours,' etc.
'Na/A.i no'is used to mean'the...one.'e.g. Oki.i no (the big one).

hotel?

much?
-Howyen.
Thanks.

-DOmo.

III.

Hotel on the Ginza.

***

Yes, sir.

Are desu.
6tt of these cars are coupled in order, then the phrase may become
'Nz flo kono A.i N,,'such as watashi no kono atarashi.i jid6sha. Leaving one or more cars out does not change the order of the remaining cars.
Kore/sore/are+no means 'of this/that'and can be used like the English

-Nippon

no Nippon Hoteru.
*x<*
hoteru?

Hai.

NB:

Although this conversation is an example

of 'broken Japanese,' it
does illustrate that you

can 'get by' with

-lkura?
Sen-en. DOmo.

only

this very basic command

of the

language.

22

UniL 2 LL

Unit 2

OLook & Learn

NW

23

New Words For UNII 3*;

Thirigs You W'ear Or Carry

arimasu

asoko

baggur
basu

ribon

exist (Inanimate) -+($

(N) (over) there

+KS & U-15 FS

ddbutsu-en

DOzo.

nekutai

<-key

k6.,ban":

police box
Cf. keisatsu(-sho) police
staiion
<-cook (N)

<-bag
kokku
koko

chizu map
daiku carpenter
denwa (Nv) telephone
depdto <-department store
desu am, is, a1g -+KS

burOchi

Fuji-san

seta

sUtsu/sebiro

beruto
tokei

sukato

...sa
ga-ka
gakusei
haizara
hangd
hiro.i
tmasu
-in

...mo
...ne.

..., isn't it? +U-27 FS

d6butsu animal

...ni

atlin lPlace]

-en

omo.i

heavy
musician

garden
(Cph) Please, (come in).;

ongaku-ka

ongaku music
panda

<-panda

seiji-ka

statesman, politician

student Cf. seito

pupil

kangofu
kutsu

keikan

seiji
sensei

politics
teacher, master

sh6setsu

novel

-shu

(Suffix) -erf-or/-ist
(N) that place, there

ashtray

soko

<-hanger

-+KS & U-15 FS

suchuwddesu <-stewardess

wide; spacious
exist (Animate) -+($
(Sufrx) member of...

surippa <-slippers
<-tower
tawa
terebi i<-television
Tdky6 (capital of Japan)
-->u-17

LL

(medical) doctor

Ueno

policeman (:keikan)

unten-shu driver, chauffeur

(Suffix) -er/-or/-ist

kaisha-in companyemployee
s-utsu-k-esu

--+KS

Mt. Fuji (3,776m)

(-san here is not the -san
meaning Mr., Ms., etc.)
-+KS & U-19 KS & FS
painter

by shop clerks)

kamera

here

zoo

help you? (phrase used

isha
junsa
-ka

this place,

-+KS &
Imperial Palace
public servant
kdmu public service
...u1s6 -+KS & U-19 FS

K6kyo
k0mu-in

'W'elcome.;
Can I
lrasshaimase. (Cph)

sutokkingu

(N)

U-15 FS

Here rL rs.

hankachi

kenchiku (Nv) architecture

ki

<--bath

benri-na useful, convenient

chika-tetsu subway

megane

'

<-camera
nurse

policeman (:junsa)

kenchiku-ka architect

...wa
yasu.i

(place name

in

Tokyo)

unten (Nv) driving

-+KS & U-19 KS & FS
cheap, inexPensive

y[imei-na famous, well-known

Unit 3

1.
TAPE (iI-@

1.'

Watashi wa Amerika-jin desu.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Fuji-san wa kirei desu.

6. You are an American,

tltmtl*D

Asoko ni Nippon-jin ga imasu.

Anata mo Amerika-jin desu.

*More Examples For Practice

lll Watashi wa Sumisu desu.
Ano hito wa NiPPon'jin desu.
Kore wa Tdkyd no chizu desu.
Are wa watashi no atarashi'i jiddsha

N'

Nr w N,/N(a) desu.

is N,/Na.

of Number or Person.
N(a) indicates an Na stem-an Na with the -na removed.
this with'Na modifying N.' (Unit 2 E> +FS
Japanese has no Conjugation

N wa A.i
[Place] ni

desu.

Compare

desu.

wa shizuka desu.
Kono shdsetsu wa Ylimei desu.
T6kyd no chika-tetsu wa benri desu.

Kono heya

NisA.

N ga arimasu/imasu.

There's an

N in/at

lPlacel.

When N is inanimate, arimasu is used.

When N is animate, imasu is used.

koko/soko/asoko+ ni

iFS

i+ this/that

Places nearfaround the speaker, near

place

the listener, and away from

both are, respectively, expressed. as koko, soko, and asoko. Since these
I

,,,,'$

ari4a.ft
r.fr';ilE-l>
:tailg:iLlHi>
qG
'-.:rluii>

Koko ni hon ga arimasu.

too.

'' ' '"--'-":i-'i":ir"

?:l*4;,f,i:iter-7ii;ri..I=:+>'.w

Kono heya wa hiro.i desu.

2. Mt. Fuji is beautiful.

5. There is a JaPanese there.

am an American.

4. There is a book here.

ii

25

ll. This room is big.

O Key Structures

ll

KS

are Nouns, ni must be added to mean 'here'

also *Unit

19 FS

etc. +FS

wa Yasu'i desu.
Ano terebi wa taka'i desu.
Kono baggu wa omo'i desu.
Ginza ni 6ki'i dePdto ga arimasu.
Ueno D6butsu-en ni Panda ga imasu'

Kono kamera

@ Koko ni kasa ga arimasu'

Asoko ni k6ban ga arimasu.
Soko ni keikan ga imasu.

lil

Kono kamera mo Yasu'i desu.

Kore mo yasu'i kamera desu'

E I'm Smith. :My

name

is Smith.
That person there is

JaPa-

nese.

This is a map of

TokYo.

That's my new car.

This room is quiet.
This novel is famous.
The Tokyo subways are convenient.

This camera is inexPen-

sive.

That TV set is

expensive.

This bag is heavy.

p There're some big department stores in Ginza.

ih.r.
Zoo.

"""

pandas

in the

Ueno

There's an umbrella here.

There's

police box over

there.

There's a policeman there.

E This cameta is cheap, too.

This is also a cheap camera.

26 Unit 3 FS

Unit 3

O Further Study

O Conversation

Compare
",

.'i,r

':..'i*.":

.',-'j'.'; &.,'. ,r'-'.. .'. .'.

e.g. kirei-na hon

<-'

lrasshaimase.

wa kirei desu.

-Wbtashi

Welcome.

wa Amerika no

Jon Sumisu desu.

e.g. atarashi.i hon<->Kono hon wa atarashi.i desu.

II.

Compare.arimasu

with

Hotel Room)

j ',. :. .;':','.:: '::.',

-','..N.,{ilm;N(d ;,&Ett:.:-,
:-.',..ji;".'.:."j..'{tT".,":..;ir:.,;;',.1.,,;,"1.-_.1""."

t,'
' . N&'4$,:,:
;.:tr ;' ,','j] ..;

IRASSHAIMASE.-(The

the following patterns.

imasu.

***
Anata no heya wa koko desu.
DOzo.

-Hiro.i

heya desu ne.

Basu wa?
Koko desu.
wa?

-Denwa
Asoko ni arimasu.
Haizara wa koko ni arimasu.
Kore wa surippa desu.

John Smith from the

-I'm
States.

This is your room, sir.

Please (go in).
spacious, isn't it?
-Quite
'W'here
is the bath?
Here.

-And, the telephone?

It's over there.

The ashtray is here.
These are slippers.
the hangers?
-Where are
There they are.
,(

-What's

that?

That's the Imperial Palace.

-Pretty, isn't it?

And, that?

That's

Toky"J"y.

wa?

-HangE
Soko ni arimasu.
*{<t<

III. tUnit 1 E, Unit 2 A, & Unit 3 E

-Are wa?

Are wa K6kyo desu.

This

one

27

r&*
1,

I.

This N

This place

Near the speaker

kore

kono N

koko',

Near the listener

sore

sono N

,,s*o,,'

Away from both

are

ano N

-Kirei

desu

ne. Are wa?

TOkyO Tawd desu.

***
Kore wa kono heya no ki desu.

-DOmo

arigat6.

This is your room key.

-Thank

you.

Unit 3 NW'

28 Unit 3 LL

O Look

29

& Learn

Whdt Is He/She?

4...,
biydin
byOin
chika

'I
pan;

oh, Yes, WelI

(<-Portuguese Pd'o) bread

hosPital
underground

resutoran <-restaurant
sakana-ya flsh shoP, fishmonger
sakana flsh
sarada

<-salad

daitoryd

Cf. chika-tetsu subwaY

president (of a nation)

sh6b6-sho

dare

who? --+KS

flre station, firehouse

Cf. sh6b6-jid6sha fire

desho ka?
donata

(Polite form of desu ka?)

who? (Polite) --FS

painting, drawing, Picture

furonto
gink6

bank

beauty Parlor

&

FS

engine

<-front desk (of a hotel)

gozaimasu

(Polite form of arimasu)

hana-ya

flower

shop

hana flower

-ya

shop

heiwa

peace

i.i

good

...ka?
kamera-ya
karu. i

--+KS

Keiko

--+p. 47 Yo.i

camera shop

Iight (not heavy)

(female name: In manY
cases, Japanese women's
names end with -ko.
e.g. Yoshiko, Kazuko, Y6ko,

Hiroko, Akiko, Masako)

keisatsu(-sho) police station

kissaten

kyokai

/iunsa

ongaku-ka

niku-ya
o-

niku meat
(Preflx to make N/Na
honoriflc. e.g. o-hana flow-

er; o-kuni

Your country;

o-namae your name)

female

onna no
seiji-ka

Ota

sUpd
suteki
toire
-ya

<-supermarket
<-steak

<-toilet
...shop, shop keeper

e.g. sakana-Ya flsh

yakkyoku

yao-ya

hito

(family name)

woman

shop,

flshmonger
pharmacY, chernist's
vegetableshop,greengrocer

yasai-sarada vegetable salad

Yasai vegetable

church

what? -+KS & FS

butcher (shop)

nan(i)
keikan

tea shoP, cofree house

Sore-kara, And then, After that

yilbin-kyoku- post

office

Unit 4

KS

31

l.

TAPE

i'

('A

O Key Structures

1.' Kore wa hon desu ka?

2.
3.

Ano hito wa dare desu

4'.

Are wa dare no jidOsha desu

5.

Sore wa nan no hon desu ka?

Kore wa nan desu

ka?
ka?

ka?

r----li

Is this a book?
2. WhaL is this?
:1. Who is that Person?
4. Whose car is that?
5. What book is that?

*More Examples For Practice

lll Are wa anata no jidOsha desu ka?

-\

E I ... k'aa

Sono baggu wa karu'i desu ka?

When you want to ask a question, simply put ka? at the end of the
sentence. This applies'

for both WH-Questions and

Yes/No-Questions.

ni toire ga arimasu ka?

l4 Are wa nan desu ka?
Kono biru

Unit 7 @ tells how to answer with 'Yes' and 'No.'

-Are

Kono biru wa nan desu ka?

what?

&fore d, t, and I

E (l"'".-l
g
E

wa hoteru desu.

sounds, nanr becomes nan.

-Kore

wa ginkd desu.

LE Ano onna no hito wa dare desu ka?

Ota Keiko-san desu.

-Ano hito wa

who?

Amerika no DaitdrY6 wa dare desu ka?

dareldonata no N?
nan no N?

whose N?

-Sore

what (kind of) N?

' As has already been explained in Unit 2 E, no has a broader meaning than the English 'of.' Thus, 'nan no N' can also be used when you
want to get an explanation concerning N.
e.g. To the question, "Kore wa nan no hon desu ka?", you can an-

swer, "Kore wa'Ei-go no hon desu."

Kore wa

dare no kasa desu ka?

wa watashi no (kasa) desu.

Kono kasa wa

-Sore

dare no desu ka?

wa Ota-san no desu.

Sore wa nan no tekisuto desu ka?

-Kore

wa Nippon-go no tekisuto desu.

Kore wa nan no e desu ka?

-Kore

wa 'Heiwa' no e desu.

E Is that your car?

Is that bag light?

Is there a toilet in this building?

p W-hat is that?

a
-That's
'What is this

hotel.

building?

a bank.

-It's
E Who is that ladY?
-She

is Miss Keiko Ota.

W'ho's'the President

of

the

US?

@ Whose umbrella is this?

mine.
-It's
Whose is this umbrella?

-That's

ffi

Miss Ota's.

Wfrat textbook is this?

-This

is a JaPanese textbook.

What is this Picture

about?

-This is lhe Picture

Peace.

32 Unit 4 FS

Unit 4

O Further Study

SARADA?-<eI ,th" Hotel Restaurant)

desu ka?
,',
this the front desk?
-Furonto

{.

NAN NO

Interrogative Pronouns

dare/donata

who?

dochira

(+Unit 15 FS>
where/what place? (+Unit 5 E)
(+Unit 15 FS>
which one?

doko
dore

what direction/who?

ikura

how many/much/ tall/ far /Iong etc.?

ikutsu
itsu

how many things?

what?

nan-gai

what floor?

nan-kai

how many

(+unft4E&tr>

times?
how many people?

(Cf. Unit 6 FS>

(Cf. Unit i7 FS m)
(Cf. Unit 6 FS>

(+Unit 28 tr>
(+Unit 15 FS>
how?
d0
(+Unft 15 FS>
donna
like what?
NB: Interrogatives can be used as Indefinites meaning 'any-/-ever,'
or 'some-' if you put -demo or -ka after them. e.g. dare-demo
why?

(anyone), dare-ka (someone), doko-demo (wherever), doko-ka (somewhere).

ka?

Yes, sir.

a
-Isthisthere
hotel?

restaurant in

Yes, there's one

Hai, chika ni gozaimasu.

in the base-

ment.

-Thanks.

*.**

-Do

>1.**

Interrogative Adverbs and Adjective

naze

-Kono

hoteru ni resutoran ga arimasu

-ArigatO.

nan-ji/-nichi/-y6(bi)/-eatsu/-nen what hour/dayof the month/

day of the week/montbfyear?
${B: Since these are Pronouns, they may be followed by Postpositions.
' But, itsu and some other Interrogatives of 'time' are not followed by
r' ni (+Unit 6
E & A>. Interrogatives asking for Number should be
used in the same way as Numbers (+Unit 28 FS>.

II.

-Is(on the phone)

Hdi, furonto desu.

when?

nan(i)

nan-nin

33

,fi

OConversation

hitepogatives

,I.

-Sutdki

ga arimasu

ka?

Hai, gozaimasu.
sarada ga arimasu
-Sore-kara,
Hai. Nan no sarada deshO ka?

-Nan

ka?

-Yes,

no?

And

a vegetable

then, do
-And
good wine?

yasai-sarada desu.

you have

Yes, we do.
*{<t<

Whose hat is this?

Hai.

i.i
-Sore-kara,

wain ga arimasu

Yours?

ka?

*{<*

Kore wa donata no o-bOshi desh6

watashi no desu.

ArigatO.

LYes, it's mine.

Thank you.

Hai, gozaimasu.

Anata no (o-boshi) desu

salad.

bread.

Yes, sir.

Sore-kara, pan.

-Hai,

Yes, we do.
do you have salads?
-And
Yes, sir. What kind of salad
do you want?
-What kind? a vegetable
'W'ould
that be
salad?

Yasai sarada deshO ka?

-Hai,

you have steak?

ka?

ka?

3L

Unit 4 LL

Unit 4

Olook & Learn

New Words For UNI'il

My'Town

aki
Asakusa
beddo
benehi
b0i
bOru-pen

ginko

kyokai

sh0b0-sho

keisatsu(.sho)

kissaten

depato

<-boyi waiter, bellboy

<-ball-point pen

mannenhitsu fountain pen

matchi

niku-ya

yakkyoku

Tokyo)

<-bed
<-bench

(old capital of Japan)

->U-I7 LL
Lo/tir...
window

front, this

side

<-match

bOto

<-boal

chika.i

near

doa

doko

place, wherel
-+KS & U-4 FS & U-15 FS

d6ro

road, street

...e

to

eki

erebeta

station
<-elevator

-gawa

...side

hana
hashi

flower,

hidari

(N) left

hondana

bookshelf

ikimasu
JC-ti-bi

go

raita

+-lighter

-san

--+p.

47

shita
soto

(N)
(N)

Iower part, bottom

mrgr

(N) rieht

<-door

mukO

the other/opposite

(N) what

naka

--+F. 161 0-i

/ toward lPlacel -+KS

(N)

side

inside

toward./ to lPlace] -+KS

(place name) +U-17 LL

...ni

Nikkd

<-notebook
<-office
(second largest

nOto

ofisu
0saka

city in

Japan) --+U-L7 LL
blossom

otoko

male

p6ti
rai-

otoko no ko boy
<-party
(Preflx) next...

rai-nen
rai-shU

next year
next week

bridge

<-JTB (Japan Travel Bu-

jitensha

reau)
bicycle

-San

kabin

flower

kaerimasu
...kara

return, come/go back

karenda
kEten
ki

<-calendar

tree;

kimasu

c0me

teburu

<-table

-kiro

...kilometer/kilogram

t0.i

ko

:kodomo

tokkyU
tonari

far away +p. 161 6'i

express (train)

vase

from...

wood

ko girl

outside
<-stereo

sutereo
tabako

<-curtain

onna no

sakana-ya

in

35

S";

Ky6to
,
...made
mado
mae

autumn, fall
(place name

NW

(<-Portuguese tobaco)
',

taipuraitd

cigarette, tobacco
<-typewriter

(N) next (to something)

(N) upper part, top
(N) back, the other side

kochira

this

one,/side / d*ection/
person -+U-15 FS

ue

kodomo

child
park

...yo.

..., I assute you. --+U-27 FS

yoko

(N)

Yokohama

(place name) --+U-I7 LL

kOen
kotae'

(N)

answer

ushiro

side

Unit 5

l.
TAPE 6T_0

O Key Structures
1. Ki no shita ni jitensha ga arimasu.

2.
3.
4.

Watashi wa ginkO

TOkyO Eki

Nno

wa doko desu

#',*

ka?

ue

above/onfover

strita

under/beneath

maelkochira(-gawa)

in front of/on this side of

behind/on that side of

yoko/tonari

ni

*More Examples For Practice

lrl Hashi no ue ni jitensha ga arimasu.
K6en no naka ni benchi ga arimasu.
Ylbin-kyoku no migi('gawa) ni kaisha
N

by/beside/next to

ga arimasu.

migi(.gawa)

on/to the right of

Ylbin-kyoku no hidari('gawa) ni ginkd

hidari(.gawa)

on/to the left of

ga arimasu.

naka

in/within

Ki no shita ni otoko no ko ga imasu'

Benchi no ushiro ni inu ga imasu.

outside of

l4

N wa [Place] e/ni ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu.

N

goes/comes/returns

X kara Y

from

made

Rai-nen watashi wa Nippon

Anata wa pdtl

to [Place].

To indicate Direction, e/ni clan be used as 'to, toward'

and ni are interchangeable.

Watashi wa TOkyO kara Osaka made ikimasu.

soto

2. I go to the bank.
It. I go from Tokyo to Osaka.
4. W-here is Tokyo Station?

37

ikimasu.

ushiro/muk61-ga1va)

There is a bicycle under the tree.

KS

in

ni kimasu ka?

Rai-shil watashi wa kuni

English.

X to Y

1gl "Yokohama

what

place?

Doko is an Interrogative Pronoun and so , fli, etc. must be used to

make Adverbials

like

'where.'

ni kaerimasu.

kara KYdto made."

X kara Y made, 500-kiro desu.

X kara Y made, 5,000-en desu.
[4] Koko wa doko desu ka?

a @

e ikimasu.

-Koko

wa Ginza desu.

Toire wa doko desu ka?

-ErebEtd

no Yoko desu.

There's a bicycle on the

bridge.

There's a bench in the Park.

There's a compa,ny to the
right of the post office.
There's a bank to the left of
the post office.
There's a boy under the tree'

There's

dog behind the

bench.

Next year I'Il go to Japan'

Are you coming to the Party?
Next week I'Il go home (to mY

country).
E "From Yokohama to KYo-

to." (Buying a ticket at the

'slation/ t r av el agency)
It's 500km from X to Y.
It costs 5,000 yen (to go) from

XtoY.
p W'here am I?
-This is Ginza.

Where is the toilet?

-It's

by the elevator.

38 Unit

5 FS

Unit 5

OConversation

O Further Study

HOTERU NO NAKA Nl. . .

ni

J6-t-r-bl no ofisu ga arimasu ka?

Hashi no ue

ni kodomo-tachi

Hashi no shita ni .b6to

Kaisha no mae ni k6ban

Ki no ushiro ni onna no
Kawa no kochira-gawa

ko

ni

k6en

Kawa no mukO-gawa ni ddro

farimasu.

uur

irmasu.

ni yUbin-kyoku
Kden no naka ni benchi
Kden no soto ni kawa
Gink6 no migi

kara NikkO made tokkyU ga

Hai, gozaimasu.

-Eki

2. Doko ni benchi ga arimasu ka?

3. Doko ni kaisha ga arimasu ka?
4. Doko ni inu ga imasu ka?
The answers to the above questions are hidden somewhere in this Unit.
"Doko ni kotae ga arimasu ka?"

ka?

Asakusa desu.

Koko ni TOkyO no chizu ga arimasu.

Kono hoteru wa koko, Asakusa wa koko

-TO.i desu ka?

lie, chika.i desu yo.
KyO ikimasu ka?

-lie, asu ikimasu.

want to go to Nikko.
-I
Nikko is beautiful in autumn.
there an express train
-Isfrom
Tokyo to Nikko?
Yes, there is,

-What

station does it leave

from?

Asakusa.

Here is a map of Tokyo.

This hotel is here, and Asakusa is here,

ka?

desu.
OAnswer the following questions about the above picture.
1. Doko ni jitensha ga arimasu k6?

desu.

wa Nikk6 e ikimasu.
-Watashi
Aki no NikkO wa kirei desu yo.

wa doko desu

is it?

To the right of that elevator.

***

arimasu

Is there a JTB
-Bellboy!
ofiice in this hotel?
-Where

-Doko desu ka?

Ano erebEtd no migi-gawa

-Tokyo

p;

Yes, there is.

Hai, gozaimasu.

\\N
b^N.-

39

<at ine Travel Agency)

naka
-B0i.san, kono hoteru no

r-<t--\^tN
\-,-- \

it far?
-Is
No, it is near.
Are you going today?

-No,

tomorrow.

VA tourist

bureau

L0 Unit 5 LL

Unit 5

NW 4l

Olook & Learn

My*Rgom

asa
chotto

mornlng

Chotto matte kudasai.

(Cph) Wait a moment.

ch0sha-jd parking lot

(Nv) parking
denki-sutando desk lamp
denki electricity
sutando +stand

karendd

gakk6 school
genki (N/N(a)) health, vigor
five o'clock -+FS
So-ji
go-kai 516 neel +FS
,..goro about fTime]
hachi-ji eight o'clock -+FS
spring (season)
haru
hima (N/N(a)) free time
hiru-yasumi noon

recess

hiru

daytime, noon
Yasumi rest, daY off

doa

kabin

haizara

h6seki jewel
ichi-ji on" o'.1egk -->FS
ik-kai 1st floor -+FS
(N/Adv) now, the present
ima

denwa

irasshaimasu (Honoriflc) (:imasu/

tabako

kimasu/ikimasu)

matchi
l,'i

tsukue
hon

enpitsu

taipuraitd

b0ru-pen

mannenhitsu

-+U-17 FS
every morning
(Cph) Hello, (telephone
Moshi-rtrbshi,
! f

mai-asa

a little

or

speaking

to

somebody

you don't know)

what time?
at/in/on lTime] -+KS
,n6 nesl --+FS

nan-ji
...ni
ni-kai
meat, flesh
niku
-nin
...persons +FS
o-genki (N/N(a)) :genki

O-genki desu ka? (Cph)

How are you? (To replv,
you say "Hai, genki desu'
Arigat6." Never saY, "Hai,
o-genki desu.")

o-hima (N/N(a)) :hima

o-kashi sweets, candy
o-kuni your/hisfeLc. countrY
rai-getsu next month

jio
<-radio
reizoko refrieerator
roku-ji ri* o'.1osl< --)FS
sakana fish
san-gai 3r4 neel -+FS
san-ji tnr.. o'r1esk -+FS
shitagi underwear
tud
ra

itsu
-ji
-j0

when?

ju-ji
ju-ni-ji

,.r,

twelve o'.1osl< -+FS

supdtsu

kaban
-kai

bag; briefcase

supdtsu-Y6hin sporting goods

-ydhin things for'.'

kashi
kon-ya

:o-kashi
tonight (:kon-ban)

tebukuro
uriba

gloves

k0to

<-coat

Ya,

Hi!

kudamono
ku-ji
mai-

fruit

yasai
yasumi
yon-kai

vegetable

...o'clock --+FS
place of...
o,.1osk _+FS

...nee1

__+FS

nine o'clock -+FS

(Preflx) every [Time]

sol(l{usu

<-socks

Soshite, .*And,
Sui-y6(bi) Wednesday
<-sport

counter, shop

rest, day ofi

4th floor '+FS

Unit 6

TAPE

GIO

Anata wa itsu Nippon e ikimasu

Mr. Tanaka get

-He'll be back at six.

ka?

:J..

(Nippon e) ikimasu.
-Kono haru
Tanaka-san wa itsu ie ni kaerimasu
ni (ie ni) kaerimasu.

ltg

.**

-I

2. When

O Key Structures

1.

L. When are you going to Japan?

go (to Japan) this spring.

KS

I'lI

does

home?

come here about three tomorro'

2.
ka?
,'
-Roku-ji
3. Watashi wa asu san-ji goro ni koko e kimasu.
*More

Examples

For Practice

Itl Amerika no Dait6ryd wa itsu

Nippon e

ikimasu ka?

N wa itsu fPlace] e/ni ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu ka?

When does

to [Place]?
.. ?' is itsu. Look at this

The word meaning 'when.

sentence con-

struction. The subject comes first, then the phrase meaning time, then
place, and lastly the verb. Quite different from the English word order,
':l

isn't

it? In

addition, you have more freedom in Japanese so far

as

word order is concerned (+unit 28 FS>. The only rule you have to
be careful of is to put V or desu at the end. The rest is up to you.
Moreover, the place, or even the subject, can be omitted when
understood

by the listener. e.g. ltsu kimasu

[Time] (goro) ni

in

all

are . ..ni. Easy, isn't

it

is

ka?

'At six,' 'in

go next year.
W'hen will the President of
France 'come to the States?

ni kimasu ka?

next month.
-He'lI comeyou
go home (to
When will

kimasu.

-Rai-getsu
Itsu kuni ni kaerimasu ka?
kaerimasu.

-Rai-shD
Itsu Osaka e ikimasu ka?

-Asu no asa ikimasu.

lZ Anata wa nan-ji ni p6tl ni kimasu ka?
goro ni kimasu.
-Hachi-ji
Asu no asa ku-ji ni gakkO e ikimasu.

(about) [Time]

The Postposition for Time is ni.

-Rai-nen
Furansu no Dait6ryd wa itsu Amerika

ikimasu.

gofcomefreturn

wa mai-asa jE-ji ni kaisha e

ikimasu. Soshite, go-ji ni ie ni kaeri-

Watashi
192g,' and .on Sunday':

it? Nouns meaning Time, the four seasons, days

of the week, etc. can be used as Adverbs as they are.
Put Cardinai Numbers before -ji to get '...o'clock., *FS

I When will the US President go to Japan?

masu.

JU-ni-ji kara ichi-ji made, hiru-yasumi

desu.

-He'11

your country)?
week.
When are you going to Osaka?

-Next

-Tomorrow

morning.

EWhat time are you coming

to the party?
come around eight.
-I'll
I'll go to school at nine tomor-

row morning.

go

to work at ten

morning. And

at

every

come home

five.
The noon break is from 12:00
to 1:00.

44 Unit 6 FS

Unit 6

O Further Study

Oconversation

Nurirerals and the Counting Systems

O.HIMA DESU KA?

O,Japanese has many Counter Suffixes. These are

only

some

of the more common

ones,

Number
I

ichi

nl

Things

Persons

o'clock

Floors

-nin

-ii

-kai

hitotsu

hitori

futatsu

futari

ichi-ji

ik-kai

nut

ni-kai

san

mittsu

san"ntn

sanJr

san-gar

shi
I von

yottsu

yo-nin

yoJl

yon-kai

go

itsutsu

go-nrn

goJl

go-kai

roku

muttsu

roku-n in

roku-ji

rok-kai

Ishichi-nin

lshichi-ii

shichi

nana

nanatsu

hachi

yattsu

(.lku

kokonotsu

10

Ju

1t

LKVII

jD-ichi

hak-kai

J.00 hyaku

ku-ji

kyu-kai

162 hyaku-roku-iu-ni
200 ni-hyaku

ku-nin

ju.ichi-nin

lul

jik'kai

I iuk-kai

iu'ichi-ji

ju-ik-kai

Ju'nr-.lr

ju-ni-kai

lu-n Lnrn

13

lu-san

lu-san

lu-san-nrn

j0-san-gai

L4

io'sni
]ltu-von

iu-shi
il t-vnn

lu-yo-nrn

jl-yon-kai

lu-90

lu-go

lu-go-nrn

jU-roku

jD-roku

jii-roku-nin

iu-rok-kai

t7

shichi
ilu
ltti-nana

{iu-shichi
I lu-nana

/iu-shichinin

j0-shichi-kai

18

jD-hachi

iu-hachi

jo-hachi-nin

19

ju'ku
II It-kvtI
nF,

nt-J

lu-nana-nrn

iD-nana-kai

jl-hachi-kai
iD-hak-kai

jD-kyu-nin
iu-ku-nin
nr-Ju-nrn

99

ju-kyu-kai

ni-jik-kai
ni-iuk-kai

ka?

lma doko ni imasu

-Nippon

go-hyaku

Hoteru ni imasu.

nana-hyaku

Are you free tomorrow?

I'm going to Nikko
When do you get back?

genki desu.

hap-pyaku
kyu-hyaku

nana-jU-roku

nisen
san-zen
yon-sen
go-sen

roku-sen
nana-sen
has-sen
kyu-sen

ichi-man

-lie,

be back at this hotel

about three on Wednesday.

-I'11

ka?

ka?

watashi wa asu NikkO e ikimasu.

Itsu kaerimasu

-Sui-yObi

ka?

no san-ji goro, hoteru

kaerimasu.

Please.

-No,
tomorrow.

-ArigatO,
Anata wa kon-ya o-hima desu
lie, pdti ga arimasu.
Asu wa o-hima desu

States.

Are you free this evening?

No, I've got a party.

ka?

O-genki desu ka?

rop-pyaku

the

you.
-Fine, thank

yon-hyaku

1,000 sen
1,976 sen-ky0-hyaku2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000

Ya, Jon-san desu

Tanaka?

Where are you now?

at the Nippon Hotel.
-I'm
How are you?

***

kyu-ju-kyu/kyD-jD-ku

300 san-byaku

400
500
600
700
800
900

iu-go-kai

16

60 roku-ju
70 nana-ju/shichi-ju
80 hachi-ju
90 kyu-ju

thachi-kai

JU-nr

]I il ju-t<u
r-kvr

go-ju

hachi-ji

jD-nin

san-ltr+oku
yon-jD/shi-i0

hachi-nin

lkvt-nin

ju-ichi

san-jtr-shi/san-ju-yon

-Hello, Mr.
This is John Smith from

Hi, is that you, John?

Hai, chotto matte kudasai.

san-ju

lshichi-kai
I nana-kai

t0

30
34
36
40
50

nrj-u-ni

ni-ju-shi/ni-ju-yon

A Friend)

Is Kaoru there?
Yes. Wait a moment,

ni-ju-ichi

I nana-ii

JU-nr

20

Tanaka-san desu ka?

Kaoru-san, irasshaimasu ka?

nana-nin

L2

15

(Calling

desu.
21
22
24

l+5

r9*

-Moshi-moshi,
Watashi wa Amerika no Jon Sumisu

Cardinal

ni

Unit 6

L6 Unit 6 LL

OLook & Learn

NW

47

New Words For UNIT 7

I

Department Store

arimasen do not exisl (Inanimate)

friendliness, we sometimes
put -san after a Noun.)
e.g. oji-san dear uncle,

_+KS

no uriba wa doko desu ka?

-kai

desu. (-On

(W'here can

the

floor.)

@, @s
tL

/d)
za,tlu

seta

kamera

jinia

so

+U-15 FS

Sd desu. (Cph)
That's right.

It's

so.,

tera
tomodachi

Buddhist temple
friend

T6sh69U

(famous shrine at Nikko)

-y6(bi)

(Suffix for names of the

days of the week)

yo.

good

tokei

Kingu-kongu +-King Kong

machi
town, city; street
gate
mon
(Counter Suffix for days)
-nichi

sokkusu

+FS

tebukuro

oishi. i
onii-san
o-tera

affir

delicious

older brother -+LL

: tera

(i.i

is good, yoku-na.i is
good, yo.katta was
good (+U-10), Yoku-na'
katta was not good
15U-10))
(famous gate of Toshogu
at Nikko)

not

sutsu-kesu baggu kaban kasa

kutsu

Ydmei Mon
chika ik-kai

niku

W#
yasai

capital city

s0

"t6fql

ff'+

sukato

sakana-ya-san flshmonger

shuto

Shinto shrine

denki-sutando

hdseki

dewa arirnasen not be +KS

(Counter Suffix for names
"gatsu .
of the monfhs of the year)

+FS
ikimasen not go +KS

reizOko

supOtsu-yOhin

f get _?>

kudamono

chika ni-kai

otdto

younger brother --+LL

rine6

apple

-5an

(To

express intimacy or

Unit 7 KS

TAPE

(it)

,t

Key"Structures

1.\

!'

Watashi wa sensei dewa arimasen.

1. I am not a teacher.
2. This town is not quiet.
i]. This apple is not delicious.
4. That person does not go to TokYo.
5. Arq you an American?

1..: Kono machi wa shizuka dewa arimasen.

3. Kono ringo wa oishi.ku-na.i desu.

4.
5.

Anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka?

am not.

*More Examples For

5o dewa arimasen.

lrl

\'!

