‘THEORIES AND MANIFESTOES f (Of Contemporary Architeche THEORIES AND MANIFESTOES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE Edited by Charles Jencks and Karl Kropf ‘es by yrs hes anos tos mates ie wale tap us facie nga inane nce W ey en a- wea Recs anata ts Noemie ioe is, ‘rio, ee, seed ae pa i abet ag an ‘rat. estas een, iar tl, i) “Tsao ot ty evans enact Ch eh i : sec ag lt man ite ns Ea se 4 ‘a a ess om 12 fe aga ey ec hizo ans The swt Mar aii te ay ere try sms re raneaten ees nop Pas Mbt aH and 2 soil Le Mee. er, ete Motrin, a] out smi is ans Sng at to, a ov, Cea ear Ga, et sa Beau a aha artes hehe Pease ut se Heat tem et oars en Ke, Dore Phys. ura ay Pi Ce os May a asa ca, itive cheat wh ny weg aca vn ang gt lh nr pla cana won SHOLSASINV GNV SSIHOSHL hres Jee st masa ata ee ea ad ego mason He aes Pas La Mab ‘ew Mes. Msn on psa ai er a ord oasis tox: Laz Pt oan Acit ten etn TA, ei ti ein, oe ra puede ar ets tt ape into et ech ape, igo be aos ani tution Wh tego es Nan a, eis mtt et Mega each Gouna lands cle bina Soa tn om eas ohana ts mae Sdn Ota Mel fSnFnc asec Faso 24 LK, ‘ACADEMY EDITIONSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘Sr pancuats can presraon cn ey ee Raina thd at oncogene el ph ee ch cele [eve ee fed Cater Scena itu ns ru tat pee Capiet © 197 ney Cong Liga Rent Nop Sepmninnerrette posh ou ecspr@haars Serie ara ate - Se ‘CONTENTS 1955 esse fram Garces al, Cx ‘ej oa ents Cape ‘99am Te ag a Be hy {ost worhcom Te stn oCa etn Ce 1366 spo won he Ah oC 3s acme vt Comp ah Contato i Ache 1a75 um The fit Moda Ar 1373 Soran ton pce {er emacs Cail Cy ‘wana Sa cht 157 seems a moe Ba, Merny and chet {a7e ovens ant cect Te comrtotthee {amt samen wo he Tht ety {973 cua seen Th fines yf Bal 1500 oocoe arent oud! Nas yee Spc nH i Op an a Wk 1900 marca Towa ceca 1900 aco ran Theor Pont {aan oe Seon Py of Te "ammo eae & Cnr rat Archie "on er i i oa {5a wor he henge tet cans Pp ois 193 ms Yona Nw hese Fl eegese eyuzesaeeun sessuesenss *Tero Pt and Toop mcrae Ds wt ae {aon guavome mine inet apa Os {204 meses he Cane Coe Fn tei he ane eno ‘outa atl Er a ce Ah ‘om tn Pact Dien "91 anasesonoue The mover pe ‘i mmc i ra "pe renene seman Oma kp Deir ‘veommruactsar Te Yr of tan {ize anny hor an haere ‘ivamwanene ones Rca ft Epa Cy ‘Wop merci conse te Cyn Ste {ies omer roannmor Cis wr he {ise ton ne ug oe hc 19h stn OS, lac a eda {shen wai eh 197 ne als Mason Hose pec ‘90 verre eran aduonl Nee Yom mcmentan "oat acannon ett Pcs nse Aan {aseratcnopon Te Detcrmint of chica om tegen nn nt Ph ae ‘ie nat a Non Sates Fo een ae eed 1982 saan Randomness Aare ces earn ane iceman aon we cal eames a es ieee enene eee 1931 pau imemano Upsite Down eames Sa ee {14 waeootnans Wha re Happened to Unban eee SS EERE BUYEEU ERE:CHARLES JENCKS The Volcano and the Tablet [Why do politician nd architects write manfestes? When Karl Mar wrote The Communist Manso he was no ying o rode a piece of iterate ~ noe interret he word Be sd bat change Our entry, as Ulich Cotas has shown ia bis book Programmer and Manfextoe on Twentet-Cntury Archit: ture (1968) hac tered he schitzetual manifesto into a predictable event. Ur thle or unwiling wo adverts, am architect mst Become well kaowa in othe ‘moa besides bldings,Otker profesional se the manieso fo the sae ea om and he spring thing shat altough politicos, theologians and ais {Ul wrte them ~constaly~ they do ot pve the geare uch thought Is ‘sat fem, ke he ai, with iow ues of bei wit and ema ste ‘The fist architectural manifesto, o ales for decorum, was God's Ten ‘Commands Plato called God te acts ofall things andarchitets play ‘Gal whe hey make arbirary decison and adopt one teoy ter hn spathee In the Bible de ukimatecesor ad several sinc percoliies which He used ‘ectvely, in oppsiiono cach ter abstract restr, ware Lov, lav-gver tnd personal fen. As Jack Mie shows in is psycho histor. Go A Biography (1995), the was type the Lad. aspire fet and awe, ke aco ace 2 huicane o foo. He does his a rele, as Heer he shows compassion nls people what kind of bugs hey shoud consi. The pod manifesto mies if teor runaway emotion nd charm with lof common Is Esodus, whch Moses slang the nels ot of Egypt, He ful of _evocdaldelrtons which ar mel ight followers ino