Treasure Hunting Magazine Feb 2015 (Kat) - Superunitedkingdom

T
reasure
hunting
BRITAINS BEST SELLING METAL DETECTING MAGAZINE
FEBRUARY 2015
Revisiting A
Roman Coin
Hoard Site
Seal Matrix
Pair Sells
For 151,250!
Celtic
Stud
Find
Monthly
PAS Report
How To Make
A Sand Scoop
Field Test
Nokta Fors Core
Get in the
Spirit of Adventure
Safari Success Story...

I received a weak signal from my Minelab
Safari. This signal turned out to be the
find of a lifetime. My first find was a silver
Saxon pin and the second was two Saxon
square ended type brooches and another
Saxon pin
- GREG SWEETMAN, UK.
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Publishers
Dan Golbourn and Sally Constantin
Editor
Greg Payne greg@acguk.com
Assistant Editor & Design
Judith Barclay judith@acguk.com
Contents
Advertising
Dan Golbourn dan@acguk.com
News & Views
Design & Layout

Christine Jennett
10
Readers Letters
13
Good Luck or Fate? Gary Lewis
Published by
Greenlight Publishing, The Publishing House,
119 Newland Street, Witham, Essex CM8 1WF
Tel: 01376 521900 Fax: 01376 521901
E-mail: info@treasurehunting.co.uk
www.treasurehunting.co.uk
Newstrade Distribution
Comag Specialist, Tavistock Works, Tavistock
Road, West Drayton, Middlesex UB7 7QX
Tel: 01895 433800
ISSN 0140 4539
Printed in Great Britain
2013 Greenlight Publishing
Established 1977
We will thoroughly investigate any complaints notified to us
in writing by our readers of any unsatisfactory transactions
entered into following any matter published in this magazine.
However, we shall not be responsible for death, injury, loss,
damage or delay of any kind whatsoever to any property or
persons howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly from
the use in any manner whatsoever of information including
advertisements printed in this magazine. Any course of conduct followed or any transaction entered into by the reader
arising from anything published in this magazine is so carried
out or entered into at the readers sole risk.
The views expressed by the contributors are not necessarily
those of the publisher and accordingly we do not accept any
responsibility in relation thereto.
18
One Step Away The Windmill
Hennwinkle
25
Moot Points David Villanueva
34
Jakes Foreign Jottings Jake Davison
40
Foreshore Market Hot-Spots
Ted Fletcher
48
A Roman Coin Hoard Revisited Gary Smith
51
From Persecution to Freedom of Belief

Part 2: Freedom Allan Wallace
54
Club and Rally Round-Up
64
Field Test Nokta Fors Core Toddy Irvine
67
Book Review
69
Spotlight on PAS Finds Lucy Ellis
Front Cover
The re-excavation of a Roman coin hoard site
read the article by Gary Smith on page 48
74
Build Your Own Long-Handled

Sand Scoop Mr. Beach
Mags For Sale

If you have any difficulty getting your copy
of Treasure Hunting from your newsagent
call 01895 433800 for your nearest stockist
78
Rays Roman Collection (Part 2)
March 2015
Subscriptions posted 30 January
On sale in the newsagents 6 February
Henry VII
gold angel
Page 55
80
82
85
Alan Charlish
13th-15th century
buckle and plate
Page 26
Auction Round-Up
Getting Started on a Tight Budget
Mike Armstrong
Far & Wide John Paton
For an annual subscription

to Treasure Hunting
Roman
magazine for only 40
zoomorphic
visit our website:
brooch
Page 59
or call 01376 521900
Treasure Hunting, 1/4 page ad, Feb 2015, 64 x 190 mm
Romano-British
disc plate brooch
Page 13
Celtic hoards, large or small, we love them all. And we pay cash. liz@celticcoins.com 01263 735 007
February 2015 www.treasurehunting.co.uk
www.treasurehunting.co.uk February 2015
News &
Views
Obituary Paul Spencer
Leisure Promotions
New Showroom
On 2 January 2015 Leisure Promotions will open their brand
new showroom at Unit 18,
Orchard Business Park, Kingsclere, RG20 4SY.
Building on their enormous
success offering a friendly
expert service at competitive
prices, independent retailer Leisure Promotions, are pleased to
announce an expansion to their
growing business.
This expansion is part of
our plan to grow the business,
and increase the range of product that we are able to keep in
stock for our valued customers, Peter Turrell of Leisure
Promotions explains, With our
new facility we are able to offer
our customers a modern, custom designed showroom, that
is stocked with the latest products, handpicked by us, from
the best selling manufacturers.
We have taken feedback from
our customers and created this
space with them in mind.
Our customers across the
South of England need access
to quality products and superior

service, which we will continue
to provide for them, but now
in a more suited environment
with tea and coffee facilities,
free parking and more space.
We are continuing to develop
our on-line business and we are
continuously updating our website www.leisure-promotions.
co.uk, giving our valued customers information about latest
product and special offers. Our
Membership Club is also growing at a steady rate, and many
more people are experiencing
our fantastic after-sales service
out on site, as we help them
gain the most out of their metal
detector while enjoying a days
detecting too.
In the 1980s, Mick and Julie
Turrell started their first business venture and now have 30
years of experience in supplying
metal detectors and providing
land for their customers to get
out detecting on.
Leisure Promotions was
established in 1985, and Mick
and Julie have steadily grown
their business into what we
see today. Mick and Julies
son, Pete Turrell, joined Leisure
Promotions in 2012 and has
assisted in their more recent
growth in their online business
and building the Leisure Promotions brand nationally.
I am sad to report the loss of

Paul Anthony Spencer who was
born 7 May 1943, and died
27 October 2014. He passed
away suddenly at his home in
Sunbury on Thames and leaves
a wife and two children.
Paul was the designer of
Arado metal detectors which
were (and still are) renowned
worldwide and legendary in
their performance.
The range included the IBA
45, IBA 65, IBA 95, 120, 120b,
and the 320. Paul also worked
for the military in designing the
240 and 240t. These were for
finding the plastic land mines
(that only contained a small
amount of silver foil) which
were used by the Argentineans
during the Falklands Conflict.
The 120b was the best
UKDN
October Finds
of the Month
Artefact of the Month winner for October with a massive 74% of the votes goes to
Andrew Ramsden (Popsandme)
from Wetherby, W.Yorkshire
for saving this 1st-2nd century
Roman toggle (pictured here).
Well deserved winner for
Coin of the Month with 59%
of the votes goes to Swinging
Slow on discovering a Phillip IV
(The Fair) French denier.
Congratulations go to both
well deserved winners and
looking forward to seeing what
next months finds will produce.
known of them all, and Paul

told me once that the original
design was laid out on the back
of a cigarette packet!
Paul was always improving
things. I have a 9kHz 240 with
a 16 inch coil which is very
potent and still able to find
Celtic quarter units at amazing
depths.
He also designed a two
box machine that was able to
register a single sestertius but
still detect a hoard at 6-7 feet.
At the time of his death
Paul was working on some new
equipment. I tried the prototype and it was superb!
Without him the hobby
would not be where it is today.
He was a giant in the hobby,
and his death is a sad loss.
Mark See-Evans
UK DETECTOR NET is the

premier metal detecting site in
the UK and has been in existence since 1994. It must be one
of the longest-established metal
detecting sites in the world,
with a member list exceeding
7,000. Its aims are to promote
responsible detecting within the
UK, bringing together detectorists everywhere to discuss the
hobby, their finds, the machines
they use, and a million and one
other detecting related subjects that they are likely to talk
about. UK DETECTOR NET is
your portal to the fascinating
world of metal detecting.
Steve Anderson
Essex Numismatic Society