Practice

Watashi wa kaisha-in dewa arimasen.

Ano hito wa kenchiku-ka dewa arima'

Nr wE N,/N(a) dewa arimasen.

N wa A.ku.na.i

N' is not Nr/Na.

sen.

Are wa anata no hon dewa arimasen.

Here, and later,

yo. for ;.;

desu.

N is not A.

indicates the stem

of A'i. The only

TOkyd no kawa wa kireidewa arimasen.

exception

lf

yasu'ku'na'i desu.

omo'ku-na'i desu.
DObutsu-en ni Kingu-kongu wa imasen.
KyO ano hito wa kimasen.

17.]

Tdky6 wa Nippon no shuto desu ka?

Kono baggu wa

V.masu-.V.masen

far, we've learned flve Verbs-arimasu, imasu, ikimasu, kimasu,

and kaerimasu-all ending with -masu. Negative forms for these are
made by changing -masu into -masefl and replacing 'N ga' with'N
wa.' +Unit 19 E
Hai, sd desu.

Kono reizdko wa

Ano terebi wa taka'ku-na'i desu.

(good).

So

--No,

Ano hito wa TdkyO e ikimasen.

-lie,

49

&

lie, sOdewa arimasen.

We learned in Unit 4 how to make Questions, by putting ka? al lhe

end of the statement. W'hen the answer is either "Yes,' or "No," you
can answer using the above Constructions if the question is in the. . .
desu ka? form and using Hai, V.masu or lie, V'masen if the question
is in the ...V.masu ka? form.

-Hai,

so dewa arimasen. Otdto desu'

Jon-san wa ky6 no Pdti

-Hai,
l-Hai,

-lie,

ni

kimasu ka?

kimasu.

Anata wa asu Tdkyd

ikimasen.
ikimasu.

not a company

em-

ployee.

He's not an architect.

That's not your book.
The rivers in Tokyo aren't
clean.

p This refrigerator is not

cheap.

That TV set is not exPensive.

This bag isn't heavy.

E KinS Kong is not in the
zoo.

He won't come today.

@ Is Tokyo the capital of
Japan?

-Yes, it

is.

Are you Keiko's older broth-

so desu.

Anata wa Keiko-san no onii-san desu ka?

-lie,

E I'm

ikimasen ka?

er?,'

-No. I'm

her younger broth-

er.

Will

John come

to

todaY's

party?
he will.
-Yes,
Aren't you going to TokYo
tomorrow?
not.
-No, I'm
I am.

-Yes,

50 Unit 7 FS

Unit 7

O Further Study
I

Names

Ii

Oconversation

Names

of the Months (:Cardinal Number*gatsu)

r Ni-gatsu Feb. i
i Go-gatsu May i
Shichi-gatsu July i Hachi-gatsu Aug. i
Ju-gatsu oct. i Lu-i.r'i-gutsu Nov. i
lchi-gatsu Jan.
Shi-gatsu Apr.

Mar.

Roku-gatsu June

ii

li
II.

Names

lst i Futsuka 2nd

Itiuka dttr i Muit<a 6th
Kokonoka 9th i Tdka 10th
L

I
I

Ku-gatsu

Sept.

lu-ni-gatsu Dec.

of the Days of the Month

Tsuitachi

lie, o-tera dewa arimasen.

Jinja desu.

Kore wa yUmei-na YOmei Mon desu.

-Kore

Do-y6(bi)

mo furu.i desu

s0 dewa arimasen.

Ka-y6(bi) Tues.

Moku-y6(bi) Thurs.

Kin-y6(bi) Fri.

Sat.

Nippon ni tomodachi ga imasu ka?

-Hai,

T0ky0 ni imasu.

-lie,

Nippon-jin desu.

Hai; lie vs. Yes; No

The Japanese Hai; lie do not correspond exactly to the English "Yes; No."

with the questioner's literal meaning/phrasing, and "lie" when we disagree, regardless of whether the Verb in the
W'e say "Hai" when we ag'ree

answer is affirrnative or negative. e.g. lkimasen ka? Hai, ikimasen. lie, ikimasu.

,ii

KyO T0ky0

-lie,

{<

{<

ni kaerimasu

kaerimasen.

Sui-y6bi ni kaerimasu.

-Yes, I've

ka?

some

in

Tokyo.

Are your friends American?

-No, Japanese.
**t<
Are you going back to Tokyo
today?

I'm not.
-No, going
I'm

Amerika-jin no tomodachi desu ka?

x<

li

ka?

Watashi wa Amerika-jin desu.

Getsu-y6(bi) Mon.

i<*r<

Japan?

Anata wa Furansu-jin desu

-lie,

this also old?

-Is
Yes, it is.

Are you French?

-No, I'm not.
I'm American.
Do you have any friends in

ka?

***

JU-yokka and Ni-jU-yokka

desu.

Hai, furu. i desu.

IfI.,"' Names of the Days of the Week

ii

mon.

Ydka 8th

respectively.

Sui-y6(bi) Wed.

ka?

Nanoka 7th

Hatsuka 2}th Ni-j0-ichi-nichi 21st...(Cardinal Number*nichi)

... San- j0-ichi-nichi 31st

I
i

jinja desu

lie, atarashi. ku-na.

JU-ichi-nichi 11th ... ( :Cardinal Number* nichi) ... J1-ku-nichi 19th

Nichi-y6(bi) Sun.

It's a Shinto shrine.

-Is this a new shrine?
No, it's not new,
This is the famous Yomei-

Yokka 4th

ri

rll

This is Toshogu.
-Is this a Buddhist temple?
No, it's not a temple.

ka?

Mikka 3rd

NB: The 14th and the 24Lh are usually cailed

l

-Rore

wa o-tera desu

-Atarashi.i

il

(Visiting Nikko)

Koko wa TOshOg0 desu.

San-gatsu

51

,si

HAI, SO DESU.

of Times

back on Wednes-

day.

VYomei-mon

52

Unit 7

Unit 7 LL

Olook & Learn

New Words For UNIT

XFrom now on, Verbs are introduced
to rise, go up
to exist, be (The V.nai

u# Famitv

qgar'
ar.

aruk.

...'...'... oya,/
(older)

ryoshin

(younger)

:'."'' "''

"

"''.'

kyOdai

Someone Else's Family

6 olii-san-------

to meet
...ni/to aw. to meet...

nor.

ban-gohan

supper, dinner

densha

gaido-bukku

f obz.san

OOa-San

gohan

hair.
d olr-san

+:f:::l

? oba.san

fr

(older)

,s;,!'*;

hanas.
hashir.

(younger)

i.
ik.
im6to
isog.

$ onc-san

JA,

kaer.
--------t

$ mu'suko-grn
botchan

NB:

'W'hen you

i"

.'." " .kodomo-san

refer to your elders, you can occasionally use the words

basically indicating the second or third person's family even if they
are your orrn relatives. e.g. Watashi no ot6-san
(My husband'. and 'yout/her husband'
are shujin and go-shujin respectively.

Jtu"p

kak.
kaw.

kik.
ko5ogar.
kotoshi

kudar.
kuru

nlagar.

mat.
mawar.

to climb; rise
to drink
kusuri o nom.

ndbor.'
nom.

aw.

-?tsuma,/kanai

$i
to watch, see, look
to lie down; go to bed;

ne.

breakfast
asa morning

de.

59

forms.

mi.'

asa-gohan

'daigaku

6 watashi

form of ar. is never used)

...9a ar. There's...
to walk

in their,stem

NW

to

take

medicine

to ride, get on
...ni nor. to ride (on)...
-+KS

ban night

.,.o
ochi.

college, university

oki.

to come/go out; appear,

show up; leave, graduate
...o/kara de. to come/go
out of..., leave...
tram, train

oje'

<-guidebook
boiled rice; meal
to enter

Shinkyd (famous bridge at Nikko)

Sd desu ka? (Cph) Is that so?;

...ni hair. to enter...

to speak, tell, talk
to run
to exist, be, stay
to go

suber.
sugu
sukoshi
suru

younger sister --+U-7

to hurry up
Well, then; Bye!
to come/go back
to write; draw
to buy
to listen, hear
to roll
this year
to come down
to come
to bend, turn (Vi)
to wait
to spin, go round

to fall --+LL
to get up; rise -+LL
to break 6/l) -+LL
to climb down; get off

ori.

rek6do

<-record
1s

shin.

to die

ReallyJ
to slip
soon

(N/Adv)alittle,afew
to do
to eat

tabe.

LL

lall _rLL

sagar.

probably

tabun
taihen

very

taore.

tat.
tegami
tenki

Ipn'
tomar.

tsuk.
ugok.
uisuki
Uh...,
yoku

''

to fall 6eq7n _+LL

to stand up
letter, epistle
(good) weather

to jump; fly
to stop (Vi); stay
to arrive
...ni tsuk. to arrive at...
to move
<-whiskey

Yes..., W'ell,
often

Unit 8

l. I
TAPE (il:(B

O Key St'ructures

1.
2.
3.

Anata wa ban-gohan o tabemasu.

4.

'Koko de densha

5.

Watashi wa terebi

mimasu.

55

watch TV.

2. You eat supper.

I.i. I write a letter to my younger sister.
4, I get off the tram here.
5. I leaVe home at six every morning.

lm6to ni tegami o kakimasu.

o orimasu.
Mai-asa roku-ji ni ie o demasu.

*More Examples For

ll lNov'l
As you know, English verbs can be classified into two categories:
transitive and intransitive. A transitive verb is one followed by an object noun. Most Japanese Verbs equivalent in meaning to Engtish transi-

tive verbs are preceded by Nouns with o. Exceptions are; norimasu

(ride), hairimasu (enter), aimasu (meet), and a few others which are
precedgd by N ni.
V', lhereafter, indicates Y.masu, V.masen, etc. *below

V"; V"; V"

The V.masu form, in which the five Verbs so far have been introduced, is not, in fact, the basic form for Verbs. Accordingly, Verbs wiil
be introduced from now on in their stern forms (V). You will be expected to make the V" forms by yourself. Don't worry, it's not difficult
to make the V' forms. *FS
All Verbs can be grouped into three categoriesl
O V": Verb stems ending with vowels e or i
@ V": Verb stems ending with consonants
@ V": the Irregular Verbs kuru (to come) and suru (to do)

Practice

l.tl Anata wa yoku terebi o mimasu

-Hai,

KS

ka?

yoku mimasu.

Do you watch TV very

much?

Anata wa yoku rekbdo o kikimasu ka?

-Hai, yoku kikimasu.

-Yes, I often watch TV.

Do you often listen to records?

Watashi wa mai-asa hachi-ji niasa-gohan

listen to rec-Yes, I often

ords.

tabemasu.

Wain o nomimasu ka?

-lie,

uisuki o nomimasu.

Anata wa atarashi.i sutereo

kaimasu

Will

kaimasu.

Do ybu speak Chinese, too?

Will

we take a

taxi?

My younger brother will

hanashimasen.

iUnit,

-Yes,

Japanese?

Ispeakalittle.

I don't.
-No, you/Shall

sukoshi hanashimasu.

NB: N o+mo (+unit 3

am.

Do you speak

Ch0goku-go mo hanashimasu ka?

-lie,

you/Shall we wait for

Smith?

machimasu ka?

Anata wa Nippon-go o hanashimasu ka?

-Hai,

eight

-No, I drink whiskey.

Are you going to buy a new
-Yes,

Sumisu-san

at

stereo set?.

ka?

-Hai,

have breakfast

every morning.
Do/Will you drink wine?

E) -N

mo

19 FS

T6kushi ni norimasu ka?

Otdto wa kotoshi daigaku ni hairimasu.

start college this year.

56 Unit

Unit 8

8 FS

O Further Study

OConversation

How to Make V.ffidSU Forms

I. V" (Vowel-ending Verbs)

NAN-JI Nl KAERIMASU

-e

-i
II. V" (Consonant-ending
Final

tabemasu

oki.

okimasu

6g

-b

tob.

-o b

isog.

-* tobimasu
-* isogimasu

-k
-m
-n

kak.

--+ kakimasu

nom. --+ nomimasu

r"'.r1"..r-

.1-:i-:'s:"lsi',1-

+ ;;*r, * ,.ffi

shin' -'shinimasu
kaer.

kaerimasu

-s

hanas.--+ hanashimasu

-t

mat. -'
kaw.

III. V" (Irregular

machimasu

--+ kaimasu

------+

shimasu

(An Appointment>
-Hello,

So desu

I'm in Nikko
Is that so?
Are you having

ka?

now.
good weath-

er?

it is very nice.
I'm in front of a

-Yes,

You mean Shinkyo Bridge,

don't you?

-Holdlookonatamy guidebook.
I'Il
'Well..., perhaps you're
minute,

ShinkyO desu ne.

-Chotto matte kudasai. . ..

Gaido-bukku o mimasu....

right.

,, tabun s0 desu.

Asu nan-ji ni TOkyO e kaerimasu ka?

ju-ji ni koko no hoteru o demasu.

-Asa

Ju-ichi-ji no tokkyu ni norimasu.

What time will you get back

to Tokyo tomorrow?
leave the hotel here at

-I'lI
ten in the morning.

I'll take the 11:00 express.

I'll get to Tokyo about
two, and then

I'll

Ni-ji goro T0ky0 ni tsukimasu.

l,---

Ja, watashi wa ni-ji goro kaisha

t*i'-+ chi

-------------,:l':-":_-,

fNow you can make the V.masu forms for the following Verbs, can't
ik. (to go); kuru (to come); kaer. (to return); tabe. (to eat)
ne. (to go to bed); aruk. (to walk); hashir. (to run)
hanas. (to speak); ar. (to exist); i. (to exist/stay)

you?

demasu.

return

to my hotel immediately.
Then I'll leave my office
ni

around two.

kaerimasu.
i

red

bridge.

lma aka.i hashi no mae ni imasu.

Un. .

Kaoru?

This is John.

lma NikkO ni imasu,

Sore-kara sugu Nippon Hoteru

Verbs)

kuru ------+ kimasu

suru

KA?

l.i tenki desu ka?

-Hai, taihen i.i tenki desu.

Verbs)

Consonants

-r

tabe.

57

F'-

Kaoru-san?
-Moshi-moshi,
,
Jon desu.

Final Vowels

VShinkyo Bridge

58

Unit 8 LL

Unit 8

Olook & Learn

@--* i-;
(to

aruite

.-s]l e- -i-\
\d
&

-')-_-*c
(

ugok.

tomar.

(to stop)

move)

) l-

/nobor.
(to rise)

agar.

sagar.

/kudar.

(to faII)

i1

asob.
basu'
chichi
...de

eiga
F6do
fune
hanas.
hashi

by walking, on foot
<-aruk. +U-12 FS
to play, amuse oneself

or.

<-bus

otos.

(my) father ->U-7 LL

oyog'

to bend and break -+LL

to push
late; slow
to drop (Vt)
to swim

@ at/in fPlace]
@ with/by means

pUru

<--(swimming) pool

of ...

movies

os.

oso.i

robi

<--lobby

-san

O Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.
@ After Nouns to express
intimacy or friendliness

<-Ford
ship, boat
to let go, Ieave

Sat6
Shinkansen

chopsticks

hashitte by running <--hashir.

tob.

tob.

suber.

korogar.

(to jump)

(to nv>

(to slip)

(to roll)

l---'1:t

i,rq
i/(::/
tat.

taore.

(to stand up)

(to fall)

magar.

(to

bend)

,.. -t

il

ft
lr

de.

(to

come

out)

ore.

(to break)

(:fb
@

ffi",

\-

-'

ochi.

mawar.

(to tatt>

(to spin)

Make the V.masu forms for the above Verbs.

name)

('bullet' super-express
lines of the Japanese

hik.

to pull

hik6-ki
hon-ya
ire.

airplane

shokuji (Nv) meal

bookstore

36 desu

isoide

in a hurry

issho-ni

-+U-12 FS
together
always

itsu-mo
J6, mata,

.l

(family

National Railways, soon

to crisscross all of Japan)

-+U-12 FS

hair.
(to enter)

59

New Words For UNI,T $.

Movements
I

NW

(Cph) That sounds good.

Sorc-dewa, W'ell, then,
sushi (Japanese cuisine; raw

to let...enter; pour
<-isog.

(Cph)

See you.

mata

again

ne.

flsh slices on

tanoshi.i
+p.

pleasant, amusing

tanoshi.ku merrily,

173

machine for...

tenisu

<-tennis

k6hi

<--coffee

...to

*111...

kon-ban

tonight (:kon-Ya)

kotori

(small) bird
vehicle, automobile
(Southern island of Japan)
-->U-I7 LL
to bend, turn (Vt)

tome.
tsukam.

mage.
mai-nichi
mata

driruku
nage.
natsu

every day
again (also used in parting
as in "See you again."

-+p. 173)
<-miIk
to throw
summer

pleas-

antly

-ki

kuruma
KyEshii

vinegared

rice)

uchi
uke.
umi

utaw.

--+KS

to stop (Vt)
to seize, gtasp
'o housei my home/company
to receive, catch
sea, ocean

to sing
Cf.

uta

song

Unit 9

KS 6l

l.

TAPE

6t)

O Key Structures

your sister this evening?

1. ;Watashi-tachi wa Nippon e hikO-ki de ikimasu.

2. ',,Kodomo-tachi wa kOen de tenisu o shimasu.

3.

Kon-ban im6to-san

4. A bird sings merrily.

5. I go to work on foot.
6. I'll meet (my) friend at the hotel.

to uchi e kimasu ka?

4.i' Kotori wa tanoshi.ku utaimasu.

5. Watashi wa kaisha e aruite ikimasu.

6.
E

*More Examples For Practice

lrl Watashi wa basu de kaisha e ikimasu.
Ky[shU e Shinkansen de ikimasu ka?

Watashi'wa hoteru de tomodachi ni aimasu.

with/by

[Something] de

tTt"""f t"-l

atlin

means

Nippon-jin wa hashi de gohan o tabemasu.

of lSomethingl

l2l Anata wa itsu-mo doko de nemasu

de nemasu

[Place]

to indicate where a given object exists or

(+Unit 5 E)

Anata wa natsu p0ru de oYogimasu ka?

-lie,
ld

Mai-nichi chichi

dachi

to

Adj + Iy*Adv

to aimasu.

to eiga o mimasu ka?

ya F6do-san to mimasu'

Watashi to ikimasu ka? Tanaka-san to

ikimasu ka?

The Possessive can be omitted when

it

is

understood.

-Anata to

ikimasu.

Kon-ban oso.ku kaerimasu.

Kodomo wa soto de genki-ni asobimasu.

,
ErSoko e aruite ikimasu ka?
jitensha de ikimasu.

-lie,

I So to work
E
'WiIl

by

bus.

you go to KYushu bY

Shinkansen?

Japanese

eat with

chop-

sticks.

Where do

you

usuallY

sleep?

sleep upstairs.
-I
Do you swim in the PooI in
summer?

shimasu'

Itsu-mo dare

V.te functions just iike the English '-ing.' This Construction can be
use{ in the expressions; aruite ik. (to so (by) walking), hashitte ik.
(to go (by) running), isoide ik. (to go (by) hurrying), etc. Unit 12 FS
explains how to make this V.te form.

tenisu

Nippon-go de hanashimasu.

-Sat6-san

to

Watashi wa yoku Nippon-jin no tomo'

together with N

A.ku; N(a).ni

umi de oyogimasu.

Sono hon-ya-san de Ota-san

the &irection of a given action.

E@

ka?

-Ni-kai

The Postposition de is used after [Place] to tell where a given action

or event takes place. Don't confuse this with the ni used after lPlace]

(+Unit 3 B)

We go to Japan by Plane.
2. Children play tennis in the park.
i|. Will you come to my house with

I swim in the ocean.

-No,ptay
tennis with mY
EI

father every day.

I'11 meet

Ota at the bookstore'

often speak (in)

Japanese

with my Japanese friends.

With whom do You usuallY
go to the movies?

---With Sato and Ford.

'Will you go with me? Or

with Mr. Tanaka?
with you'
-I'llI'Il go
get
home late tonight.
E

Children play outdoors cheer-

fully.
E Are you going there
foot?

-No, I'll

go by bicycle.

on

62 Unit 9 FS

Unit 9

O Further Study
t.

How 'to Make

V'

Oconversation

I.I

Forms

Affirmative
Present

Past

'

Negative

V.masu +Unit 8 FS

V.masen +Unit Z bl

V.mashita +Unit 10 E V.masen deshita +Unit 10 E

How to Gef There

:'.

(Over A Cup Of Coffee)

DESU NE.

Hoteru no robT de aimasu

ka?

Shall we meet

-Yes.

Asakusa kara takushT de

-Watashi wa
kaerimasu.

go back from Asakusa

-I'll
by taxi.
I'll hurry.

lsoide kaerimasu.

See you then.

you.

Then,

I'll walk there'

-See
Good

-Ja.

,(t<t

about having coffee?

idea. But where?

-There

is a restaurant

of this

basement

kuruma/jidOsha de

ir

6r

-KOhT
l.i desu

-Kono

lrummm|qfi

litensha de

-Hai,
\
fune de

6.?

NiI,,

&".
aruite

isoide

(your

-Yes,

little.

**

Shall we

have

thanks.
t<

dinner to-

gether?

-Good.
Sha[ we have sushi?

-That

sounds good.

chotto. . ,, arigatO.
VKaminari-mon in Asakusa

***

lssho-ni shokuji

i
ne.
-1. desu
Sushi o tabemasu
desu
-SO
I

hashitte

ni resutoran

iremasu ka?

.,':::F!r
Shinkansen de

in

coffee)?

***
o

put milk

Do you

Doko de?

hoteru no chika

takushr de

Miruku

chika-tetsu de

ne.

in the

hotel.

i<r<*

nomimasu ka?

ga arimasu.

:/^\:l

hotel

Sore-dewa, watashi wa aruite ikimasu.

-How

densha de

at the

lobby?

-Hai.

J6, mata.

hik6-ki de

63

rV*

ne.

shimasen ka?

ka?

6L Unit I LL

Unit 9

Olook & Learn

<-Africa
(N) rain

Afurika
ame

ame ga

fur. it

rains, to

kyonen

Iast year

mirai
mukashi

future

(N/Adv) old times,

rain
asatte
ashita

atataka.

mi.

kik.

(to see/watch)

(to hear/listen)

kak.

hanas.

(to

speak)

atsu.

the day after tomorrow

omoshiro.

tomorrow (:asu)

ototoi

warm

samu.

night

Cf. ban-gohan

(to pull)

(to push)

or'

mage.

(to

bend)

a\

lr

nAFr't'- "

IW
///

/ ,M

(to break)

A\

supper

uke.

tsukam.

hanas.

(to throw)

(to receive)

(to grasp)

(to let go)

winter

taki

walerfall

gaido
gogo
gozen
hiru

<--(tourist) guide
(N/Adv) afternoon, p.m.

takusan

(N/Adv) much;

tanj6bi

birthday

shOsetsu-ka

(N/Adv) morning, a.m.

(N/Adv) noon; daytime

(to eat)

(to drink)

(to stop)

(to drop)

for the

above Verbs.

lo take
shashin
picture
to

o tor. to

take

read

(N/Adv) nieht
(N/Adv) last night
(N/Adv) evening
Thal's too bad. ;I'm sorry

to hear lhat.

kinO

konsato
tdrmori

0 Make the V;masu forms

tor.

ni-gatsu ni-jU-yok-ka desu.

(My birfhday is Dec. 24.)

Zannen desu ne. (Cph)

@
otos.

many

zannen-na. regrettable

"T"

tome.

novelist

Watashi no tanjdbi wa jU-

yom.
yoru
y0be
ylgata

tr

nom.

wind, and feelings)

(Nv) explanation
setsumei
photo
shashin
shinsetsu-na kind, obliging
(N/Adv) future
shbrai

waterfall at Nikko)

nage.

tabe.

Cf. tsumeta.i cold (of

things you can touch,

fuyu

_j "-ry

cold (only of weather)

deshita

ikimashita went <-ik.

Kegon no Taki Kegon Falls (famous

-\j,"'\

interesting; funny
the day before yesterday

But,
was, were --+KS

Demo,

os.

hot

atsu.ku-na.katta was not

ban

hik.

atsu.katta was hot

(to write/draw)

long

ago

hot

/r4h/;

6s

New Words For UNfT flp

Basic Actions

<@

NW

yesterday
<-concert

(N)

cloudy weather

<-kumor. to get

cloudy

Unit 10

ii

TAPE

(iI)

O Key Structures

1l

KinO wa watashi no tanj6bi deshita.

2:"

Kyonen watashi wa Afurika

l,

Yesterday was my birthday.

2.

ll.

This novelist was not famous.

went to Africa last

year.

ikimashita.

*More Examples For Practice

lrl

KinO

wa Nichi-yd(bi) deshita.

Ame deshita.

N, wa N,/N(a) deshita.

N wa V.mashita.

lzl Nippon e hik6-ki de ikimashita

-Hai, hikd-ki de ikimashita.
Fuji-san o mimashita ka?

N' was Nr/Na.

ka?

-Hai, mimashita.

N did....

Kind wa tenki dewa arimasen deshita.

Kumori deshita.

So

""pr"s

Past events, change desu, -masu to deshita, -mashita.

Kden wa shizuka dewa arimasen

Nr w8 N,/N(a) dewa arimasen deshita.

N'wa V.masen deshita.

N wa A.katta

Nr wash't Nr/N(a).

N didn't...

plane?

-Yes, I went by

Did you

plane.

Mt. Fuji?
I
saw it.
-Yes,
E It was not good weather
see

yesterday.
It was cloudy.

The park was not quiet.

There were many children

desu.

of A.ku-na.i

desu

A.ku-na.katta desu,

A.ku-na. can be treated just like any other Adjective. +FS

E I didn't swim in

Kodomo-tachi ga takusan imashita.

ocean this year either.

PUru de oyogimashita.

Kin6 anata wa soko e ikimashita ka?

-lie,
[d

N wasn't A.

is

deshita.

J4 Kotoshi mo umi de oyogimasen deshita.

N was A.

desu.

N wa A.ku-na.katta
The Past form

I Yesterday was Sunday.

It was rainy.
E Did you go to Japan by

there.

To express Negative Past, add deshita after -masen.

87

4. Mr. Ota was not at the hotel.

5. It was hot the day before yesterday.
6. It was not hot yesterday.

3. Kono shOsetsu-ka wa yumei dewa arimasen deshita.

4. Ota-san wa hoteru ni imasen deshita.
5. Ototoi wa atsu.katta desu.
6. KinO\,\wa atsu.ku-na.katta desu.

KS

because

'

ikimasen deshita.

KinO wa

atataka.katta desu.

Samu.ku-na. katta desu.

Ytibe no konsdto wa yo.katta desu.
Sono sh6setsu wa omoshiro.katta desu.

the

swam in a pool.
Qid you go there yesterday?
-No, I didn't. yesterday,
p
It was warm

It

was not cold.

The concert last night was
good.

That novel was

68 Unit

Unit 10

10 FS

O Further Study

OConversation

How to Make Past Forms

ZANNEN DESU
NikkO

-lie,
l.

wa samu.katta desu

(Talking About Travel)

ka?

it cold at Nikko?
-No, it wasn't cold.
Was

samu.ku-na.katta desu.

The weather was

tenki deshita.

-Pati wa tanoshi.katta desu ka?

ln.runa.i

II

lllji,ll

NB: A.ku-na.i, V.nai (+Unit

lA.runa.r<atta

13 FS>, and V.tai (+Unit

21

FS)

-How was Emily?

Fine. Did you take any

Anata no tomodachi no Emirt-san

pictures at Nikko?
I didn't.
-No,you
see Kegon Falls?
Did

genki deshita
-Emiri-san wa
NikkO de shashin

-lie,

katta

o mimashita

ku-na

katta

{T--rEi
tunu

katta

-|T',.oqlruttu

Really? That's too bad.

It's a very famous waterfall.
Did your guide explain in
English?
was

in

Japanese.

But she was a considerate

ka?

guide.

mimasen deshita.

Taihen yOmei-na taki desu.

Gaido wa Ei-go de setsumei-

-lie,
f_v.g]

didn't.

have

shimashita
i

ka?

-No, I

-No, it

torimasen deshita.

Kegon no Taki

katta

i-

o torimashita

SO desu ka? Zannen desu ne.

E'

tr,nul

ka?

Hai.

-lie,

the same conjugational forms as A.i.

there.

Hai, taihen tanoshi.katta desu.

kimashita yo.

you enjoy your party?

Yes, it was a lot of fun.
Your friend Emily was also

-Did

T0ky0 wa ame deshita.

.[.

good.

I had a good time.

It rained in Tokyo.

Tanoshi.katta desu.

il.

69

f'.-

NE.

ka?

Nippon-go deshita.

Demo, shinsetsu-na gaido-san

'deshita.
7

YCedar trees in Nikko

Unit 10 NW'

70 Unit 10 LL

Olook & Learn

71

New Words For UNIT ld"

Time Flies

to give --+KS & FS

"Ai rabu yu." <-'I love you.'
i

rpato

<-apartmenL, flat

I
rose
lrenkyO 1Nv) study
lrifuteki <-beefsteak
opuron <-apron
l)ara

oba-san

aunt +U-7 LL

oji-san

uncle +U-7 LL

o-kane

money

o,mryage
orenji
otobai

<-orange

-miyage
<-autobike, motorcycle

csukar6ta eescalator
Gakken (name of a publishing
yiigata

yoru/ban

company)

lraha

(my) mother -->U-7 LL

lanbo-jetto <-jumbo jet, (Boeing 747)
ji-pan
(<-jean pants) jeans

tiyu

(N/N(a)) freedom, liberty

(Courtesy

JiyU no Megami Statue of

metal;

ren-k6to

money

kaneshon ecarnation
kure. to give -+KS & FS

maiku

<--mike, microphone

megami

goddess

meron
mise
miyage
moraw.
naifu
...ni
ningyo
asu/ashita

asatte

Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd.)

purezento (Nv) <-present

Liberty
kane

of

<-raincoat

sandoitchi <-sandwich
sup6tsu-ka <-sports car

<-melon
shop

souvenir, presenl
to receive, get+KS

&

FS

<-knife
tuomfby lPerson] -+KS
doll

(Courtesy

of Nissm Motor

Co., Ltd.)

tpu-rekOdd +-tape recorder

wai-shatsu <-white shirt
(Wai-shatsu, or Y-shatsu,

originally meant a'white'

shirt, but it has changed

in

meaning

and

loday

means a'dress

shirt';

hence

we have
Yoshida

mukashi

mirailshOrai

kara-wai-shatsu
'color' white shirts !)
(family name)

Unit 11

":[.
ai

ll. Are you giving a camera to that

$ructures

O Key

1.
2.
3.

TAPE CrFG)

:
r,.

Watashi wa oji-san kara purezento o moraimashita.

Watashi wa anata ni kono hon o agemasu.
Anata wa ano hito ni kamera o agemasu

4. WiIl you give

li. My alnt gave

fPerson"] wa fPerson"]

to

gives [something]$. [Person"J

Anata wa tanjdbi ni oba-san kara nani o

moraimashita
Amerika

to [Person"].

There are two Verbs meaning 'to give'

The difference in

o moraimashita.

[Person"].

ni lsomething] o kure'

-age'

and kure'.

to Third

to moraw..

Person.

Kure' is

aunt on your birthday?

America got the Statue of
Liberty from France.

E I'Il give this book to You.

I

gave my mother a carnation.

'W'hom wiII you give that

rose to?

Are you giving me this

Watashi wa haha ni kin6shon o agema'

-Yes,

ka?

(Anata wa) watashi ni kono

masu

ka?

-Hai,

agemasu.

eo

kure-

$t6-san wa watashi ni tegami o kure'

mashita.

money from You

yesterday.
I got these jewels from Mr.
Tanaka.
What did you get from Your

picture?

(Anata wa) sono bara o dare ni agemasu

use&

E I got

masu.

shita.

to Third Person, and Third

in all other cases.

Moraw. means 'to receive.' This is used when First Person receives
from Second/Third Person, Second from Third, and Third from Third.
When Second/Third Person receives from First Person, or Third from
Second, other Constructions using age' (+FS> are used in preference
Person

Furansu kara 'JiYU no

o moraimashita.
ld (Watashi wa) anata ni kono hon o age'

usage between these depends upon the relation be-

Second/Third Person, Second Person

wa

ka?

Megami'

tween the giver and the receiver. Age' is used when First Person gives

to

o-kane o

Watashi wa Tanaka-san kara kono h6seki

ni lsomethins] o age'

lPerson"] gives lsomething]

me a Present.

moraimashita.

lPerson"] receives/gets [something] from [Person'].

fPerson"] wd [Person"]

me this Photo?

*More Examples For Practice

lrl Watashi wa anata kara kin6

lPersoh"] wa [Person"] kara/ni [something] o moraw'

peison?,

73

ka?

4. 'uAnata wa watashi ni kono shashin o kuremasu ka?

5. Oba-san wa. watashi ni purezento o kuremashita.

ll

l. I got a present from mY uncle.

'2. I'll give this book to You.

KS

it's for

you.

Mr. Sato wrote me a letter.

74 Unit lL

tJniL

FS

O Further Study
,i

GivB and

Get-

OConversation

TAIHEN

dg., kure., and motnw.

$8e. orisinaliy meant 'to give upward (to)', with kure. the opposite,
meaning 'to give downward (to).' So age. is used when the lower person
gives to the higher person and kure. when the higher gives to the lower.

Third Person is regarded as the highest, First Person as the lowest,

ahA Secona Person in the middle. This ranking of Persons is based on
the First Person's closeness to the other Persons, those persons who are closer

I.I HON

a Third Person who is very

close to the First Person-such as
a member of the First Person's
family-is lower than an ordinary
fore,

Second Person.

Ano aka.i hashi no

-NingyO desu.

red bridge.
t**

**t<

-That's a beautiful tie.

This? Emily gave it to me at

nekutai desu ne.

Kore desu

the party.

ka? Patl de Emirr-san

Watashi wa Emin-san ni Nippon-go no

with

kure..

mo Nippon-go o

benky6-

OChoose

the correct Verbs meaning 'give.'

Watashi wa anata ni

Answers

O
O

Watashi wa Jon-san ni
Anata wa watashi ni

Anata wa Jon-san ni

(@ agemasu.

purezento

Gakken no Nippon-go no tekisuto

desu.

Jon-san wa watashi ni

1r'

[@ kuremasu.

Jon-san wa anata ni

Chichi wa Jon-san ni

are desu

ka?