moots." ‘wll ry bot ut he memory of Amaek frm under eave’ He predits and {so announces corhed eth policy asia the wnforanate Canaantes, who tontip ater gods As Nctrachs ua then Le Corbusier quoting Nctrche were Inert proclaim nic asf: hr wha ou lve ove what you bar “The gente demande Mood ~altbough ou wil ind hat Robert Venu writes 0 gel manifest “The mais for destraction —toinspie erin ode tcreste wi 2nd eho ony ey anspret ad they lea othe fst declaration of architectural ‘Minimalism inthe fumoss Declogse of Commandments Moses, braving much ‘cosmic eof lighlening and thunder, aes istabes op Mot ition whieh 6 Theories ond Manifestoes arinsrted the rules gains eprestton “Thou sal ot make unto he any stun tte ry coco fy thing tt a baron swe et arth beneath. Why thi junction gaint icon andimage? esate Tho shalt hve noche gas before me. Thos shat not how down hye hem nor Serve hem fr the Lon hy God am jess Ga. Jt to prove the point He desta the architect cites of thse who flint idolatry. even hse ofthe ales, Enforcing pry and orthodoxy, we wil sc, is ill tactic of Moderns Late Modernist nd Prince Care, with his Dealoge of Ten Principles. These were delivered as a religious leader might do, ina manifesto called A Vision of ‘Briain Those who write manifests eles popts wt cll the las ery danning ote teacher I God is appear to Moses in fran hander 1 Heys down the great mral coe of "hou sha shal a hen i nl sence in areitzcture is gully trestening. Mose ives the laws monuen- tal setting and puts the tbls i “the ako the covenant. Then, ‘When Moses haafnishe is work the coud coveted the Teat of Metin, ad the Presence of the Lod filed the Tabernacle... Over the Tabernacle aco ofthe Lod rested by day. and fre would appear int by aight in the view fle house of ral root hi journey" ‘The image of God is setng. What load by aya fe by lg? A ovean. Is dhs esi spay of violence and strength which makes the ‘muito memorable paycholgially impress, Tees one re inet ‘spel othe gene the pen element. "The Lardasod to spesk 0 Mose fe 0 face one speaks to eed and thee ae many other pessages which penon stn the menage both Moses ud the chen poop The mot festive man fetes riche Le Coir Towanda New Arcee (1923) ont eeeas ‘header as you and tts the in ween a ped pc ial pet ‘ween author conve. A manifesto mus manifest meagso you, perc. The voleno the exponen of mason), he tablet he asa hore) abd ‘he personal vie: to thse thre ropes and strates have Been ad few moe: AWN Pugin. inthe hegnnng of he nineteenth centr. gve architect ‘he godbad comparative drawings inhi Conran ever since the lure with two lide projectors caught nin the 1920, thas been the stoek inde of Poems Al for rates a evident in Cop Hellas Arete Maat ‘Blase. New Moder manifesto of 1980, Here we find The Bad ~Biedemiet ~ ‘ers The Gond~an architecture th tigi uy’ and the two ae dstngised inthe int person paral We ae tied of secing Pllado aad ter bisa ‘Charies Jencks 7mus) Heres the Tablet of Vins ~ architect tht i ery smooth ard Angulfe.And the woanie violence ~"aehiectare mas laa and bleed, ‘oleae and the ition are allarks of the New Mader manifest, as ‘one ca ce with he wetngs af Tscum Kips, Wipe. Woods and ahers. ‘Often crcl of Masri humanism sto anbropomorpie. it pres atype ‘fants anim, This was Peter Eisenman’ eadiag of Foacult and the ne paradigm coming ont of France, nd in 1976 he userd inthe break fom Late Modernism. His tice ‘Post Functional’ ws also opposed to the incipient owt Moderns, So, gsm poemical pions have toe jealously asserted in ‘opposition to cach ter, node to Keep the tribe pare, nd iti osceident that Eisenman the master theorist nd polemicist ~inseribd is tables inthe pages ‘his again, called signin, Oppasitons Esco the Le Corbusier ofthe te teateth century aes with spect {oformlating new hore, Theory ra kind of congealed manifest, its violence ‘sbirced become acepale nthe groves of care ince there are more ‘eademi architect live than ever before there more theory produced much ‘fitwrien in aturgidndimgenerable spe Sil Le Cobuserand Eisenman rove thor isa engine facture and ike he cone inthe sine ‘eu the machine wich invents new types of ding ew respoases tothe ‘iy, Out isan age of theories responding to lagging word