As well as our own November meeting, we provided two
speakers at a meeting of the
Chelmsford & District Philatelic
Society when David Jones and
Roger Barrett covered Chelmsford and District Note and
Token Issuers and forgery of
notes, coins and cheques over
the years.
On 28 November John Sadler of the Ipswich Numismatic
Society spoke on Numismatic
Books and other items he has
collected over the years. He
used no slides but brought for
us to see and handle a number
of books and artefacts some
of which had little to do with

coins but which were nevertheless interesting; most of our
members have collecting interests wider than just coins and
other numismatica. His talk was
followed by an equally wideranging question and answer
session.
On 23 January we will hear
a short talk from Society Chairman, Roger Barrett, on Edwardian pennies when he will cover
the coinage for the 200 or
so years from 1279. The talk
will be followed by our annual
Exchange & Mart.
Bob Thomas, Hon Secretary
Readers
Letters
Dont bottle it up! If you feel strongly about something, or would just like to
share your experiences, thoughts or tips with other readers, write us a letter. A
years subscription to Treasure Hunting (worth 45) goes to the best letter
each month. NB. If using E-mail please include your full name and address.
Address your letters to: The Editor, Treasure Hunting,
Greenlight Publishing, 119 Newland Street, Witham, Essex CM8 1WF
E-mail: info@treasurehunting.co.uk
Paul Spencer A Sad Loss

The sad news of Paul Spencers death prompts me to
recall the exciting times I
experienced using his Arado
120B way back in the days
when hammered silver
coins were pipe dreams to
most detector owners. I
found my first hammered
(Philip and Mary sixpence)
... and my first gold coin
(George III guinea) ... with
a 120B.
Thirty-odd years later I
was reunited with the very
same Arado 120B I had
originally owned. It had
slumbered in an attic for
three decades while other
detector designs and cir-
cuitry presumably caught

up with Arados wizardry.
I wrote excitedly about the
re-union in a TH article
which Paul read. He made
contact and went to inordinate lengths to refurbish
my 120B. Im very grateful
now that I took up his offer
to spend a day detecting
with him ... and that we
both found hammered silver on the site; I with the
120B ... he with the prototype of a new generation
Arado he was developing.
I hope he gets to use it on
the Elysian Fields in which
he now walks.
Ted Fletcher
Contact Details Please

If you are sending us an
article or letter, please can
you include your address
and phone number, and
email address if you have
one, which will be so help-
01909 476611
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Military Cap
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I was interested to see that

in Julian Evan-Harts article
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in Fig.5.
I can inform Julian that it is
for the Duke of Cornwalls Light
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Readers Letters
WINNING LETTER
Paul wins a years subscription to Treasure Hunting
From Near-Death Experience To Metal Detecting

I woke up in the hospital bed
in the Intensive Care Unit after
what I thought was a short
nap but it turned out I had
been in a coma for several
days. Waking up alone to
find several IV lines and various other things inserted into
your body might have been a
shocking experience until I
remembered my journey there
in an ambulance (lights and
sirens!) and feeling poorly!
They told me I had Swine
Flu and double pneumonia
and they had to induce a
coma. Next thing I knew I
had woken up and had a
tube down my throat into
my lungs and the aforementioned other devices inserted.
They kindly explained that I
was on the up after surviving odds of 70:30 against me
making it.
Four weeks later I had
learnt to walk again and I
spent another month at
home, building up my muscles and feeling rather pleased
to have got through an awful
experience and, although
there was some lasting damage and the promise of daily
medication for the rest of my
days I was pretty cheerful to
still be here!
During my enforced days
at home, I took short walks
(I couldnt manage more)
that turned into field walking,
and my discovery that I loved
looking out for out-of-place
or interesting objects in the
dirt! Within six months I had
bought my first detector a
Garrett EuroAce from those
nice people at Regtons, and
set about getting some permissions to go on.
At the same time, realising that I knew nothing about
the hobby, I applied to join
Hucclecote Metal Detecting
Club and got an email to tell
me I was on a waiting list
and the wait might be some
time. I wasnt too worried, I
had some farmland to detect
on and I am an avid reader
of Treasure Hunting and I
figured that if you dont look,
you will not find so I just got
on with it.
I had mixed results, and
found plenty of Victorian

coins, old buttons, horseshoes
and lots of other iron! Within
six months, however, Hucclecote Metal Detecting Club
got in touch to say they had
a vacancy and after another
three months of attending
meetings, they invited me to
formalise my membership.
I have never looked back!
They were very experienced,
and had some truly excellent permissions around
Gloucestershire. I celebrated
by upgrading my Garrett to
the XP Deus, but after lots of
research stuck with v2 and
the largest coil for pasture
work and flat ploughed a
decision I have kept with ever
since much to the merriment of my Club colleagues
running later software with
the small or medium coils.
A year later, and all the
richer in finds on HMDC permission sites (including plenty
of Roman silver and bronze
coins, hammered coins etc)
I found my first real beauty
a Henry I hammered silver penny which our excellent
and highly knowledgeable
FLO, Kurt Adams, told me he
had not seen an example of,
previously.
My second year of detecting has been superb. The best
detecting day of my short
career started as a warm, late
spring day the kind of day
where you feel life could not
get better beautiful countryside, a cool breeze, everything
lush and green. The field we
were detecting in had been
gone-over dozens of times,
but finds or no finds it was
just great to be outdoors and
enjoying swinging low and
slow.
The signal I got was

a strong one, but when I
checked the numbers they
were bouncing around all
over the place was it me
or did the tone I was hearing in my headphones sound
particularly loud and compelling?
I carefully removed the
plug and sank to my knees,
probe in hand; the object
was in the plug and I really
thought I was going to find
a ring-pull. As I broke open
the plug and my probe got
more excited and urgent, I
eventually revealed the gleam
of gold!
Within seconds, I knew
what I hoped the object
would be, and as I held it in
my hands, I had to sit down!
It was a perfect finger ring
of gold with decoration on
the outside and (yes!) it had
an inscription on the inside
band. The earth was powdery so I didnt need to clean
it, I could read the inscription LET LOVE HAVE HER
REWARD.
My nearest Club-mate
was about 50 yards away
and she heard me whooping we covered the distance
between us very quickly!
When I showed it to her, she
used words normally reserved
for dockers and with a goodnatured grin, questioned my
parentage while congratulating me warmly!
I got home later that evening and showed my girlfriend
the usual buttons, grots and
effluvia I always find ... she
is pretty cool and humoured
me by showing interest in
a 1880s Victoria penny, and
then I said, Hold out your
hand, and popped the ring
into her palm. She was almost