Watashi mo moraimashita.

studying

Japanese,

Yes.

it a good book?
-Is
Yes, it's a very good book.
It's a Japanese textbook
too.

i.i hon desu ka?

-Sore
Hai, taihen i. i hon desu.

-Oh, is Emily
too]

-Oh,

Hai.

-4,

gave her a book on the

published by Gakken.
that book. I've got one,

shimasu ka?

wa

+: age. , >:kure., moraw.

Japanese language.

kara moraimashita.

-Emiri-san

present from

I bought this at
-Athedoll.
shop in front of that

mae no mise de kaimashita.

ship betweenthe giver and the re-

ceiver is the same as

is a
-This
Nikko.
What is it?

hon o agemashita.

to those cases when the relation-

Present>

Thank you.

Nan desu ka?

The use of moraw. is restricted

Fers6ntg Family

(A

DESU,

DOmo arigat6.

-Kirei-na

75

*:

--Kore wa Nikk6 no o-miyage desu.

being regarded as lower. There-

1l C

Yoshida-san kara moraimashita.

Mr. Yoshida gave me

copy.

Unit 11

16 Unit 11 LL

Olook & Learn

kamera
purezento

AB

terebi
sutereo

8--z\ re

supOtsu-kd

erebEti
esukar6t6

naif u

meron
orenji

k0hi
sandoitchi
6tobai
wai-shatsu

bifuteki
tpu-rekOdd

janbo-jetto
toire
apdto
depZto
maiku

ji'pan
epuron
ren-l(oto

"Ai rabu y[."

77

New Words For UNIT 12

Guess What. . . Familiar Names, Perhaps. . . ?

rajio

NW

ffi
WryW
ffi=*

ffiR*X
ffi
BEw?W@

lke.

to open (Yt)
Cf. ak. to open (Vi)

for a door)

(Nv) attention, caution

r;hui
_+KS
...de
rleguihi exit, way oul
fuirumu <-fllm

shibafu turf, lawn

so --+U-15 FS
s0
SO

so?; ReallY?
SO desu ne. (Cph) That

hiru-gohan lunch

hiru daytime, noon

one --+U-6 FS
to bully, treat harshly,
be cruel to, tease

ikimasho

let's go
<-ik.'-+KS

iriguchi
"kata

entrance
<-cake

kiken-na

dangerous

kin'en
kippu

No Smoking

kudasai
man

please give -+KS

mina-san
mise.

mite
noriba
odor.
oshie.
o-te-arai
Pisu
renzu
se,

me.

ticket

ten thousand -+U-6 FS

everybody

to

show

<-mi .-+KS&FS
(bus) stop, (train) platform

to dance
to teach, tell
toilet (:16;1s;
<--Peace (brand of

Japa-

nese cigarettes)
<-Iens

Now,; 'W"ell,
sawag..
to make noise, be rowdy
Cf. sawagashi.i noisy
sawar. to touch
serufu-taima <-self-timer (on a cam-

/
shattd

sounds good.
So shimash6. (Cph) Let's.;
That's a good idea.
56, sd. (Cph) Oh, yes!
Sumimasen. (Cph) Sorry.; Excuse

suw.

how to... --+U-18 FS

kcki

so.;

56 desu ka? (Cph) Is that

Irijo-guchi emergency exit

hitotsu
ijime.

desu. (Cph) Il's

That's right.

era)

<-shutter (on a camera;

to inhale
tabako o suw' to smoke
suwanai do not smoke
suwar. to sit down
tabemasho let's eat <-tabe' --+KS
takushi-noriba cabstand
tsukai-kata how to use, usage
<-tsukaw. +U-18 FS
tsukaw. to use
waraw. io laugh; smile
yukkuri slowly, wilhout haste

V Ptsu

Unit 12
L Give me
.'\,

TAPE

O Key' Structures

1.\

o kudasai.
2:' Kore o mite kudasai.
3. Koko de tabako o suwanai de kudasai.

4,
5.

Kore

lssho-ni ikimashO.
lssho-ni hiru-gohan

V.te

kudasii.
kudasai.

do... (for me/us).'

among

frgnds. e.g. "Chotto matte!" (Wait a moment!) +FS

.

Unit.13 FS explains how to make these V.nai forms.

As with V.te, V.nai de can also be used alone to indicate a negative request in friendly conversation. e.g. "lkanai de!" (Don't leave
me.)

5.

Shall we have lunch together?

Shall

well do... ?

I KOhi to k6ki o kudasai.

Yukkuri hanashite kudasai.

o misete kudasai.
lsl Shashin o toranai de kudasai.
Koko de sawaganai de kudasai.
Nippon no mina-san, inu o ijimenai de
Sono rajio

kudasai.

lssho-ni utaimasho.

lil Odorimashd ka?

-Odorimash6.
Kono eiga o mimasho ka?

-Hai,

o agemash6 ka?

kudasai.

{uaoo o akemasho ka?

-Hai, akete

E Give me coffee and cake.

One pack of'Peace,' please.
E \Vait a moment, please.
Please speak in English.
Will you speak slowly?
Show me that radio.
p Don't take pictures.
Don't be noisy here.
People

of Japan, please

don't be cruel to

dogs.

@ Let's go.
Let's sing together.

Shall we

dance?

let's (dance).
-Yes,
Shall we watch this

l+, 56, ikimasho.

Kono shashin

The V.mashO form is made by changing -masu to

-mash6.

V.mashd ka?

Let's go together.

-Hai, mimash6/s6 shimashO.

E tl;r'6-l
E

4.

lzj Chotto matte kudasai.

Ei-go de hanashite kudasai.

Please do.. . .

Please don't...

Please do not smoke here.

II

Please give me N.

,V.nai de kudasai.

,1.

'Pisu' o hitotsu kudasai.

v'te by itself can be used for making requests in conversation

E

please.

*More Examples For Practice

o tabemashO ka?

As seen in Unit 9 @, V.te functions like the English ,-ing' form.

V.te kudasai literally means, 'Please give me (your) -ing,' which
can easily mean, 'Please

79

this, please. (I'Il take this.)

Look at this,

(it:6

KS

kudasai.

-Yes,

Shall

-Yes,

Shall

-Yes,

movie?

let's.

give you this photo?

please (give

it

to me).

open the window?

please (open it).

80 Unit 12 FS

Unit 72

O Further Study

OGonversation

(Buying

OSHIETE KUDASAI.

-l.i

Final Vowels

kamera-ya-san

oshiete
-Do

ku'dasai.

+ te

II. V" (Consonant-ending

Final

'.

tabe.-+ tabete

-i-ete|

-ite

oki

--+ okite

Consonants

In that

Ja, issho-ni ikimash0.

-c

isog.

-5

hanas.-+ hanashite

-Chotto

-b
-m
-n

tob. --+ tonde

lofli. --+ yonde

Sumimasen. Renzu ni sawaranai

--+ 31'ui1g
--+ isoide

-Kono kamera o misete kudasai.

ka?

Kore desu

kaer. -+ kaette
mat. -+ matte
kaw. --+ 1a311s

kite

Tsukai-kata

-Sumimasen.

ik. (to go)

forms, which can be used to

"V.te!"

(to come) @ kaer. (to go,/come back) @ hair. (to

go/come in) @ oki . (to get up) @ waraw. (to smile/laugh) @ suwar. (to
sit down) @mat. (to wait) @ake. (to open) @suru. (to do)
@ kuru.

heavy, isn't it?

Excuse me, but please don't

-Sorry. you?
this, will

o oshiete

take this camera.

-I'll

much?

65,000 yen. Shall

it for you?

Kore wa shatt6 desu.

Serufu-taimb wa kore desu.

-Yes,

kamera

use

This is the shutter.

in

Fuirumu

Please.

-A little

How

kudasai.

lkura desu
Y.te

This one?

The self-timer is here.

kudasai.

ka?

Roku-man-go-sen-en desu.

let's go together.

touch the lens.

Tell me how to

ne.

de kudasai.

-Kono
e

DOzo.

omo.i desu

shin. -+ shinde

OChange the following useful verbs into their

case,

I help you?
you show me this
-Will
camera?

aruk.

express simple and friendly requests:

camera?

-k

shite

you know a good camera

Are you going to buy

ka?

lrasshaimase.

e.g.

NB: ik. (to go) + itte (not iite)

V" (Irregular Verbs)

+
suru +

Camera)

Can

-r
-t

kuru

o kaimasu

Verbs)

--,.-----.'-_---

III.

Kamera

shop?

-e
-i

81

S''

IIow to Make V.te Forms

I. V" (Vowel-ending Verbs)

iremashO ka?

irete
-Hai,
/

kudasai.

VA

please.

camera

I put fllm

82 Unit

Unit 12 NW

72 LL

OLook & Learn

New Words For UNIT

Attention!
I

s X{ n

A n
rilTK lnet

lriguchi
( Entrance )

Hijo-guchi

( Emergency

Deguchi

Exit)

Exit)

rrFqi

*"*..lM

'

![ tl: 1-

]:J*F!{

i:*

Shibafu ni hairanai de kudasai.

( Keep

F,

Yes,;

;1anbar.

Lo do one's best, persevere

to work, labor

seinen

youth, young man

shitsuren

(Nv)

unrequited love,
heartbreak

shdjo

girl

sh0nen

boy

taishoku

(Nv) retiring from

rirtarak.

( Caution )

can gofbe all righf

ikemasen is not all righf;
is not good -+KS

not buying <-kaw. +KS

(Nv)

tor.

marriage

toshi

tll

toshi-yori

koi

(between man

Cf. ai love (in general)

O-te-arai

( Tickets )

( Toilet)

koibito lover
misenakute nol, showing emise.
-+KS
mo
now, already
mochiron
nar.

Answers to the queslions on page 80

@ Kaette! @ Haittel @ Okite! @ Waratte!

Matte!
@ Akete! @ Shitel
@ Suwattel 6)

Kitel

(Nv) love
and woman)

Kippu

divorce

old person

(Nv) remarriage
(Nv) growing, growth

work,

leaving a company
to Lake; bring fSomething]
shashin o tor. to take a
piclure
toshi o tor. to get old
(person's) age; year
Anata (no toshi) wa ikutsu

are you?

Ylbln-kyoku

f,E ilry
&_*truut

(Nv)

: Anata wa
desu ka?
How old
ka?
desu
nan-sai

( Telephone )

( Cabstand )

--+KS

Denwa

Takushl-noriba

ltte!

if . . .do not

go

( Danger )

( Post Office)

.O

Sure,

ffi
Y$Y

( No' Smoking)

middle age

Cf. kodomo child

Kiken

off the grass)

n'en

t:lrilne4

rikon
r6jin
saikon
seich0

kekkon

i*r

m
Ki

to give up, despair

kawanakufe

;Lf-

tiliwk

baby

,rkirame.

rke.

f.
I

'*.1\6'BLrx,Y*tr

,rka-chan

<-ik.

{t

grown-up person

Hey!, You!, Oh!

ikanakereba
:l

A,

otona

83

nav-am.
'f

of

course

fruil Cf. p. i67

narimasen is not fruitful; is not good -+KS
to bear

to worry; suffer

nug.
to take off, undress
Oki-ku nar. to grow 'tp/larger

(Vi)

umare.
wakamono
yangu

aged person
Lo be born

youfh, young people

<-young, youth

Unit 13

l.
rAPE (it-G)
;{

OKey Structures

V.te wa

'2, You shouldn't smoke here.

mayfbe aliowed to

desu

ikemasen

4. You must buy a ticket.

5. I have to go to the office by nine.

*More Examples For

Itl

V.nakute mo

i.i

desu

Practice

Anata wa m0 kaette mo

i.i

desu.

Kokd de tabako o sutte mo i. i desu ka?

-Hai, i.i

must not/should not

lZ

You can go there.

1. Soko e itte mo i.i desu.

;. Koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen.
3. PasupOto o misenakute mo i.i desu.
4. Kippu o kawanakute wa ikemasen.
5. Ku-ji made ni ofisu e ikanakereba narimasen.
mo i.i
V.te
tr

need not

V.nakute wa ikemasen

should/must

V. nakereba ikemasen/narimasen

ought to/have to

desu.

ni haitte wa ikemasen.
Kodomo wa kono hon o yonde wa ike.
Koko

As you remember, V'te functions just like the English '-ing.' If

ybu don't remember, tUnit 9 E & lJniL 12 E. fn Construction E,
i.i desu means 'is good,' so, for example, ltte (ik' 'to go') mo i'i desu
literally means, 'Going is also good,' which easily translates as permission to go.
In Construction E, ikemasen means 'is not good,' and so ltte wa
ikemasen literally means, 'Going is not good,' or 'You mustn't go.'
Note, however, that even though ikemasen may logically seem to be
the Negative of ikemasu, this ikemasu is never used in place of i'i

. desu in

Construction

E & [gl.

The V.nakute, V.nakereba forms are derived from V'nai. +FS

Nippon-go de hanasanakereba narima'

Nippon-go de hanashite kudasai.

You don't have

to

come

have to take off my

shoes?

You must hurry.

Do

I' have to take off my

-lie,

Nippon-go

de hanasanakute

desu.

Ei-go de hanashite mo

i'i

Yukkuri hanashite kudasai.

desu.

Must

-Yes,

speak in Japanese?

please speak in Japa-

nese.

You shouldn't speak in

English.

-No,

you need not speak in

Japanese.

Ei-go de hanashite wa ikemasen.

book.

ka?

-Hai,

here.

Children mustn't read this

shoes?

Kutsu o nuganakute wa ikemasen ka?

i.i

smoke here?

-Yes,
E ,You shouldn't come in

Don't
ka?

sen.

sen

tomorrow.

Anata wa isoide ikanakute wa ikema.

You may go (back) now.

May

l,il Ashita konakute mo i.i desu.

Kutsu o nuganakute mo i.i desu

l!

you may.

masen.

85

i
;1. You don't need to show yo,r" pudrpo"t.

KS

mo

You may speak in English.

Speak slowly, please.

86 Unit

13 FS

Unit 13

O Further Study

OConversation

;, i

Hotr to Make V.nai Forms

I. V" (Vowel-ending Verbs)

MOSH | -MOSH

e.g.

v"+
II.

tabe.-' tabenai

oki' +

okinai

V" (Consonant-ending Verbs)

e.g. kak.
i -l*.].

v"

kuru
suru

-+
---)

kakanai

vom.--+ yomanai

:.!ri,'":,"

..mi*:
+i.s,i
;;'&Hrs: ij'-.'

III. V" (Irregular

NB: (1)

-'

ka?

E, sO desu.

-lriguchi wa doko desu

ka?

you would do with an ordinary A.i.

i.i

That's one of them.

desu

ka?

1.{.*

-May I

desu.

the proper answers to the

questions.

@ ltte mo i.i desu ka?

@ ltte wa ikemasen ka?
@ lkanakute mo i.i desu ka?
@ lkanakute wa ikemasen ka?
@ lkanakute wa narimasen ka?

'

@ lie, itte mo i.i desu.

@ lie, itte wa ikemasen.
@ lie, ikanakute mo i.i desu.
@ lie, ikanakute wa ikemasen.
@ lie, ikanakereba narimasen.
Answers: . O-@; @-@; @-@,@; @-@; @-@

Hey,

o totte mo i.i desu ka?

you!

You're not al-

lowed to smoke here.

-Sorry.

Moshi-moshi, koko de tabako

o sutte

-Should I take off my hat?

No, you don't need to.
Hey, keep ofr the grass.

wa ikemasen.
-Sumimasen.
**{<

nuganakute wa ikemasen
{

lie, nuganakute mo

VKOkyo

i.i desu.

t<*x<

A, moshi-moshi, shibafu ni haitte

ikemasen.

take pictures?

You may.

l.i desu.

-BOshi

go in?

Of course, you may.

ka?
Choose

is the entrance?

-May I

-Shashin

Negative;

is.

-W"here

**

'')unit 10 FS & unit 14 FS) are derived from

v.nai by changing
''-i of V.nai into -kute, -kereba, and -katta respectively, just as

it

Are mo s0 desu.

konai

(V" past

Yes,

Takusan arimasu.

Verbs)

(2) V.nakute, V.nakereba, and V.nakatta

this the Imperial Pal-

There are many entrances.

Mochirbn

na. i.

-Is

ace?

kaw. --+ kawanai

V.nai form of ar. (to exist),

is never used (cf. arimasu; arimasen). The proper negation is sim-

ply

(Visiting The Imperial Palace)

-Koko wa K6kyo desu

-Haitte mo i.i

Aranai, which can be deduced as the

87

tSJ

l,--

shin'--+ shinanai

shinai

wa

88 Unit 13 LL

Unit 13

OLook & Learn

Thide Ib,

New Words For UNIT

i

Life.

ato-kara

shin- (to die)

by6ki

70
1

tor. (to get old)

taishokg,-suru (to retire)
toshi o

,oiinttothi-yori

tu

person\

__+KS

da

2r

60

+KS & U-23

FS

<-Dali, Salvador (Spanish

painter, 1904denwa ga ar. to get a telephone call

akirame. (to give up)

,4

deshd

2
'./

Dewa,
fuk.
fur.

50
\'i
\

ganbar. (to do one's best)

otona

"ntn",
<middle-ased

person)

\CtOwn-up2/4

40

hare
hare.

hatarak. (to work)

will/may be, probably

.?KS

(to remarry)
rikon-sr#u (to get divorced)
kekkonl'Suru (to marry)

flne/clear weather
to clear up (weather)

hazu

30

seinen/wak amono /
yangu (youth)

lr

I
20

lya,
...kamo

shitsuren-suru
(to be heartbroken)

koi o suru (to

fall in love)

I
10

fshoio

6kiku nar. /seichd-suru

(to grow)

umare. (to be born)

,non"n

,''rt

kare

aka-chan (baby)

apparently, obviously

sa?...
shire.

W'ell,; Let me see....

can be sure (This can not
be used in the Afrrmative)
cannot know for sure
Cf. shirimasen I don't know

...kamo shiremasen may...so

suzushi.

typhoon

weather forecast
tenki weather
yoh6 (Nv) forecast
tenrankai exhibition

tochii

(N) midway
tochU de on the way, en
route

(male/
voji

it

blows, to

Cf. kumori cloudy weather

more/another...

be..., can possibly... -+KS

it's said... -+KS
cool (only of weather)

tenki-yohd

...y6

rum&.

rKS

shiremasen cannot be sure,

he

kaze ga fuk.
blow (Vi)
to get cloudy

remember

...rashi.i

can possibly... -+KS

wind

isha

LL
omoidas. to recollect,

tokidoki
tsuyu

No,

general)

m6...

his,/your/etc. wife

busy

kaze

kodomo (child)

expectation, natural

Cf. kare-ra they

<sn>

oku-san

taif[

course of things +KS

Hokkaidd (Northern island of Japan)
-+U-17 LL
ichiji
for a short time; once
Cf. ichi-ji one o'clock
isogashi.

nayam. (to be distressed)

(N)

...later --+U-29 FS

(N)

sometimes cloudy.

longer
mO ichi-nen another year

o-isha-san

Now,; Then,
to blow
to fall (rain, snow, etc.)
ame ga fur. to rain
yuki ga fur. to snow

haretari, kumottari Sometimes clear,

saikon-suru

''

a ]jttle more/

--+U-7

daiyamondo <-diamond

Dari

;'

.:..n6chi

*:

mO sukoshi

illness, disease

chigaina.i not different

. ...ni chigaina.i surely...

89

,t

afterwards, later

(N)

l-

\a

NW

yuki

sometimes

rainy season (June)

(N(a)) appearance of ...,
manner of... +($
errand, business, engage-

ment (:yO)

(N)

snow

yuki ga
snow

fur. it

snows, to

Unit 14

1. That

'..O
il
I

*'

Key'Structures

1.i Ano hito wa o-isha-san

TAPE 6;CN

4:'

Kore wa daiyamondo ni chigaina.i desu.

5.
6.
7.

Yoshida-san wa mO kaetta yO desu.

Ano hito-tachi wa kekkon-suru rashi.i desu.

Osakh no chika-tetsu wa benri da sO desu.

N/N(a)/A.i/V.

N nolNa/A.i/Vn hazu desu

N/N(a)/A.i/Y' ni chigaina.i

V"

indicates the Plain forms

(naturally expected)

E,

and highest

with E.

(seemingly)

mainly upon observation.

kuru ni chigaina.idesu.
@ Ano hito wa kangofu no y6 desu.
Keiko-san wa konai yd desu.
Kaoru-san wa

Kotoshi Hokkaid6 wa atataka.i rashi.i

desu.
Sumisu-san wa Amerika

N/N(a)/A.i/V' rashi.i desu

N dalN(a) da/A.i/V" sd desu

(apparently)

(it

is said)

This is used for statements based upon information from others.

E It

may be cold tomorrow.

This dog may die.

@ Kaoru will come,

e kaeru rashi.i

desu.

@ Ano hito wa ongaku-ka da s0 desu.

Sumisu-san wa Amerika e kaeru sd desu.

Hokkaid6 no fuyu wa samu.i sd desu.

sup-

pose.

Keiko will probably not come.

@ He must be a doctor.

There is supposed to be a
Dali exhibition (held) next
week.

She is

certainly

steward-

ess.

Kaoru'is sure to

desu.

of Verbs. *FS

based

lE Ano hito wa o-isha-san no hazu desu.

Dari no tenrankai wa rai-shU aru hazu
desu./rai-shU no hazu desu.
@ Ano hito wa suchuwddesu ni chigaina.i

(surely)

desu

N nolNa/A.i/V" yd desu
This is used for guesses

[E Kaoru-san wa kuru desh6.

Keiko-san wa konai desh6.

(probably)

deshd

Asu wa samu.i kamo shiremasen.

Kono inu wa shinu kamo shiremasen.

(maybe)

The degree of certainty is lowest with

lI

1,

N/N(a)/A.i/Vn kamo shiremasen

*
!

frMore Examples For Practice

probably rain tomorrow,

5. It'seems Mr. Yoshida has already girne ho*e.

6. It looks as though they are going to get married.
7. I hear the Osaka subways are convenient.

2.'' Ashita mo ame desh6.

Yoshida-san wa kuru hazu desu.

too. ;
ll. Mr. Yoshida is expected to come.
'
4. This.must be a diamond. i
2.

It will

a doctor.

91

,,,

kamo shiremasen.

3.

person may be

KS

come.

E She seems to be a nurse.

It seems Keiko won't come.
@ It looks like Hokkaido is
having a warm winter.

It looks as though Mr. Smith

is going to go back to the
States.
He is said tobe amusician.

f,
It is said Smith'll
to the USA.
I hear winter
is very cold.

return
Hokkaido

92 Unit

Unit 14

14 FS

O Further Study

OGonversation

93

*;
(People Meet)
I

'it

V"

How tor:Make

\,

Forms

+Unit

23 FS

Affirmative

Fresent

V.u

Past

V.ta +Unit

MACHIMASHO

*,

Emirt-san

Negative

V.nai .)Unit

+below

V.nakatta

17 FS

ne.... By6ki rashi.i

13 FS

*Unit

-A,
10 FS

& Unit

13 FS

v'iffi.m

e.g.

tabe.

taberu

oki.

okiru

e.g.

v".ffi
Sound Law

t*u--+

(z)

not.

wa?

He
ga. . .

-->

isogu

lsogashi.i rashi.i desu.

tsu

kaer. --t kaeru

mat.

--) matsu

kaw.

--) kau

Verbs)

suru

Ya, Biru-san! Oku-san wa?

o demashita ga,

tochU

de yOji o omoidashimashita.
Yoshida-san wa kimasu ka?

-Yoshida:s?n

desu.

V.u forms are often called 'dictionary forms,' since Verbs are
usually listed in their V.u forms in most Japanese dictionaries.

do.

got

a eall from him last night.

Then let's wait for a while.

kimasu.

lssho-ni ie

left

home together, but

remembered something she had
W'e

halfway here she

Will Yoshida come?

-He's sure to come. I

wd kuru ni chigaina.i

YUbe kare kara denwa ga

arimashita.

Deya, m0 sukoshi machimashO.

These

Bill! W'here'syourwife?
-She'll be along later.

to

-Ato-kara

to be busy.

Hi,
ka?

isog.

--) shinu

seems

-SatO-san
lya, Sat6-san wa konai y0 desu.

shin.

about Yoehida?

Sato coming, too?

-Is
Apparently

kaku

-What

Well..., he's expected, but....

--+

kuru ----+ kuru

NB:

issho-

kak.

asob. -> asobu

yom' ---> yomu

, -5"11_:, *l

------>

to

hanas. -> hanasu

suru

Probably. He is supposed to
come with his wife.

Biru-san wa kimasu ka?

-Yoshida-san
Sa?. . ., kuru s0 desu

Emily may not come.

I hear she's ill.

-Oh, she is?

Is Bill coming?

s0 desu ka?

mo kimasu

(Sonsonant-ending Verbs)

III. V" (Irregular

desu.

ni kuru hazu desu.

Vv (Vowel-ending Verbs)

II. {c

shiremasen

Tabun kuru desho. Oku-san

How to Make V.u Forms

wa konai kamo

VWaiting for friends

9t*

UniL 14 LL

Unit 14

Olook & Learn

New Words For UNIJ

Wehther Foreeast

t,.

thick, bulky
Cf. atsu.i hot

lf;;
young man

shallow

NW

...yon

than/from... +KS

zutto ii

much (more) --+KS

...de(wa) 'KS

which one? --+FS & U-4 FS

deep

futo.i

"w
t-

'tt,

hare (N)

hare.*(Y)

tll

kumori (N)

ame (N)

kumor. (V)

ame ga

#kw
kaze

(N)

kaze ga

fuk. (V)

fur. (V)

yuki (N)
yuki ga fur. (V)

Hare, nochi kumori.

D/
suzushi.

of

hiku.
h0
hoso.
jin

<-gin
calculator
keisan (Nv) calculation

k6-cha

black tea

konna

Cf. o-cha green tea; tea

this kind of --+FS

mijika.i
mikan
sema.

samu.

tsuyu (rainy season-June)

short
orange, tangerine

narrow, small, not spacious

spacious
Japanese abacus +U-19 LL

(bie) city
Cf. shuto capital city;
dai-tokai big city; machi

tokai

0 Some Popular Japanese

Names

town; inaka counlryside;

nO-son agricultural village; gyo-son fishing

Family
SatO '{

village

Suzuki

strong

etc.

Takahashi
It6
Watanabe
Sait6

Masao

Masako

uofka

(<-Russian aodka)

Tanaka

Takashi

usu.

thin, faint

Kobayashi

Hideo

young

Sasaki

Cf. wakamono youth,

Yamamoto

Kiyoshi
Minoru

Toshiko
Michiko
Sachiko

tsuyo.

uchi

inside

(:P1a);

house;

my house/company/school

(Alternately clear and cloudy.)

(typhoon)

o#p

Cf. hiro.i wide,

soroban

(Cloudy, with occasional rain.)

taif[

+LL

most -+KS

keisan-ki

Kumori, tokidoki ame.

Haretari, kumottari.

'/t/

(N) direcfion +KS

thin, slender, narrow

(Fine, later cloudy.)

Kumori, ichiji yuki.

(CloriOy, with brief snows.)

Japanese cigarettes)

low

ichiban

Tenki-yoho (Weather Forecast)

/.

thick, big --+LL

Gdruden-batto -Golden Bat (brand

waka.

(Courtesy

of

ll Uur" I Femate
Hiroshi
Toshio
Yoshio
Kazuo
Akira

Nippon Univac Kaisha,

Yoshiko
Keiko
Kazuko

Hiroko
Y0ko

Fumiko
Ltd)

e5

Unit 15 KS

97

W'hich is bigger, an apple or an orange?

TAPE

-An

6;rA

Ringo

to mikan dewa, dochira no hO ga Oki'i desu

is

bigger.

An apple is bigger than an orange.

lVhat fruit tastes best?

t)

O Key Structures

t1.

apple

ka?

, -Ringo no hO ga Oki'i desu.

2. Ringo wa mikan Yori 6ki'i desu.
,3.

Kudamono no naka dewa, nani ga ichiban oishi'i desu ka?

*More Examples For

ll

Kore

Practice

to are dewa, dochira (no hO) ga

yasu.i desu ka?

-Kore no hO ga yasu.i desu.

Keisan-ki to soroban dewa, dochira (no

N, to N, dewa, dochira (no hd) ga N(a)/A.i desu ka?

Which is more Na/A, N' or N,?

hd) ea benri desu ka?

(no hO ga benri) desu.
-Keisan-ki
lZ Kono nekutai wa ano nekutai yori

(N, yori) N, tro h6 ga N(a)/A'i desu.

N, is more Na/A (than N').

Japanese has no distinctive comparative

N, wd N, yori N(a)/A'i desu.

zutto taka.i desu.

or superlative forms.

yori benri desu.:

Basu yori chika-tetsu no hO ga benri
Chika-tetsu wa basu

N, is more Na/A than

Nz.

,E;

,, The Postposition yori functions like the English 'than.' When you
want to emphasize the comparison, put zutto before the Na/A/Adv.

N, to N, to
--

NJ
"f

(nakal

- fno l------[)
(uchi
[Group/Place] J

de(wa), N ga ichib"n

[N(a)

to..

desu.:Chika-tetsu no hd ga basu yori

benri desu.

Sat6-san

Na/A, among N', N,, and N,/of [Group]/in [Place]'

when you want to express the superlative, put ichiban before Na/A/
Adv. The Postpositional phrase. . .(no naka/uchi) de(wa) functions just
Iike the Enslish 'amongfoffin.' The Interrogatives are nani (what),
dore (which one), dare (who), or doko (where).

Suzuki-san

to

lt6-san (no

desu ka?

(ga ichiban waka.i) desu.

-ltO-san
Nippon no kamera (no naka) de, dore

most

W'hich is cheaper, this one

-This

one?

one is cheaper.

Which is more convenient,

an electric calculator or a
soroban?

electric calculator is.

-An
p This necktie is much

more expensive than that

necktie.
Subways are more convenient

than

buses.

Among Sato, Suzuki, and

Ito, who is the youngest?

-Ito

is.

What is the best Japanese

camera?

naka) dewa, dare ga ichiban waka.i

desu'

N is the

to

or that

ga ichiban i.i desu ka?

Amerika no tokai (no naka) de, doko

ga ichiban 6ki.i desu

ka?

What is the biggest city in

the USA?

98 Unit

Unit 15 C

15 FS

O Further Study

ko-,{ sg-;

OGonversation

a-; do-

This

-)Unit 1 E, Unit 2 B, & Unit 3 E

one

This N

This

This

Like

place

direction

this

Near the speaker

koehita

Thus

-K6hr.
trli0.

Near the listener

l.:SO,',:,'l;:;

*"
a

Away from both

Interrogative

,ri ::r':li. I

iii

:,,#:

,.:'',1

;]

Japanese',\has

thrie

Demonstratives

ko-, so-,

and

a-

and one Inter-

do-, which are declined as shown in the above table.

As you have learned, ko- is used to indicate something near the
speaker, so- near the listenerr &rrd ?- away from both. Yet this disrogative

tance is not only spatial but also psychological and temporal distance.

So

when you are talking about a person/thin g/topic which you have mentioned yourself, you can use

ko-

as the Demonstrative

'it,' a$.d when it is a person/thing/topic the listener

can use

so-.

By the

same token, when

iir

it

like

the English

LhaL

you feel is somewhat "distant," you can use a-.

Dorg means 'which one,' not 'what.'

are occasionally used to mean 'Lhis/that

one as contrasted. with the other.' Thqge can be used to indicate persons.
Dochira can be used in place of dore, doko, dare.
Konna, sonniiana anna mean 'such...as this/Lhafand, vrhen followed
by -ni, can be used as Adverbial to express Degree.
' K6, s6, and d are Adverbs which mean 'in this/that manner.' DO is
used. for asking 'how.'
Kochira, sochira, and achira

.. Dochira!

(Ar

t'

ga i.i
-Wain no h0
***

The parry)

lcoffee? Tea? Which?

-Coffee.

***

Wain to uisukl dewa, dochira no h0

ga i.i desu ka?

r<**

Which do you prefer, wine

or whiskey?

-I

prefer wine.
*.

,<

,<

Gin is stronger than whiskey.

desu.

Which is strongest, grn,

whiskey, or vodka?

Jin wa uisukT yori tsuyo.i desu.

-W-ell,

let's see....

ft

seems

vodka is strongest.

*{<*

-What is the

Jin to uisukT to uokka no naka d,

dore ga ichiban tsuyo.i desu ka?
-Sa?... Uokka ga ichiban tsuyo.i
y0 desu.

has mentioned, you

is a person/thing/topic

pJ

FOHI, KO-OHA. . . . DocHlRA

KOhT? K6cha?.

99

'Golden Bat' is.

Which is better tasting,

American whiskey or British
whiskey?.:??

:F**

-Nippon no tabako no naka de,

ga ichiban yasu.i desu

nani

ka?

GOruden-batto desu.

***
Amerika no uisukl

VJapanese tobacco

to lgirisu

no

uisukr dewa, dochira no h0 ga oishi.

desir ka???

cheapest

Japanese tobacco?

100 Unit 15 LL

Unit 15

Olook & Learn

ak.

to open (Vi)
Cf. ake. to open (Vt)

ane

atsume.

older sister -->U-7 LL

older brother --+U-7 LL
to collect, gather (Vt)

bessd

villa

anr

nerhur. to sleep
...niwa ...ni*wa --+U-19 KS &
',t FS
nyUin (Nv) being hospitalized
I

ob5-san

oji

how? -+U-4 FS & U-i5 FS

DO shite imasu ka? (Cph)
How is fPerson]f
go(Honoriflc for Noun)
go-kekkon (your) marriage
hisashiburi (N) after a long time
Hisashiburi desu ne. (Cph)
d0

futo.i

chiisa.i

hoso.i

haven't seen you for

long time.

hitori-de

omo.i

hon-sha
karu.i

tt

Kamakura
kangae.

kitte

i
i

kusuri

hiku.i

ry6
ryok6
sagas.
shaber.

LL

uncle +U-7 LL

dormitory

(Nv) travel, trip

to search
to talk, chat; tell on
to flnish; put away
V.te shimaw. to flnish
doing...

--+119

newspaper
shinbun-sha newspaper ofrce
(Nv/N(a)) worry, anxiety
shinpai
shir.
to know, become aware of
shinbun

shizum.

to sink

-sh6ji

...Commercial Firm

sh6sha

trading company

to think, consider

-shti-kan

(N/Adv)...weeks

postage stamp
medicine

sof6
sum.

