Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Organizational Architecture
Organizational Architecture
Organizational Architecture
Organizational Architecture
Organizational Architecture
Vertical Differentiation
facilitates coordination
ensures decisions are consistent with the organizations
objectives
gives managers the means to bring about organizational change
avoids duplication of activities
Horizontal Differentiation
Horizontal Differentiation
Functional Structure
A Typical Functional Structure
Horizontal Differentiation
Horizontal Differentiation
Product Divisional Structure?
A Typical Product Divisional Structure
Global Expansion
Stages 1, 2 and 3
The Export Department Structure
Stage 1: Domestic
operation assumes
responsibility for
international activities.
Stage 2: Development
of an export department
as international demand
increases.
Stage 3: Centralization of
responsibility for all
global activity.
International division
concentrates on
international expertise,
foreign market
information flows, and
international activity
authority.
Global Structures
Six basic types of global structures:
Global product structure - product divisions are responsible for
manufacturing and marketing worldwide.
Global area structure - geographic divisions are responsible for all
manufacturing and marketing in their respective areas.
Global functional structure - functional areas (production, marketing, finance,
and personnel) are responsible for the worldwide operations of their own
functional area.
Global customer structure - operations are structured based on distinct
worldwide customer groups.
Mixed or hybrid structure - may combine the other alternatives.
Matrix structure - operations have reporting responsibility to more than one
group (typically, product, function, or area).
Global Networking
Global Networking
Integrating Sub-units
simplest formal integrating mechanism is direct contact
between subunit managers, followed by liaisons
temporary or permanent teams composed of individuals
from each subunit is the next level of formal integration
the matrix structure allows for all roles to be integrating
roles