as excited as I was!
It is our Club policy that
all finds are displayed at the
Club meeting for judging for
the Find of the Month cup
prior to handing over to our
local FLO, and again I was full
of pride in showing-off the
find. I handed the ring over to
the Gloucestershire FLO, Kurt
Adams, and knew I would
never see the ring again a
previous lesser find of mine (an
18th century silver engraved
thimble) had gone for Treasure and been acquired by the
British Museum. Because the
ring was obviously gold and
over 300 years old, I really
was convinced it would go for
Treasure and be acquired by
the BM.
So I resolved to console
myself through knowing I had
made a contribution to the
national archives. But then
something I had not expected
happened I received a copy
of a letter from the British
Museum to the Gloucestershire Coroner giving a full
description of the ring and
disclaiming it! They recommended that it was returned
to me!
I spoke with the FLO at
a subsequent Club meeting,
and he will be returning the
ring to me in December just
in time for Christmas!
My enthusiasm for our
superb hobby continues to
grow every day, and I have
a near-death experience to
thank for discovering the
highs and lows of metal
detecting!
I am very appreciative of
the wonderful people that
have contributed to my learning curve so far and would
like to thank Regtons, the
Hucclecote Metal Detecting
Club, the FLO and the British
Museum for giving me the
best of years, this year. I have
recently redesigned the Club
website (visit: http//www.
hucclecotemetaldetectingclub
.com) and taking-up the ViceChairman position after a
short spell as Deputy Sites
Officer.
Paul Phipps, Gloucs
11
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Good Luck or Fate?

t was a warm sunny day in August
and halfway along the path I was
searching I received a good clear
two-way signal from my Whites
DFX. As I lifted the spade a beautifully detailed Roman silver coin was
revealed for the first time in 1900 years.
I love this hobby. It is not just finding
the coins and artefacts themselves, but
also learning more about them. When
was this coin minted? Who was the
emperor and what was he famous for?
In order to find out I had to go
through the following steps. For a denarius (Figs.1 & 2), I opened Roman Coins
and Their Values by David Sear and
flicked to the plates at the back. Scanning through the faces usually reveals a
match on a similar coin. In this case the
face on coin number 984 matched mine
and on turning to the relevant section of
the book I found myself on Trajans page.
A glance at the list of common obverse
legends confirmed that I was looking at
the right page. I think the presence of the
title Parthico in the legend dates this
coin to the end of his reign, so Id guess
at about AD 115.
Okay, so that was who and when,
but what did Trajan do? Well, apart from
conquering Dacia and expanding the
Empire not much that is, apart from
rebuilding Rome.
Identifying the reverse was more difficult as I didnt recognise the deity with
the beach ball. I thought it was Fortuna
but I could not be certain. By the way,
when identifying bronzes I usually start
with Identifying Roman Coins by Richard Reece and Simon James. Sears book
is great if you have some sharp lettering
or a clean portrait to work with, but the
detail on most bronzes found in the UK
is worn down and indistinct. I therefore
started on page 40 of the Reece and
James book and simply placed the coin
on the page in the relevant circle that fitted the coin. The size of the circle can be
linked to drawings of coins in the book
and it is then a matter of looking at the
relevant section and trying to visually
match the coin.
In recent years I have not had as
much time for detecting as I would have
liked, but I always make time during the
harvest season to concentrate on my
Figs.1 & 2. Denarius of Trajan.
Figs.3 & 4. 1st or 2nd

century disc plate brooch.
Figs.5 & 6. Lead bag seal.
favourite sites. Where possible I focus

mainly on Roman sites, as this is my
favourite period of British history. Ive
found a number of interesting items
that Id like to share with you and have
recently had time to photograph them
and put pen to paper (or computer keyboard).
Another bright day in August I prepared to search one of my favourite sites.
The farmer had called me to say that the
land was ready for searching but I didnt
have long because he was trying out
direct drilling this year so the seed was
applied at the same time as the stubble
was turned over. This meant that the
field was already seeded so I wouldnt
have long before the crop came up. Fortunately, I had a few days off work so I
could spend plenty of time at the site.
Within seconds I had my first signal.
My DFX displayed a single bar with a
reading of 35, which on my previous XLT
for this field usually meant a small coin
or a blob of lead. Sure enough, it turned
out to be a 4th century Roman coin, common for this site.
Soon afterwards, I received another
good signal and uncovered the very nice
1st or 2nd century disc plate brooch
Figs.7 & 8. Parts

of frames?
shown in Figs.3 & 4. The brooch still

retained much of its original black and
red enamel but had unfortunately lost its
pin. The brooch is described (as item 118)
on page 139 of Hattatts Ancient and
Romano-British Brooches which is a
very informative book. Jumping forward
by about 1400 years my next find was a
lead bag seal (Figs.5 & 6) on which the
word MILLS could still be seen. The first
13
Good Luck or Fate?
Fig.9. Foot from broken statue.
Fig.10. Bronze tortoise.
word looks something like NOON but

Im not sure about the first letter. The
reverse also contains lettering and ends
with STRUP.
The next two items to be recovered
that morning looked as though they
were parts of frames (Figs.7 & 8).
Then up came a beautifully detailed
bronze foot (Fig.9). This was made of
copper alloy and was probably part a
Roman statue. The foot was 2.7cm long
so the original statue could have been
around 20cm tall. The foot had been broken off in Roman times judging by the
patina on the break, possibly as a votive
offering as a number of such items have
been found on this site. Id love to find
the rest of the statue as Im sure its hoping around the field somewhere.
On the subject of statues, in a previous article for Treasure Hunting I
described finding a Roman bronze tortoise the day after seeing a similar one
in St Albans museum. I had been gazing enviously at a statue of Mercury
surrounded by his small entourage of
votive statues consisting of a tortoise, a
ram and a cockerel; the following day I
was holding a similar tortoise (Fig.10).
Stranger still, two weeks later I found the

cockerel (Fig.11) and ended the article
by saying that I was desperately looking
for the ram and Mercury himself. One
year later I was fortunate enough to find
a small bronze ram in perfect condition
(Fig.12) leaving only Mercury to find. I
still havent seen any trace of Mercury
(unless the bronze foot described above
was his!).
Meanwhile, after lunch I found a few
fragments of Roman metalwork (Fig.13),
which included pieces of a brooch, a pin
and some riveted sheet; also the bowl of
a spoon (Fig.14). I was really enjoying
myself. It was a hot August afternoon
and I was lucky enough to be out in the
sunshine finding artefacts that, in some
cases, had not been seen for almost 2,000
years.
A loud beep interrupted my thoughts
and a reading of 50 on my display promised an interesting find. It was. Rubbing
off the soil revealed a well-preserved
Roman trumpet brooch, as shown in
Figs.15 & 16. The pin had broken off
but apart from that it was in very good
condition. The distinctive trumpet head
hides the spring gear, and the chain loop
Figs.15
& 16.
Roman
trumpet
brooch.
Fig.11. Bronze cockerel.
Fig.12. Small bronze ram.
14
Fig.13.
Fragments
of Roman
metalwork.
Fig.14. Spoon bowl.
Gary Lewis
at the top probably means that it is of