<-sofa

o nom. to take

to dwell, inhabit
i. to live,
,-+KS & FS
sunde

medicine

reside

Kyashi

<-Cathy

sutdbu

mada

yet, still

...mae

(N/Adv) lPeriod of timel

agolbefore -+U-29 FS

Tokoro-de, By the way,

T6zai-sh6ji Tozai Trading Company
tsukare. to get tired

(N/Adv)

tsutome. to

minna

everybody,

mdt.

nak.

to hold, grasp, have

motte i. to have, possess
-+KS & FS
to weep, cry; chirp; whine

<-sfove

serve, get employed,

work at

everything

i:.

usu.l

grandmother -->U-7

Okage-sama-de, (Cph) Thanks to

you, (This phrase is often
used as mere politeness.)
younger brother--+U-7 LL
ot6to-san

shimaw.

alone, by oneself
hitori one person+U-6 FS
head/main office
Cf. shi-sha branch office
to exist, be, stay
V.te i. be doing... -+KS
...9a i. There be... (Animate) -+U-3
(place name) --+U-I7 LL

kusuri

yasu.r

lr

101

New Words For UNIT, lC;

Ai*jectives Compared

0ki.i

NW

ur.
yob.

to sell
to call, invite

Unit, 16

1.

'.& '.

O Key

1.
2.
3.

TAPE

Structures

6:rA

z,

Biru wa soto de asonde imasu.

ni sunde imasu.
Anata wa Nippon-go no hon o motte imasu
4. "'Anata wa Yoshida-san o shitte imasu ka?
5. Watashi wa. tegami o kaite shimaimashita.

Do you have a Japanese book?

4.

Do you know Mr. Yoshida?

5.

have nnisnea

writing a letter.

\Uatashi wa T0ky0

be

ka?

-ing

You would never say, "I am having a car,' in English, but you
would say, "I have a car." Why? Because 'have' in this case expresses
a situation/stpte rather than an action. In this way, English verbs can
be classifled as either O state verbs or @ action verbs.
JaBpnese Verbs are typically action verbsi in other words, verbs
which,express either action or change of state. Therefore, if you want
to express a state or continuous action, you must turn to the V'te i'
form which is equivalent to the English'be -ing' form. For example,
mot. meahs no more than 'to come to hold/possess,' and so, when you
want to say'to havefown,'you have to use motte i". By the same
token, habit may be defined as repeQtion of the same action, so that
hataraite i. (not hatarak.) is used to mean'to work (in a company)/
have a job.' The result of some action is also regarded as a state and
expressed with the V.te i' form. i.e.'to know'is shitte i'not shir'
which means no more than 'to know' in the sense of 'to learn.'

*More Examples For Practice

Itr Chichi wa shinbun o yonde imasu.
Haha wa tegami o kaite imasu.
lm6to wa terebi o mite imasu.
Ani wa rek6do o kiite imasu.
lma watashi wa Nippon-go o benkYdshite imasu.
Chichi wa shinbun-sha de hataraite
irnasu.

V.te shimaw.

complete/finish

-ing

reading the

newspaper.

is writing a letter.
My younger sister is watching TV.
My older brother is listening
to a record.
I'm studying Japanese now.
Mother

Father works for a newspaper

company.

Watashi-tachi wa Kamakura ni bessd o

'We have a villa in Kamakura.

O Mv (older) sister goes to

motte imasu.

college. @ My sister has gone

itte imasu.
lnu wa sut6bu no mae ni suwatte

is sitting in front
of th'e stove.
Our cat is lying on the sofa.
Grandma is in the hospital.
@ I'll finish reading this
book by Sunday.
Have you finished reading

Oji wa Yokohama ni sunde imasu'

Ane wa daigaku ni
imasu.
Neko wa sofE

ni nete imasu.

Ob5-san wa ny0in-shite imasu.

f Father is

My uncle hves in Yokohama.

VlAtashi wa Nichi-y6(bi) made

ni

kono

hon o yonde shimaimasu.

108

Bill is playing outdoors.

I live in Tokyo.

,l
':&

KS

Anata wa md yonde shimaimashita ka?

to

college.

Our dog

*l:'.

/04 Unit

16 FS

UniL 16

O Further Study
"l

O.GENKI DESU KA?

-\s explained in unit 16 E, v.te i. has three meanings; @action/event

in progress, @habit, and @result or sLatefcondition resulting from a

-Yoshida,san, hisashiburi desu nel ,

Oku-san mo kodomo-san ffio, mina-

in

Progress

imasu. (I'm looking for Mr. ota.)

Watashi wa Ota-san o sagashimasu. (I'll look for Mr. Ota.)
Jon-sah wa anata o yonde imashita. (John was calling you.)
lma'watashi'wa terebi o mite imasu. (I'm watching TV.)
Keiko-san wa Hokkaidd o ryokO-shite imasu.
(Keiko is traveling in Hokkaido.)

"watashi wa ota-san o sagashite

Cf.

II.

san, o-genki desu

Kyonen daigaku

o atsumete imasu. (I coliect stamps.)

Watashi wa kitte o atsumemasu. (I'll collect stamps.)
Mai-nichi terebi de Furansu-go o benkyO-shite imasu.

Cf.

Tn

(I

study French on television every day.)

.Jon-san wa kono kusuri o nonde imasu. (John takes this medicine.)

Kono mise wa kamera o utte imasu. (This shop sells cameras.)

demashita.

-Which

-Doko no shOsha desu ka?

TOzai-shOji no TOkyO hon-sha desu.

office.

Mada

Result

Cf.

Chichi wa kaette imasu. (Father has come home.)

Chichi wa roku-ji ni kaerimasu. *(Father will come home at six.)
Ginkd wa mada aite imasu. (The bank is stitl open.)

imasu. (The ship has sunk here.)

Watashi wa Jon-san o shitte imasu. (I know John.)
NB: The Negative of shitte imasu is not shitte imasen but shiriSono fune wa koko ni shizunde

masen.

and

-How is your brother?

He graduated from college
last year. He is working
for a trading company now.

ka?

lma shOsha ni tsutomete imasu.

-Go-kekkon

you

They are fine, thank you.

-Is

in the

Tokyo

he married?

Not yet. He is living alone

in the company's dorm,

wa?

desu. Hitori-de kaisha no

one?

Tozai Trading,

By the way, Mr.

ryO

Smith,

when did you come hereJ

ni sunde imasu.

ago.
-Two weeks
Then you've already

Tokoro-de Sumisu-san, itsu kochira

your sister, haven't you?

mein Cathy? No, not

-You

yet.

kimashita?

mae desu.
-Ni-shU-kan
J5, m0 im6to-san niwa aimashita

-Kyashi

desu

ne?

imasen. lma Hokkaid6 o ryokO-shite

Asatte T0ky0 ni kaeru y0 desu.

I

SO desu ka?...

a trip

to

She's supposed to come back

ka? lya, mada atte

imasu.

She's on

met

Hokkaido.

."b

III.

-Yoshida. Haven't seen

for a long time.
How are your wife
children?

0kage-sama-de, minna genki desu.

Habit
Watashi wa kitte

ka?

-Ot6to-san wa d0 shite imasu

(I{ow Is Everybody?)

V.td imasu vs. Y.[toSU

I. Action/Event
I'i:

105

,il"

OConversation
'-

previous actionfevenL. Compare the following examples.

to Tokyo the day after

tor.rnorrow.

Oh, really?
YThe Diet Building

Unit 16 NW

106 Unit 16 LL

OLook & Learn

107

New Words For UNIT 17 I*"

:l

Kono

"hito wa nani o shite imasu

Va?

(Whbt is this person doing?)

ar.

to exist, be, stay...

V.ta-koto ga ar' +KS
foof; leg

ashi
beru

(traditionalJapanesepuppet theater form)

Ch[shingura (title of the famous

story of the revenge of

waratte imasu
naite imasu

'

(Buddhist) priest, monk

(tNeg.)

...times (=-kai)

...shika

'Ddjo-ji

(title of a famqus play

about a lovelorn girl)

gorufu

(Cph) WelI;Let me see...,

<-golf

HonshI

(Japan's main

ichi-do-mo

(+Neg.; never, not once

<-ik. -+KS & U-18 KS &

island)+Ll

(traditional

Kabuki

Shikashi,
Shikoku

-sh[-kan

(N/Adv)

So, so.

...times (:-do)

Kasei

Mars (planet)

-koto

--+KS

mannaka

metta'ni
mita-koto

__>FS

& U-18 KS & FS

(N) right in the middle
(*Neg.; seldom, rarely
<-mi. --+KS & U-18 KS
&FS

nan-do-mo many times

nan-kai-mo many times

e.g. yo-nen four years;

rai-nen nexf year; sen-

hanashite imasu
shabette imasu

koi o shite imasu

Nihon

Nihon-kai

Then,; Bye. (ja +-.dewa)

(Cph) Oh, yes!

sukiyaki

(typical

Japanese cuisine)

sut6ji

<-stage

(of a theater)

Taihei-y6

Pacific Ocean

+LL

Cf. Taisei-y6 Atlantic

Ocean

tama-ni

occasionally,
between

tashika (Adv) if I
tori

right;

few and far

remember

perhaps

street, way
Sono tori. (Cph) Exactly.;

(Suffix for years)

-nen

(Southern island of Japan)

week
Sore-ja,

-kai

But,

-+LL
(Suffix for weeks)
e.g. kon-shu this week
(Counter Suffix for weeks)
e.g. is-sh[-kan (for) one

-shI

Japanese

...months

onlY, no more

than...

theater form) -+U-19 LL

--+U-29 FS

nete imasu

<-orchestra

the 47 samurai)

-ka-getsu

nemutte imasu

learn by

o-b6-san
6kesutora
6ki-na

FS

tsukarete imasu

memorize,

hearf; master
oboete i. to remember

-do

itta-koto

shinpai-shite imasu

fo

big (used only as a

modifler) Cf. Oki. i
Seto-naikai Seto Inland Sea -+LL

' E...to,

kangaete imasu

opge.

+-bell

Bunraku

<-New York

Ny.U-y6ku

Y6roppa

Right.
(<-Portuguese/Drtch

Europa) Europe

kyU-hyaku-nana- jU-roku-

nen 1976; mai-nen every

YU-efu-6

year
Japan (:1;PPen; '
Sea of Japan -+LL

<-UFO (unidentified flying

object)

zenzen

(*Neg.) not at all

Unit 17

O Key

2.

Structures

{*'

Anata wa Nippon no eiga o mita-koto ga arimasu ka?

mita-koto ga arimasu.

2.

-Yes, I have.
I have never been there.

iJ.

He seldom reads books.

4.

seldom watch television.

Watashi wa ichi-do-mo soko

e itta-koto ga arimasen.
yomimasen.

Watashi wa tama-ni shika terebi o mimasen.

*More Examples For

N wa V.ta.koto ga ar.

-Hai,

has (once) done....

ichi-do-mo

metta-ni

tama.ni )
tokidoki I snira
lTimes] )
I

1l

duced
I

il

of

+[Neg.]

seldom

only a few times

only sometimes
only fTimes]

frequency are always used with Negatives.

Tama-ni/tokidoki/lTimes] shika +[Neg.] may seem to be negative in
meaning, but these are affirmative. Be careful. They are negative only
in the sense of 'no more than. ..,' which is really affirmative. lTimes]
indicates 'once,l 'twice,' etc. Other Adverbials of frequency are introThese Adverbials

in

FS.

-lie,

nan-do-mo (itta-koto

ga) ari.

eaten

yaki?

yoku tabemasu.

-Yes,

oflen.

I've seen several UFO's and

have even talked with a
Martian.

Watashi wa nan-kai-mo 'YD-efu-6'

lZ

-Yes, many times.

Have you ever broken a legf

-No, never,

ichi-do-mo arimasen.

mita-koto

Have you ever been to

Have you ever

Sukiyaki o tabeta.koto ga arimasu ka?

-Hai,

Europe?

Ashi o otta-koto ga arimasu ka?

not at all
not even once

zenzen

ka?

masu.

'N wa' indicates that N is the Topic. Therefore 'N wa' can mean
'The topic is N.' 'As for N,' 'speaking of N,'. +Unit 19 E V.ta-koto
Iiterally means 'having done. . .' so the above Construction may mean,
'For N, having done. . . exists,' that is, 'N has (once) done. . ..'
NB: ...e/ni itta-koto ga ar. means 'to have been to....'

Practice

lll (Anata wa) Y6roppa e itta.koto ga

arimasu

109

-Hai,

3. .Ano hito wa metta-ni hon

4.

Have you errer seen a Japanese movie?

TAPE FtrD

1i
,

l.

KS

ga arimasu. Kasei-jin ni

E I've

never played golf.

Have you?
many times.

atta-koto mo arimasu.

-Yes,
I smoke only

Watashi wa zenzen gorufu o shita-koto

only twice.
Father seldom lisfens to the

ga arimasen. Anata wa arimasu

-Hai,

ka?

nan-do-mo arimasu.

Watashi wa tama.ni shika tabako o

suimasen.
Watashi wa Tanaka-san

ni ni-kai shika

atta-koto ga arimasen.
Chichi wa metta.ni rajio o kikimasen.

lm6to wa itsu-mo sutereo o kiite imasu.

I've

occasionally.

seen Tanaka

radio.

My younger sister is always

listening to her stereo set.

110 Unit 17

Unit 17

FS

O Further Study

Ho*4o Make V.ta

Cf. V.te

Forms

e.g.

mi.

lpnit
--+

12 FS

mita

kik.

V.te-----'V.ta
--T
T

-+ kiita

ik. +

itta

Vom. --+ yonda

I.

II.

of

Kabuki

Frequency

-Hai,

(Have,

o mita-koto ga arimasu

ka?

-Bunraku mo mimashita. Shikashi,

Kabuki no h0 ga omoshiro.i desu.
Nani o mimashita?
namae wa oboete imasen.

-E...to,

tokidoki

sometimes

Doko de mimashita ka?

nan-kai-mo/nan-do-mo

many times

yoku

often

itsu-mo/itsu-demo

always/anytime

-San-nen

mae ni NyU-yOku de

Sore-ja,... tashika'Chushingura'
deshita ne.

-SO kamo shiremasen. Sutji

no

lpai-nichi

every day

mar-asa

every mornlng

ihai-ban

every evening

mai-shii

every week

ushiro no Okesutora ga taihen

mai-nen

eYery year

kirei deshita. Sutji no mannaka

ni Oki-na beru ga arimashita.

every month

.kai (...times a dayfyear eLc.) Cf. Unit 29 FS

ichi-nichi ni ik-kai

once

a day

twice a.week
ni ni-kai
ik-ka-getsu ni san-kai three times a month
four times a yeat
ichi-nen ni yon-kai
NB: The counting of times sounds the same as that of floors, except
for san-kai (three times) (Cf. the third floor: san-gai), but their
is-sh0-kan

pitches

(tp.

7) are different.

A, sore wa 'Dojo-ji' no hazu desu.

Takusan o-bO-san ga ita desh6?

-S0, s0, sono tOri desu.

Watashi wa Bunraku no 'Dojo-ji' mo
mita-koto ga arimasu.

,l

Have you ever seen kabuki?

have.

-Yes, I
But

saw bunraku, too.

found kabuki

more

interesting.

What did you

see?

remember
-W'eIl, I don't play.
title of

the

the

Where did you see it?

New York three years

-In
ago.

Then, perhaps

it

was Chu-

slr,ingura.

-Maybe so. The orchestra

on back stage was very
beautiful. In the center

mimashita.

mai- (every...)

Seen Kabuki?)

How about bunraku?

Bunraku wa?

from time to time

t'ou

-Yes, I

arimasu.

tama-ni

rnai-tsuki

m.

SO, SONO TORI,

tabe. --+ tabeta

'4..

\,

111

OConversation

Adverbials"'

of the stage was a big bell.

Oh, that must be Dojo-ji.
There were many monks on
stage, weren't there?
sure, you're right.

-Yes,
I x,w Dojo-ji as
too.

bunraku,

112 Unit 17 LL

Olook & Learn

(Have you ever been to

ka?

?>

ai
amari
chesu

echess

chiisa-na

small (used only as a modi-

(Nv) love, affection

(+Neg.; not so...

to come/go out,

deki.

egao
futari

-niku.i
appear,

...no.

...ni de. to aftend, take

part in...
...o/kara de. to come/go
out of..., leave...

o-negai

(N) hope, wish, prospect

(Nv) appeal, wish

to be produce d / made/botn
be possible +KS

papa
piano

O-negai(-shimasu). (Cph)
Please, (do...for me).
<-papa
<-piano

smiling face
two persons -+U-6 FS

gitdlpiano o hik.
the guitar/piano

pupil of the eye

Look,; Listen,

suki

hoshi.i

desirable --+U-20 KS

te

ichi-do
inochi

once

life
to pray
for/by oneself
skillful +KS

inor.

I
t
Ky0shU

'td

mamE

<-mama
moderate, so-so

Ma

(Cph) Well, you know.

ne.

muzukashi.
nakigoe

diftcult

(N) cry; whine

sign, mark, symbol

to grow (Vi)
sodate to inor.

to

pray

for one's growth

to that extent
(Cph) Not really.iNot all
that much.
<-ski, skiing

sukoyaka-na healthy

hand; arm
tokidoki-wa from time to time,
times (at least)

Tomu

some-

<-Tom

tsubura-na round/beady (of eyes)

tsukur.

<-card, playing cards

quite

kddo
kanari
mama

(Nv) cooking
(N/N(a)) happiness

Sore-hodo demo arimasen.

to play

Hora,

jibun-de
jdzu-na

Nagasaki

sore-hodo

to pull

hitomi
Taiheiy0

rydri
shiawase
shirushi

sodat.

unskillful, clumsy -+KS

Honshu

Hakata

nozomi

hanasu-koto <-hanas. --+KS

hanasu-no <-hanas. +KS

heta-na
hik.

+U-27 FS
--+KS & FS

-no

do?

Nihon-kai

from...
(N) wish, desire, prayer
hard to d0... --+FS

shorv up

Hajimemashite. (Cph) How do you

..,

negai

...alone, only...

...dake
de.

nak. to cry; whine

to learn, practice
...kara/ni naraw. to learn

Cf.
naraw.

fler) Cf. chiisa.i

119

New Words For UNIT, 1&,"

e itta koto ga arimasu

Anata wa

NW

Unit 17

unten
uta

to make,

produce

tsukutte hoshi.i
you to make...
(Nv) driving

song'

Cf. utaw. to sing

utsukushi.i beautiful

-yasu.i

easy

to d0... -+FS

want

Unit 18

&.
O Key

#/

-Yes, f

1.

Watashi wa Ei-go o hanasu-koto ga dekimasen.

2':

Anata wa tenisu ga dekimasu

-Hai,

dekimasu.

hanasu-no ga j1zu desu.

Tanaka-san wa Supein-go

4.

Watashi wa gorufu ga heta desu.

N'"wa V.ri-koto ga deki.

N wa lSomething] ga deki.

*More

Some other

-lie,

N wa fsomethingl ga idzu/heta

lZ

hiku.koto ga deki.

ka?

Watashi wa 6tobai

no unten ga deki.

Anata wa Ei-go ga dekimasu ka?

-Hai,

-lie,

and

E.

V"-koto+V".no

Ane wa uta ga j6zu desu.

wa ry6ri ga heta desu.

Tomu-san wa chesu ya kddo ga taihen
i6zu desu. Watashi wa amari i6zu
Watashi

These are Nominalization

dewa arimasen.

The difference

Watashi

of Verbs or Clauses. .)FS

in usage will be shown in Unit 26 FS.

wa Nippon-go ga heta

-Yes, a little.

-No, not so well.

E My older sister sings well.

I am a bad cook.
E MV older sister sings well.
I am a bad cook.
Tom is very good at chess
and cards. I am not very

My

amari dekimasen.

desu.

f can't,
I-No,
cannot speak Russian.
E I can ride a motorcycle.

good.

sukoshi dekimasu.

lE Ane wa uta o utau-no ga j6zu desu.

Watashi wa ry6ri o tsukuru.no ga heta
desu.

E I can ride a motorcycle.

Can you play the pianol

Can you speak Englishf

dekimasen.

masu.

N is good/poor at doing....

N is good/noor at doing [sotething].

Look at the transformation principles in E

dekimasen.

can do lSomething].

J6zu, heta are N(a).

For Practice

Watashi wa Roshia-go o hanasu.koto ga

V.u-koto can be omitted as well.

N wa V.u.no ga jdzu/heta desu.

Examples

masu

itl

lr

Spanish

lll Watashi wa dtobai o unten-suru.koto

can do....

Construction E has lSomething]-suru-koto or [Somethins] o surukoto, then the -suru-koto or o suru-koto can be omitted to make Con-

E.

can.

ga dekimasu.
Anata wa piano

If

shuction

'

Mr. Tanaka is good at speaking

..
I am bad at golf.

This Construction literally means, 'With N, doing. . . is

which easily translates as 'N can do. . . .'

tennis?

115

ka?

3.

Can you play

TAPE ;CD

Structures

cannot speak English.

KS

desu.

Japanese

is terrible.

116 Unit 18

Unit 18 C

FS

OConversation

O Further Study
ti"l,

1l

11 Verbal Nouns
V*-koto (what one does/did)
,1"(1)

Anata wa sukT o shita-koto ga

arimasu

e.g. hanas. (to speak)--+ hanasu-koto (what

:" '

one speaks)

hanashita-koto (what one spoke)

NB: Vn-koto as well as V'-no (+Unit 26 FS> has the other function of making a Noun clause for the sentence, in which case 'N
wa' is replaced by 'N ga/o' <+Unit 19 E).
l,

(D

ka?

demo, ichi-do shika shita-koto ga

arimasen. Taihen heta desu.

SukI wa muzukashi.i desu ne.
Magaru-koto ga dekimasu ka?

-lie, dekimasen. Tomaru-no mo

Y" -kata/Y" -i-kata/ki-kata/shi-kata (how to do)

MdmE desu.

e.g. tabe. (to eat) --+ tabe-kata (how to eat)

yom. (to read)+ yomi-kata (how to read)
kuru (to come)-' ki-kata (how to come)
suru (to do> --+ shi-kata (how to do)

i/

V" . i-yasu. i/ki-yail.i/shi-yasu.

Anata wa jOzu desu

ka?

(easy to do)

e.g. tabe. (to eat) --+ tabe-yasu.i (easy to eat)

yom. (to read)-+ yomi-yasu.i (easy to read)
(D V"-niku.i/V" . i-niku. i/ki-niku. i/shi-niku. i (hard to do)
e.g. tabe. (to eat) + tabe-niku.i (hard to eat)
yom. (to read)-+ yomi-niku.i (hard to read)

-Sore-ja, tomaru-koto mo dekimasu

ne.

-Dare ni naraimashita

Good Skier?)

Have you ever gone skiing?

-Yes, but only once. I'm
a very bad skier. Skiing

is very difrcu1t.
Can you turn?

-No, I

can't. It's also hard

for me to stop.
Are you good at it?

So-so.

-Then,

you can stop, can't

you?
Sort of.

-Who taught you?

I've never had lessons.

-Not even once?

I learned by myself.
I used to live in Hokkaido.
-Oh, you did? Then, you
must be quite good, I
No, nof really.

ka?

Mukashi HokkaidO ni sunde imashita.

desu

deshO

suppose.

ME ne.

-SO

You

No,

-lchi-do-mo?
Hai, jibun-de oboemashita.

Verbal Adjectives
V"-yasu.

muzukashi.i desu.

Naratta-koto wa arimasen.

. e.g. kaer. (to return) -+ kaeri (way back)

' tdr. (to pass by)-t tdri (street)
(1)

-8,

', ,,

e.S. Watashi wa kare ni aimashita. (I met him.)

--+Watashi ga kare ni atta-koto
((the fact) that I met him)

(3) Y".i/V"

II.

(Arq

MAMA DESU.

Someil'Words Derived From Yerbs

*;

I
,l

ka?

117

Dewa, kanari jOzu

ne....

lya, sore-hodo demo arimasen.

Unit 18

118 Unit 18 LL

NW

119

Olook & Learn

',i

(Let's Sins!)

Nippon no uta o utaimash0!

-ban
E?

KONNICHIWA, AKA-CHAN!

fonnichiwa, aka-chan
Anata. no egao.
Konnichiwa, aka-chan

Sukoyaka-ni, utsukushi. ku
Sodate to inoru.
Konnichiwa, aka-chan !

Anata no nakigoe,
'tSono chiisa-na te,

O-negai ga aru no;

Tsubura-na hitomi.
Hajimemashitel'
Watashi ga'Mama yo.

@ Konnichitva,

aka-chan

Konnichiwa, aka-chan
Tokidoki-wa Papa to,

@ Hora, futari dake

Kono shiawase ga
Papa no nozomi yo.
Hajimemashite!
Watashi ga Mama yo.

Oyasumi, aka-chan !
Watashi ga Mama yo.

Kon

fon ::"

#"}:ll;;f "*"*..".,

overseas travel

elass cars on JaPa-

<-Hawaii

-kai-me

(Counter Sufrx)
-th time

- no

(N)

Hello, little baby!

@ Hello, little baby!

- ta- shi ga . Ma - ma

yo.

)1963 R. Ei, H. Nakamura, Watanabe Music pub. Corp.

Ued by pemision of JASRAC Licence No.8324006 ?27

Japa-

nese pinball game)

tenpura

(typicalJapanesecuisine)

ttre

little

@ This symbol of, our love,

May you healthily and beautifully
Grow up, we pray.

face.

baby

Hello, Iittle baby!

I
eyes.

Hello, Iittle baby!

Wa

pachinko (Nv) (very popular

(Translation of the song on page 118)

@ Hello, little baby!

This life of yours.

chl

Japanese

masked play)

(Japanese clothing)

Your cry,
Your tiny hands,
Your bright, Iittle
How do you do?
I am your mother.
So

(traditional

(N/Adv) for the flrst time

Hawai

Hello,

N0

(Japanese wooden clogs)

Your smiling

- ni - chi-wa, a - ka-chanl

long-distance express

Nihon-ry6ri Japanese cuisine

(Nv)

Gurin_sha :eGreen Cars (nickname

kimono

green

tickets)

foreigner

geta

midori , (N)

for

nese National Railways)

Oyasumi-nasai.

Midori pci Madbguchi Green Window

(Japanese National Railways reservation window

gaikoku-ryok6

'hajimete

Anata no mirai ni,

O-negai, aka-chan

pardon?

ekonomi-kurasu <-economy class

fasuto-kurasu <-first class
gaikoku foreign counlry
Cf . gaikoku- j in / gai'iin

no

Tsukutte hoshi.i no.

maddguchi wicket, window

for lst

Shizuka-na yoru o

Anata no' inochi.

Konnichiwa, aka-chan

Futari dake no
Ai no shirushi,

(Counter Sufflx) No.

(Cph) What?; Beg your

have a request of you;

little baby!

Hello,

'Will you.sometimes,

@ For just your daddy and

Give us a quiet evening?
I pray of you, baby,

to

In all your days

Please go

May you have this happiness.

That is your father's wish.
How do you do?
I am your mother.

Please, little baby!

Go to sleep, little babY!
I am your mother.

sleep.

me,

KS

Unit 19

This is the first time I've eYer seen a temPle.

_r

TAPE

;b

Is this your first time to ski?

-No, this isn't my flrst time.

6:rA

O Key"structures

l.l,Watashi wa o-tera o miru-no ga hajimete

121

I've skied several

desu.

times.

2.+, Anata wa sukT ga hajimete desu ka?

-lie, hajimete dewa arimasen.

;:... ., Nan-kai-mo shita-koto ga arimasu.
*More Examples For Practice

lt

N wa V.ir-no ga hajimete desu.

Hajimete is a Noun meaning 'the

N does. . . for the first time.

first time,' so this

'with N, doing. . . is the flrst time,' which

lates as 'This is the first time for N to do....'
Iiterally

means,

N wa lSomethingl ga hajimete

ka?

haiimete dewa arimasen.

Yamada-san ni au-no wa haiimete desu.
Nippon-jin

1g

to

Nippon-go de hanasu'no

wa hajimete desu ka?

Hawai de nan'do-mo

and E.

-lie,

(hanashita'

koto ga) arimasu.

wa (+unlt

are followed by ga, while

1z tr>. Therefore, you'll sometimes

see both wa and ga in the same sentence. w-hen the Agent happens
to be the Topic, it takes wa. The Tbpic is not necessarily an Agent;

it

mete desu.

-lie,

Japanese, generally speaking, Agents

Topics are indicated by

wa Nippon e iku-no ga haii'

haiimete desu

tr;-tl

In

Watashi

(Anata wa) gaikoku o ryok6-suru'no ga

easily trans-

desu.

N does fSomething] for the flrst time.

Trook at the transformation principles in Unit
p

Construction

ll
,

can be any word or phrase

to which the speaker wants to

direct

the listener's attention.

Interrogatives like nani, dare, doko, etc. never take wd, because something which is unknown to the speaker cannot be the Topic.

'N o V' can be 'N wa V' when N is

chosen as

the Topic. +FS

I This is the flrst time for

me to go to Japan.
Is this the ffrst time for you
to travel abroad?
flrst time.
-No, it's not my
This is the first time I've met
Mr. Yamada.
Is this the flrst time for You

to

speak Japanese

with

-No, I've spoken it several

times ih Hawaii.
p This is my frrst triP
abroad.

Watashi wa gaikoku-ryokd ga haiimete

desu.

Is this your flrst visit

Anata wa Nippon ga haiimete desu ka?

e kita'koto ga arimasu.
-lie,
Shikashi, Kydto wa haiimete desu'
Nihon-rydri wa haiimete dewa arima'
Osaka

sen.

koto ga arimasu.

tabeta-

to

Japan?

I've been to Osaka.

B'ut I've never been

-No,

Sushi ya tenpura ya sukiyaki

Japanese?

to

Kyoto.

This isn't my flrst

Japanese

food.

I've had sushi, temPura,

sukiyaki before.

and

122 Unit 19 FS

Unit 19

O Further Study

OConversation

mO

s'.

you intend to refer to a person/thing/matter, you may be aware

of the person/thingfmalter as one constituent of a certain group. If you
refer to the person/lhing/matLer contrasting it with other members of
i'When

iL is/arc followed by wa. If you

ppfer" to it as a representative of the group, the word(s) isfare followed
by mo. For example, if you say, "Jon-san wa isha desu." (John is a
doctor.), you may have recognized 'John' as one person in a group and
have contrasted him with the people 'Andy,' 'Bill,' etc., whereas if you say,
the same group, the word(s) indicating

"Jon-san';mo isha'desu." (John is also a doctor.), you may have recognized

him as a representative of the group made up of other people 'Eddy,'
'Tom,'etc. who are also doctors. In Japanese, when something is chosen
as the Topic, it has necessarily been categorized in a group, although the
il
;'
rl

rl
'

12s

r*I

"il

Wa vS.

in a strict

no iogically common features.

by wa.
On the other hand, ga should be attached to an Agent, which is, as it
were, 'given.' For example, if you say, "Koko ni hon ga arimasu," hon
is gilen in the sense that the speaker has not chosen hon as the Topic, but
when he intends to refer to what is there, hon happens to be there. And
if he didn't mention hon, the listener couldn't understand what is there.
Therefore, ga, not wa is attached to Interrogatives, because what the
speaker does not know can never be categorized or chosen as the Topic.
Wa or mo can be added even if the Noun has been already followed
by another Postposition, unless this Postposition is ga, o, or no. Even if
the Postposition is ga or o, wa or mo can replace it. Not so with no.
You can not choose N, of 'N, flo Nz' as the Topic.
constituents may,

sense, have

Therefore, such Topics are always followed

(Buying The Ticket)

HAJIMETE DESU.
wa Shinkansen ni noru-no
-Watashi
ga hajimete desu. Doko de kiPPu

o kaimasu

ka?

Asoko no Midori no Madoguchi desu.

*t<*

-Koko

kau-koto 'ga dekimasu ka?

***

ticket here?
for where?

Yes,

-Kyoto.

'Green' Car?

What's
-What?
Class.

Hai, dochira made?

made desu.

-Do

you have economy class?

Then please go to the No.

or No. 8 window.

Sore wa nan desu ka?

Mt. Fuji, isn't it?

-That's
Right. Is this your flrst

wa arimasu

-Ekonomr-kurasu
Ja, nana-ban ka hachi-ban

e itte

ka?

no

kudasai.

visit to

Japan?

-Yes.'

W'here are you from?

-The

States.

**{<

VMidori no Madoguchi

ne.
-Are wa Fuji-san desu
SO desu. Anata wa NiPPon wa

hajimete desu

ka?

-Hai.
Dochira kara?

-Amerika

desu.

**{<

Fasuto-kurasu desu.

madoguchi

that?

First

Gurin-sha desu ka?

-E?

there.

-CanlbuyaShinkansen

de Shinkansen no kippu

-KyOto

is my flrst trip on the

Shinkansen. 'Where can
I buy my ticket?
At the 'Green Window' over

-This

Unit 19 NW

12t* Unit L9 LL

OLook & Learn

New Words For UNIT ?O

Things Japanese

125

c..

byuffe

<-buffet

prnpon

<-ping-pong

dansu

(Nv)

riyd

(Nv) utilize,

sake
sanpo

(Japanese alcoholic drink)

<-dance

gita

to get, acquire
<-guitar

Hakata

(place name) +U-17

ietto-ki

<-jet

jlsu

<-juice

kirai-na

detestable --+KS

koibito
kom.

Iover, sweetheart Cf. koi

to get crowded/ful

-sha ...car

e.

mas.
m0-sugu

'nobi.

plane

konde i. tobe crowded/full

to increase
soon,

(Nv) stroll, walk

...o sanpo-suru to lake
walk in...

shokudO-sha restaurant car

shokud6 reslaurant

in a moment

to extend, stretch

o-sake

LL

make use of

resutoran)

(Nv)

sutet

swimming

Cf. oyog. to swim

(Nv) <-skaling
fond, like -+KS

suketo
suki-na

(Vi)

sake

#.{*##'##-*--*soroban

Is an Adjective ending

in -i

N(a) or A'i?