othe plobal Economy, eolgia ites and cultural contusions. nfs, these re a Econ ‘ppeof volano and thy darupt normal architectare a prove the respons of ‘Rem Koolats, lah Meagan Christi Neber-Schlz, mention ony thee ofthe thors reprined hee. Esennan, wih is Cardboard Architect of 197 ais work also shows thatthe oy can keep architecture hoses as well as inventing Thais no mall erin period which has seen most cites te: ‘im othe comfor int "Te fc hat isenan shold wits Late Moers manfrtoin 1972 defending the atone of fra then four yar ter amp wo New Modemism hat places man amy from the entre of his worl! brings at x suring aspect contemporary architects, Aten suprised me, fer Kael Kropf and oced ‘he contributors int the four man pigsnhoes you wil iad. Te clsifetion ‘ater we sed eves tht few architects jmp between ations, Frist, Sometine after 1980, Leon Kier sli from Post Moers to Tradition: Kennet Frampton, woslly stacking Post Moderism, produce hs highly inential ‘say supporting it "rial Repinaism’ in 1983, before jumping back to 8 Theerlesend Manifestoes ‘Late Modern, with his writin on tectonics in 1589. From the seventies tothe ‘ees, Rober Stem moved fam Post Mderaise to Taina, Chester ‘leande from Lite 6 Pout Moder, and 0 i goes. There ate intresting tof al the proean reo, ike Michstangelo, may go though for periods simply beet hes restive — ini ase fom Early to High Renisasce i then fom Manaernm o Barague Ecrmas an example of this eer self tuansformaton, Secondly, the maverick, Hke Pili Jobson, my jump beck an forth because 1s Johnson says, he and his audience get bored. Third, an mast. ‘petal change may igiy a abi in culreand the development ofan architect. oen epesents a espns to ne press, explosive nonarite- ‘ara promt in sh, the second typeof voleano. “The at at most aches loyal tune apo git obvious anit allows ato to grow i eppsition to each other ~ dally ~ and thus Prodace varied envionment, «maxima choice fr secey Ye there ae a few cites who no only ut across eateries in ime bat domo fi api it ‘ty adn, With thet, the more ula ones, thet is always thet ‘ation, a with hose sch a¢ Frank Gehry and Ec Moss, nents gener ‘ee hive limited ouseves 1 four major approaces classifi hy the most preva len deiner, placed he ih, he eal, within the expansive Pos Mad radi aod economism areal etc of Late Modes Caps Definitions Wis always edtve to define growing, complex movements always Foothandy became it can never be done satisfactory and always necessary inode 10 Tradna orhiectrewhote reset exponents bre or Loon Kier Det Porpyriog and Prince Charles. Tht movement ackward quite cbvouly ule ‘oferta the caborston of constuction andthe vernacular. The ideal a ‘ional architecture area classi proportion that eet an ordered cosmos ba ms. Talos! architecture, although it never completly ied, reassened it ‘elf nthe mid-oventie ait ike Post Modernism, rested 0 ban dsaiion Charles Jencks 9Late Modem archers page or ecnocrati ints social Melogy ileal 160s iy of tt Seren oes oo ‘mbt on technology andthe atonony of form th exaggeration of pei tus tetorie,chricterses the athtectr, a often hapren in “Late period, Lite Modem athictr, alo facing the popaar ection ofthe “dumb tox, eyeloped afer 1963 in ascalpura direction the aiculted ox ~ snd towards tm elaboration of strc, evises nd jit: Hih Tech ‘er Modem architecture decnsrucive of Moder fre and ies, her rec incoing, often fragmented and isso fom, se conrad by i tenon ani-humanist and, spatial, explosive. Often the intention iso weave ‘Opposites together and deconstract rations fromthe nse, nore igh Hk diferenc, theres and oa alination from the coxmos. Benning in the Inte 1970 8 ection ohh Modernism an Post Modernism it his bee enced the pilosophy of Dean he oral language othe Conracivis “hence its most visible maiexttion, Deconsrctiviem Pont Modern arhtectaredosbly Jac oh he 19705 ‘The Philosophy of Metabotisan ‘Warelped me discover lanes culture. A stod amis the rin of Nagoys {he thd arget cya Japan, bere was nothing but scorched earth fo as a 9 they could te. Inconrast othe deste suroadings the bie of be mou tainrnge onthe horizon was dazaing tthe ees. Lremember ha aber’ [vay contained works on classical Greck aad Roman achtesture and many ‘mes by writers sucha ohn Raskin and Willam Mons Reading boks of this Kind formed in my mid an image of architecture and of cites av emis fabich ae cera al donot lve hei quay even if they are estoy (923) "The Metabole movement. came at being through he preparsions fc tbe ‘Word Design Conference Those reparation sed fr vo yess epnnigin {9 and daring the conference te Metaboli roup made its st delat Metabolism 1960 ~A Proposal fora Ne Urbano. The people who olabo- td on this book were rchiets Kin Kikuake. Fumihiko Maki, Masso ‘Oka and mya and graphic designer Kiyoshi Avara ‘Ake psge in thr dclrtion read: “We ear human society a8 vital prover continuous development frm tom to nebula. The reason Why We se {he bili word metabolic that we bev design and technology should ‘not man vali, We dot bly that metabolism indices only accept te of «nara stra proces, but we ae trying fo encourage the ative ‘testi evelopment of our society through oa proposals’ This an por {ant clement in our declarton fortwo esoes. Fs it reflects our feelings that aman society must be regarded 8 one part of a oninuus natal ety that tcc al animal and plants, Seon, expresses our bei tht ehnology 68 Theories and Manifestoes ‘van extension of mani Tis belief contrasts wth the Wester Bele that scization sa repton of confit batweeaechnolgy and humanity. (927) “Obviously growth ofthe population and change inthe age src f the opalation ret inflenc he nate fee, pes of evidence and nate of citer! spaces, Fathemare the sped of ppsaton gromth has made it ‘mponbl to san bousing demand rough he rary constuction methods tthe pst. As long sthese conditions persist he architeet must ote them passively asthe inevitable ress of chological progres. Ines be mus tip geople to master technology ad strive to produce a sytem whereby changes ‘Secor the esl of human judgement The arches jb soto propor eal Indl for society, but o devise pati equipment ht the ciizens he msces an operat. (628) 1 Crs sai that cos consist of iving pce, working spaces, nd esta spaces comedy mods tansport Method of tanspr shouldbe teetamined spars ofthe space in which we ie. Hee the important eres ov the rnd, which hs he oe fin of providing a place fr vis ops, tte suet whichis pro diy ile pce a has many fonctions. (80) the sume ine tat the apideonomic development of apn began 1960, «te Meals poup advocated he raion of ne relationship between buna iy and tchonogy. Tiking ht te tne would come when technology woul! ‘eel tooo the pit where trl human ifthe group aimed wong ye herby man would maintain contol oer hoon Rapid coon roth in on instalation such apn pombe the deve pnt of ehnclogyofaKnd more dynamic than anything evs known Takis no thought given the roc significance of paces ro vale udee- nents abot proiding peopl wih pleasing symbols. The soc consideration seo Somicefceny and prot Weadvocted the aplication of metabolic yee theory away of ating these cndton.Thistheory proposed reorganization which vies acitectrl and urban paces into levels extending from the major © the sibordinate and which makes ety for human beings to contro thei own ‘By dtngishing becween the part oma change andthe prs that mst te reserved itis posible sien the prs that mst pesodaly be repled In or pln fora prefabricated apartment bling poet, we devised a way of ‘scaling a numberof basic elements s0 381 eeute such major spaces 8 ‘edraoms aad living rooms. Capsile uni, stached fom te ouside, were wed for subordinate spaces Hike those ofthe Kitchen and sevice units. Tis kind of Post-Modern 69breakdown and recompostion of ritectre enables indviual expression and the practi charter forthe individual room nthe cts: i sth- lhe kind of entity hy means of things that the case of baling in the mem archtectar se, were buried within boxe forms... (81) "rhe lation betucensoity and are is an open oe. Beauly not created solely by thea i complete by the etn, the wsers andthe peta, ‘thoy eo doing contsibate os resin, employ indusriaization pelea ‘on, nd caption a ways of evoking this Kind of parteipation "heieve that what Teal medi spce (oe e-space a erm sing the Japanese ‘word en, which means cnsection ot elatonship and in-between spe sei ‘ort in king th elatonship Between acetal seit and nature