British, rather than Continental, manufacture. It is 4cm long and the main body
of the brooch is rather unusual. I cant
find a close match in Hattatts book. My
final good find of the day was a denarius
of Septimus Severus (Figs.17 & 18). The
reverse shows Equity standing left holding scales and cornucopia.
The following day was just as good
in terms of finds and weather. The first
good find was a broken bracelet about
7cm in length (Fig.19). The bracelet flares
out at the end and has a very nice pattern carved into it. The inside has worn
smooth through use and the complete
bracelet would have been a very pleasing
piece of jewellery.
During the day a number of coins
were recovered. Fig.20 shows some
of the Roman coins found, and Fig.21
some Victorian and post-Victorian coins
including an 1886 farthing, a 1924 sixpence, an 1857 shilling, and small silver
Victorian coin stamped with a large letter
R. The day was rounded off with another
plate brooch (Figs.22 & 23). This one was
oval in shape and complete with its pin
and green and blue enamel.
I continued to search the site over

the next week and made several more
interesting finds. I have found a number
of crotal bells on this site and almost
all of them have been unbroken. Two
more complete examples were recovered
during this period; the one shown in
Fig.24 is quite small (2.5cm diameter)
and appears to show areas of tinning.
Fig.25 is a watch key from the 19th20th century. The body advertises the
name of the manufacturer (J Allen) and
his location (Watford) which is not far
away from where I was searching. The
shape is very similar to those on page 26
of Detector Finds 2 by Gordon Bailey
but mine is missing the loop and the end
of the winding shaft.
Fig.26 is a small, heavy spherical button. Fig.27 shows a thin sheet of silver. I
know it is silver because it has the word
silver stamped on it. I wish all of my
finds were so helpful.
Then, all too soon, the seedlings
began to turn the field green and it
was all over for another year for this
site. Never mind, a couple of my other
favourite sites had just been ploughed
and the weather forecast was good. TH
Fig.27. Thin
sheet of metal
with silver
stamped on it.
Fig.26. Small
spherical
button.
Fig.25.
19th-20th
century
watch key.
Fig. 24.
Crotal
bell.
Figs. 17 & 18. Denarius of

Septimus Severus.
Fig.20.
Some of
the Roman
coins
found.
Fig.19. Piece of
broken bracelet.
Fig.21. Victorian
and postVictorian coins.
Figs.22 & 23. Plate brooch

complete with pin.
15
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One Step Away

The Windmill
Fig.1. Landscape features.

Fig.3. The windmill.
Fig.2. Ruins of
Stafford Castle.
s I mentioned in my article
in the October 2014 issue,
Id been invited to search
some new land, and when
I went to take a look I
couldnt believe my eyes. There, in front
of me, stood a windmill!
I couldnt wait to get started; however, there was a problem cows! I know
some people have no problem metal
detecting in a field full of cows, but Im
terrified of them. It meant Id have to
arrange with the farmer just when and
where I could detect safely. I really didnt
18
fancy the idea of being in a field with

907kg quadrupeds that, as tame as they
were, in my mind could kill me! Another
problem, as I was to discover, would be
the cold weather.
My plan was basically the same as
it is with any new ground. Initially, Id
do a fieldwalk to look out for anything
interesting, and then figure out a plan of
investigation.
After a chat with the farmer, I learned
that most of the livestock would be
staying in the lower pastures. However,
Id have to wait a few weeks before he
moved them. So, using the window,

I grabbed the opportunity to get my
research done and the ever important
fieldwalk. I must admit the walk didnt
take long because the areas I picked out
were obvious.
A very intriguing spot, which Ill call
Area One had clearly seen activity over
the ages; it has rises, dips, falls and all
sorts of features before it finally levels out
onto an even plateau (Fig.1). I have to
admit I was excited by this area because
the farm is situated less than a stones
throw from an Iron Age ring fort and,
for all I knew at that point, the features
could be also ancient too. In the distance
I could see the ruins of Stafford Castle
(Fig.2). So, theoretically at least, there
should be a lot of hidden history in the
area.
The next site I looked at was, of
course, the windmill (Fig.3). The grounds
immediately surrounding the building,
which Im calling Area Two, were a
definite for investigating. After spending
a few hours internet surfing I soon had a
lot of information about the mill. It was
built c.1700 and remained in use up to
the late 19th century, providing services
for the farm itself and the surrounding
area. Sadly, it was eventually decommis-
Hennwinkle
Fig.6a. Engraved tombac buttons.
Figs.4a & b. Ornate metalwork.
Fig.5. Iron tool.
sioned 1878-80, with the six sails finally

being removed in 1912. By this time the
rolling mills of Lancashire had pretty
much caused the closure of most windmills up and down the UK.
The last area of the landscape Ill save
for a future article.
On a fine but cold January day I
arrived at Area One, and with not a single animal to be seen I began detecting.
Disappointingly, all I had to show for
over four hours of swinging the coil were
three ornate pieces of metalwork and a
small brooch (Figs.4a & b), all typical of
the 19th century. I also had a bag full of
foil and cartridge ends. The worthwhile
finds were very few indeed, and didnt
seem to point to any particular activity.
However, it was the lack of finds that
eventually provided a clue.
Unfortunately, due to the lack of
daylight, my suspicions would have to be
tested another time as I turned my attentions to Area Two, the windmill.
What I decided to do here was to
unearth as much as I could to place
human activity in a precise timescale,
that being of the 17th-19th centuries;
also, to try and confirm a route up to the
mill of which there is no longer any real
evidence left.
Fig.6b. Finds from around the

base of the windmill.
Fig.7.
George II
halfpenny.
I have to add that detecting here was

very rewarding, but in the end I had
to set a lot of discrimination into my
machine to cope with all the signals. I
also swapped my deep seeking coil for
my smaller concentric one with the aim
of getting in between the junk.
The search was made even more difficult because the area is infested with
large iron tools (Fig.5). However, despite
that I began to pull out a few buttons.
Most were of the plain tombac variety,
but a few of them did bare some nice
engravings (Fig.6a).
As expected, the relics correspond to
the working life of the windmill, being
from the 18th century and onwards. Further away from the mill the finds faded
and became older but fewer and farther
between. Fig.6b shows a handful of general finds from the area.
Fig.8.
William III
fourpence
dated
1837.
As Id gathered from the farmer and

the internet, the mill was in use c.17001870 and the coinage found mirrored
this. From over the next two weekends
three coins stood out: a simple George II
halfpenny (Fig.7); a very nice William IIII
fourpence, 1837 (Fig.8); and a rather nice
1816 silver shilling (Fig.9).
Evidence relating to the industry and
upkeep of the building also came out of
the soil in the form of trade weights in all
shapes and sizes (Fig.10), most of them
being 19th century. I also unearthed
19
One Step Away
Fig.9. Silver shilling dated 1816.