As you have learned, Na takes the form of N(a) before desu, dewa, etc. and
this N(a) often has - i as ils ending. In this case, you may make the mistake
of regarding an N(a) ending in -i as an A.i, for the dot "'in A'iis not usually
written except in this book. Here is a way to distinguish N(a) from A'i.
AII A.i have -ai, -ii, -oi, or -ui as their ending. Therefore, if agivenAdjective, before desu, dewa, etc., has any ending other than -ai, -ii, -oi, or -ui'
it is an N(a). However very few N(a) have -ai, -ii, .-oi, or -ui as their ending. (In this respect, you can find only one example of an N(a) ending in -ai
in this book, i.e. kirai.) consequently, if a given Adjective, except kirai, has c*
as its ending before desu, dewa, etc., it is an N(a)' And if it
Vw, .-n, or
has

-ei
-ai, -ii, -oi, or -ui, it

is an A'i.

This rule is applicable to almost all the Adjectives, not only those in this

That is, if you memorize the few exceptional N(a) ending

you can easily dislinguish N(a) from A'i.

NB:

Because

the

-ei in N(a) is usually

made even simpler

Jrnja

for colloquial

Vw*i, it is an A'i; if

not,

it

pronounced

in -ai,

-6 (*p. 7), this rule can be

is, if an Adjective has

Japanese. That

is an N(a).

book.

-ii, -oi, or -ui,

Unit 20

TAPE

66

O Key Structures
f . iWatashi wa koen o sanpo-suru-no ga suki desu.
2. '.Anata wa sukiyaki ga kirai desu ka?

3.

4. I prefer coffee.
5. You had better go home at

once.

Watashi wa sup0tsu-k6 ga hoshi.i desu.

i.i desu.
5. Anata wa sugu ie e kaetta hO ga i.i desu.
.i'rWatashi wa

kOhT

no h0 ga

*More Examples For Practice

lI Watashi wa oyogu-no ga suki desu.
Biru wa eiga o miru-no ga suki desu.

It

N waiv.u.no ga suki/kirai desu.

Instead

of Verbs

N likes/dislikes doing....

same as

with any

Na.

N wa fSomething] ea suki/kirai

* N likes/dislikes
Lo6t<

[fl

lSomethingl.

at the transformation principles in Unit 18 E

N wa [Something] ga hoshi.idesu.

and Fl.

desu.

ka?

-lie,

amari suki dewa arimasen.

Anata wa eiga ga suki desu ka?

+Unit 2I n.
N prefers lSomething].

This is the applied form of @. The

Y.ta/Y.nai rather than V.u/V.nakatta.

had

better do....

V' usually takes the forms,

-lie,

suki desu.

Watashi wa jitensha ga hoshi'i desu.

movies.

Do you like traveling bY iet?

I don't like it
-No,
p
you like movies?

much.

-No, I

don't.

Don't you like tempura?

-Yes, I do.
Slwantabicycle.
I wish I had a boYfriend/
girlfriend.
Don't you want anY money?

of course I
-Yes,prefer
@

do.

tea.

wa koibito ga hoshi'i desu.

Anata wa o-kane ga hoshi'ku'na'i
desu

hospital.

ka?

-No,

You'd better go to the

Yoqd better not drink

desu.

-Mochiron,
Watashi wa k6-cha no hO ga i'i desu.
Anata wa jUsu no hO ga i'i desu ka?

-lie,

Bill likes watching

Do you prefer juiceJ

I prefer coffee.

hoshi'i

E I like swimming.

Do

Watashi

N wants to get fSomethingl.

N wa [Something] no hO ga i.i {esu.

N wa V" h0 ga i.i

desu

suki

Anata wa tenpura ga kirai desu ka?

desu.

This is the applied form of Unit 1b E.

ni noru'no ga

Anata wa jetto-ki

-lie, kirai desu.

'
A

meaning 'like, Iove, dislike, or hate,, the N(a) suki

and kirai are usually used. The Negatives and Past forms are made the

127

like walking in the Park.

2. Don't you like sukiYaki?
3. I wish I had a sportscar.
1.

,$

KS

kOhi no h0

ga

Anata wa by6in e

i'i

desu'

itta h6 ga i'idesu.

i'i desu.
h6 ga i'i desu.

Amari o-sake o nomanai hO ga

Amari tabakoo suwanii

too

much.

You'd better not smoke too

much.

128 Unit 20 FS

Unit 20

O Further Study

OConversation

REV,ERSE rNDEX OF VERB CONJUGATTONS

KONDE IMASU NE,

You have learned so far almost all the conjugated forms of Japanese
'verbs. w'hen you are in doubt as to the original or stem form of .a
,given Verb, you can refer to the following list.
NB: (1) This index is applicable not only to the verbs in this book but
to almost all Verbs in contemporary Japanese.
i:,
(2) The signs [c] and [vw], respectively, indicate consonants
and
vowels other than those given in this index.
i

nakereba

+-nai

ite

iida

nagar a

--s./slru
*-ii./-ik.
-iite

)eta
ita

mashita

)shita

-iita

'Y'

kita

- masu
*( - )e'

kite
(

+i.

(-

--s'/suru

e-

ii./

)[ C]ite

)[Vw]ite

+-ma$l

nakatta

^-takatta

-nakute

(
(

)itta

[Vw]tta

masu

-ik./( -

nde

--b./m.

)ete

*(-)e'

)enai
ai

e-ii'

-[c]o

masu
(

-( -

ci.

euru

-iinai

+-ii.

konai

)e'
(

-masen

+-masJ

+---masu

wa yoku Shinkansen o

)[Vw]imasu

tsu

riyO-

ka?

Watashi wa hikO-ki ga amari

suki dewa arimasen.

runs between Tokyo and

by air.

-Neither**{<do

I.

-Yes,

e ikimasen

ka?

let's.
*t<*

Crowded,

isn't

it?

Perhaps

we'd better go to the buffet

cat.

e-t./-chi.

Konde imasu ne.

*-s',/suru

hO ga

*iw'/-ii'

*'-lcl./

-S0

i.i

-(-

)[vw]w.

e-t.

.. . Byuffe e itta

-[c]u

--tcl.
*( -

wa

kOhT

ga hoshi'i desu.

Watashi wa k6-cha no h0 ga t.l

)[Vw]w.

desu.

t<

VShinkansen

Anata wa?

)[Vw]u

kamo shiremasen.

shimashO.

-Watashi

the

restaurant car together?

mo kirai desu.

lssho-ni shokudO-sha

ex-

the
-Do
Shinkansen?
Yes. I don't like traveling

W'hy don't we go to

{<t<*

(- )[c]i.

+ - masu
-tai +-mas

masho

)iimasu

(-)[C]imasu

It

MO-sugu HokkaidO made nobimasu.

-Watashi

does

Hakata. Soon it'll be

tended to Hokkaido.
you often use

want coffee. You?

-I
I prefer tea.

ei.

)e.

very

this line run?

TOkyO kara Hakata made desu.

'Hai.

Shinkansen is
-The
convenient,

-Let's.

imasu

)shimasu

-lkimash0.

*(-

chimasu

e-lnas.

)emasu

r_(-)[c]i.
-kuru

*-tcl'

From where to where

)[vw]o

*( - )[Vw]r./
+-nai

- ) [c]i.

129

,*"
The Super-Express>

ka?

ekuru

*(- )[Vw]w.
-ru *-'/-r'

-takunai

/n.

)[c]ivo +(

imasu

shimasu

uru

iiyo

wa benri desu ne.

-Shinkansen
Doko kara doko made hashitte

-Anata

q.

shiyd

koyd

-ik'/(-)tr./iw.

shinai

)[C]inai

*(- )[Vw]r./

ide

in

r,/w.

masu

)ir./iw'

-(_ )[c]i.
-(_ )[vw]k.

-anai

+-nai
+-

(-

ekuru

t'/w'

+kuru

+-

)itte

ik.

-( _ )LCli.
(l )[v*]r, +(- )[Vw]k.
takunakatta

[Vw]tte

(-)[c]ita

tyo

)shite

-nda +-b./m./n.

+l'

(In

:t<

130 Unit 20 LL

Unit 20

Olook & Learn

Anata wa
(How are you at

New Words For UNIT

ga

jOzu

lsuki/kirai desu ka?

rlamu

<-dam

fumikiri

somewhere -U-4 FS
railroad crossing
(two persons) togelher

rkrko-ka (N)

?>

futari-de

Cf. hitori'de by/for

lratake

self, alone
fleld, farm

haya.

fast; early;

Cf.

one-

oso.i slow;

lrigashi

east

lrik6-jo

airPori (:kuko)
hikd flieht

late

michi
minami
minato
nishi

west

o-ai-suru :

aw

FS
O-genki-de.

pond

intdchenji

+-interchange

shima
shiyd

sukEto

want lo stay

itsu-made-mo forever
(N(a)/Adv)
jIbun

I.

(3)>

(Cph) Keep well.; Take

full,

satisfac-

kaeritakunai

don't want to go
<-kaer. -+KS

kaigan
kanojo

beach

home

+p. 173
hill, rise
to think -+KS
spa, hot spring

pier, wharf
isle, island
<_SUrU

+KS

sonna-ni

so (much) +U-15 FS

ta(nbo)

tekky6

rice field
railroad/iron bridge

tetsud6

railroad

Cf. chika-tetsu subway;

Koku-tetsu Japanese National Railways

<-i' -+($

Lory

eit6

(modest ai : Nominalized form of aw'+U-18

onsen
sanbashi

prano

south

care of yourself.; See you.

ike

itai

in Kyoto
road, way, path, street

Nara

omow.

suki

21.

harbor, port
more, moteover, further
(place name) ->U-17 LL

oka

suiei

...to

1Lu1... +KS

tsumori
watas.

(N)

zehi

intention, prospect
to hand over, carry across,
transfer, surrender
by all means, without fail

she

Cf. kanojo-ra they

(female)

jid6sha no unten

kazan
kenbutsu

volcano

kita

north

koj6

factory

(Nv)

131

k6soku-ddro expressway
Ky6to-kenbutsu sightseeing

motto
soon

NW

sightseeing

,,@r*
*'

Unit 21

TAPE

'i6

6:n

O Key Structures

[.
?.
3.

Watashi wa motto Nippon ni itai desu.

Amerika ni kaeritakunai desu.

Watashi wa KyOto o kenbutsu-shiyO to omoimasu.

,,.4. Ashita Nara e iku tsumori desu.

1. I
2. I
3. I
4. I

don't want to go back to the States.

think

intend to go to Nara tomorrow;

Examples

For Practice

(Anata wa) haya.ku kuni nikaeritai desu

-lie,
vltai

Motto Nippon-go o benkyO-shitai desu.

V.takunai desu
You make the

v'tai

don't want to do...

V.masu forms, by putting

forms of

*V.tai

-tai

on

o motto shiritai desu.

lZ Ashita Nara e ik6 to omoimasu.
Rai-shu no Getsu-y6(bi) kanojo ni a6 to
Nippon

form conjugating the same way as

with

the

V" and -itai on V". The V.tai

omoimasu.

V" are kitai and shitai. +FS

once made conjugates exactly

tike A.i (+Unit 10 FS);

Watashi-tachi wa kekkon-shiyO to omoithe

masu.

Fast is v'takatta desu and the past Negative v.takunakatta desu.

rBe careful l 'Want (to get) fSomething]' is expressed by ,fSomething]

I
I

l
l

ga hoshi.i desu.' +Unit 20 E

V.6 to omow.

desu

TOkyO

no k6gai ni

sumd to omoimasu.
Rai-shii kare ni au tsumori desu.

Kare niwa kodomo o watasanai tsumori

V.u/V.nai tsumori

wa

Watashi wa rikon-suru tsumori desu.

be planning to do...

For how to make V.6 forms, tFS.

Watashi-tachi

desu.

intend to/not to do...

Tsumori is.a Noun meaning'intention,' as

in the set

phrase: Watashi

no tsumori dewa, . . . . (In my intention/As I intend, ....).

Kodomo

to futari-de Yokohama

tsumori

desu.

ni iku tsumori desu ka?

-Hai, ik6 to omoimasu.
Ryokd

Do you want to go home

soon?

sonna-ni haya.ku kaeritakunai

desu. ltsu-made-mo Nippon ni itaidesu.

want to do...

desu

I will see the sights of Kyotoj

ka?

133

want to stay in Japan longer.

*More

[I

KS

ni sumu

I don't want to go
-No,
home
soon, I'd rather
so

stay

I
I

in

Japan forever.

want to learn Japanese.

want to know more of

Japan.

EI

think

I'll go to Nara

tomorrow.

I'll

meet her next Monday.

We've decided to get married.

We'd like to live in the

suburbs of Tokyo.
E I'm -to meet him next
week.
I've decided

togeta divorce.

I'm not going to let himhave

our child.
I'll live alone with my child
in- Yokohama.

Are you going on a tripJ

-Yes,

IthinkIwill.

134 Unit

Unil 2I

21 FS

O Further Study

OGonversation

How to ilIake

I.

V.tai

Forms

Cf. V.nai +Uni&-10 FS & Unit

13

Vu (Vowel-ending Verbs)

'l.v'

e.g. tabe.--+ tabetai

oki' +

II. V" (Consonant-ending

Verbs)

Cf. Sound Law (1) +Unit 8 FS

e.g. kak'

v"

+m.

kakitai

mot. --) mochitai

kaw'--+ kaitai

III. V" (Irregular

kuru ----+

vorTt.--+ yomitai

ffi

li

okitai

kitai

tsumori

desu. Furu.i o-tera Ya jinja o miy6

to omoimasu.
Watashi

mo

KYOto de

tabe.-* tabey6

oki.

--+ okiy6

kak.

-*

Sound

Law (3)

w*6-+6

yom.+

yomd

kad

to do some

sightseeing in KYoto. I
think I'll see some old

temples and shrines.

Really? I get ofi here, too.

We may meet again

where in Kyoto.

some-

hope so'

-Yes,
How long do you Plan to
stay in Kyoto?
thinking of staYing
-I'm
until next MondaY.
have to go to Osaka on

Tuesday.

Then you've got

enough

tirne to see KYoto.

-Rai-shU
omotte imasu. Ka-YObi ni Osaka
ikanakereba narimasen.

**{'

Here we are.
Have a good time. BYe!
-Good-by

Dewa, j0bun KyOto-kenbutsu ga

dekimasu ne.
**t<

mot. --+ mot6

kaw.

Verbs)

kak6

seems

alreadY?

so. Are You getting

off in Kyoto?
I intend

no Getsu-YObi made iYO to

e.g.

suru -----+ shiy6

-Hai, Ky0to o kenbutsu-suru

ka.

It

we in Kyoto

-Yes.

ka?

+ffi
+ffi
##

---+ koy6

ka?

Itsu made KyOto ni iru o-tsumori desu

(Consonant-ending Verbs)

kuru

orimasu

de

_-E, zehi o-ai-shitai desu ne'

.\.:

III. V" (Irregular

desu. Anata wa KYOto

o-ai-suru kamo shiremasen ne.

How to Make V.O Forms

I. V" (Vowel-ending Verbs)
i$ffiir iffi*-

II. V"

Sono yO

lAre

orimasu. Mata KYOto no doko-ka de

Verbs)

suru ----+ shitai

V"

(A Trip To Kyoto)

KyOto desu ka?

SO desu

Sa, tsukimashita.
O-genki-de. SaYOnara.

-Say6nara.

13s

'$*

SA, TSUKIMASHITA.

-M0

VKiyomizu Temple in

Unit 21

136 Unit 2I LL

NW

/87

OLook & Learn

LdSs' Read The Map

ato-de later, later on

<-beef
bifu
(+-Dutch bier) beer
biru
-bu
...department/section
bu-ch6 director (of a department)
chikin <-chicken
denki electricity; electrical
denwa (Nv) telephone (call)
denwa ga ar' to get a

"lf!'

\U

..)----b':,

ll

intdchenji

telephone caII

ebi

lobster; prawn; shrimP

ebi-furai fried

prawn

erekutorikku <-electric

kita

mrnamt
u

tetsudd

:;_

eki

ddrolmichi

li

-_--_ kdsoku-d6ro
6 kazan
-c!5 onsen

hik0-j0
hatake

lr

lr

rll

ta(nbo)

rt

jinja

;u

o-tera

* sakkd
. U by6in
A gink6
@

A
Y
+

y[bin-kyoku

<-hamburger

hikkos.
kani

to move (fo a new

k6j6

raisu

<-ricei boiled rice

Cf. gohan boiled rice;
meal kome rice

%j*>ffi

Katd
katsu
kime.

address)

supu
suru

+-soup
do

,,.ni suru to decide on...

--+KS

rice

tamago

egg

(family name)

tenkin

(Nv)

yoroshi

an office in another city

OK, all right

<-cutlet

to decide
...ni kime' to decide on...
this...

-+p.

83

...n; n3;'

--+KS

(your) telephone (call)

(:denwa)

being transferred to

Yl-esu Erekutorikku <-U.S. Electric

yushutsu (Nv)

export

Cf. YunY[ (Nv) imPort

kon-sh[ this week

kon-getsu this month
Cf. rai-getsu next month
kotoshi this Year
nar.
to become; resull (in)

o-denwa

kome

renraku (Nv) contact; informing

sassoku immediatelY, right away

crab

-+KS

kon-

gohan

raisu

kard-raisu <-curried rice, curry and

keisatsu(-sho)
sh6bd-sho

<-pork

shibaraku (N/Adv) for a while

shutchd (Nv) business trip

-furai <-fried...

hanbigE

p0kLl

Zannen-nagara, (Cph) To mY regret,;

*I

regret to say that...

TT

i'

Unit 22

1. I'm determined to meet him today.

2. I've decided to go to Germany nqxt monih.
3. W'hich do you want, coffee or tea?

o key Structures
2.

Watashi wa kyO ano hito to au-koto ni shimasu.

watashi wa rai-getsu Doitsu e iku-koto ni shimashita.

3.

(Anata wa) kohl

4.

-KO-cha ni shimasu.
Rai-nen kara TOkyO ni sumu-koto ni narimashita.

1*.

to

kO-cha

no dochira ni shimasu

4.

decides

W'e're going to live

*More Examples For

tr

in Tokyo beginningl next

Kyd wa haya.ku kaeru-koto ni shimasu.

kimemashita

to/not to do....

E Watashi

ka?

E ,N wa Y.u-/y.nai.koto ni nar.

It

is decided that N will/will not....

This construction is rlsed when circumstances have taken the
out of N's hands and forced an action.

decision

wa kono kamera o kau-koto ni

Aspects would

of these Japanese functions. .)FS

The shimashjta, kimashita, and narimashita in

so much past tense as they are .perfect Aspect.,

E, p,

are not

go home early

W'e'Il settle on buying this

house.

I've

made up my mind to
study German.
We've decided to live

Have you

decided

io

get

married?

E I'll buy this camera. How

-Watashi wa ano
Dore ni shimasu ka?
ni
-Sono aka.i no shimasu.

about you?

ni

shimasu.

take that

-I'll
'Which

one.

Anata wa doko nisumu tsumori desu ka?

one do you want?

one, please.
-That redyou
'W'here
going to live?
are
decided on Kama-

ni kimemashita.
-Kamakura

lVhen do you plan

Itsu hikkosu tsumori desu

there?

-Kon-getsu
Watashi-tachi

wa

ka?

rikon-suru-koto ni

-We've
kura.

ni tenkin-suru-koto ni

narimashita. Anata to

shibaraku

awanai-koto ni narimasu.

to

move

the tenth of this month.

We're going to get a di-

-On

vorce.

I'm going

narimashita.
Rai-getsu Osaka

and

think I'Il

shimasu. Anata wa?

no t6-ka ni shimashita.

so far, we have followed convention and used 'past' and .present,

as grammatical terms. In fact, 'perfect' and 'rmperfect'

EI

today.

Tokyo.

kamera

decides on fSomethingl.

be more descriptive

year.

Practice

o kau-koto ni shimasu.
Doitsu-go o narau-koto ni shimashita.
T6ky0 ni sumu-koto ni kimemashita.
Anata-gata wa kekkon-suru-koto ni

N wa [Something] ni suru/kime.
N

s.

Kono ie

tl ; N wa V.u-zV.nai.koto ni ,urulLirno
N

have tea.

139

ka?

1i

-I'll

KS

to be transferred to

the Osaka ofrce next month'

So I may not see you for some
time.

110 tJnit 22

O Further Study
't

OGonversation

six

tenses (past, present,

future, and their respective perfects) while Japanese has only the two Aspects of Perfect and Imperfect.
Thlb alone shows that Japanese is based upon a system of time conceptualization quite different from English. The Japanese choice of the
Pg^rfect or rmperfect Aspect depends upon whether or not the event in
question is completed-Perfect if it is and Imperfect if it is not. Thus
the Perfect can occasionally be used even for future events. The corhas

respondence between these Japanese Aspects and English tenses is roughly as sho#g below.

ENGLISH

Past
'glstuvesr)\61

-Moshi-moshi,

(C,afing The Company>

Osaka Denki desu ka?

Yushutsu-bu bu-chO no Kat6-san,:

wa Yu-esu Erekutorikku no

Jon Sumisu desu. lma KyOto

ni

kite imasu. Getsu-yObi made kochira

ni iru tsumori desu.

I

Present

['n*d*ud6$ci]

Future

JAPANESE

Let us take tabe. (to eat) as an example to

F-I will ert
tabemasu

Imperfect

I will have eaten tabete shimaimasu (+Unit 16 E>

I eat
tabemasu
i have eaten
tabemashita
I have already eaten tabete shimaimashita
I have once eaten
tabeta-koto ga arimasu (+Unit
I have been eating tabtte imashita/imasu (+Unit
I ate
tabemashita
I had eaten
tabemashita
I had already eaten tabete shimaimashita
I had once eaten
tabeta-koto ga arimashita
I had been eating
tabete imashita

sha-chO-san

OK?

wa kinO kara

maybe Wednesday
would be better.

In that

ne.

I'll get in touch with the

-Thank

sha-

shimasu. Ato-de m0 ichi-do

o-denwa-shimasu.

case, please come on

Wednesday.

i'i

renraku-shimashO.

-O-negai

be back on Wednes-

day.

President

J5, sO shite kudasai. Sassoku,

ni

Unfortunately, he went to

-Then,

desu.

Sui-y6bi no h0 ga

chO

Presi-

dent?

day.

ni kaeru hazu

-Sore-dewa,
kamo shiremasen

-On
able to meet your

He is to

e shutchO-shite imasu.

Sui-yObi

E)

place on Tuesday.

Tokyo on business yester-

T0ky0

16

until Monday.
I'm supposed to go to your

ni au-koto ga

ni

Zannen-nagara, sha-chO

tr>

John Smith of U. S.
-I'm
Electric. I'm now in
Kyoto. I plan to be here

Is that

dekimasu ka?

1Z

Export

sochira e iku-koto ni
shimasu ga, yoroshi.i desu ka?
l.i desu. O-denwa o matte imashita.
-Ka-yObi,

compare the two.

of the

Good. W'e've been waiting

for your caII.
Tuesday, would I be

Ka-ydbi

lb"d6]) perr]er

-Hello, Osaka Electric?

May I have Mr. Kato,
Department?
Kato speaking.

ga....

-Watashi

Director

o-negai-shimasu.

KatO desu

1I1

,#.

NAGARA

ZANNEN

Impdtfect vs. Perfect

lnelish

Vnit 22

FS

right away.
you. I'll call

again later.

you

Unit 22

1Ir2 UniI 22 LL

NW

llr?

Olook & Learn

,i

Nanl ni shimasu ka?

([hat

ao.

\Mould you like?)

Chikyu
dame
da16

blue; green
Cf. ao blue,/green color
the earth
(Cph) (Na) no good
(Plain Form of deshO)

Itarib

(<-Italian ltalia) ltalY

itsu-demo

al any time --+U-4 FS

iw.
kaiwa

to

kane metal;
Cf. o-kane

Den-den-kdsha Japan Telegraph and

sut6ki

katsu

@GM
ebi'furai

hanbDgZ

Telephone Corporation

e.g. Kdtsii-kdsha JaPan

Travel Bureau; Senbai-

tive)

saki-hodo

: i . (modest; used for

First Person and his
family, etc.)
some time ago (:s1L;;

dewa arimasen amfis/arc

not -+U-7 KS

Shizd

Caesat, Julius (100-44 s.c.)

shdjiki-na

honest

dewa arimasen deshita

shuppan-sha

denpO

telegraph

dewa

(Verbal Particle

in

Nega-

was/were not -+U-10 KS

dewa

w
raisu

--+FS

or.

Corporation

Gagdrin

nai am/isfarc

not

-sha ,..company, flrm

dewa nakatta was/were

terekkusu <-telex

not (P1ain Po.tn; '-+FS

Gagarin, Yurii AlekseYe-

toranjisutS-rajio <-transistor radio

yasashi.i easy; gentle, kind

(<-Dutch glos) glass (the

material)

Cf. gurasu <-glass (cup)

postcard

hdsd-kyoku broadcasting station

hds6 (Nv) broadcast;

pan

shuppan (Nv) publish

shuppatsu (Nv) start

1934-68)

hagaki

publishing company

(Plain Form) --FS

vich (Russian cosmonaut;

garasu

money

to win, conquer, overcome

kat.
keiyaku (Nv) contract
(o-)kure (Plain Form of kudasai)

k6sha Japan Monopoly

sarada

moneY

mochi <-mot'

Cf. -kdsha Corporation

kard-raisu

conversation

kane-mochi richness, rich Person

+FS

@@ery

say

(Nv)

'kyoku

office,. bureau

yunyU ,(Nv) import

Cf. yushutsu (Nv) export

Unit 23

TAPE

b,f"v

Structures

@-B

1.

He said, "I'1I leave on Saturday."

He says he'lI leave on Saturday.

J.

Do you

1. Kare wa "Do-yO(bi) ni shuppatsu-suru,, to iimashita.

2. Kare wa Do-yo(bi) ni shuppatsu-suru to itte imasu.
3. (Anata wa) kore wa daiyamondo da to omoimasu ka?

4.

-lie,

think this is a diamond?

glass.
-No, I think it is
Mr. Tanaka thinks this is a diamond.

to omotte

*More Examples For Practice

E Shiz6 wa "Kita, mita, katta," to iima-

imasu.

shita.

E j N wa [sentence] to iimashita.
E

Construction @, N can seldom be

son, since it would be strange to
say, ,f

Thus Japanese rarely say Watashi wa

'hva
"......" to itte imasu ka?

,,.

to iimashita.

person or Second per_

. . . . .,, ,, wouldnrt

it?

,,......,, to itte
imasu, or Anata

a crear distinction between direct and

indirect quotations, speech is usually quoted
as it was spoken, as in
English direct quotation. y,/plain Forms (+fS)
are preferred in the

subordinate fsentence].

Kare wa Y6roppa
Kare

wa

e iku

to itte

imasu.

Porutogaru-go wa muzukashi'i

-lie,

ka?

amari muzukashi.ku-na.i to omoi-

(Anata wa) kare wa shdjiki da to omo-

Nthinks[sentence].

in the

imasu

"I

came,

conquered." (Veni,

is

blue."
I told Father I wanted a car,
but he told me no.
E He says he is going to
Europe.

He says Portuguese

is

diffi-

cult.

Do ybu think Japanese is

difficult?

(Anata wa) Nippon-go wa muzukashi'i

to omoimasu

tid,i, aici.)
Gagarin, the Russian cosmo-

imasu.

masu. Yasashi.i desu.

rn this construction, omow' takes the forms

omotte imasu, omotte
imashita, etc. rather than omoimasu,
omoimashita, etc. when N is
Third Person' Again, v'/plain Forms (+FS>
are preferred
subordinate lsentencel.

Shikashi, chichi wa, dame

to iimashita.

to itte

Japanese does not make

da

Caesar said,

naut, said, "The earth

Watashi wa chichi ni, jiddsha ga hoshi.i

First

say,

to iimashita.

says, "[sentence].',

saw,

So-ren no Gagdrin wa "ChikyU wa ao.i,"

N said, "fSentence]."

In the

1l'5

garasu da to omoimasu.

Tanaka-san wa daiyamondo da

while

KS

ka?

-Hai, sd omoimasu.
(Watashi wa) kare wa konai to omoimasu.

Itaria-jin wa Nippon-jin wa kane-mochi

da to omotte imasu.

I don't think it's so

-No.
difficult. It's easy.
Do you think he is honest?

-Yes,

think

so.

don't think he

will

Italians think that

are rich.

come.

JaPanese

It

Unit 23

FS

Unit,23

O Further Study

OGonversation

Pli&n'f'orms

SORE WA

,V" is, in fact, the polite style of colloquial Japanese, while V" is the
frlnk or unadorned style. Accordingly, when you want to speak plainly,
you can use the v" forms instead of the v' forms and occasionally put
sentence-ending particles (+unit 27 FS> after vn. Desu, deshita, etc.
a'lso have

I.

their respective Plain Forms as shown

beiow.

-KatO-san

,*i

YO.KATTA! ' (AJranging The Visit)

desu ne. Jon Sumisu

,.

Saki-hodo wa o-denwa dOmo arigatO

I'm John Smith.

-Mr. Kato?
you
your catrl.
for
Thank
got
in touch
immediately
I
He
our
boss.
said he
with

gozaimashita. Sassoku T0ky0

definitely wants to meet you.

desu.

sha-chO

Plain Forms of 'N/N(a) desu'

ni denwa-shimashita.

no

fmperfect

N/N(a)

orimasu. Sui-yObi no nan-ji goro

yoroshi.i desho ka?

Negative

N/N(a) dewa

da

nai

i
-ltsu-demo
i.

N/N(a) datta

Perfect

N/N(a) dewa nakatta

NB: The interrogative form of 'N/N(a) da'is not 'N/N(a)

simply 'N/N(a) ka?'

II.

Plain Forms of

jrl

'A.i

da

J6, san-ji

-Sui-yObi

no gogo ni sha-ch6-san

au-koto ni narimashita.

leave

offiesu. Plain Forms other than

those

shown above arel

V.6 for V.mash6; N o (o-)kure for N o kudasai;

V.te/V.nai de for V.te/V.nai de kudasai; dar6 for desh6;
ikenai / nar ana i/sh i rena i f or

ke m

When are you going

visit Osaka Electric?

asen/na r masen/sh i remasen

i

Toranjisutd-rajio no yunyU no
keiyaku ga dekiru

to

omoimasu.

Sore wa yo.katta desu ne.

and

to

been arranged that I'm

-It's
going
meet the Presi-

to

dent W'ednesday af ternoon.

I think I'tl be able to get

the import contract for

the transistor radios.
That's

good.

narimashita ka?

Perfectie.UttalA.ku-na.katta
NB: In effect, you simply

ni kimemashd.

since

the day before yesterday.

Osaka Denki niwa itsu iku-koto ni

lA.ku-na.i

Kaoru Tanaka?

This is John.
I've been in Kyoto

-Moshi-moshi,
desu ka? Jon desu.

Negative

o'clock.

-Hello,

desu.

Ototoi kara KyOto ni imasu.

Affirmative I

time would be flne.

-Any
Then let's make it at three
**.{<

Tanaka Kaoru-san

desu'

Imperfectla.i

ga

***

ka? but

What time on Wednesday

wiII be eonvenient for you?

Sha-

chO wa zehi anata ni o-ai-shitai to itte

Affirmative

C ltl

ni

VA

festival in Kyoto

Unit 23

148 Unit 23 LL

NW

ILg

OLook & Learn

'l

Cofrrnunieation Media

aini

in

order to

meet

<--aw'

rrlaixu

modan-r1a <-modern

-_+KS

(Nv) <--6rrangs
arubaito (Nv) (<-German Arbeit)
sitle Fb; part-time job

arenji

I with a view t0...

o-jikan (your) time (to spare for

'.;.ni

zasshi

(Nv)

<--date

ralto

am

OOzo. (CPh) Please (come

O-iikan ga arimasu ka?

Do you have the time (to

in).; Here it is.; WhY not?

spare me)?

please

romanchikku-na <-romantic
shinagara while doing... -+KS
to take; bring fSomething]
tor.

+p.

...? (Polite)

terebi

Jikan ga arimasen'
busy.

D6zo yoroshi'ku. (Cph)

Pleased to meet You.
go-zonji desu ka? (Cph) Do You know

ikaga

me)

byltifuru-na <-beautiful

deto
d1zo

<-Mike

g3

e.g. TenPura wa ikaga?

Wirudo Erekutorikku +-World Electric

wasure. to forget

How would You like tem-

Yamada (family

pura?

yor'

(Cph) How'.'?

Oki-san no go-bY6ki wa
ikaga desu ka? How is

name)

to approach
...ni yor. to droP in;
stop over

your mother's illness?

lkeda

(family name)

Boku and Kimi

intanashonaru-na <-international

denwa

denp0

hagaki

tegami

iroiro-na

various

jikan

time

Japanese has many Pronouns mean-

Jitsu-wa, In fact,; To tell

kaimono (Nv) shopping

the truth,

after (doing)"' -+u-28 KS

kekkon-shiki wedding

'..kara

kekkon

kaiwa
( conversation)

In addition to watashi and anata,

(Nv) marry

shiki ceremony
kontakuto (Nv) <-contact
kyatchi (Nv) <-sa1gh
Maikeru Fokkusu <-Michael Fox

ing 'I' and 'you.' Someone once

counted o'ver 50 Pronouns for 'I'
alone. Each individual chooses the
Pronoun to suit his own stYle, Posi-

tion, and occasion' But the

most

commonly used for informal conversation among men are boku (I) and
kimi (you). These, however, are

distinctly masculine forms

would not be used bY women.

and

Unit.24

'&

TAPE

;,.

@;B

O Key Structures
1.

Watashi wa koko e anata ni aini kimashita.

2.

Tanaka-san wa k6en

sanpo

ni

KS

151

,F"

1. I've come here to meet You.

2, Mr. Tanaka went to the park for a 'n4alk'
3. I'll see this fiIm and then go home.
4. Shall I go buY some cigarettes?

ikimashita.

Watashi wa kono eiga o mite kaerimasu.

4. iTabako o katte kimashO ka?
3.

*More Examples For Practice

V.ni ik./kuru/kaer.

go/come/return to do. . .

go/comefreLurn

Do you remember the Verbal Nouns

Since

"ft.

V.t-d,.Ueing

like '-ing,' this

for

(doing) N

can be replaced

by ,N ni.'

go/comefreturn after doing.

..

Construction means, ,to go/come/return

Already, we have seen some ways to combine words, such as N+N

(+Unit 1).' So you may be wondering how to combine two V's. Use
'V.te V.' As for Na/A+Na/A +Unit 2T E.