an open one (93) “Toe piniple that architecture shoul change with ime, the principle of ‘place and interchange, andthe pencpleo the metalic clea tells the bei hat architects, es and hamnity lf are ephemera, re sili accoed with the [Buds] doctrines of sansora and fatsanAltsenaas. "The thought of Metabolism s theoretical pilowphical We o ot ited tocreateFoms of ies, because hee ae ony the provisional manifestation of thoughts Forms nd ses oc in ensequeace of istrcal,emporal, spat ‘mate erapicl, oil, andsometimes prey persona contin. (93) intend my cape spaces wo be «delaration of warn spport ofthe estoraton ofthe ork indvidoum, which has Been lost in te process of modernization (Cape Declaration, 1969). is ee agin necessary To eect. ‘the mystica iplatedin ach dn absrcted universal pace. By exam ining paces for individuals we mar sok ew relatos betwee he nial and ec. The capatespace, wich i repesetation othe orient ivi, fenota pat ofthe pec faite to which is atached The apse and the bling exit in contradiction yet muta ncade each ter Architect that eresenain of he viel individu would ot be apt of he iy Soc architecture and cis wou exist in contradiction bat would atl nce another. The sme kind of eatin should exit betweesachitetue and ‘fur and between aman beings nd techaclogy. The philosophy fin-berween ces and en spss sould bel ke posible a change of ireton towards ‘taning such relations (936) Exact Source Kao Kurlan Maton Acre, So Vit Lenden 1977 70 Theories and Manifestoes 1977 KENT C BLOOMER AND CHARLES W MOORE Body, Memory and Architecture Tokng exception te mort peterson of Modem Chater Moore (925, Benton Hor Mga 1993) espandd with warning ard sent to place This essay Pst Modem Combinations deorsvoted i both is weit ad is alg, the laterincicing te Fy Cu ot Unversty of Calf Sara ‘eta (1968) rat hes So Rech aoa (1969) Kresge olege Une of Cara Soma Cruz (1973) andthe Piazza ttl oh Pores Actes and UG) (3979) Place, Path, Pattern and Ege ‘The indice othe har nner word of landmarks, coordinates, bears, andespecaly boundaries serves, we Believe asthe en humane ating point for he orpnization of he space rounds which ethan beins Pere, ‘nhabite by os We propose ere to look una the architect ulin Backs ‘ihe etn pace tha surrounds sto pura thet rom the Roundy of he India od othe st shred bony the howe), and beyond ound ‘es shared by ager an ager commits, ssing how they cose a meat far sens of ourselves. “The building Blocks that mankind long 40 invested with ming were de sere in caplr on: columns, wall andthe oo een thems: porches nd treads: towers 10 Which they SUCH up: Ooms and heuths which the walls close: and dors windows wich elt am iit the et ofthe worl These forms have been iporanto humankind ees they acommaded the ina man ac of costing dweling te fist ange boundary beyond ‘he tod they accommede the at of inhabiting, they called seston 0 the sources of buna ney and to ur place between heen and earth ‘Beyond ta ist boundary the inventory of pees avaiable bald the woe ses not relly lengthen the variton are hinge ot off, ba of positon Though the tetures emai the sae, thechreopraphy’ of the pt them can ineasiy their inporance ous "Westar with the House (o palace or cated) staked ot in close homage to Post-Modern 71‘tm human (othe divine) bly and note how the coreograhy fava athe ose the pth ot) can endo messages stdnduce experiences whichheighlen itsimpotance a place, ar beyoad the boundaries of the house Tie the edges of ‘ies and beyond them the outer boundries of whole societies Win those larger toundaries re place olive ano work which range frm vt to bared and ‘which ince highly symbolic! public reas aswell a ucimed o-laes Monuments marking places of mor thn este importance wil be found most ‘often at ier the borers r thee. Al some pate of connections wil be Tad pon the earth within those Boundaries, generally producing 2 tof ines edges upon which our comprehension af the pce depends "Thc nhsited world within boundases then, can fll be ascribed sya of place, pat, patem an edge, Win each oes ou acitectaral nering lttangerens canbe considered whic are mae 10 respond othe nar and Scape wll ato human bodies ad memories (997779) ‘man Itt in Memorable Places ‘areitecte, the