Fig.10. Trade
weights.
Fig.11. Palm guards.
quite a few palm guards (Fig.11), perhaps once used in the repair of grain
sacks.
Moving to the end of the month, the
cold often shortened my detecting windows to only a few hours at a time. Id
walk back to the car reasoning along the
way just where to concentrate my efforts
next. I was still eager to cover as much
ground as possible, but in the end I chose
to continue my searches near the windmill and then slowly move outwards. My
aim was to trace the missing pathways.
The following weekends soon came
around and with the weather a little
milder I was back to work. Searching in
a circular pattern around the mill, lots of
little bits and pieces came up indicating
various activities; these included three
clothing hoops, a small brooch, and a
large decorative gun mount (Fig.12).
Items that went back a little more
into history included a James I (160325) coin weight (Fig.13), and two small
16th-17th century trade tokens (Fig.14).
One of the latter was pierced, a practice
that was a common occurrence in some
areas of the UK.
A few later finds included a broken
cockshy cockerels head (Fig.15). Cockshy was a game that supposedly involved
throwing leaden tokens at a target; its
perhaps therefore no surprise that quite
20
Fig.12.
Bits and
pieces.
a few tokens came up too. Other relics

turned out to be a broken 19th century
chain catch (Fig.16), followed by two
small lead cast horses (Fig.17), both
found close to each other.
The next nice find definitely goes
back into history a little more its
a rather pretty copper alloy hawking
ring or vervel as they should be called
(Fig.18). This would have once graced
the leg of a bird of prey during the late to
post medieval period.
Examining the soil conditions
revealed plenty of the usual mundane
bits of broken pottery and burnt coal,
so its apparent that a lot of activity had
taken place there. This was also proven
by the huge amount of copper-alloy nails
I unearthed.
As you can imagine, a working windmill would have required a great deal
of maintenance. Thats not to mention
the back breaking job of unloading huge
sacks of grain and then reloading the
milled product back onto the carts.
However, not all of the work seems
Fig.13. James I coin weight.
to have been hard toil, because other

finds consisted of two barrel taps and a
barrel tap key all found close together
and both 19th-20th century (Fig.19).
The main farm buildings, which are
still in use today, are situated not far
from where the taps and key came up, so
I presume that the ales were transported
up to the mill and not brewed in situ.
The taps are clearly broken, which
indicates that they may well have been
thrown away; whereas the key, which
is in very good condition, is probably
the result of a casual loss. Whatever the
Hennwinkle
Fig.17. Two
small lead cast
horses.
Fig.14. Small 16th-17th

century tokens.
Fig.16. Broken 19th

century chain catch.
Fig.18. Hawking ring.
Fig.19a. Barrel
tap key.
Fig.19b. Barrel taps.
Fig.15. Broken cockshy

cockerels head and
associated tokens.
circumstances in which they were lost,

its entirely feasible that the mills owners
were providing ales to their customers.
Referring back to the haulage of the
grain mentioned above, it is certain that
it involved the use of horse and carts,
proven by the large amount of buckles,
rein guides and the occasional bridal
boss I was digging up (Fig.20). These
items are exactly what I expected to
find when detecting along pathways or
routes up to the windmill. However,
standing close to the mill and looking
back at the landscape the only evidence
of a path was two very faint linear
impressions, one leading towards the
farmhouse and the other splitting away
and heading in the direction of a nearby
road.
To try and prove that these lines
were definitely pathways I persevered
along the features to see what else I
Fig.20.
Large
amount
of
buckles
and some
rein
guards.
21
One Step Away
Hennwinkle
Fig.22.
Harness
decoration.
Fig.23. Snake buckle.
Fig.21. Horse boss with

initials JM.
Fig.24. Acorn design medieval buckle.
Fig.25. Tip of riding

crop, lead toy or chess
piece?
Heage Windmill built in

1797 and restored to full
working order in 2002.
could find. The resulting items were

indeed even more buckles and horse
bosses. One of the bosses proved to
have some connection to the parish
where the farm is located. It bares the
initials JM (Fig.21) which, with a few
hours Internet research, I identified
as pertaining to a man named James
Cramer Marson, who was involved in
22
the same area too, being c.1300-1500

(Fig.24).
The last item proved to be somewhat
unusual; I think it may be a hollow cast
tip of a riding crop or a lead toy, possibly
a chess piece, (Fig.25). Unfortunately, on
the day I found it the light was almost
gone. This meant that it was time to head
towards the car, clean up some of the
finds and gather some sort of perspective
of what Id found so far.
In the area where Id begun searching
over the first weekend, there appears to
be very little evidence of human activity
at all, other than the obligatory cartridge
ends and foil. Searching around the footings of the windmill had produced a
mass of coinage, which tells me that a lot
of money was changing hands, no doubt
in payment for the services provided by
the mill. From detecting the approaches
to and from the mill Ive recovered evidence of the use of horses and carts and
have pretty much proven the routes that
would have been used. Finally, lets not
forget the barrel taps and key, evidence
no doubt that during a hard days work,
the millers must have enjoyed a drink.
By now I was frozen to the bone and
as I sat in the nearest public house with
my own jug of ale, I began to visualise
my next detecting missions. Area One
still needs a little more attention in order
to figure out what had happened, so Ill
be spending a lot more time there. After
that, Ill be making my way towards the
last feature in the landscape Ive spotted
(Area Three), which by the looks of it is a
group of buildings sitting in what appears
to be the remains of a medieval moat.
Authors Note
the management of a small estate in the

nearby area c.1876.
Three other items dating to the
same period also came from along these
depressions, one being a particularly
nice harness decoration (Fig.22) baring a
lions head and the other a snake buckle
(Fig.23). A nice acorn design buckle, dating from a much earlier time, came from
For anyone interested in the workings of a windmill, you may like to

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towered windmill in England. Heage
Windmill was built in 1797 and restored
to full working order in 2002. It is a
Grade II listed building. There is ample
parking, a picnic area, a shop and toilet
facilities. Further details can be found by
TH
visiting www.heagewindmill.com
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David Villanueva
Moot Points
rom the time man formed tribes

and communities, there became
a need for rules or laws and
administration or government
for the greater good. The tried
and tested method for establishing the
laws and government of groups of people, large and small, is the meeting. The
word is derived from Saxon moot and
Norse thing, forming the mot thing or
assembly of freeholders.
From ancient times these meetings
were held in the open air, owing both
to a lack of suitable accommodation
and because of superstitious belief that
meetings must be held under heaven or
the sun. Many of these meetings took
place at ancient sites and have been
little studied, so no one knows what
other activities went on, such as markets
and fairs, revenue collection, entertainment, or religious ceremonies. You can
be certain of plenty of lost metal objects
though!
Popular places for holding meetings were generally either defensible or
secret. By far the largest groups of places
were mountains and hills. Another large
group of meetings took place by or under
the boughs of trees. Many other meetings took place near water. Megaliths
were another favourite meeting place:
near large standing stones, within stone
circles, at great burial places, caves and
tombs. And a few assemblies took place
at the chiefs residence, on large open
plains and in contrast an enclosed paddock.
Before the Romans came in AD 43,
the native population would have held
Fig.1. The Kent

hundred of
Westgate met at
the west gate of
Canterbury city.
Fig.2. Victorian
map of
Hampshire
with hundreds
identified.
their meetings at most of the places

above that existed in Britain at the
time. Rome was an advanced civilisation, which held a different view on life.
The Romans built towns and held most
of their meetings in the central forum.
Celtic tradition would have felt the civilising influences of the Roman presence,
as would the Saxons who followed. And
once the Roman legions had gone they
left behind buildings, which became used
as more landmarks for meetings. People
met outside city gates (Fig.1) or outside
the church doors, in the churchyard or
monastery courtyard, in the market place
and in paved areas.
By the time of the Domesday Book, the
British Isles had been divided up into territorial units, most, or all, of which would
have held a court or meeting. The largest
were the countries: England, Ireland,
Scotland and Wales. Apart from a few
large provincial divisions, such as north
and south, highlands and lowlands, next
came the counties or shires with the
shire-reeve or sheriff responsible for