'V,.te \Ir' can mean two things: O V, and V, at the same time or
@ Y' after V,. Thus E can mean either 'go etc. -ing' (+Unit g E)
or 'go etc. after -ing.' If you want to mean situation @ explicitly,
use 'V,.te kara Yr'..If you want to mean Situation @ expliciily, you

Va' In this case, the V,

V".inagara, and shinagara.

kaini

forms are V'.nagara,

go to the dePartment

o tabeni ikimashd ka?

Eiga o mini ikitai desu'
Nippon e benkY6'shini kimashita.

morrow.

Yamada'san wa kaban o wasuremashita'

bag.

ni ikimash6
Eiga ni ikitai desu.
Nippon e benkY6 ni kimashita'
ka?

Shokuji

Shall we go have lunch?

I want to go and see the flIm'

to JaPan to studY.
Yamada forgot to bring his
came

He has gone home to get it.

lo

I
I

Shall we go for something

eat?

want to Bo to a fikn.
came

to Japan to

studY.

Jon-san wa imdto-san no kekkon'shiki ni

John went back to America

for his sister's wedding.
'W'hy don't we go shopping?

Amerika e kaerimashita.

E I'lI

Kaimono

E I'Il

store to buy a dress shirt to-

lma (ie e) torini kaerimashita'

-ing.'Cf. tr

can use 'Vr.h?gdt?

wai-shatsu

Hiru-gohan

V..i/V" (+Unit18FSI.(3)>?

V.ni in E is V".ini or V'.ni, it

V.te ik./kuru/kaer.

, ikimasu.

For how to make V.ni forms, +FS.

N ni ik-/kuru/kaer.

Ashita depdto

ni ikimasen

ka?

o shite kaerimasu'
Tabako o katte kite kudasai.
Gohan o tabete kimashita ka?

Koko de shokuii

-lie,

mada desu.

Watashi no im6to no apato wa koko

desu. Chotto Yotte ikimasen ka?

have something to eat

I'll go home/before
dnd
here
go
hgme.
I
Please go buy some cigarettes'

Have you eaten Your lunch?

Yet.
-No, not sister's
aPartment'
This is my

Why don't we visit her for

a while?

152 Unit 24

Unix24

FS

O Further Study

153

OConversation

't

i,l

to Make Y.ni

How

I.!v"

Cf.

Forms

V.nrosu +Unit 8 FS

(Vowei-ending Verbs)

e.g.

l' v".=ffi
IL,, V"

oki.

(Consonant-ending Verbs)

u",*
I

tabe.--+ tabeni

Cf. Sound Law (1) +Unit s FS

e.g. kak. --+ kakini

ffi.ffi

YOIT].

-> yomini

mat. -* machini

aw.

III. V" (Irregular

-> okini

-->

aini

NB: There is no V.ni form for

This is our President, Mr.

Kochira, Y0-esu Erekutorikku no Jon

Ikeda.

Sumisu-san desu.

U. S. Electric.

This

of Foreign 'W-ords

-Hajimemashite.
desu. DOzo

!t

did you Iike Kyoto?

-How nice. I saw a lot of

-Very

temples and shrines.

nice.

-That's
By the waY, do You know
Mr. Michael Fox of World
Electric?

I
-Yes,
well'

lish adjectives, such as int6nashonaru-na (international), byiitifuru-na

(beautiful), romanchikku-h? (romantic), and modan-na (modern); but we
also make Nv out of all manner of foreign words. For example, there are
kyatchi-suru (to catch), kontakuto-suro (to contact), dto-suru (to date),

(to arrange), arubaito-suru (to have a side job), and many

no Maikeru Fokkusu-san o go-zonji

-E,

really Japanese and sometimes even abbreviate these borrowed words.

imasu.

to itte imashita ga"

Asu o-jikan ga arimasu

-Hai,

ka?

gozaimasu.

Sore-ja, zehi kOjO mo mite kaette

kudasai.

f6st, I met Mr. Fox

-[nin TokYo.
you? Is Mike here
-Did
already? He said he was
coming to Japan for a

Are you free tomorrow?

desu ka? Maiku wa mo NiPPon ni

-SO
kite imasu ka? NiPPon e terebi no

keiyaku ni iku

know him verY

television contract.

T6kyO de Fokkusu-san

-Jitsu-wa,
to atte kimashita.

more.

To confuse you $till further, we pronounce these as though they were

ka?

yo'ku shitte

Smith. Glad

You.

Yoroshi'ku'
-sumisu
wa ikaga deshita ka?
-_Kyoto
desu. lroiro-na o-tera ya
-Yo.katta
jinja o mite kimashita.

desu

of

do you do?

-Sore
Tokoro-de, W6rudo Erekutorikku
kuru.

is Mr. John Smith

-Hovrname is
-My
to meet

wa yo.katta desu ne.

wd' have Japanized quite a number of foreign word.s and are creating
more new (?) words every day. Not only do we make Na out of Eng-

arenji-suru

SHA.CH0-(Viqiting The company)

Kochira wa sha-chO no lkeda desU.'

Verbs)

suru -----+ shini

Japanization

KOCHTRA

WA

"

am.

-Yes,please

If

so,

look around our

factory before You return to

Td,kyo.

VKeihin industrial area

1s[

UniL 24 LL

Unit 24

OLook & Learn

Anata wa

(Will

you

do

155

New Words For UNIT,2+"

o# UyrYour Way
Watashi wa

NIV

(N) between, during,

aida

--+p. 179

.ni ikimasu. (I'll go to do

.te kaerimasu ka?
on your way home?)

massugu,

bang (sound

batan

of a door as

it is closed)
(Nv) foreign

boeki
bu-bu

o mi.

lr II tl II
II ll II rI

mte.
,,
!
mizu-umi

gachan

clock)
(sound

of

of

tr tt tl tl

crashing, break-

me0w

ogy6-ogyd
ongaku

music

bTru

(:y6)

Zzzz...

ik.

to go (V.te form: itte)

...e/ni ik. to go to...
...o ik. to go along...

kado

corner (seen from outside)

Cf, sumi corner (seen from

inside)

o nomi

(crying of a baby)
Cf. ongaku-ka musician

errand, business

cu-gu

Iake

nyE-nyd

ing)
go-y6

Cf. kuro black color

(N(a)/Adv) straight
to be visible -+KS
mizu water; umi sea
Cf. ike pond

trade

(hooting/honking sound)

chikku-takku tick-tock (sound

eiga

space

oto

sound

-to

but...
(Suffix to derive Adv from

(N) the first

saisho
<-centet
senta
Sumimasen ga, (Cph) Excuse me,
onomatopoetic/mimetic

words)

O.kado

urusa.

noisy, annoying

wakar.

to be perceptible
...ga wakar. to understand

wan-wan
yane

bow-wow

--+KS

y0
kanban
kangae

tomodachi
Sumisu-san

signboard, billboard
thought, idea

Cf. kangae. to think

ni aw.

kikoe.

+U-18 FS I. (3)
to be audible +KS

kimochi

feeling
(sound of a

kin

jet airplane

flying)
voice

koe

koke-kokk6 cock-a-doodle-doo
kon-kon (sound of someone knock-

ing at the door)

kuro.

black

roof
errand, business 1:y6ji)

Unit 25

Do you understand JaPanese?

O Key

Structures

tomorrow?
-I d.on't know.
You can see Mt. Fuji from here' : ']

1. Anata wa Nippon-go ga wakarimasu ka?

'r. -Hai, sukoshi wakarimasu.
2. Anata wa asu koko e kimasu ka?
r' .
-Wakarimasen.
3. Koko kara Fuji-san ga miemasu.
4. Tonaii no heya kara kirei-na ongaku ga kikoemasu.
N wa fSomething] ga wakar.
'To know'is expressed by shitte

*More

understands fSomething].

i. (+Unit

16

tr>. Shitte i.,

li

l'

-.lie, zenzen wakarimasen'

lish?

Watashi wa TOkyO Eki ga wakarimasen'

wakarimasen.

is

no kimochi ga

chi ga wakarana'i to omotte imasu'

Watashi no heya no mado kara T6kYd

o wakar.., It

N (ni)wa fsomething,

{ilI"""

means, 'For

lgirisu-jin wa, Nippon-jin wa inu no kimo-

English PeoPle think JaPanese don't understand dogs'

feelings.

EI

can see TokYo Tower

from my window.
Do you see that signboard?
Beyond the lake is seen the

Ano kanban ga miemasu ka?

Mizu-umi no mukd ni mori ga miemasu'

your airplane?
very clearly.

Hora, taki no oto

these

don't
Station is.
don't know either.
-I
I don't understand what You
are thinking.
I know just how You feel'

forest.

-Hai,

IhearsJ

at aII.
-No, not
knovr where Tokyo

Tawd ga miemasu.

Hik6-ki kara Fuji-san ga miemashita

Yo'ku miemashita.

fsees
'1.
I fsomethingl.

Mie. means 'to be visible,' and kikoe. 'to be audible.' Compare

to mi. meaning 'to watch/look (at)' and kik., 'to listen (to).'

yo.ku wakarimasu.

Do you understand Eng-

unnatural to have no knowledge of your own intentions. Instead, you

would say wakarimasen-wakar. meaning'to be percep Lible/ noLiceable/

Anata wa Ei-go ga wakarimasu ka?

(Watashi wa) anata

is 'fsomething] ga wakar'.' This construction E literally

N, fsomething] is anatyzablefunde?standable.'

(,r

For Practice

slightly different from 'to know.' Being asked, "Do you plan to come
tomorrow?", you may answer in English, "I don't know.', But in Japa_
nese you would not say, "shirimasen" (+Unit 16 FS), because it is

analyzable/understandable.' You cannot say 'fsomething]

i

it

ExamPles

mo wakarimasen'
-Watashi
(Watashi wa) anata no kangae ga

how-

ever, means 'to have a knowledge (of.. .), and, strictly speaking,

tl

Beautiful music is audible from the next room'

Are you coming

:!d"'

157

1 ..t

-Yes,alittle.

'rt

KS

ga kikoemasu'

Kotori no koe mo kikoemasu'

Yo.ku kikoemasen.

ka?

Could you see Mt. Fuji from

-Yes,

Listen, we hear the sound of

the waterfall.
'We
hear birds chirping, too'
I can't hear You verY well'

158 Unit 25 FS

Unit 25

O Further Study

OConversation

't

SI.IMMARY OF HOMONYMOUS POSTPOSITIONALS

(Preceded by)

Group/Placel /

naka /

(Followed by)

uchi

U-29

u-15

tr

-sumimasen
doko desh6

u-27 E@

u.9 @
u-e tr
u-12

1t

U-28

u-28

EA

u-24

l
I

I U-2e
U.14

trtzt FS
E

1U.22 EAE,
I U-27 trtzt

Ii

u.5 a,

-B6eki

Senti o

sagashite imasu.

Sentd...? A, shitte imasu.

Asoko ni, hora, kuro'i biru ga
B6eki

u-24 A

ne.

Sono migi-gawa no

michi o massugu ikimasu.

matte kudasai. Ano aka'i

yane no ie to kuro'i biru no aida

-Chotto

no michi desu
SO

desu.

ka?

Soshite, saisho no kado o

hidari ni magarimasu.

u-e tr

u-l tr, U-15 trtr

IS

entence]

trtr

u-zL @, U-23 ts

-DOmo
lie.

me, but where is

-Excuse
the Trade Center?
Pardon? I don't understand
English.
speaking in JaPanese'
-I'm
Oh, you are? What do You
want?

looking for the Trade

-I'm
Center. Do you know
where it is?

The Trade Center? Yes, I

know. Over there, look, You
see

Sugu wakarimasu yo.

u.23

go-YO

ka?

miemasu

trtr
u.11 trtrtr
u-3 trtr, u-5 trtr
!u4 a, u.17 FS rlr.

t'

desu

Nan no

Shirimasen ka?

u-ze

il

E? A, so desu ka?

u.5 tr, U-11 tr

wa Nippon-go de hanashite

imasu ga. ..

u-15 tr, U.20 Etr

I u-19 trFS, U.26 FS.
IU-30 FS

'

E? Watashi wa Ei-go ga wakarimasen.

-Watashi

tr

ga, BOeki Senta wa

ka?

arigat0.

159

,S.
(Asking The Way)

GA....

SUMIMASEN

that black building, don't

you? Go straight along the

road to the right of that
building.

-W'ait

moment. You mean

the street between that

house with the red roof

and the black building?

Right- Then turn left at the
flrst corner. You can't miss
ft.
you.

-Thank
Not at all.

VTokyo World Trade Center

Unit 25

160 Unit 25 LL

NW

161

Olook & Learn

'rl

Sbrrnds

And Noises Everywherg

antena
ar.

o.r

<-antenna
to exist, staY, be

..'ga

ar'

@ There be "

(Inanimate) -+U-3

@ to have'.' -+KS
V'ta-koto ga ar' -+U-17

atama
chigaw'
Gachan!

t,

Chikku-takku!

efu-emu

gan-ka
ge-ka
ha
hana
hara
heso
hi
ita.i

Wan-w an!

Gu-gu.....

Nyz-ny6!

^.._R ru

surgery
tooth

These can be used as Adverbs

by putting -to after

them.

stomach

sanpuru

-sel

seihin

product, manufactured

bellY, stomach
navel

daytime; the sun

Painful, s61s -tLL

Population
woman

goods

sec-

seishin-ka
sekai

sekai-jil

Cf. dansei man

all over/through...
kami (no ke) hair (on the scalp)
hair; feathers; fur
ke

<-sample

back (of the bodY)

se ga taka'i talt
se ga hiku'i short
made in/bY...

nose

seki

psychiatrics

world

(N) all over

(Ny) cough
dentistrY

eye
ear
<--model

ude

arm

chest, bosom

usagi

rabbit

yogore'

to get dirty

yubi

finger;

mouth

nami

wave

Naruhodo.

(Cph)

...niwa

--+KS

nodo

throat

see.; Indeed'

the world

seki ga de' to cough

shi-ka
supikd
tanpa
tsuma
tsume

musume daughter; Young girl

--+U-7 LL
internal medicine
nai-ka

Ba'an'

NB:

-jU

kuchi
me
mimi
moderu
mune

Ogy6-ogydl

onaka

falher -'+U-7 LL
purasuchikku <--Plastic
sanfujin-ka obstetrics and gynecology

oPhthalmologY

jinkd
josei

B-u'b0!

okur.

ot6-san

<--FM

tion, ENT dePartment

neat;

t6.i/tdku no far.)
to send

to difrer

jibiinkO-ka ear, nose' and throat

(this is used onlY as a

Fredicative; to modifY N,
it should be d'ku no'
Some other Adjectives like
this are: chika'i/chika'ku

no

head

Chigaimasu' (CPh) No,

not that.

many, much, PlentY

<-(loud) sPeaker
short wave (radio)
vrife -+U-7 LL

' nail;

claw

toe

Unii 26

'"{ ',,
a Key Structures

TAPE @18

1. Kono kamera wa rena) ga purasuchikku desu.

Z Keiko-san wa me ga kirei desu.
3. Watashi wa atama ga ita.i desu.
r[. Kono ningyd wa te ga ugokimasu.
5. Watashi (ni)wa otOto ga arimasu.

desu.

your description. These constructions are used when you want to make
a :statement about N as a whole, choosing some point/detail/pafi/aLtri-

wa jinkd ga 6'i desu.

Fuyu wa hi ga mijika'i desu.
Fuyu no umi wa nami ga taka'i desu.
Anata wa ha ga kirei desu.
Ano hito wa ot6-san ga Yiimei desu.
Ano hito wa oji-san ga seiji-ka desu.

bute as representative of N.

Watashi no ie wa tonari ga hon-ya desu.

r-)
A I N wa lPartl ga Von

Nippon
i

-l

rf;

ri

First say 'N wa' to draw the listener's attention to what you are to
describe, specify the point/detail/parL of N with ga, and then complete

I
i

N' wa [Detail/Part] ga N,/N(a)/A.i

N, (ni)wa N, ga ar./i.

N'

Kono kaisha wa sha-chd

has Nr.

Obviously, this Construction is based on the same premise as

E. This is used when N,

'has' N,

tn the English usage,

and

eyes.

Japan has a large population.

W-inter days are short.
'W'aves
are high on the winter
sea.

You have beautiful teeth.

That person has a

famous

father.
person's uncle is a politician.
There is a bookstore next to

That

my house.
This company has a woman
president.

@ Yamada has a daughter

who got married last year.

kekkon-shimashita.

My

ni

cannot 'own/possess/hold

ga josei desu.

I A rabbit has red

John has long hair.
Smith is clever.
That person is tall.

Yamada-san wa musume-san ga kyonen

Watashi

although N,

in the hand' Nr. For example, when you say,

"I have a brother," you cannot be the owner of your brother, neither
are you actually. holding your brother in your hands. This is when you
use this Construction <'With N,, N, exists.').
When N, is animate, i. as well as ar. is used. Cf. Unit 3 E.

163

1. This camera has a Plastic lens.

2. Keiko has beautiful eyes.
3. Ihaveaheadache.
4. The arms of this doll move.
5. I have a younger brother.

*More Examples For Practice

E Usagi wa me ga aka'i desu.
Jon-san tva kami ga naga'i desu.
Sumisu-san wa atama ga i'i desu.
Ano hito wa se ga taka'i desu.

KS

wa kodomo ga kotoshi daigaku

hairimasu.

T6kyd wa kawa ga Yogorete imasu'

Watashi (ni)wa tsuma ga arimasu.
Watashi-tachi (ni)wa kodomo ga arima'
sen.

son,/daughter

will

enter

college this year.

The rivers in Tokyo are dirty.

plhaveawife.

'We

don't have any children.

161 Unit 26

FS

Ur,it 26

O Further Study

OGonversation
'.

,t

SuTnrtrary

of N wa... ga...

Construcf;ions

E,

Kore ga atarashi.i moderu desd.

Jitsu-wa, kinO BOeki

ar./i. <v>
deki. (V)
mie./kikoe. (V)
wakar. (V)
jdzu/heta (N(a))
suki/kirai (N(a))
hoshi.i <A.i>
hajimete (N)
other N/N(")/A-|
other V

+u-26 E
+u-18 E
+u-25 a
+U-25 E
+u-18
+u-20
+U-zo
+U-1e
+u-26
+U-26

El

-Kono

Trade Center yesterday.

isn't it?
this radio get short

Good radio,

-Does

wave?

deshO?

rajio wa tanpa ga hairimasu

ka?

Yes, of course. This catches

short wave from all over the
world. It gets FM, too.

the speaker made in

-IsEngland?

E, mochiron. Sekai-jU no tanPa

[a]

kyatchi-shimasu. Efu-emu mo hairimasu

No. W'e make the speakers

here, too.

yo.

-This

E
E
B

ga lgirisu-sei
-Kore wa suprk6

desu

ka?

lie, chigaimasu. Supikd mo uchi

+u-17 E

de

radio doesn't have an

antenna, does it?

Yes, it does, Look, here.

-Oh, I

see.

will you send a sam-Well,

ple
of this to New York?

I think we'll end uP im-

tsukutte
rajio niwa antena ga
imasu.

ar. (v)

,l

see. To tell you the

-I truth,
I saw this at the

kimashita.

rajio

,*.

This is our new model.

Sent6 de kono seihin o mite

l.i

165

($igning The Contract)

MOCHIRON.

-Naruhodo.

porting this

model.

-Kono

arimasen ne?

III.

lie, arimasu
deki. (V)

+U-18

IV.

-4,
-Ja,

fozu/heta (N(a))
suki/kirai (N(a))
hajimete (N)

+u18 E
+u-20 E
+U-1e E

yo.

Hora, kore desu.

naruhodo.
{<{<*

kono sanpuru

o Ny[-YOku e

okutte kudasai. Tabun kore

yunyU-suru-koto
omoimasu.

ni naru to

o
(Courtesy of Matsushita Electric

Industrial Co., Ltd.

Unit 26

166 Unit 26 LL

NW

167

Olook & Learn

tt'i'

il

Paits Of Your Body

akaru.i
ama.

...nodesu
o-shigoto

light, bright
Cf. kura'i dark
sweel

t*."1
61. +LL

ama.kute
-chd

tr"u6

and +KS

e.g. sha-cho President of

,l

,sen,r!
"

sha-in

atama ga il

desu.
sora

sky,

gaku-chd president of a college or

suru

O to do @ to play (sPort)
@ to decide @ (Suffix to
make V out of Nv) @ to
*aks +KS
...o suru to do/play...
...ni suru to decide on...

jo-ky6ju
joshu
ka-chd

me ga ita.i
mimi ga ita.i

seki ga de.

ha ga ita.i
onaka ga ita.i

Nai-ka

+LL

about...

ashi ga ore.
onaka ga

mune ga

6ki.ku natta

N-suru to do N
N, o N,/N(a) ni suru
+KS
N o A.ku suru -+KS

+LL

kindai modern age

Gan-ka

-teki-na

uma.i

musuko

1""1u1s1

+LL

professor --+LL
son -+U-7 LL

to become; result (in)

A.ku nar. to become A
+KS
...ni nar' to become...

Shi-ka
Jibiink6-ka

*KS

V.u-/V.nai-koto ni nar'

Sanfujin-ka

+tJ-22
Seishin-ka

nemu.

sleepy

(Suffix to make Na) -like

delicious; nice; success-

ful; skillful

kokusai-teki-na international

k6shi
kydju

heaven

+U-22

hontd no... true..'

associateprofessor--+LL
assistant +LL
section .his1 +LL

kakari-chO chief clerk

kindai-teki-na modern

nodo ga ita.i

truth

kitana.i dirly, polluted

Ge-ka

of a comPanY

business, work, job

honto

;?

employee

shigoto

Cf. ...goro about lTimel

hira(-sha-in) mere clerk, employee

Where to go in the hospital

week

e.g. Watashi wa kaisha-in

desu. Gakken no sha-in

important

university

sen-shl last

..., and --+KS

furanku-na <-frank

...gurai

to tell the doctor where it hurts:

ga ita.i desu.
Watashi wa _

last...

Cf. kaisha-in companY employee (as an occupation)

of a universitY

0 How

(your) business (:561to,o,

sen-getsu last month

a company; eki-ch6 station

master; kd-chd school Principal; gaku-ch6 President

daiji-na
.. .de

--+FS

zutto

uma.ku ik. to go well,

work out nicely, succeed
all the wayfLime', by far
---er

X wa Y yori zutto 6ki'i

desu. X is much bigger
than Y.

Unit 27

TAPE Cd18

a Key $tructures

1. Watashi wa shOrai isha ni narimasu.

2. Watashi wa nemu.ku narimashita.
3. Chichi wa watashi o isha ni shimashita.
4. Kpno meron wa ama.kute oishi.i desu.
5. EmirT-san ga piano o hiite, Biru-san ga uta o utaimasu.
E

N' wa N, nilN(a).nilA.ku nar.

Nar. means 'to become.'

Na (+Unit 9

E)

It

N'

is preceded

becomes

*More Examples For Practice

tr Tdky6 no sora wa kitana'ku narima'

N,/Na/A.

N'

makes

dsaka no machi wa kirei-ni narimashita'

The streets

Sen'getsu kare wa bydki ni narimashita.

He got

genki-ni narimashita ka?

(4,

A,

*
N",i

fSentence'J

[sentencer]

Watashi wa anata o shiawase-nishimasu.

o daiji'ni shimasu.

.t*V.te

tsumori deshita. Shikashi, musuko wa

ga-ka ni narimashita.
\

lo"l*lsentence,l
N(a) J
I

a.ku(te)

,J

When you want to combine two sentences, change the flnal part of
the flrst sentence as shown.

desu.

o kirei'ni shite kudasai.

Heya o atataka'ku shite kudasai.
Shizuka-ni shite kudasai.
Watashi wa musuko o isha ni suru

This shows how to combine two Adjectives.

ni naritai

Heya

A'.ku(te)t tAz
t+l [Na,
N(a), de J

tN",

ni naritai desu ka?

Nippon-jin wa inu

N, N,/Na/A.

The sky has become dirtY

in

Anata wa nani

suru.

shita.

-MO

by the Adverbial forms of A/

or 'N ni.'

N' wa Ne o Nsni/N(a).ni/A.ku

169

1. I'11 become a doctor in the future.

2. I got sleepy.
3. Father made me a doctor.
4. This melon is sweet and delicious.
5. Emily plays the piano, and Bill sings.

-sensei

KS

Kono heya wa hiro'kute akaru'i desu.

Ano hito wa shinsetsu de sh6jiki desu.

E Watashi

wa T6kyd e itte, Tanaka-san ni

au tsumori desu.
Usagi wa mimi ga naga'kute, me ga

aka.i

desu.

Tokyo.

of Osaka have

become clean'

ili

last month'

he recovered now?
-Has you want to be?
What do

want to be a teacher.
-I I'll
make you haPPY'
f
Japanese

take good care of

dogs.

Clean the room, Please.

Make the room warm, Please.
Be quiet.
I wanted to.make mY son a
doctor, but he became a Painter.

S This room is sPacious and

Iight.
He is kind and honest.
EI

plpn to go to Tokyo and

meet Tanaka there.
A rabbit has long ears and

red

eyes.

170 Unit

Unit 27

27 FS

O Further Study

OGonversation

,*.

:il

i_

Sente4ce-ending Particles
Colloquial Japanese
\-

& Forms

has some special particles and forms

to

end

tences, Some of these that are used in 'plain' speaking are listed
Be careful, however, because there is a clear distinction between
used

by men and those used by

Form of

women.

Masculine

Meaning or Function

Calling particular atten.

tion to the statements

+Unit 23 FS

wane

I Ast ing the listener's

VPIN/N(a)/A.i
VP/Plain Forms

+NB

(2)

Osaka wa do deshita ka?

(3)

:ka? +Unit 4 E

-E,

yo'katta

kitana.i

deshO?

-lie,

n'da I
+NB (4)

I Explaining the reasons,

Osaka than theY are in

Tokyo.

in

Reatly? But the town is

very dirty, isn't it?
think so.
-No, I don't
When did TokYo become
the capital of Japan?

Demo, machi wa

About 400 years

so wa omoimasen. TOkYO

Nippon no shuto

ni natta

wa itsu

nodesu

Yon-hyaku-nen gurai mae desu ga" '

| causes, circumstances, etc.

-Naruhodo.
NB: (1) In Colloquial Japanese, V* and desu are very often followed by
yo or wa, which, in this case, may have no particular meaning.
Instead of da yo by men, simply !o alone is used by women.
(2)

If

followed by kai?, da is omitted. Cf. Unit 23 FS

I.

NB

(3) 'When kai? is preceded by an Interrogative, dai? is used instead of

kai?

(4) N'da is a Plain Form of nodesu/n'desu which has the same conjugational forms as desu.

..

Watashi wa KYOto

ya Osaka e itte, hontO no NiPPon

ga yo'ku wakarimashita.
TOkyO wa kokusai-teki de kindaiteki-na tokai desu'
Shikashi, TOkYO niwa NiPPon ga
arimasen ne.

SO deshO ka?

very much.

I think PeoPle are

-Yes.
much kinder and franker

see....

ag'o.

got a good feel

-I for the real JaPan when

I

ka?
na-/Na/A.i

Did your business go well?

thank you.
-Yes,
Did you enjoy your triP to

Really?

hito yori zutto shinsetsu de,

furanku da to omoimasu.

ka?

-Yes,

desu.

Osaka no hito wa TOkYO no

SO desu

Osaka?

SO desu ka?

Feminine

YM/YP/d&u/Plain Forms

+NB

okage-sama-de'

-Taihen

eic. Preceding

Parficle or Form

O-shigoto wa uma'ku ikimashita'kq? l

-Hai,

If

KTokyo vs. Osaka)

NARUHODO....

{#

'

visited Kyoto and Osaka.

Tokyo is indeed an international and modern citY.
But there is no 'JaPan'in
Tokyo.

Really?

VNakanoshima

'

in

Osaka

Unit 27

172 Unit 27 LL

NW ll3

OLook & Learn

We ?\re Born Equal, But...

...8?,

..., but, although..',

--+below)

-_+KS

haikingu (Nv)

DAIGAKU

sha-ch0

+-hiking

kangae-kata way of thinking

kangae' think, consider
-kata how to'.'

gaku-ch0

+U-18 FS

..,kara,

because..', -+KS

Cf.

V'te

kara after doing

... ->u-24
bu-ch0

ka-ch0

kyOju

it

<-Los (Angeles)
Rosu-anjerusg <-Los Angeles

tazune.
wariai

to ask; visit
comParalively, quite, more

or

yasum.

less

to rest; have a holidaY;

be absent; go to bed
Cf. Yasumi rest

When They Part

k0shi

joshu

is impolite to say the other person's name too much. So

we often address the listener by his or her title. For example, students
usually call their teacher "sensei," not "-san." So, "Sha-ch6 wa soko e
irasshaimasu ka?" can mean either, 'WilI our boss go there?' or 'Boss, will
you go there?' Another way to avoid this impoliteness is to refer to people
with place words. e. g. kochira (this person)
Japanese feel

Rosu

jo-kyOju

(between men)
Ma! (between women)
Ara I (between women)
Konnichiwa ! (general)
Kore wa, kore wa ! (informal)
Hai I (between Americanized people)

Ya

(hira-)sha.in

.,.na-nidgsu'=na-nodesu --+U-27 FS
*,. whY?--+KS
ndze

...keredomo, though..., --+KS

mada-mada still more; far from
being satisfactory
mata again (also used as in

When Two Japanese Meet

kaka ri-ch0

parting as "See you again."

Hisashiburil (after a long absence)

Hajimemashite! (very formal; when
meeting for the flrst time, usuallY
followed by an exchange of name
cards)

Aitakatta ! (between lovers)

! (silence)

Ja! (friendly)
Jd ne! (between Young People)
J6, mata ! (informal)
Dewa, kore-de. (quite formal)
Mata ne! (between Young People)
Bai I (between Americanized people)
Say6nara! (general)
Bai-bai I (between children)

Sore-ja! (informal, but widely used)

O-genki-del (when they Part for
quite a long time)
Sayoooonaraaaa! (when theY Part

forever)
(silence)

Unit 28 KS

i.
TAPE

1.

I was sick.
2.
3. Although I was ill, I did not stay
4. I was ill, but I went to school.

O Key Structures
Anata wa naze yasumimashita

Why were You absent?

I was iII.
-Because
I stayed home because

@rB

ka?

lts

hqme.

-By6ki datta kara desu.

ByOki datta kara, yasumimashita.

2.

*More Examples For Practice

3. 'Byoki datta keredomo, yasumimasen deshita.

4. ByOki deshita ga, gakkO e ikimashita.

(Anata wa) naze Nippon e ikimashita ka?

-Nippon-go

o benkyO-shita'katta kara

-Tsukarete
fSentence'J

Aspect

(+Unit

[Sentence'J

kara desu.

Because fSentence,J.

22 FS> is expressed

kara, [sentencer]

is

to be used only once a sentence.

Because

V"/

policeman.

tazunemashita.

E Although
went hiking.

ita keredomo,

samu. ku-na. katta desu.

usually means 'but,'

KinO

it

can also mean 'and' or

e ikimashita ga, Sat6-san ni

au-

Nippon-go wa muzukashi'i ga, omoshi-

desu.

it

was tired,

It

but it

snowed yesterdaY, but

was rather warm.

went to TokYo, I
was unable to meel Mr' Sato.
Japanese is difficult, but in-

teresting.

koto ga dekimasen deshita.

ro.

asked a

snowed yesterdaY,

Ttrou'btr

wa yuki deshita ga, wariai atata-

T6kyO

When ga is used to combine two sentences, the meaning is somewhat

it

It

wasn't so cold.

ka.katta desu.

[Sentence,] ga, lsentencer]

tso.t

haikingu ni

wa yuki datta keredomo, sonna-ni

are preferred for ending lsentence,] and

the V'/desu forms are saved for the e*nd of the whole. +Unit 23 E
above, Lhe Y* /Plain Forms

Since I'm tired, I'm not going

to go hiking with everybodY

Losing my way,

ikimashita.

this rule

-I'm
E I came to JaPan so that
I could study JaPanese.

Michi ga wakaranakatta kara, keikan ni

Tsukarete

else?

eIse.

ikimasen

KinO

ambiguous. Although

benkyO-shitai

to haikingu ni

applies when you combine two sentences to make Compound Sentences as

Because [S,], [Sr]

There is one rule concerning the usage of V"/Piain Forms and

desu. V'/desu

Watashi wa Nippon-go

Why don't you go hiking

tired.

kara, Nippon ni kimashita.

Watashi wa tsukarete iru kara, minna

Although ls,l, [S,]

wanted to study

with everybody

iru kara desu.

in the [sentence].

f$ntence,J keredomo, lSentence,]

Japanese.

Naze minna to haikingu ni ikimasen ka?

why?

What did you go to Japan

for?

-Because

desu.

17d Unit 28

UniL 28

FS

,,[

Order

+6

i As you have seen, you have more freedom in Japanese word ord.er than
in English (+Unit 6 tr>. But, you have less freedom in the word order
within a phrase. Here, the principal word order in a phrase will be reviewed and contrasted with English.

, *l
'(4"ititrt and Japanese>
MATA o-Al'SHlTAl DESU NE'
Sumisu-san, Nippon-go ga jOzu-ni'

desu. MO-sugu
kuni ni kaeru-koto ni narimashita

-lie,

mada-mada

taihen 0ki.i

benkyO-suru tsumori desu.

san-nin no

Nippon-go wa Ei-go

Osaka no

koko de nete iru

watashi ga atta

to

keredomo, omoshiro'i desu.

Nippon-jin no kangae-kata ga yo'ku

wakaru kara desu.

Watashi mo Ei-go ga j6zu-ni naritai

+Unit 30 E, E, & FS
When an N is modifled by two or more kinds of modiflers, you can put
the modifiers in any order you like. But, the word order shown in Unit

-Naze

2 FS is recommended as

-Sore

they* modify.

the most standard and therefore least confusing.

A Number functions just like an"N, and you should put no after it to
modify an N. In this case, you may have other possible word orders.
You can choose the order 'NfNumber*P(Postposition)' in place of
'Number no N+P' if the P is not ga, o, or wa. And if the P is ga or o,

'N ga/o Number,' as in san-nin no kodomo to:kodomo

san-nin to or san-nin no kodom o ga/o:kodomo ga/o san-nin.

you can say

but I think I'Il

studY
Japanese some more there.