making of Paces, as we rope amate f extending the ‘met anscape of human being nto the word in ways tat are comprehcesib ‘aperimtal andinbabable, nd the eect world sch ininstanees of the soezs, what then sso dematally wrong with the way we ul tay ‘ny do people no ike ust hones and aparients? And why fave we been ly of deszcraing or oblcaing the landscape perfidy the hand of man? ‘Why, has hae the sds cor wol the places we mak fr our own in ‘ntti, which are defensible and fe rom the chaos or dangers ontsie,in ‘ur entry Dvere for any the bate ze, wil in wilderness the hope of the cath And why isthe nly chine forthe wr tought be Forman keep tis handoff the paces he has ot et destroyed? Whats msing moor dling tds tthe potential tasactons betwen ‘dy, imagination, bd enrnmeat Is absurdly xs to build and apalnay ‘nyt build edly, Como is conse withthe absence of sensation. The nom has become roms siti’ 3 constant temperature without any verti tr eatlock er sunshine or eze or discernible source of heat o centro as, Ineanng, These honogencous environment equi lite of ws and they give Tite in etm beds the seker af cubical cocoon Bung, we are cet, given enough core arecapble of repaying tha ae (ancavronmenta isaac of re east upon the wales coming bckelub snd trices), We wil ee increasingly frou buildings if there i sme meaning 72 Theorles and Manifestoes ede in them: if ther re definite Boundaries o contin or concern: if we can ‘etal inhi thm, their saces aking thm as our own in stying ways i ‘ecan establish connections inthe wih wha we know and elev ahi i We en share oar eccopancy with thers, ou ful, ar group, ou iy: and importantly hee same sens of human rama, of transport of tensa, of alsin of forces, otha the involvement dares. ‘Thespesia, immaculate coisin in which bldg or ndscape pieces come ‘sharply up against one anther without on hindi identities op ‘especially importa inthe making of memorable places classic examples the gros pla of San Francisco, which cles with scp ils i alee which has nt sutendeed the identity of he ils, bt indeed as sengtened "hie iage in the wet of dete switchs which mak the ri faction ‘Architectural design become, such an estas acoreography of allson, hi ike dance choeopapy, des not ina he ine ity oft pa inthe roces of expresing a collective aement though them. Choreography. we be cv. isa more weal er tha compotion, beau of it mich leer inp ton fhe human oan body'sinbabiaon ad experience of pce. nate simpler tine, perspective danings taken roma single station pit could derive ‘he visu inteatons of the designer and his oer intone were undensood seems significant inthis connection, however, tht the architectural works of Michelangelo, clesly meant be experienced wth al the bay, wee never al ‘mts Sarnen Here work, esr nd colle ae sigan compact. turban dsc The sz ofthese dts x Buh a pysical and a social oe ‘an aly be checked onthe historia model... pp38-2) "The tet andthe square ae the only and ycesary model fr he eensr= tin of publi alm In ths comet, weal sires the neesaysaketial la tionship between bulding typology aad morphology of urban pace and ise hat lect, the correct elaonshipof morment (pic bigs) and the more anonymous urban fabri (bling fo priate 3) (958) rac Sane: Rta chine Ratnl:Te acne fe Eugen Cy Eerste Avatar Mocee (Bs) 1978 © eon Ker 76 Theories and Manifestoes 1978 ANTHONY VIDLER The Third Typology ‘Aso cated nthe extended exhbitn catalog Raton Arch: tecture. ths ey 6 Anta Vier rides whot spt the most neve aca the eos bend te ype mahal npoach to octecue a prised pray bythe ons ch {Ato Ros ad Cv Ameria A gue of Cage Le Sy Stal of cece, Ver Nos taught tthe Arcitectrl Assen Lend he site fcc ere Prton nest and ow ete ot Cel Unity In te thi polo. an exempisein the work ofthe new Rao there ‘sno tempt at alin. Colin, bose, ad urban pce, wil linked in an unbreakable chin of comma, fer only to thir own trea architecture ements, and thee peometies ae nether naturalistic or tcl but ener ‘aly rhtctral es lear ht the nature refered onthe reat design i no more or less than he tre ofthe ity tl, mpi specifi sail cor- ten fom any parca tie nd allowed speak imply of ts wfc ‘Te city is considered a whole, its past and present ees in it pyc structure I's in