administration and justice. The counties
were divided into units called hundreds
in most of England and Wales. Wales
had commots before the 16th century,
but there were also Wapentakes (Yorkshire) and Wards (Cumberland, Durham
and Northumberland). The hundred
may have originally represented an area
containing one hundred families or
households. A few counties had larger
divisions containing several hundreds
or their equivalent such as the lathes of
Kent, the rapes of Sussex and the ridings
of Yorkshire.
The hundred court was the principle
local administrative and judicial unit in
England and Wales until the 19th century. In Scotland the equivalent to the
hundred was the parish and in Ireland,
the barony. Way back in time the head
of household was the lord of the family
and responsible for the actions of everyone in the family including its slaves.
Three wealthy lords for every medieval
25
Moot Points
CM
Fig.3. 16th century copper-alloy belt
mount.
CM
Fig.4. Eppillus bull and eagle bronze
unit c.AD 1-15.
CM
Fig.5. Thurrock type potin
c.100-50 BC.
tithing or vill (parishes after the 16th

century) comprising the hundreds, had
to attend the court meetings held every
three weeks.
In general the hundred (or its equivalent) was named after the meeting place
so you may learn much just by analysing the name. As a start you need to
know the names of the hundreds, but
these are easy to find. On the Internet you can visit: http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/ListofhundredsofEnglandand
Wales or just Google (name of county)
+ hundreds or parishes or baronies, etc.
In the traditional world many Victorian
and earlier county maps list or name
hundreds (Fig.2) as do local histories and
gazetteers of the same periods. Successful
Detecting Sites, (Greenlight Publishing)
provides maps or lists of English and
Welsh hundreds, Scottish Parishes and
Northern Ireland baronies as well as
more information identifying many
meeting sites.
Popular name elements associated
with meeting places are:Barrow is a relatively small artificial
burial mound, usually round (but can be
linear as long barrow). Round barrow(s)
can also be called a tumulus or tumuli.
Berga, Borough is a smooth rounded
usually natural hill but can be a barrow.
Beria, Bury is a hill fort but may
refer to any fortified building or natural
feature that has the appearance of fortification.

Bridge is a river crossing.
Clif, Cliff, Cliffe, Clive is a hill,
ridge or headland with a vertical or near
vertical face. These are found on the
coast and in inland valleys.
Don, Down, Dun is a low flattopped hill often with a settlement on
the summit and sometimes a fort.
Ford is a river crossing.
Gate can be a city gate but is more
often a road, usually Roman or earlier.
Hoe, Ho, Hoo, O, Oe, Ow is a hillspur, a projecting raised piece of land
usually rising to a point and falling with
a concave slope.
How, Hou is a round barrow.
Law, Lo, Loe, Low is an artificial mound, it may be a re-used burial
mound but often constructed specifically
for meetings.
Le, Lea, Leigh, Ley from the 8th
century indicated forest, wood, glade,
clearing and from the 10th century
meant pasture or meadow.
Stane, Ston, Stone, Stow, Stowe
refer to standing stones.
Tree refers to a tree and species (ash,
elm, oak, etc.) or numbers may be added
or substituted.
Twy means two.
Finding the meeting site is not so
easy, but often there will be features at
Fig.7. 13th-16th century copper-alloy buckles.
CM
Fig .6. 13th-15th century
gilded copper-alloy
buckle and plate.
26
CM
David Villanueva
or near the site either named hundred

or given the name of the particular hundred. People from all over the hundred
needed to get to meetings, so the site
would be fairly centrally located within
the hundred and would be accessible
by road (Roman or earlier), waterway
or both.
I have only searched one meeting
site, which nevertheless has kept me
going with interesting finds for many
years and is still producing. The clues
were that the hundred name element
borough suggested the meeting place to
be a natural hill. On top of a quite central
particular hill, a wood bore the name of
the hundred. An ancient long-distance
track-way and a former navigable river
ran close to the hill. There used to stand
an old tree hereabouts called The Hundred Beech, which established a field
forming a large part of the side of the hill,
at the union of two parish boundaries
as a hundred meeting place or at least
part of it.
The first time I searched this field
it was remarkably lacking in finds, for
other than modern spent ammunition
cases I only found a small Tudor belt fitting, welcome nevertheless (Fig.3).
The second short search wasnt
looking any better until as the light
was failing I headed for the gate to be
stopped in my tracks by a crisp signal. I
Fig.8. 15th
century
beehive
thimble.
dug up a small green disk I thought to be

Roman, although the coin felt rather too
thick. I washed the coin carefully under
the tap at home and could just make out
the head of Apollo on one side and an
eagle on the other. The coin was an Iron
Age unit of Eppillus around 2000 years
old (Fig.4).
The following weekend I returned to
the same field, again the finds were few
but I was delighted to recover a Thurrock
type potin (Fig.5) and a medieval buckle
(Fig.6).
Fig.13.
Medieval
lead loom
weights
and spindle
whorls.
CM
Fig.9. 16th
century
thimble.
CM
Fig.10. 15th
century beehive
thimble.
Fig.11. 15th
century
sewing ring.
CM
Fig.12.
13th-14th
century
copperalloy ring
buckle.
CM
Fig.14. 14th-16th century copper-alloy jettons.
27
Moot Points
Fig.15.
Henry I cut
halfpenny
11001135.
CM
Fig.16.
Medieval
copperalloy strap
junction.
CM
This field was definitely getting interesting and fortunately the field was being
left fallow for a few months, giving me
time for a thorough search.
I started at the top of the field where
most of the finds had surfaced and fairly
quickly built up a collection of medieval
buckles (Fig.7), loom weights, spindle
whorls and thimbles (Figs.8-11).
Further down the field, the buckles
(Fig.12), weights and whorls (Fig.13) still
kept coming, but the accompanying finds
changed to jettons (Fig.14).
Occasionally something different surfaced: a cut halfpenny of Henry I (Fig.15),
a medieval strap junction decorated with
a face (Fig.16), a papal bulla (Fig.17), and
a casket key (Fig.18).
The crowning glory initially appeared
to be a washer, but on turning it over the
glint of gold was unmistakable. Gentle
washing off-site showed a gilded silver
ring brooch, inscribed with the letters
IESVSX (Jesus Christ); unfortunately
missing most of its original sword shaped
pin, broken off at the hilt (Fig.19).
I also found two silver coins within
a metre of the brooch albeit both in a
poor state (Figs.20-21). I reported the
brooch and two coins as a potential
Treasure find, but they were eventually
disclaimed. The brooch was the last of
the exceptional finds from the field until
the plough produced a fresh metallic
crop. Surprising, considering the scarcity
of coinage here, on the first day on the

ploughed field I picked up from the surface a superb groat of Edward III (Fig.22),
followed a little later by two Tudor coins
and a dress hook (Figs.23-25).
The buckles (Fig.26), coins (Figs.2731), jettons, weights and whorls still kept
coming, maintaining my interest while I
waited for something more unusual. A
small circular mount showing a squirrel (Fig.32), a strap end (Fig.33), and a
horse harness pendant (Fig.34) were all
very welcome. Almost the last recovery
of the season was a lead personal seal
matrix inscribed S[IGILLUM] ROB[ER]
TI FILII HAMON[IS] (Seal of Robert son
of Eamon) around an eight pointed star
(Fig.35).
I am always very interesting in discovering who owned personal seals and
I have a possible contender for this one.
It seems that from the time of King Stephen, the church of the parish, where
I found the seal, was given to a local
Priory, which was controlled by the Benedictine Abbey of St Bertin at St Omers
in Flanders. The story goes that until
Henry VI put a stop to it, the tithes being
paid from England to St Bertin were used
to finance French wars against the English! An old report in the transactions of
the local archaeological society said there
is an impressive collection of documents
surviving from St Bertin among which
a document (c.1220) relating to a local
CM
CM
CM
Fig.17. Lead Papal Bulla of Pope
Nicholas IV, 1288-92.
Fig.18.
14th
century
copperalloy
casket key.
28
Fig.19. 13th century gilded silver ring

brooch.
Fig.20. Edward III halfpenny,

1344-61.
Fig.21 Edward I
penny, 1280-1.
CM
CM
David Villanueva
Lord Robert, bore a non-armorial seal:

Sigillum Roberti filii Hamonis (Fig.36).
I can see in my minds eye, the treasurer shuffling his jettons on the counting
board while Lord Robert read out the
Papal Bull and sealed a document or two.
Womenfolk sat around spinning and
weaving like the ladies knitting around
the guillotine in Revolutionary France.
And the pin snapped on my Ladys
brooch, which fell to the ground to be
trampled underfoot. I cant really explain
the large quantity of buckles recovered,
but that may reflect all the comings and
goings on a well-used site.
The search of this site has been an
interesting experience, which convinced
me that hundred meeting places are well
worth seeking as successful detecting
TH
sites.
CM
Fig.22. Edward III groat, 1351-61.
Fig.23.
Elizabeth I
penny,
1561-77.
CM
Fig.24. Mary I groat,
1553-4.
CM
CM
CM
Fig.25. 16th century

copper-alloy dress hook.
Fig.26. 13th-14th century

copper-alloy buckle.
CM
CM
CM
Fig.28. Edward IV penny, York

Mint for Archbishop George
Neville, 1465-76.
Fig.29. Ec[ce] Moneta Nostra

continental sterling c.14th century.
Figs.30 & 31.

Fig.34.
Edward III
Medieval
pennies, 1327-77.
horse
harness
pendant.
Fig.33.
Medieval
strap
end.
CM
Fig.32. Medieval
mount.
Fig.27. Henry III cut

halfpenny, 1247-72.
CM
CM
Fig.35.
13th
century
lead seal
matrix.
CM
CM
CM
Fig.36. Seal impression.
29
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Jakes Foreign Jottings

Fig.1. Our Skoda parked near the mill.
Fig.3. Mark and his Fisher F75.
Fig.2. My T2 detector at the ready.
34
n terms of detecting
the year 2014 was a
hard one for me. Not
only has it been more
difficult to get new and
exciting land, but I also
now have a job that requires me to work
on Saturdays. For those out there who
have read my previous articles in Treasure Hunting (Jakes Jottings), you will
know that the majority of my finds have
come up on my favourite Saturday digs. I
therefore have had to adapt to this
breach of my human rights and detect
on the few other days when a dig has
been arranged.
As it happens, my uncle and I have
a few friends in the Czech Republic who
also detect and they invited us over to do
a little detecting on some huge fields
that they have permission from a farmer
to search. Well, this opportunity had to
be taken. So, excited and spurred on by
this good fortune, we arranged to stay
a week with Dan and his dad Lubos. A
few hours later the flight was booked
through Easy Jet and one hold luggage
paid for.
Over the next few weeks we waited
patiently, excited to be seeing friends
and have the chance to do some detecting in a totally different country. On
the Sunday evening we checked in at
Gatwick Airport, hoping that our dismantled metal detectors wouldnt create
any problems with baggage screening.
We went through security and settled

down with a beer and special soup, looking out through the large windows at the
aircraft waiting to take off into the night
sky. I could only dream of the fields waiting for us in the Czech Republic.
In no time we were settled in our
friends house in a quiet village 60 miles
east of Prague. After a deep sleep, the
next morning we all sat round the table
and discussed the days plans over a
traditional Czech breakfast, a curious
mixture of scrambled eggs, warm rolls,
raw carrot, salami, gherkins, red peppers,
ham, and frankfurter sausages.
Dan, who speaks perfect English, told
us that our fields on which we had permission to search, were in rough stubble
and had been deeply ploughed last season. The field was situated right next to a
disused old mill that had once produced
bread and flour. My uncle, Mark, had
detected on a nearby field a year or two
back and said that a collection of late
19th century and early 20th century coins
had been found.
As I am only just 18 and had never
been to Eastern Europe, I had no idea
what to expect. Would it be like England?
Were there hammered? There were so
many unanswered Czech metal-detecting
questions. So, after breakfast, I put on my
windproof camouflage smock and trousers, ready to set off. However, I didnt
get out the house quite so quickly as our
hosts made some amusing comments
Jake Davison
Fig.6. Czechoslovakian
50 heller coin dated
1947.
Fig.5. Bag seals

from the mill.
Fig.4. Our stubble field.
about how I looked like a vojak (soldier).

After this humiliation, I proceeded to the
car where I nearly sat in the drivers seat,
forgetting that Czechs drive on the right.
We set off to the field and after a
short while we turned left down a muddy
track that no two-wheel drive car would
ever attempt to go down in England.
However, in the trusty (?) Skoda, we
were sure to be in good hands.
About half a mile down the rutted
lane, we pulled over and parked in front
of the mill (Fig.1). We quickly got out,
grinning at each other as we did so,
and wondering what to expect in such a
strange and different country. The Fisher
F75 and my Teknetics T2 were assembled, spades shared out and we were off
(Fig.2).
I turned on the machine and re-programmed my brain back into detecting
mode as it had been a while since I had
been out. Very quickly I got a signal and
dug down into the soft sand-like soil.
Surely in a country 1,000 kilometres
away, it would be anything but a piece
of lead? It was a large, ugly piece of
olovo (lead). I carried on digging the
signals near the mill, but there was a lot
of rubbish, probably from when the mill
was in action.
I therefore walked further away from
the mill where the stubble field become
increasingly quiet for Mark and I (Figs.3
& 4). However, not long into my adventure there was a strong signal that gave
Fig.7.
Royal Mint,
Kutna
Hora.
me hope. I dug down and isolated a clod

where this unknown item lay. I crumbled
the soil and located a bag seal. In the UK
I wouldnt think much of it, but this was
a Czech bag seal, and seemed far more
interesting than the standard English
ones. This bag seal was from the mill and
had a number on the back and alien
writing on it.
After this interesting find, I carried
on in a high-spirited mood. The sun
was shining and producing a lovely 18
degrees heat, which was more than
pleasant in late October. As I swung
down the row I had chosen, another signal appeared. It was a second bag seal.
This one was also from the mill but had a
different number on the back of it. I was
now starting to build a collection of these
very interesting seals (Fig.5).
I decided to detect towards Mark
to see if he had located anything that
was rich or at least semi-rich in history.