Japanese is comPletelY
different from English, so
teresting.

It helps me understand the

Japanese way of thinking'

wish

jOzu-ni naritai nodesu ka?

e iku-koto ni natte

iru kara desu.

wa shirimasen deshita.
Amerika no dochira desu

ka?

Rosu na-n'desu.

-E? Rosu-anjerusu

desu

ka?

Hai. Amerika de mata o-ai-shitai desu

were as good at

English.

do you want to be
-Why
good at English?
I'm supposed to go to the
States next year.

didn't know that.

-I Which
part of the States?
'Rosu.'

Rai-nen Amerika

ne.

at Japanese, reallY'
I have to
-No,
go back to the States soon,
good

not really.

taihen

chigaimasu kara, muzukashi'

above chart shows, Japanese modifiers always precede the word

Mr. Smith, you've become

it's very difficult but in-

desu.

tfr"

very

ga, kaette kara mo NiPPon-go o

nete iru

narimashita ne.

0ki.i

Jon-san no

4;

171

OConversation

O Further Study
W-ord,

Oh, Los Angeles?

-Pardon?
Yes. I hope we meet again
in the States.

Unit 28

178 Unit 28 LL

NW

119

Olook & Learn

Juphn"re Orthography

To teII the truth, Japanese is not usually written in ABC. So far, you
rl

written in such an alphabet, and we believe

this form is perfectly adequate for preparing you to take part on either
have been learning Japanese

slde of a normal conversation, but

it will

do nothing for you when

it comes

time for reading or writing real Japanese.

...ato

-ch!

but, as a'qlance
I

omission had

al

any magazine or newspaper will make obvious, the

its reasons. Now, however,

it

is time to get your feet wet.

it

try lo get used to the shapes of written Japanese.

(1) To begin with, Japanese did not have any writing system until
Chinese Ideograms were adopted about flfteen centuries ago. We still

look

...9o
hoshi

star, planef

i[sho

address

fTime/Space] -+FS

-ka'getsu (N/Adv) ...nlenlhs -+FS

-ka-getsu-kan (N/Adv) for...months
Cf. Ni-gatsu February;

-kan

Chinese meaning:

(D After a while
I

Japanese began

add

sabishi.

was in JaPan
three Years.; Shinkan-

mae iPeriod of
before (N/Adv)
e.g. yon-ka-getsu mae
four months ago --+FS
(N/Adv) for...Years --+FS
(Nv) care (:sewa)
o-sewa ni nar. (CPh) to
receive others' kindness/
care e.g. O-sewa ni narimasu. Thank you for Your
kindness/care. (when You
are to beneflt from, or are
timef ago/

Japanese as well.

-nen-kan
o-sewa

at

home

lonely, lonesome
(Counter Sufhx for a Person's or an animal's age)

-sai

<N)

e.g. is'sai one Year

has-sai/hachi-sai
eight years old; jus-sai
ten years old; hatachi

twenty years

Tokvo and Hakata.

O X no mae ni before X
(Time/ Place/Action) @' . .

Chinese

KATAKANA is used today for emphasis or foreign words, like italics

in English. HIRAGANA is used most widely.

home, being not

i

lSpace] e'g' Watashi wa

o hashitte imasu' The

Shinkansen runs betw'een

This simplification, or Japanization, of Chinese Ideograms took two

forms, KATAKANA and HIRAGANA.

rusu

old; ni-jiiis-sai twentY-one Years old

(Nv) care -+o-sewa

san-nen-kan NiPPon ni

kX

of

...no (o-)sewa o suru take

care of...
(Nv) staying awaY from

months *FS
for [Time] ; between/among

sen wa T6kY6'Hakata-kan

Ideograms and to use them to indicate the sounds

Cf. Arigatd gozaimasu. vs.

Arigat6 gozaimashita.

old;

for

to simplify the original

person's kindness)

ni-ka-getsu tvro months;

ni'ka-getsu'kan for two

imashita.

to

benefltted from the other

+FS

(N/Adv) all throush

use some Chinese Ideograms <KANJI>.

Ancient Chinese sound:

...1u1s1

-ju

over and

person's kindness)
O-sewa ni narimashita.
Thank you for Your kindness/care. (when You have

,.]

--+FS

(N/Adv)

You do not need to memorize the basic script on pages 190-191, but please

benefltting from, the other

<N>

betweenXandY(Time/
Space) @ ...no aida (N)
among...; during.. @..'
aida while... -+KS
after... --+KS
(N/Adv) alt through
iTimel

We are sorry not to have introduced the written language before this,
I

X to Y no aida

sewa

sh6chi
sotsugyO

tat.

(Nv)
(Nv)

agreement, consent

graduation
to start, leave (on a triP)

(:

shuppatsu'suru)

tat' to stand
(N) time

Cf.
toki
yoroshi.

uP

OK, right, suitable

yoroshi.ku (Cph) as You
* think flt (when you are
introduced to someone' or
when you send Your regards to someone)
D6zo yoroshi't<u' (CPh)
Please (continue Your favors toward me) appropri-

alely.

...ni yoroshi'ku

(Please

give my best regards) to

... appropriately.

Unit 29

''{ ;,

rAPE

O Key

'1.

8.
3.

Structures

OiB

,-1s'

Kodomo no toki, Burajiru

e itta koto ga arimasu.

Shizuka-na toki ni, benkyO-shimasu.

Anata ga koko e kita toki, watashi wa hon o yonde imashita.

';4. " Nippon ni iru aida ni, Nippon-go o benkyO-shimashita.

5. Nippon e kuru mae ni, Nippon-go o benkyO-shimashita.
6. Yoshida-san ga kaetta ato, Tanaka-san ga kimashita.
I

N nolNa/A.i toki

V" toki

*More

For Practice

Examples

Ni-jii-r:oku-sai

no toki

kekkon-shima-

when N/Na/A

When

..'
9n".
iule.g.

when someone does/did...

V.ta or V.nakatta is used as V*, it

means

and does not necessarily means the past tense.

e iku toki, Jon-san ni aimashita.

<When I was going to Japan, I met John.)
. Nippon e itta toki, Tanaka-san ni aimasu.
(When I get to Japan, I'll meet Mr. Tanaka.)
Nippon

n
'

'has/had (not)

iUnit

22 FS

N nolV.u mae

N nolV.ta ato

ni

while N/Na/A/V

before

N/V

i.i

toki niwa, sugu bYdin e itta

desu.

Atsu.i toki, biru ga oishi'i desu.

Sabishi.i toki, tomodachi ga hoshi'i'
Yoru sora no kirei'na toki, hoshi ga
yo.ku miemasu.
Amerika kara Nippon nikuru toki, Hawai
ga miemashita.
Amerika kara Nippon ni kita toki, Fuji'

E
N nolNa/A.i/V" aida (ni)

ga

after N/V

'When you

When I'm lonely,

friend.

'W'hen

E Ryok6 no mae ni, kaimono o shitaidesu.

E Eiga no ato de, shokuji-shimashita.

want

the sky is clear at

E On my way from the

to Japan, I saw Ha-

waii.
When

I got to JaPan from

the States, I saw Mt. Fuii.

Anata no rusu no aida

kimashita.

States

out.

ga

You

night, you can see the stars

clea{y.

E
ni, Ota'san

get sick,

should go to the hospital as

soon as possible.
Beer is good when it is hot.

san ga miemashita.

Sotsugy6-shita ato, nani o shitai?

(de)

E I got married when I was

26.

By6ki no
hO

(ni)

181

1. I once went to Brazll when I was little. ,

,*:
i .- |
2. I study when it is quiet.
3. When you came here, I was radingla bbok.
4. While I was in Japan, I studied Japanqce.
5. Before I came to Japan, I had'gtu<iiedf Japanese.
6. After Yoshida left, Tanaka came.

shita.

(ni)

KS

Ota came while You were

I want to go shopping
I go on mY triP.

before

fil After the movies we had

something to eat.
What do you want to do after
graduation?

Unit 29

182 Unit 29 FS

O Further Study
')

OGonversation

AdvErhials of Time

I. iDuration:

O-SEWA Nl

Cf. Unit 17 FS

-jU/-chU (throughout)

hitoban-jti (aII night long)

hito-tsuki- jti (all month long)

ichi-nichi-jU (a11 day long)

ichi-nen-j0

(all year long)

San-gatsu-j[ (throughout March)

gozen-ch[

(all morning)

Duration: -kan (for)

(for

one month,

two months, etc.)

NB: 'One month,' 'ten months,' and 'eleven months'are ik-ka-

getsu, juk-ka-getsu, and jii-ik-ka-getsu respectively.

[Day of a Month]-kan (for one day, two days, etc.)

NB: 'For qne day' is ichi-nichi, not ichi.nichi-kan or tsuitachi-kan.

i1

[Number]-nen-kan
iii

g* NB:

(for

one year,

two years, etc.)

'For four years' is yo-nen-kan.

" lNumber]-shti-kan

(for

one week,

two weeks, etc.)

NB: 'One week,' 'eight weeks,' and 'ten weeks' are is-sh[-kan,
has-shti-kan, and jus-shU-kan respectively.

III.
W.

ni iru aida, taihen

-Nippon
ni narimashita.

lie, d6-itashimashite.
ga rai-nen Amerika ni kuru

during...': -j0/-chU ni +I.

e.g. kotoshi-j0 ni (sometime this year)

'Sometime

'Ago' and 'Later': mae (ni) and go/nochi (ni)

e.g. mik-ka mae (three days ago)
ik-ka-getsu mae (one month ago)
san-shl]-kan go (three weeks later)

j[-nen nochi (ten years later)

ArigatO. ltsu tachimasu ka?

no asa hachi-ji ni tachimasu'

-Asu

Nippon

o tatsu mae ni,

Sat6-san

ni aitai nodesu ga, au-koto ga

dekimasen. Sat6-san ni yoroshi'ku'
Hai, wakarimashita.

im6to no KYashT wa
-Sore-kara,
ima, HokkaidO no ato, Shikoku o
ryok0-shite imasu. TOkYO e kaette
kita toki, sumimasen ga kono
tegami o watashite kudasai'
Hai, shOchi-shimashita.
Sore-ia, d6zo o-genki-de.

183

.(Good-bv' Friend!)

o-sewa

toki, zehi renraku-shite kudasai'

Kore wa watashi no Amerika no
j0sho desu.

(all this year)

kon-shU-jU (all this week)
kotoshi-jii

[Number]-ka-getsu-kan

NARIMASHITA'

-Anata

natsu-jii (throughout summer)

II.

'#i

you

for everything

-thant<
while I've been here.
Don't mention it.
You come to the
-When next
States
Year, be sure
with me'
get
touch
in
to
in the
address
mY
is
This
States.

Thanks. When do You leave?

leaving at eight tomor-I'm
row morning.

want to meet Mr.

Sato

before I leave JaPan, but

it doesn't look like I'II be

able to.
Please give him mY best'
CertainIY.

sister CathY is
-And, mYin Shikoku after
traveling

her triP to

Hokkaido'

'Whqn she gets back to

Tokyo, would You Please
give this letter to her?

Yes, sure.
WeIl, then, have a good triP!

iMu"hu-ko in

Hokkaiilo

Unit 29

18L Unit 29 LL

NW

185

OLook & Learn

Is What Real Japanese Looks Like.

ThiS

...de-aru

who is/are.'. -+FS

kata

person (cannot be used indePendentlY, but

H1$ Eeor'i:b

modifled. Honoriflc expres-

.(iffr'irr.t,rir.tdr'. r.*'inter<, LoEffiLlkfrlDtfi

--ofrt*ti4-:i.Ln\bn,4.4,jr7.r^Z\,<-h,ffi

*r!lFlF+r.1ar'rr't:or"aa.

s.{L6r..tt,

ffto

4t5;2,t, ;o#tr&i:l.r.l.5&aDrlgttr-.t

sion.

brJ

*,dt{Dt iL-t:t-}-lv"(dat/
f ft, ffi*6*lLi: l.ri, Lr,L, eri{tht,J.r}t, 7zrr7n.1&ffthqD
+fdftfsoiEftr"tr.t.til +L<.D!f'Dz.l\*r-Lbt: ftlR4{+T-c,\rElrt'}f+r56aftt}rtxri/xt.:tri,

+**

/r.
Hlffi
+RLL<&Efi-e*,0, +AE.j, LL".tJ.&.kfi48,ffi, &ffi
h!*ffi1:bD, :hb?tsf.t&.{/.:'alffi5nirJ{-l
{f*t-l:. ridr-ii5000+/rr,LaO00+t J6r.14tlt!,
!L6L< 4't6@m+X&D.tt,tn\h-t:LtrE,L
tdr'u t, r vi:4:7oi+eii!r.*dttBl;FEW,r.!>r:h+
Efi, EWtr'r{4?i&*r.L<da+t'}drrFIFEr$
-tnal'(,1.'ir;i"]fu' .*ioift@oi+Etutt:*t*h'DL
:41 , d6#tun.cb,t ri, Lr,LlEl$rc:*ri.ff4
Jlr{Jl D**/rbfi}EstitilR}ai4r{6-i.. :o
+_'tr.tdr ' (gE?*6ito+l#nFffi?*Ettoff,fi.r.Afi L/:
D

d:,

DlSCt 4ffiS{rr#ifr F! . &ia6!ftlErr, -

77tt7Dldl)|ffi&,Xffit6L(E1btLtcott,

,'x

*' a' (trlH

ii ! l',!,.l"l.,aeeeo

+-arr $-r i,

<,\

r.

r * ir.

k}

( y'.FdtritD: *+R-a E 6 h

6.

e.g. kono kata:kochira

(-+IJ-ZZ LL):kono hito

l.&,1c. _.ri8erbD, togtLbLt!ft,ffiatlL

8.&*27 7
4i:. lEo--E
'.r7n,bB+Eilaiffi*1E
72r.77agrilDffifrAhr,
.*rt-\,!.ttL&6t *

kUkO

--a,&Affit

t&8t

r"a6. ffifr8iri.iri4jtffi.ctr, He&6-rrsF}glr.

, , ,\fdtrg L o E Etr{ 6 : e rir
^n,
* i:.

)i@t-4tt

'/-j-)vLatalOB

fuX*.L<./ - t - tvoqf

::::,

t'{ - t {i!;$:g?ilitl;1ii,

irff a t irt<tcfiti
T#Nt t futa4

'':

'

Routes; Kokunai-sen Domeslic Routes; Zeikan

Customs; RY6gae MoneY
Exchange ; Hoteru-annai-jo
Hotel Information Machi-

ai-shitsu W-aifing Room

Menzei-ten DutY-Free

dear, fondlY remembered

o.kyaku'san :kYaku
the same (Though this is
onaji
N, it can be used as Adj'
Neg. -+sn3ji dewa na'i:
chigaw')
e.g. Watashi no nekutai
to anata no wa onaji desu'
MY necktie is the same
(type/color, etc.) as Yours'
Kore to onaji nekutai o
misete kudasai. Show me
a necktie like this one'

Although most facilities

in international airPorts
in JaPan are indicated in
English, it maY be useful
to know some JaPanese
exPressions, such as: Ko'
kusai-sen International

Ah6r'br. zorq,nr&#.&tuHn,btrthr.t:6r.iF
txL, Lt:ni-<, xD:G:tutiiltt t6tftlhris*^e/Rff
E#*63tr6bo.t, l.ldii, ., L<il.At r4B-t a

lj ,i,

(ImPoIite))
airport

everY night

natsukashi'i not easily forgettable,

Cf. hik6-j0 (local) airport;

,i, {,ttAsqDEIt+'(4DHlft*Lk-t:. tr'ft.Dffr

ffiL\,5Dt..leffi,#Jrrg*frr"&:/:. L\.rDtJ.,.aL
-(#ftaIAELtc-r:#L!,+jrgrriqjlrr.r

is alwaYs

mai.ban

Watashi to anata wa onaji

toshi ni umaremashita'
You and I were born in
the same Year.

Oya? Oh!; Gee!

shimar. to close (Vi)

Cf. shime' to close (Vt)

taipisuto

t6r.

<-typist
pass; go through

Shop

kyaku

customer, guest

VNew Tokyo International Airport(Narita)

Unit 30

TAPE

@IB

o Key trirctures

1. ndte iru kodomo

2. scd<o de nete iru kodomo
3. watashi ga kinO atta hito
4. o;ii-sa.n ga watashi ni kureta hon
5. me ga ugoku ningyO

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

a child sleeping there

the person

met yesterdaY

the book my uncle gave

me

the doll with movable eYes

Practice

tonde iku hik6-ki

plane taking off

flying plane
plane coming in for a landing

tonde iru hik6-ki

orite kuru hik6-ki

open window
closed door

aite iru mado

V"

can modify N.

lSentence] N

Most of the Constructions, except those in Unil 23, Unit 28, and Unit
29, have been Simple Sentences. So perhaps you would

like to know how

to modi$y N with sentences. In English you have very complicated

rules about 'relatives' such as which, of which, whose, whomever,
where, rirhereof, how, etc. Forget

them!

Japanese is veryavery simple.

As you can see in E, V' can modify N, and Japanese'Verbs/desu

come at the end of the sentence. You simply change V"/desu into
V'/Plain Forms and put lsentence] just before N. That's all. There
are, however, some other rules to observb in this Construction. +FS

shimatte iru doa

jii-nen mae ni shinda chichi

fl

father who died ten Years

ago

jii-nen-kan hataraite iru hito

man who has been

for 10 years
company where I've been

jii-nen-kan hataraite iru kaisha

working for 10

asu no gogo au hito

man whom

kyd no gogo Ota-san ni au hito

man who'll meet Ota this

anata ga mita eiga

afternoon

watashi ga yonda hon

I'II

Years
meet tomorrow

afternoon

movie which You saw

book which I read

anata ga hon o ageta hito

man whom you gave a book to

man who gave You a book

anata ni hon o kureta hito

*urr"!oo go to Hawaii with

anata ga Hawai

car which Sato wants

Sato who wants a car
young people with long hair
Suzuki 'qrho is good at golf
Ota, a typist

e issho'ni iku hito

Sat6-san no hoshi'i jiddsha

Finally, we do not
to airlu"rg"
olrr, please be careful:
'n]unt
"ol1,
It is the games with the simplest rules that are the hardest to master.
Please think of this text as merely a rule book, a simple introduction
to the difficult game of mastering Japanese.

18t

a sleeping child

*More Examples For

KS

jid6sha ga hoshi'i Sat6'san

kami ga naga'i wakamono-tachi

gorufu ga jdzu'na Suzuki-san

taipisuto de-aru/no Ota-san

Unit 30

188 Unit 30 FS

O Further Study

of Pre-Noun Modifiers

Summary

I.

NATSUKASHI

Pords and Phrases Modifying N

(1). kono/sono/ano/dono

+u-2 E, u-3 Fs, & u-15 FS

Q)

+U-15 FS

konna/sonn a/ anna/ donna

(3) N nolNa/A.i
(4) V'
(5) Plain Forms of N/N(a)/A.i desu
NB: De-aru is

used instead

of

+u-2

ll & a

+U-14 FS
+U.23 FS

da.

II. N' wa N, ga... Constructions (*U-26

(1) N, no...

FS) Modifying N

N,

The part'...'should be transformed as in I.

(I like dogs.)
--+watashi no suki de-aru inu (dogs which I like)
watashi no suki-na inu (dogs which I tike)

e.g. Watashi wa inu ga suki desu.

(2)

1N,

8a...

'

Other

Keiko-san wa neko ga suki desu. (Keiko likqs cats.)

Sentences

Sentence endings should

e.g.

be transformed as

o tOtte mo Yoroshi'i

yo.

OYa? Kono takushT

-l.i
wa watashi ga NiPPon e kita toki
notta onaji takushr desu ne.
desu

E?

A,

omoidashimashita. Ano toki

no o-kyaku-san desu ne.

Amerika no kata desu ka?

-SO

Shikashi, Nippon-go ga o-jOzu desu ne'

kita toki wa, zenzen wakari-

-lya,

Doko no hon desu ka?

o. +U-19

-Gakken

the airport, Please.

-Towe
take the toll road?
Can
Hey! This is the
-Yes. cab
I took when I
same
came

to Japan!

What? Oh,

remember.

You're that Person!

Are you American?

-Yes,

am.

But you speak JaPanese very

weII.

I didn't understand
-No,
Japanese at all when I
came. I used this book to

studied everY evening.

My dear book....
Here we are at the airPort.

-Good-by,

Japan!

Mai-ban yonde benkYO-shita hon

O-kyaku-san, kuk6 desu,

***

Tanaka-san wa isha desu.

-SAYONARA,

NIPPON!

book?

is a textbook Pub-This
lished by Gakken. This
is the book I read and

no tekisuto desu.

E & FS

(Mr. Tanaka is a doctor.)

--+isha de-aru Tanaka-san (Mr. Tanaka who is a doctor)
isha no Tanaka-san (Mr. Tanaka who is a doctor)

(Leaving Japan)

study with.
Who published the

desu.

desu. Natsukashi'i hon desu'

in I. and wa should

ka?

-+neko ga suki de-aru Keiko-san (Keiko who likes cats)

be replaced b.y ga or

---T-

benkyO-shita n'desu Yo.

neko ga suki-na Keiko-san (Keiko who likes cats)

III.

il_

HON DESU.--

made.

KOsoku-d6ro

desu

masen deshita. Kono hon de

N,

lThe part'.
. .'should be transformed as in I.

e.g.

-KUkO

189

,F-

OGonversation

-,"$

VA

taxicab

Japanese Syllabary

190

APPENDIX

7)r

ka

i/\

,SJ

,J
ga

lr

s'

SA

za

KATAKANA

te
ta

/c"

lg

It

tf,

iJ

,)

da

na

ha

ba

pa

ma

ra

WA

u'

(f 4

r)

bi

pr

mt

dr
pu

za

ta

da

na

Y Y

ji

chi

ji

7 X

'y

,, 7 7

zu

tsu

IJ

fi

+t +l'

ka

ga

ri

ki

gr

tt

ry

2 /

mu

ru

ku

sa

l-

lc

gi

shi

ji

chi

ji

nt

hi

5 h

J-

'dr

ku

gu

su

zu

tsu

zu

fu

bu

ry

i/,

t rf

-\,

-(

e>

lL

+,

ke

ge

he

be

pe

SE

me

re

r r

SU

ke

ge

tf if

SE

ze

J-

po

,,/

mo

ro

9.

*j
o

i'

ki

ko

go

so

nu

<"

ta

ze

te

de

ne

e a It

zo

to

do

no

ho

bo

3+ 3'+ L+ D+ B$ B+ i:+ u-r tAr

ya

kya gya sha

ja

cha

ja

3o 3p Lp Dp bw 6'o

iCto

kyu gyu shu

nyu hyu byu pyu myu ryu

*,

yo

kyo gyo sho

fr Lr Dr
jo

,$

chu

ju

tAF 4.+ D+

yu

ju

nya hya bya pya mya rya

rp

r-

ya

uro u\o a"'o 4w 0w

uj

tzX Br icJ
(Ij tfj 4J
cho jo nyo hyo byo pyo myo ryo

\x

letter $, j, i, or *;.
e.s. *it.6 3 L ok-a- san, I9 i rst

e.g.i.'t)AL

k0hi
When a syllable ends in a consonant, a small

the consonant if it is not n.

e.g: u\rla itta, irz i ) gakk6, L\""

-"yl

matchi,

Zl'y*/y'

-(,2) is used to express

itchi(accord)

sutokkingu

5) The Postpositions e, o, and wa are, respectively, expressed by,r(,:),

nu

te

de

ne

l.

F.

do

,,,\

nl

ZU

to

zo

SO

;,,\ -7 7

ha

ba

pa

L,

L"

hi

bi

pi

fu

he

fa

t)

74

mt

ri

fi

7 7

/A

)v

pu

mu

rU

-\

-(.

7-J

be

pe

me

re

fe

If

7t

mo

ro

fo

\*'

l).r

fi fi fi t
ho

no

v 7z
WA

bu

bo

po

t+

>r

ra

ma

Y<
L.rr L".Y H.rr
+.Y
f:,r
ja
gya
nya hya bya pya mya rya
kya
sha la cha

+tr

+i 2z Y2 *z- fe-

kyu gyu shu

ju

*a {.a 2a

YA

chu

ju

fa fa
cho jo

yo kyo gyo sho jo

oto-san

go

ko

yu
J

yugata, *sta z d,i. on E.sa n, *t*i { rr r 6ki .

The extended 6 is in some cases expressed by adding ) instead of *;.

3) Long vowels in KATAKANA are'expressed by

-.
e.g. 7z't-l' depato, *-kl, i-tuaru<wooD, f-7lLt6buru, J-L.-

shi

gu

7 *:

NB: 1)'' These charts show almost all the beats (-p.z) of qurrent Japanese
ri: and how to express them in HIRAGANA and
KATAKANA.
2) Long vowels in HIRAGANA are expressed by adding the vowel

4)

191

Japanese Syllabary Chart

ulR*ecetrle
6\

Chart

L:z

L3

lJ:t

L1z

nyu hvu byu pyu myu ryu

-=t

L.s

La Ha \=

Ua

nyo hyo byo pyo my0 ryo

t (7), and li(ur) instead of i (r), l,'(t), and b (7)

e.g. z)\vrL+T kaisha e, a.htb.t tegami o, btcLllwatashi
6) The

letter

("), not 6 (l'), is

always used

wa

to express

the sound

ji except where the sound chi is changed into ii in a compound word

or the sound ji is preceded by the sound chi in one word.
In such cases, B (f) is used.
e.g.

ll/r

hana

ji

(nosebleed) (+6snu

By the same token, the letter

chi (blood)

),

bB

f is preferred to

chijimi (crOpe)

=".

7) The sound f followed by all vowels but u in a loan word in KATAKANA

can be expressed as shown in the above chart.

e.g. t7,f X ofisu
8) The sound ti in a loan word in KATAKANA is expressed by the letter

i with a small ,f following.

e.g. L"r-7 47lVls byotifuru-na

192

Let's Read Japanese

APPENDIX

ts

II

lg

Read Japanese

irt

fPart 1
\

ba

lr

)u

NB: Long vowels are expressed

*
+APPENDIX I NB: 2)
i e.B. iiia!. is pronounced more like di than

.L

Csa

.*,t

t
.

world

te ta

.L

tt+t

shi

(Nv) practice (k6ko, rather than

chi

my father

ke-iko)

-z

I i (N) over there

trt tomorrow
It L \ scenery
t,

<

moon
I

ttt,'(.-> subway /:i'','

\ '> L/: socks
t lt\. clock, watch t +j\. far (t6i, not to-oi)

(N)

ONB: A double consonant (other than n) is expressed by a small

+APPENDIX I NB: 4)
e.g. I 3 -, ( the day after tomorrow (asatte)
* -, t without fail; surely (kitto)
,J,

- /:

boughi (katta)<_i.

4mi
name

Y)

ra

kitten

I .da

dog

money

t- )

meat

I LO-z rri,nine
*,

ship

story

.O, <0), h0)

ll

ho

(): a * airplane
ll/Jf to speak; to let go

b
U 4\,
( 61.

they
wide
dark

an, <n,

b* b^"

mo

Uf ab daughter; girl
h ocean
to think '>d>/=\ ' cold
*-i d i
d L t L Hello, ?i {, \' heavy
t i (N/Adv) front; bfore
ri

bru fure 4ro

b Buddhist temple
* l, l . (Na) detestable
:nb, 4)ftb, fr>nb

11<
fr>n

{,

t>/: b Lu' new

U 7a midday; daytime

trJ7a spring

high; expensive

seven

ta

i J. tu l r. n. l

IttJ

f{, to live
t trl' cold
At to drink

,J,?t

outside

i
,; ,Ft'h

crab

->

mother .j.h

feather

tl * i

t,

tto

(te

tsu

hi

cat

Ano

Ir,

t n slender e : 0 morning sun ^/: (Na) unskillful

iNB: The Postposition wa is expressed by ll, not b.
i. : iJ"'
e.g. aOUYtt"'
t>tt/:Ov 'ill"'
The Postposition e is expressed fy ':, not i.
e.g. il : ia^.\' ( to go to Hakone

9su -|lse

tlia

tg tS

i Lt'

my

4ma

.J-

t: (N) there
lt: this morning
?i\r late; slow

sushi
morning

Bt

s+r.l

t'\':

r''u

puppy

h:
i'i:

ko

)* station ( 1 3 air (k0ki, not ku-uki)

T1 to hear I 3 autumn
Sd.r,' red

: : (N) here
d'( to write
l.f1 pond

cloth

&)nu

nt

It

o-oi.

.>
ryke (-

(ku

3ki

hO

Ittl

No, aZ (N)upperpart
to say fi}dlr many
by adding the vowel lettet fr>, i , i,.or ?i.

7)r ka

what(?)

ll

Jr
+)o

.de

8\' (Nv)love \ri house \\\\i

blil' blue
*, 1 to meet v.i

ri.;

t l:

: \ rra

HIRAGANA

l+
l/s

na

"193

* ?rl' (Na) clean; pretty

L
{"41.
+:\ 6

*t 3

history
black

to get off,

descend

-.
to pay the money t * i Ar'( to write the
ONB: This letter is used exclusively for the Postposition o.

Iat.*Jtlf i, 1

name

Let's Read JaPanese

195

194

3lp
\

*rrJ

h,h

,{

}orng

river
13,*t garden

UP

L I
b 4 \' b"9
btnb b forget tbb totit aown
-.1.b peace
bfn6 tu paft
)o/:

trlvt,L policeman
b.L/-L (Na) simple
IIL book
r
tl
(?)
(Nd)
how
often
lJ Lt, (Nv) quarrel
dangerous
LrJ,u
3 itl,
(Nv)
(Nv)
,J,
No Smoking
relation ILZL
contact
LtrI\.
nLb <,
\teacher
(Na)
kind
h L+ L spa, hot spring
L L't->
t&-rll'
:Lt, 4Lt, t>Lti

E--l
I \

Yal

,t 3 snow
X 6 night
.j. r,) winter
(Na)
famous ll,Lf : l, bookshop
4l e>t '
I\. good
inexpensive
I:b l a sunday
talll i Good morning. ffl'
(N)
(Nv)
plan
side
:
speedy,
early
llfu
J
l(r.t\
t)
(Nv)
,P
paper
(
(Nv)
promise
utilize
evening
l a
t tA
l l'L
ONB: There are no letters shown for the sounds )i-and ye since these
'" nunciations are not used in modern Japanese.

3+
Ll+

may be attached to certain letters to make the following

kya

L+

sha

hya

&.+

mya

!-p ,"nu l3S

f+ rya

i.lrL\' company 3 Lr locomotive, train

i. i tr * black tea U * -rJ'-( L department
O The small 4

l:

sounds.

t)

chu

,pyu
I

l,yu,

\';,
ol al

Yt

i3rP

(Nv),being hosPitalized

KNv),fashion,

5oi:i

vog:ue

express train

The small J may be attached to certain letters to make the following sounds'

3r

kyo

Lr

sho

bt

cho

(/'J

hyo

h-

myo

\t

rvo

3 r i todav
t) rt,L inn

i+-r

Lr

egi

\gu

ll'

cza

Dji

f.,

lJ'

na

(,/T ui

ji'

lJ

pa

1I pi

*i

t"

oa

(ti

ir

gu

ii)

(?'

l-w
lJ.

nyo

Tokyo t) x i t) (Nv) cooking

Let'sgo.
novel l'3*Lrf

tiSri

3'lp ey, 3'J

g8o

3+

lfze

<zo

D+

bu

,\

It

uo

(I+

bya

.(}lg oy, LAJ oyo

pu

{p"

lf

po

t/s

pya

(rfp

zu)

toe

Coo

pro-

e"

be

eyu
ja

Dp

+APPENDIX

iu

pyu

Dr
l./sj

NB:

eyo

io

pyo

6)

Zu i" English
lr - :- a school
5r: i bank
/j\' U ] i "j: all right
l,-,-t!.L Japan
bl:fJ glasses
sometimes Ji" afternoon
/:L/:L graduallv t5f*
Y a Q Please
/:<6 to eat
h,lIL bag
painter' artist
(Na)
povertv
dri'
(Na) useful U Llt a
-< L \
old ladv
grandmother'
(N) illness, disease t'itf b: l'
Lr" r i *

nya

store

may be attached to certain letters to make the following

myu

oY capital city
t, O I u. (Nv) caution
L o I l'L custom; week
!

b-W

hyu

bw
0w

shu

INB: There are no letters shown for the sounds wi, wu, we, and wo since
. these pronunciations are not used in modern Japanese.

@ The small

LP

kyu

sounds.

19f

196

)Pafi 2

KATAKANA
Stucly APPENDIX I (page 191) carefully. KATAKANA is used mainly for
loan word.g
Chinese, in which case KANJI is used). Thatfs why you'Il
'* (except
'.
7tr, or 74 on
dee some KATAKANA combinations like7r,7t,7*"
page 191 even though you cannot

190.

find their HIRAGANA

equivalents on page

APPENDIX III

'#)

INDEX

J"

Index gives the pages on which each wor{ appea$ prominently, with the
more important page numbers in bold-face type* l,t ' ' ,

lThis

*
fi/7 camera 77Vt stereoset
t 7 't z ofrce -" .y t rnatch
i
pen
74 r- lighter
^{z
7rt radio
=z-/ news
,\-7 1- party JtvT golf
/-l notebook V3-f' record
Yi|A bhsiness 7r'y'za/ fashion
!,..

.i I 7 pipe
=-L.- coffee
7VV television
,<:/ / panda
i <A iazz
A7-+ steak
,-+ cake
-2jeans
7,,rf studio
77
/ 4 Vz l. typisr
T )I t) lJ America 77, )V .Brazil
4 4') z England
Australia
i-717t)T
=z--)-7Y t" New Zealand
)V-A+|-E 7 room service
Z.i- | department store
7.t'-'/ ll - sports car
7-'y, - 7 suitcase
tape recorder 'z r 7d'! t-'y I jumbo jet
7-aV2-r'-

fPart ,S

...

and KANJI

-You

ii supplement that comes with this textbook.

can already read
approximattly 80% of what's there now that you've learned HIRAGANA and
KATAKANA. But what about that other 2O% that's in KANJI ?
That's easy too. As a start, you can easily flnd the pronunciations in the main
text with no trouble, and after a while you'll get so adept at recognizing these
common KANJI that you won't even need to look them up. Soon you'll be able
to read them for both sound and meaning ryithout even breaking stride. Not
only will you be ready to start learning KANJI, you'll have a head start.
Rememberl It's only hard if you think it's hard.
Open tt

11

Arabia
Arabia-go

16

11,98

are

basu (bath)
basu (bus)

59

lJb

11

batan
beddo
benchi

11

benky6

71

11

benri-na
beru

23

1lr9

35
35

98

A,

88

4...,

29

arenli
are-ra
Arigat6.

achira

98

Arigat6 gozaimasu.