sel and fil new typology. This tology ist balk up ‘ut of erate elements norassembled at of objet lasified acconing ose, Social ideology. o echnical characteris it stands complete and ready tote 9300 Pfesor of crite ot Colaba Users on hstarian and ete af Maen ache A ern f sey was st published in Perspect 1982 and year lotr i Ho! Fosters clean The Ant-Aesthetic: Esaye on storm Cute eng pecs by re Hobos Car} Jimeon the bok sated the reeaing impart of cia ‘hea nthe dope of te Pot Mort debt Fmptons Contnbutan ater dea me couse beeen he exter: cf Enignnmare akon ad New Hstvcst materalim, ‘Cri Reglonalism and World Culture Architect can only be sustained today a a real practice if it assumes an arriée garde postion, hts to 3, one which tance lf eal fom the Enlghennent myth of popes and from a eaconury, uzeslsti inpue © ‘ern othe athectni forms fhe prendustril pst. Arica arire-pade has to emove lf om Ba he eptization of abanced ecology andthe ver reset tendency regress int nostalgic isons rte gly does "ive Is my contention hat ly an aera as he apy toca ‘0 aniveratectigu. Tex nseaay to qualify the term arg x0a 1 diminish es iat ope frm uch comeratve policies ax Poplin or sentimental Regional, ‘ith which i has olen Ben toca In det ground arr gard in rooted et tical strategy, te lp to pprptate the er Cet Regions ‘sma coed by Alen Toot wa Lane Lear in The Grid nd th Paty cass) ait place is clear fom the above that Ceca Regionals depends oa ‘maintaining ahh evel fetal selfconsciouses. Irma fin its governing ‘nspisonin such things asthe range nd quality fhe loa ight, rina tectonic esived fom a paricularstractural mode ein the topogniphy of given she Post-Modern 97“The case cam be ade tht Coal Regionalism a «cla stegy sas noch ear of word cure a ii vet f universal ciization And ‘niet isobvioesly misleading wo conele of or nhering weld ele tothe me degree wea al eso univers inci, subj to the mgt of both, we ave no choice ‘wet o tke cognizance today of thir ineraton nth regard the practice of Chital Regionalism is comnget pon » proces of double mediation, Inthe Fit place, it ast ‘sonic the overal spectrum of word culture which it inevitably inher inthe second place, that achive, through yee con traction, a manifest crqn of univers civilization (pp20-21) Svan its nonetheles eden |The Resistance of the Place-Form ‘While we may emai sceptical ao the mer of grounding rica practice ina concept so hermetically metaphysical as Bing. we ae, wes confronted wih the ‘higtos plastesnews four made envionment aoeteles brought posit tier Heidegger, the absolute precondition of «bounded domain node to create ‘architecture of resistance Onl such a defined Boudry wl permite ball foxm o stand against and once telly to withstand na instittionaltense = the enlles proces fi ofthe Megalopais “The bodes plice form, ts pulic mode, slo eset to what Hana Arendt as termed the spc of human appearance’ sie the evolton epi mae power has always en predicate upon the existence of the pois and upon ‘omparabe units of nstitaiona and pysia fom, Whe the poate ofthe ‘Greck poi i not stem dety fom the physical pesence and representation ‘fh city-state ceplayed in contest othe Megaloplis the anon atibues turban density ‘While the ststegy of Cita Reon a utined dove adresses itself msn tthe mannan fa expresive density and resonance ina achite tar of esitance (aca densty which under oa’ conditions could sd to be penal eave in abd of ial ince i pens the wero manfld ‘perience the provision of a place fr uly erential oes pa ‘ein as asst thet, nah nttiona ese s necessarily ‘ependant on aclery defined domain, Pehas te mest genericexampl of sch tn wan form isthe peimetr Hock altough ter eae, ntropective pe tay he evoked sch the galleria the arom, the forecourt and the labyrinth (92425) 98 Theories and Manifestoes ‘5 Catare vs Nature: Topography, Context, Climate, Light and Tectonic rita Rpionalism cesar iveves amor dtc lect elation with satire han the moe abstract formal ato of morn avant gue cite tute alow ‘The buldozng of an ier topography into a at ts clery a techno rai etre which aires oa condition of ace placelernet heres the tercig ofthe same stew rcv he tepid frm of ailing is am engage ‘nent in the act of citing the Cleary seh a mode of brboding nd acing rings one close once agin to Heidegger's etymology athe sume tie it evokes the metod alld toby the Swiss architect Mario Bora as “bling the sit ts posible are ttn "his ast stance the pei cate ofthe region th to. sory i both a geological and an agricultural sense ~ Becomes incribed nt the fm nd realization ofthe work. Tis inscription, which ies ou "ining he bailing st the site, as many levels of spine, frit hs caput 0 Conon bul form, the prehistory ofthe plc, archeological pa and ts subsequent cutvation ad transformation ars tine. Though this tyering nw the ste the osgnerse of pie find heir expression witht alin ito sentimentality ‘A consunYegiona eto’ of the Frm arses dety rom the face ta cerain climates the laze pera i advanced, while im oes ite ceed behind he masory facade (o aternatvely shielded by ata sun beaker) "The way in which ich openings provide appropiate venation so const Despite the era importa of topraphy and bth pinay pnp of setitectrlastonomy resides i he fectonc rater than the cena has this tomy x embodied inthe reves ligaments of te con sttion and the way i which the sytactal erm ofthe sractaeexpily ret the action of avy obvious hat his form of couse of the od one he eam) athe bad ering (he column) canoe brought it Bing here he sctre ie masked erie concealed "Te cto emis oy 6 potenti mens or iing play etwsen trl erator and gravity sa yield component whichis inf conden sation ofthe enti stucture. We may speak here ef he presentation stra tural poetic rather than he representation of facade Post-Modern 99(6th Vial vs the Tete “The tse ese of he place form and he capacity ofthe boy 1 en he avrmeo in ems ther tan tov of sgt lone sgget potent sate for resting the domination of nivel tckoooey (ne hs mind woe range of complementary sesory perceptions which erie bythe ile bythe itty of igh, darkness, het and old the felng of mi th roma of miter the almost papa presence of masonry the dy senses tom confinemcu: the momentum of an inde {tan the elaive inet of he dy as traverse the forthe echoing 0 ance of or on Fal ‘Chit Repos secksto complemen! ur nomatve visual experience by readesing the tactile ange of uma pereptons. ns ding, endeavors 1 talance te priority acon the image an to counter the Wester tendency 10 ert the envieament i excanively perspective ems ‘The actle opposes itself othe scenogrphic andthe drawing of ves ne the surface frei sept to aoe tempus lo touch tus the archi {othe poets of consraction and othe erection of work in which he tetone ‘aloe of each component depends upon the density ofits bjectood. The tee ‘oni andthe act joy hae the capt to rane he mete appearance the tcl in mich the same way’ a he place-form has the potenti wi stand the relents ought of lob moderuization(pp26-29) ‘arcs Soc Hl Foster ade A est on ozmosem Cate Ba Fert Tonsend (ah) 178.0 By Press Aversion hs was rs pub 100 Theorlesand Manifestoes 1983 LUCIEN KROLL The Architecture of Complexity ‘Archect ond wars, Len Ke fb 1927, Bear) hoe ben rete fr appre anes etd nd eet of gan sade’ He was an eaty acest of prtcatry ds a ‘approach thet produced one of hs mostwetkown bung he Pare fut Bangs Compe, Ca Unversity Lawcin (1970.77). Te Azctecere of Corpexty he exons the ‘oye of ching ane within the cna of on dst (aed bul proces, Diversity Diversity encourages cea while repsttion ansesthetiss i Often asite- urs oo homogeneous sometimes hecase of self cet dsr tse buld- ‘ngs spat fom thei context, sometimes hecse ofa exaggerated esti ernment which tends oa peels ‘architect architect. Bt whatever the cause, ach homoge makes fit forthe wer 6 ad anything of tee own, and we low tht ch resource of popular creativity which can ans foum a spac into a place aa ive ie ewe were able to bin he pace ad the means allow the ibaa to guns heir own buldings. hey would by eer omn ffs generate both the ‘Sve and the cane relation othe fabri which sacking that hs lays ten the are. However, withthe inited and prensbed conditions under which we woek today it i very aout achive sch nde ow could ope combine the advantages of organisation and sont? ‘Trough real or simulated paticipation by inhabitants and hough oar effort plot the vanity suggested by the place and time we at able w pace