Afurika
agat'
age'

65

arubaito

58

aruk'

58

beruto

asa

ltl

bess6

101

asa-gohan

bTfu

13t

Asakusa

58
95
35

asatte

f1
119

ai

155, 17

aida

"Ai rabu
ak'
aka

f1

yu."

101

(*aka'i)

aka-chan
aka. i
akaru. i

ashi

83

ashita
asob.

167

ake.
aki
Akira
akirame.

asa. i

17

1f
77

35
95
88

1lr9

asoko
asu
atama
atarashi

Amerika
Amerika-jin

11

16

atsu.i (thick)

anata

11

atsume.

anata-gata

11

aw.

118

ame

52, 10 1
52, 70 7

ane
ani
anna
ano. . .
antena

17,98

137

It3
148

ban

f1
53,

10t, 16

173

-ban
ban-gohan
bara

11

65

biy6in

59

b6eki
b6i
boku
b6ru-pen
b6shi

155

botchan
bdto

52
35
137

95

-bu
bu-bu
bu-chd
Bunraku

101

Bilraiiru

11

65
179
137
89
65

53

B
baggu
Bai!
Bai-bai!

161

apato

ar.

biru

98

ao (+ao.i)
ao.i

Ara!

107

It

atsu'i (hot)

amari

11

65

161

65

16f

l1

biru
Biru

11

atataka. i
. . .ato
ato-de
ato-kara

ama'i

1f

bifuteki

23,98

.i

107

28
178
173
65

29

35
1+9
35
17

155
187

10f

Buraiiru-jin
bur6chi
by6in
by6ki

T6

17

29
89

byuffe

125

by0tifuru-na

1lr9

119

58

chesu

118

71

chichi

52,59

Index

198

chigaina.

chiisa-na

cfrika
chika.
chi

17

'l{

113

';

oo

35

ka-tetFu

chikin
chi

89
161

chigaw.
chiisa. i

23

13f

kku-takku

ChikY[

155

iltg

']''

chizu

chotto
-chd

-chii i'

167

17g, 182

Chugoku

11

Chiigoku-go

16

Chilgoku-iin
ch[li
chgnen

137

denki-sutando

23, 137
23

depato
deshita

89,90
29

89

143

E. .

158,167,180
58, 1 13
185

fr
113

65

.to,

dOmo

11

29,32
32, 98
98

32, s5, g8
35
50

ddzo

149

Ddzo.

ao

e29
...e
E?

E,

e.
ebi
ebi-furai

161

35

gan-ka
garasu

18/

-gatsu

tt|

l1

-gawa
ge-ka

35
161

genki

lt1

Getsu-y6(bi)
gink6

50
29
17

gita

23

go

89

...9o

95

-go
goGo-gatsu
gogo
gohan
go-hyaku

fuk.
i

fumikiri
Fumiko
fune
fur.

131
95

59

-furai(+ebi-furai)

89

137
167

11
16
16

29
17
/+4, 1

13
151
t t,
95
50
65

G
23, 120, 122,

158,178,171
gachan
Gagdrin

23
83

119

77

...94

lt1
167

113

59

uirumu
Fuli-san

furanku-na
Furansu
Furansu-go
Furansu-jin
furonto
furu.i
futari
futari-de
futatsu
futo.i
Futsuka
fuyu

f1

71

F6do

125
137

oo

fuka.

119

ga-ka
Gakken

Ginza

35

137

gaikoku-ryokd

11

119
Bs

119

ganbar.

119

155
148

125
&b

lt9,182

eo-ii
go-ju
go-kai
go-kekkon

11

101

50
65
53

lrI
tt1

Itl,
41
101

52
go-kyOdai
go-nin
Llt
ltl
. . .goro
G6ruden-batto 95

gorufu
go-ry6shin

107

52

lrI

go-sen

go-shujin
go-yd

52
15b

gozaimasu
29
gozen
65
go-zonji desu ka? IN
gu-Sii
155
, . .gurat

gurasu

(+garasu)

11
119

"I

16f
1lt3

161
ha
ltL
hachi
,
Hachi-gatsu ;50 ,
,41
hachi-ii
hachi-ju
4lt
hachi-kai
+b
hachi-nin
Llt
119
hachi-sai (+sai)
hagaki
ilre
52,7 I
haha
11, 18,50
Hai,
1f3
Hai!
1fg
haikingu
53
hair.
eS
haizara
Ha jimemashite. 113
119
halimete
I 12,125
Hakata
hak-kai
Il,
35
hana (flower)
161
hana (nose)
hanas. (to speak) 53
59
hanas. (to let go)
29
hana-ya
137
hanb6gd
28
hanga
17
hankachi
hap-pyaku
4b
161
hara
89
hare
89
hare.
haretari, kumottari 89
lr1
haru
35
hashi Gridge)

hashi

(chopsticks)

hashir.
has-sai (+-sai>
has-sen
hatachi (--sai)
hatake
hatarak.
Hatsuka
Hawai
haya.i
.hazu
heiwa

heso

161

,hetapb

118

1f

heya

23

d6butsu-en
dochira
17, 98
11
D6-itashimashite.
11
Doitsu
16
Doitsu-go
Doitsu-jin
16
107
D6j6-ji
doko
32, 35,36, 98
aa
doko-demo
doko-ka
32,131

jin (+gaikoku)

geta

f6suto-kurasu

119

gakk6
gaku-ch6
gakusei

d6butsu (+d6butsu-en)

dore
ddro
Do-y6(bi)

119

Iot

35

donata
donna
dono

85
161

lf

esukartE

107

da
89,90, 146
170
. . .dai?
daigaku
58
daiji-na
167
daiku
28
dai-tokai (*tokai)
95
dait6ryd y,
29
daiyamondo.r;. 89
113
.. .dake
743
dame :*
131
damu
161
6"n59; (+josbi)
125
dansu
dare
29,32,98
dare-demo
32
dare-ka
32
89
Dari
lttg
dar6
1tt0
datta
59,77,95,
...de

gai koku-

Gurin
Gurin-sha

119

16

(+ddbutsu-en)

107

10

11

11

erekutori kku

65
53

gai-jin (+gaikoku)

gaikoku

-en

95
173

gaido
gaido-bukku

11

Emiri

enpitsu
epuron
ereb6td

1+9

32,98,

doa

119
59

-en

17,23

lr7,

161

egao
eiga
Ei-go

ekonomi-kurasu

DO

desh6
deshd ka?
desu
deto
Dewa,
dewa
. . .de(wa)

efu-emu

EiiBUto
Ejiputo-jin
eki
eki-chd (+-ch6)

53

-do
d6

lr1

lr1

1tg

denp6
densha
denwa

Dewa, kore-de.

"83

143

denki

77

de.
. . .de-aru
deguchi
deki.
Demo,

Den-den-kdsha

16

chusha <+chilsha.)6> 11

chusha-j6
Chiishingura

-demo

199

59
53
179

44

hi

161

hidari

35
95

Hideo
higashi

131

hiib-guchi
hik.

hikkos.
hik6-j6

13

137
181

hik6-ki

59

ku.
hima

95

hi

t+1

hira(-sha-in)
hiro. i
Hiroshima
Hiroko

167

23
112

95

Hiroshi

95

hiru

65

hiru-gohan

f7

hiru-yasumi
hisashiburi
hito
hitomi

41
101
17

113
Ittt

hitori

hitori-de
hitotsu
h6
Hokkaid6
hon
hondana

101

lrlt,

95

89,112

If

35

hon-sha

101

HonshU

10f,112

hontd
hon-ya
Hora,
h6seki

16f

froshi

179

hoshi

59
113

ltL

.i

113

h6s6 (+h6s6-kyoku)

1&3

h6s6-kyoku

113

hoso.i

95

1fg

hoteru

131

hoteru-annai -io

83
50

77

59,

17

(+k0k6)
185

hyaku

lrl,

119

131
89
29

i.

58,101

Index

200

ichi
lrlt
ichiban
95
ichi-do
113
ichi-do-rng
107
lchi-eatsils
50
' ichiii
'
8s
ichi-ji ,
t1
ichi-mAn
Ltt
ichi-nichi
110,182
ie \\
17
lgirisu
11
lgirisu-iin
16
i.i
29
lie, \r" ,
1 1, 48, 5 0
iiime.
77
ik.
53,155
ikaga
t IN
ike
131
ike.
83
,
j
lkeda
ltg
ik-ka-getsu 110,182
ik-kai (floor)
ttL
ik-kai (time)
110
ikura
1/,32
ikutsu
32
ima
tl
im6to
52,53
im6to-san
52
-in
23
inaka (+tokai>
95
inochi
113
inor. I
118
int6chenii,131
int6nashon'iru-na lt S

..\,
inu
11
lrasshaimase. 28
irasshaimasu 41
ire.
59
iriguchi
77
iroiro-na
lltg
isha
23
isog.
53
isogashi.i
89
issho-ni
59
is-sh[-kan 110,182
isu
11
ita.i
161
Itaria
ILg
It6
95
itsu
32,41
itsu-demo 110, 143

Itsuka
itsu-made-mo
itsu-mo

itsutsu

50

iu-kyo

181

j0-nana

59

iE-ni

lrlt

Jii-ni-gatsu
jci-ni-ji

iw.

1t3

lya,

89

Ja,
58
Ja, mata.
59
janbo-jetto
71
Jd ne!
Ifg
gs
JE-ti-bi
jetto-ki
125
ji
41, 44
161
fibiinkd-ka
jibun-de
113
17
iid6sha
jikan
lt S
95
fin
-jin
11
jinja
ltY
jink6
161
jl-pan
71
jitensha
35
Jitsu-wa,
1,49
jiyI
t1
-j6
/r1
167
io-ky6iu
Jon
17
J6nzu
11
josei
161
joshu
167
j6zu-na
113
ju
lrl+
-ju
161, 17 9, 182
jUbun
131
Jti-gatsu
50
jii-go
ult
4t,
i[-hachi
j[-ichi
^ lt6
Jii-ichi-gatsu
50
j0-ichi-ji
t'4
Jti-ichi-nichi
50
jii-ichi-nin
4+
ju-ik-kai
44
&1
iu-ji
juk-kai
lrl,
jii-ku
lrL
Jii-ku-nichi
50
-

Llt
Itlt
lrl,

kamera
kamera-ya

50

.. .kamo
-kan
Kanada
Kanada-jin
kanai
kanari
kanban
kane

L1

lu-nr-Kar

lrl,

jii-nin

l*1,

l0"ni-nin
junsa

Llt
23

j[-roku

ItL

jE-san

lrl

l0-san-gai

Llt

jii-san-nin

Ilt

kami (no ke)

-ki

59

101

iiisu

125

kani
kanojo

-ka (-or, -er, -ist)

-ka (some-)

fI

155
173

23

13f
181

kanojo-ra (+kanojo)

ItL

Kaoru
.,. .kara

11

kare
karendd
kare-ra (*kare)

zg

ps
gz

kaban
lr1
kabi\
35
Kabuki
10f
ka-ch6
167
kado
155
kAdo
113
kaer.
53
kaeri
116
-ka-getsu 10f,179
-ka-getsu-kan Lfg
. ..kai?
170
-kai (floor)
41,44
-kai (times) 107,110
kaigan
181
-kai-me
119
kaimono
lN
kaisha
fi
kaisha-in
28
kaiwa
ltrg
kak.
58
kakari-ch6
167
Kamakura 101, I 12

28

llrs

52

l3l
11

35, 1l+9,

kik.

35
89

23"

'.'1rs,.

53

ki

-kata
kiken-na

116

kikoe.
kime.

155

kimi
kimochi
kimono
kin

llrg

/7
18f
155

119

Kingu-kongu
ki-ni ku. i
kind

u
116

kat.

llrg

kirei-na

17

kata
.kata
k6ten
Katd
katsu
kaw.

185

.kiro

35

kissaten

29

1f
107

tt, I 16
35

kawa
Ka-y6(bi)

kazan

(+keisan-ki)

keisan-ki
keisatsu(-sho)

155

If

28

23,98
50

(+k[k6)
<+k[k6)

kokusai-teki-na

t t,
185

I85
16f

Koku-tetsu (+tetsud6)
131

23
K6kyo
125
kom.
131
kome (+raisu>
k6mu (+k6mu'in) 23
23
137

59
11

13f

kon-kon

155

95,98

konna
Konnichiwa.
kono. . .

11

17,98

konsato
kon-shg

65

(-kon-)
kontakuto
kori-ya

131

kore
kore-ra

16f

Kore wa, kore

1gt

lltg

bl
11,98
11

wa!

173
58

kitte

101

korogar.

ki-yasu.i

116

-k6sha (+Den-den-k6sha)

1f

Kiyoshi

50

ko
k6
k6ban
Kobayashi
K6be
k6-cha

161

Taki

f7

181

53

95
95

keikan
Keiko
keisan

18f

65
50
125

kita
kitana.

89

Kegon no

ki rai -na

137

131

kaze
Kazuko
Kazuo
ke

Kin-y6(bi)
kippu

kokunai-sen
kokusai-sen

kon-getsu

137

125

Kokonoka
kokonotsu

7f

karE-raisu
karu. i
kasa
Kasei
kashi

29

kokki
kokku
koko

16f

167

kindai-teki-na
kin'en

83

koibito
k6i6
koke-kokk6

k6mu-in
konkon-ban
Konbanwa

lbb

kindai (+kindai-teki-na)

158,1f3
89

.,

kane-mochi
kanEshon
kangae
kangofu

t 181

kenchiku :.j
(+kenchiku.ka)

28

1f9

ka
.ka?

16

kenbutsu

59

xp

ki

jus-sai (+-sai)

..

11

',1t

1f

k6gai

88

kekkon-shiki

71

kangae.
kangae-kata

Itlt

179

kekkon

35

179

iE-yon

89

ki

Itb

j0-yo-nin
jii-yon-kai

161

llrs
ff.

113

Llt

tl,

KEKI

155

iil-shichi
jilsho

50

keiyaku

29

kenchiku-ka
...keredomo

iU-shi

JE-yokka

23

201

65
28
29
95
95
29

kochira

k6-ch6 (+-ch6)
kodomo
kodomo-san
koe
k6en

95
85
98

28
95
112

95

35,98
16f
85
52
155

85

143

16f
k6shi
131
k6soku-d6ro
85
kotae
-koto
107,116,164
k6to
41
59
kotori
58
kotoshi
K6tsii-kOsha

(+Den-den-k6sha)
ku
kuchi
kudamono

148

Itl,
161

lt1

202

Index

kudar.

53

kudasai

77

Ku-gatsu

50

ku-ji "r i
k0k6 *

ttt, I 10

185

maimai-asa
mai-ban

89

Maikeru

65

kuni i

17

ku-nin

kure.

53

ltl

'kumor.
kumori

kure

magar.
mage.

'1.

Ut
lttS

mat-nen

71

t1
110, 185

Fokkusu

ltty
71

lt

mai-nichi

,tb5

i.,,.

mama
mama
man

113

kuru

Md ne.

113

Kyashi

101

1f

kyatchi

1rs

'\

l(yo
ky6dai

11

52

ky6ju
kydkai

167

29

-kyoku (+hds6-kyoku)
149

kyonen
65
Ky6to
35,112
Kydto-kenbutsu 131
kyil
Lt,
kyii-hyaku
tI
l{yu-Ju *
lr1,
Kyu-fu-Ku
44
Kyu-lu-l(yu
41,
ky!-kai .i:
Ll
ky0-nin
ltlt
ky!-sen
lr4
Kyiishii
59, 1 12
;r

Me!
machi

fi8
lr7

machiai -shitsu

(+kUko)

...made
mado
madoguchi
mae

f7

mannaka
mannenhitsu
mas.
Masako
Masao

35
125
95
95

massugu

,lb:)

mat.

53
173
173

mata

107

+{,

matchi
mawar.

53

me
megami
megane

menzei-ten

meron
metta-ni

161
71
17

(+kukd) l8i

50

tf
71
17

161

muk6
mune
musuko

50
65
35
161

52,167

musuko-san
52
musume
52, 161
musume-san
52
muttsu
muzukashi

.i

ItL
113

101

minato

131

35
85

minna

101

Minoru
mirai
miruku

95
65
59

oa

83,137, 167

nar.

natsu

k.

1f8

oa

50

131

motto
Muika
mukashi

71
161

131

oa

32

113

nai-ka

50

QO

10f

Naruhodo.

155

Mikka

30,32
32,41

101

mre.
migi

*95

32

29,

mot.

112

mikan

82

112

naifu

35
95

107

naraw.

Nagoya

mijika.i

4L
173

Nara

.1Ig

95

lrlt

lt1
125

119

131

nana-sen
nanatsu
. . .na-n'desu.
nan-do-mo
nan-gai
nan-gatsu
nan(i)
nan-ji
nan-kai
nan-kai-mo
nan-nen
nan-nichi
nan-nin
Nanoka
nan-y6(bi)

Moshi-moshi,
m6-sugu

Midori no Madoguchi

53

minami
mina-san

161

mt.
michi
Michiko
midori

101

35, 101, 17

moderu
Moku-y6(bi)
mon
moraw.
mori

71

161

119

88

107

mimi

185

mada
mada-mada

113

Mata nel

m6

1t9

kuro.

185

155

28,122

modan-na

110

kyaku

71

1ss

89

110

59

&1,

83

mai-tsuki

101

7f

mochiron

mai-shO

kusuri
kutsu

..,mo

71

59

155

53

mise
mise.
mittsu
miyage
mizu ('mizu-umi)
ffiizu-umi
m6...

110

kuro (+kuro.i)

kuruma

'

maiku
Maiku

59

naga'i
Nagasaki

nage.

na

naka

17
112

59

OE

nakigoe

113

namae
nami
nan(i)

161

17

29, 30,32

nana

lrL

nana-hyaku
nana-ji
nana-ju
nana-kai
nana-nin

44
lrL
44

ltI
44

natsukashi

nayam.
naze

59
.i

185

83
32, 17 3
170

. . .n'da.

. . .n'desu.
. . .ne.

170

23, 170

ne.

5g

negai
neko

118
11

1f

nekutai
nemu.i
nemur.

101

-nen
-nen-kan

179

ni
..

.ni

16f
1:07

IrI
23,2L 35,86,

11,
7 1, 90, 138, 149,

150,158

-nichi
47,50
50
Nichi-y6(bi)
50
Ni-gatsu
10/
Nihon
Nihon-kai 107,119
119
Nihon-ry6ri
ni-hyaku
41,
112
Niigata
ni-li
Lb
ni-iti
&lt
ni-![-ichi
Ll
Ni-jii-ichi-nichi 50
ni-i0-ni
Llt

203

95
o-cha (+k6-cha)
lll,
ni-iii-shi
ofri.
53
50
Ni-jii-yokka
13f
oldenwa
ni-iE-yon ,
4+
odor.
f7
ni'-kai (2nd floor)
ltl
ofisu
85
ttO
ni-kai (twice)
o-genki
lr1
35, 1 12
Nikko
131.
niku
. O-genki-de.
11, '
-niku.i
ogya-ogya
fi5
118, 116'
:
Ohay6.
11
29'
niku-ya
17
Ohay6 gozaimasu. 11
nimotsu
-nin
o-hima
ltl
41, 44
6. i
161
71
ningyd
o-isha-san
11
89
Nippon
oishi.i
16
Nippon-go
I7
oli
52, 10 I
16
Nippon- jin
oiii-san
52
ni-sen
LL
ltS
o-jikan
131
nishi
oii-san
52,7 1
101, 161
. . .niwa
52
oj6-san
17, 18, 20,30
. . .no
131
oka
113,170
. . .no.
Okage-sama-de, 101
1?0
. . .no?
-no
o-kane
71
113, I 16, 164
52
okd-san
119
N6
o-kashi
125
L1
nobi.
dkesutora
101
53
nobor.
53
oki.
89,182
nochi
dki.i
If
.. .nodesu. 161, 170
107
6ki-na
161
nodo
112
Okinawa
53
nom.
tSS
okuj6 (+yane)
53
nor.
ftL
o-kuni
noriba
7f
161
okur.
95
n6-son (ttokai)
16g
o-kure
35
n6to
oku-san
52,89
113
nozomi
185
o-kyaku-san
83
nug.
f1
o-miyage
155
nyd-nya
23
omo.i
101
nyEin
89
omoidas.
11
NyE-jirando
65
Nyii-jlrando-jin 16 r omoshiro.i
131
omow.
101
Nyu-ydku
185
onaji
161
onaka
o
113
o-negai
52
on6-san
53,54, 120
...o
155
ongaku
29
o23
ongaku-ka
181
o-ai-suru
onii-san
L7
52
oba
29
onna
52,7 1
oba-san
131
onsen
52, 10 I
oba-san
59
or. (to bend)
10f
oboe.
1+3
10f
or. (to stay)
o-b6-san
t,

\ ."; {

20t,
58
ore!
11
orenii
5g
ori.
t"! '
ig
os.
''.' 35, 112
Oqat<a
125
o-sake
179
o.sewa ,
tt
osnte. l-r
16f
o-shigoto
ls
oso.i t
11
Osutoraria
Osutoraria'iin 16
29
Ota
7l
o-te-ara\ii ^,
ltT
o-tera
155
oto
dtobai
t 71
35
otoko
otona
r 83

otos.

ot6-san
otdto
ototoi
ot6to-san
oya
Oya?
Oyasumi.
Oyasumi-nasai

oyog'

ss

52, 16

lr7
65
52' 10 1
52
185

panda

29
28

papa

pasup6to

pati
pen

piano
pinpon
Pisu
p6ku

Porutogaru
Porutogaru'go
purasuchikku
purezento

piiru

113

-35

179

sema'l

rar-

35

saikon
saisho

8g
155

rai-getsu
rai-nen

t*1

Sait6

95

sen
senSenbai-kdsha

35
35

saR6.na

41

I7
11
118

125

ff
18f

-sha (+shupPan'sha> lbg

San-iE-ichi'nichi
san-j0-roku
san-iii-shi

50

,..rashi'i

89

reiz6ko

l+1

san
-san

rekOdo

53
71

renzu

resutoran
ribon

oo

ri kon

83

17

ringo

47
125
59
83

riyd
robi
r6jin

lrlt
lrlt

rok-kai
roku
Roku-gatsu

50
lt1
lrL

Llt
lrlt
1W
lr&
11

Roshia
Roshia'go
Roshia-jin
'Rosu
Rosu-anlerusu
rusu

16
16

1f8
173
179

ry-o

ryOgae (+k0k6)
ryok6

ry6ri

65
&1.

sanbashi
san-byaku

sandoitchi
sanfujin-ka

san-ju-yon
san-kai
san-nin
sanpo
sanpuru
san-zen
Sapporo
sarada
Sasaki
sassoku
Sat6

sawag.

Sachiko

sagar.

Itl,
+l*

Itl,
4L
110
&4
125
161

l*L
112
oo

s{
18f
59

?f
7f

101

Saydnara.

185

se

101

sebiro

713

-sei

161

seich0

88
191

77
89
i

ltl

11

161

sabishi.

lrlt

ff

s
.

131

sawagashi'i (*sawag')

seihin

sa,
se?. .

11, b7, 5

sawar.

52

ryOshin

16

l1

lr1
50

samu.i

11

59

san-gai
San-gatsu
san-li
san-iu

ltl

llrg

lf9
95
58

161
17

seili (+seiji-ka)

28

seiji-ka

28
88

seinen
seishin-ka

5"i1q 1+gakusei)

161

23

sekai

16tr

sekai-j0

161

shaber'
sha-ch6
sha-in
shashin
shatta
shi
shiawase
shibafu
shibaraku
shichi
Shichi'gatsu
shichi'ii
shichi-j[
shichi-kai
shichi_nin
Shi-gatsu
shigoto
shi-lU

17

65

fl

lrb
119

7f
13f
lrl,
50
bh
&1,
t+

lrlt
50
167

Lt'

. . .shika

10f

Shikashi,

107

shi-kata

116

Ii9

101,112,

(+shimar.)

shin.
shinbun
shinbun-sha
shi-niku.i
Shinkansen
ShinkY6

lltg
17

101

131
185

101
185

58
101
101
116

59

59

Sore-dewa,

59

so|*rodo

119

10f

SoLe-ja,

oo

Sore-kara,
So-ren

11

sore-ra

11

soroban
56 shimash6.

95

Soshite,

b1
85

7f

soto

179

sotsugyo

53
28
59

suber'
suchuwddesu

(+sh6b6-sho)
sh6b6-sho
sh6chi

161

shime.

118
Lo1

sh6b6-iid6sha

shi-ka

Shikoku
shima
shimar'
shimaw'

',89 tr

Shiz6
shizuka-na
shizum'

16f

10L

t
,

101

shiki (+kekkon-shiki)

re.

shi-sna (+hon:shF)
,35
shita
r
11 oi
shitagi
'o' ,, 8q,.1,,
shitsuren
' '' 776 :'
shi-Yasu'i

118

-sha <+shokudd-sha) 125

35

29
125

hi

shirushi

161

13f

raita
raiio

137

16f

71

raisu

rEn-k6to
renraku

shir'

17,44

65

nsetsu'na

shi

95

(+Den-den'k6sh*

205

11,98

sore

101

shinpai

161

167
sen-getsu
23
sensei
16f
sen-shg (*sen-)
155
senta
lf
seruf u-taimd
fi
sEtd
Seto'naikai 101,112
65
setsumei
1f9
sewa

sakana-ya
sake
saki-hodo

rai-shE

roku-j0
roku-nin
roku-sen
romanchikku-na
rop-pyaku

119

"ir

-sai

11

{h

pan

seki

roku'ji

59

i&,

101

1I

P
pachinko

sagas.

lndex
q. -

n,n,,a

29

sugu

29
179

suiei
Sui-y6(bi)

-sh6ii

101

sukito

1f

sh6iiki-na
shoio

lLg

suketo

125

shokud6
shokud6'sha
shokuli

L1

suki

118

125

suki-na

125

125

sukiYaki
sukoshi

10f

83

'

125

59

53

sh6nen
shdrai

83

sukoyaka'na

113

65

sh6setsu
sh6setsu-ka

23

sum'
sumi (-kado)

155

65

Sumimasen.

sh6sha
-shu
-sh0

shuiin
-sh[-kan

101
107

52

101,107

101

7f

Sumimasen ga,

155
11

Sumisu
s0p6
Supein
Supein-go

29
11
16
16

shuppan (*shuppan'sha)

Supein-jin
supika

161

shuppan'sha 1bS
14'3
shuppatsu
137
shutch6
hl
shuto
47,77'98
s6
89' 90
. . .sd
52
sobo
98
sochira
113
sodat'
101
sofd
52
sofu
It1
sokkusu
23,98
soko
98
sonna
131
sonna'ni
11,98
sono. . .
16f
sora

supOtsu
suPdtsu-ka

l1

1t3

ltl
lt1

sup6tsu'Ydhin
sgpu
suriPPa

suru

187

28

53,137, 167

sushi

59

sutando

('denki-sutando) bl

sutii
suteki
sutereo
sut6bu
sutokkingu
sEtsu
s0tsu-k6su
suw'

fif

29

85
101
17

17
17

?f

', .i

206

suwar.

t7

Suzuki
suzushi

95
.i

89

r'{

ta(nbo)

181

tabako I

85

tabe.

53

tabe-kata

116

,,,

tabun
-tachi

58

taifai

89

11

Taihei-y6
taihen

10f

i..,.

53

taipisuto

185

taipuraita
Taisei-yb

85

(+Taihei-y6)

'|. 95

Takahashi

taka.

10f

.83

taishoku

lf

Takashi

95
65
65

taki
takusan
takushl
takushi-nori ba
tamago

If
tf

187

tama-ni
Tanaka

10f

ta(nbo)
tanj6bi

131

tanoshi
tanpa

11

taore.

tashika

-:?
':i,

65
59
161

r{i

53

10f

tat. (to stand up)

tat. (to start)

179

tawd
tazune.

lf3

te

53

113

lrl

tebukuro
teburu
tegami
-teki-na

16f

tekisuto

17

tekkyO
tenisu
tenki
tenkin
tenki-yohd

35

53

181

59
58

13t
89

tenpura
tenrankai
tpu-rek6dd
tera
terebi
terekkusu
tetsudd

to

119

89
71

47

23

tsumori
tsutome.
tsuyo.i
tsuyu

ltrg

131

L1

yoh6

101

95
89

11

59,95

uchi
ude
ue
Ueno

181

35

23
58
53

ugok.

uisuki
uke.

59

16f

uma.i
umare.

83
59

umi

ya
-ya

29

Ya,

lt1

yakkyoku

29

11

yama
Yamada
Yamamoto
yane
yangu
yasai
yasai-sarada
yasashi . i
yasu. i
-yasu. i

41
29
1lr3
23

I 16
1f8

unten

28

yattsu

tlt

95

uriba
urusa . i

155

usagi
ushi ro
usu. i

161

uta

113

35i

y6

...y6
yob.
-yo(br)

yogore.

lr1
85, 17 0
155

89,90

wain
wai-shatsu

waka.i
wakamono

88
170

wan-wan

155

155

waraw.
7f
178
wariai
Wdrudo Erekutorikku I49
wasure.
llrg

watas.

131

watashi

11

watashi-tachi

11

Watanabe

95

65

47

yunyE

143

yushutsu

19f

Mon
yomi-kata
Y6mei

I 12

116

Itlt

yon
yon-hyaku
yo-nin

&lt

Ift

yon-iE

lrlt

floor)
yon-kai (4 times)
yon-sen

110

yor'

1&9

yon-kai (4th

Y6roppa

tlT

yoroshi.i

137, 17

65

A EC
Fr

44

10f

yoru

41

95

. . .yori

If

wakar.
. ..wane.

181

65

170

gs

29

10f

yom.

17,120,122

71

, y[bin"kyoku
r"l Yu-efu-6

58

w
..,wa
...w4.

5a
50

65
161

yoku

59
113

yubi

yuki
yukkuri
yilmei-na

101
161

i"

95

utaw.
utsukushi

. . .yo.

g9l

f1
95
95

I&

85,

yasum.
yasumi

101

yiibe

Yokohama

58

ur.

LL,"'

155

113

uokka

vo-ji
vdji

yottsi

| ,j vo-"su Erekutorikku
'', "b{
yiigata
95

83
29

113,

(+tenki-yoh6) 89
i ltf

14s
95

17

yao-ya

yo'l

Yoshida
Yoshiko
vosfri$"

Y6ka
Yokka
yoko
Y6ko

Un...,
unten-shu

lndex 20f
,:

-y6hin (+sup6tsu'ydhin)

65

!'*'

131

59,131, 158
.to
-to
155
+d4L
tob.
53
tocho
89
t6.i
35
toire
29
Tdka
50
tokai
95
tokei
1l
toki
179
tokidoki
89
tokidoki-wa
115
tokkyu
35
Tokoro-de,
101
112
Tokushima
T6ky6
23,112
tomar.
53
tome.
59
tomodachi
47
Tomu
113
tonari
35
tor.
65,83, 1I9
116,185
t6r.
toranjisutd-rajio Itg
t6ri
fif
toshi
83
Toshiko
95
Toshio
95
toshi-yori
83
T6sh6g!
&r
101
Tdzai-sh6ji
113
tsubura-na
Tsuitachi
J0
58
tsuk.
If
tsukai-kata
59
tsukam.
101
tsukare.
tsukaw.
lf
11
tsukue
113
tsukur.
tsuma
52, 16 1
tsume
161

..

tsumeta.i (+samu.i)

*.", ,

D
H

89

ff
28

z
zannen-na

Zannen-nagara,

65

18f

llrg
zasshi
181
zehi
185
2"112n (+k0k6)
107
zenzen
lf
zubon
95,167
zutto

208

APPENDIX IV

lndex Of Grammatical Signs

l\e

bold-face numbers indicate the pages showing how to make them.

48

A.i

18,2/r,26,49,90,96,
1,!16,170, 190, 188

A.katta
A.ku
A.ku-na.i

66,68,1/16
60,168

18,68,1L6

A.ku-na.katta 66,68,

1/16

A.ku(te)
168
N
12ff.
'. 78,26 ,90, 780
Na
N(a)
24,e6,66,90,96,1r0
N(a)-ni
60,168
V
ts
Vc
slfr.
vc. i
116
Vc. i-kata
116
Vc. inagara 150
V". ini
150
Vc.i-niku.i 116
Vc.i-yasu.i 116
vM
5L,60,62,7L6,162,
V.masen

Y.mashita
V.mashd
V.masu
V.nagara

V.nai

V.nai-koto
V.nakatta
V.nakereba
V.nakute
v.ni
v.0
VP

1sB

68,86
sL,86
8L,86
150,152
132, 134,

170, 17[t, 180, 186, 188

VP-koto
VP- no
Y.ta
V.tai
V.takatta
V.ta-koto
V.takunai

111t,116

11L, 116
gz, 7 r0,180
68, 1gz,

108,16L

V.takunakatta

68, 139
68,159

v.te

60,7g, g0, g/r, 102,701*,

V.u

1[6, 150, 16g

92,132,190
17,tr,

170,17,t,

vv

5lrtr.

49,66
62,66

VV-kata

116

Vt.nagara

150

7 8, 1.t6
1r9,56,10L

V".ni

150

Vv-niku.

V'-yasu.
132, 146

154

68,192

V. u-koto
V.u-no

150
68,78,86,

1.t6

go, 92,126,1/+lr, 1/16,

vx

11,+, 138, 16/+

i
i

120,126,164

These language aids have

been

116

of the osaka Universitv

116

experience as teachers

5lrff.

rrd" uu"
strd;";;;; have drawn upon their unrivalled
of Japaiese ,"J,"-ro""n authors.
o_f

Foreign

more information and details,

please contacf
ltd,.. tnternationat Division,
f4-4o-s,
Xln:r
For_

Kami-ikedai,
"9::

"I"^_irrr*,[."i-i!]'r"o*.
6389, cJi",'Cn-ririr.O.

Tetex ; GAKKENCO J2

!!one : (o3)
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7Zo_i 111

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