When I spoke to him, he said, No, I
havent, just some cartridges and the
usual rubbish. I was surprised he hadnt
found anything as he is usually very
jammy with these things. However, as
we were both happy to be on holiday
doing some metal detecting, I decided
to take a selfie. For the purpose of the
older generation, this is a picture you
take of yourself using your mobile phone
or camera.
Following this, we decided we would
detect further down the field, heading
more towards the village to see if some
coins could be located. As I walked up
one of the rows, I had a sharp, crisp
signal. I dug down and overturned the
clod; lying there was a Czech coin. It was
a brass Czechoslovakian 50 heller coin,
dated 1947 (Fig.6). Hope had arrived
even though the coin wasnt too old, it
35
Figs.9a & b. Czechoslovakian koruna

dated 1950. Reverse showing woman
farm labourer with sickle.
Fig.10. Czechoslovakian
5 heller coin, 1963.
Fig.8. Myself on the second days fields.
was from the Communist era, so it was

exciting and interesting to finally have a
foreign coin in my hand. The design was
quite different from a George or Victoria staring at you. It was, I learnt later,
a Czech lion with Slovak shield on the
obverse, with a linden branch and wheat
wreath on the reverse.
I carried on walking further towards
the village and found a few other coins
and a tiny silver-looking Skoda logo
badge-type object. Skoda and Lada cars
were everywhere in Communist Eastern
Europe, but Skodas these days have a
much better reputation.
Soon after I had started finding
things, my spade handle broke. I was
forced to dig with just the metal spade
itself, as if it was a wide, heavy trowel.
This is much easier said than done, as
deep holes were certainly tricky. We
only had until 2pm as lunch was waiting
for us at base. After finding more similar post-war coins, our departure time
approached and we detected slowly back
to the car.
Back at Dans house, we sat around
the table and looked at our finds over a
delicious lunch consisting of dumplings
(knedliky), pork and cabbage.
The next day we visited the historic silver-mining town of Kutna Hora
in central Bohemia, and had a tour of
the Royal Silver Mint (Fig.7) led by a
Czech guide who spoke with an American accent. I saw some huge hammered
coins there and wondered if anything
similar was hiding in our fields. We then
relaxed in a local kavrna (coffee house)
36
and enjoyed a slice of lovely medovnik,

a honey and walnut cream sponge cake,
followed by an oriskova koule, a chocolate ball with nuts on top and cream
inside.
On the way back to Dans, we drove
past fields of maize and rural homes
guarded by dogs. In fact, I saw lots of
guard dogs in the Czech Republic. They
live outside, not like my Mexican hairless dog, Dobby, at home, who likes to
try and sleep in my mum and dads bed!
I learned that the phrase for Warning:
dog is Pozor pes.
The next day we set off to detect
again, this time concentrating on a different field on the other side of the village
(Fig.8). We drove up a track and parked
up. It was next to the railway, so I was
curious as to whether we might find anything linked to it. Once we arrived, we
quickly assessed where we could detect
and set off. A few swings in with the
detector and a crisp signal announced
itself. It was a Czechoslovakian 1 koruna
coin, dated 1950 (Figs.9a & b). At first
I thought it was silver, but it was very
light and I was assured it was made of
aluminium. The obverse, I was told,
showed the Czechoslovakian Republic
coat of arms, while the reverse depicted a
woman with a sickle over ears of wheat,
which is an image of the Communist
worker. I also unearthed a 1963 5 heller
coin, again made of aluminium (Fig.10).
Was this just luck or were there many
coins here waiting to be unearthed? A
few swings later and another small copper coin popped out. This was an 1897
Fig.11. AustroHungarian 2 heller

coin, 1897.
2 heller coin of the Austro-Hungarian

Empire (Fig.11). It was fantastic to be on
a field where it doesnt matter so much
about the age, but the quantity and interest of the finds. The soil was perfect as
we worked the fields nice and soft.
I walked a bit further up the field
where it became a little quieter, but still
a few coins were being unearthed, one
dating back to 1858 (Fig.12). This turned
out to be a half-kreutzer coin from the
Austro-Hungarian Empire, where decimalisation was introduced in 1857. I
discovered later there were 100 kreutzers
to 1 gulden, or an Austrian florin.
At times it was hard to hear through
the headphones due to the Czech Air
Force practising above us. However,
Mark, Lubos and I carried on in hope of
getting a silver coin. After 30 minutes, we
met again to review what we had found.
The results were interesting as there was
a variety of weird and wonderful Czech
items. On closer inspection, I found what
seemed to be a workers service badge
it said 30 Let Prace, 1907-1937,
which means 30 years service, with the
initials R.D. on it (Fig.13). Maybe this
belonged to a mill worker? I also had
found a watch winder, a small pendant
(Fig.14) and a broken disc, about 3cm in
diameter, with the name B. Perner on it
(Fig.15). The Perner family seem to have
been well-known millers from the 19th
century so no doubt this was connected
with the mill.
After this we ventured off again. I
had decided to make my way a little
further up the field where it had been
Jake Davison
Fig.17. Myself with the silver koruna.
Fig.12. A halfkreutzer coin, 1858,

issued during the
Hapsburg monarchy.
Fig.13. 30 years service badge.
Fig.14.
Small
pendant.
Fig.15.
Disc
with
name B.
Perner.
a bit quieter, but had produced a few

coins. I walked a few rows and found
another two coins. As good as copper
and aluminium coins are, I really was
determined to get a silver milled coin as
I felt it should be in better condition than
the coins Id already found.
I decided to detect a few rows with
military precision as I was apparently
a vojak. A few rows in and a nice
high-pitched squeak arose from the T2s
control box. Surely this would be the silver I so wanted? Well, we all know metal
detecting if you think its a coin, it will
be a button, and if you think its a button,
it will be a button. So the answer was no,
it wasnt my silver coin, but a button. Still
determined to get a silver coin, I carried
on and came across a signal that was
slightly weaker as the depth reading was
showing 9 inches. So I dug down and
clawed out some dirt from the bottom
of the hole. Out popped a large circular
object. I picked it up without looking
as I wanted a surprise when I gave it
a rub. The firm rub revealed a shining
silver coin dated 1894 (Figs.16a & b).
Strangely, I was just as thrilled to find
this as an English hammered coin. I later
discovered that the coin was a silver 1
koruna of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The obverse showed the Austrian ruler
Francis Joseph and the reverse the Holy
Crown of Hungary.
I later read up about the countrys
complicated history. I learned that
Austria-Hungary was a multi-national
empire created by the Ausgleich (or
compromise) of 1867. Before 1867 the
Figs.16a & b. Silver

1 koruna coin dated
1894.
Fig.18. Marks 1 kreutzer

coin, 1816.
Fig.19. Our Czech hosts,

Dan and Lubos.
Fig.20. A view of Prague.
Empire had been dominated by the Austrian Germans. After this, the Germans
were forced to share power with the
other major group in the Empire, the
Hungarians, so each half of the empire
had its own government. The Emperor
of Austria was also

King of Hungary. The
Emperor from 1848
until 1916 was Ferenc
Jozsef (Francis Joseph
I) from the Hapsburg
family, the traditional
rulers of Austria. His
personal life was tragic.
His brother had been
shot during a revolt in
Mexico in 1867 (where
he had been Emperor).
His only son and heir,
Rudolf,
committed
suicide at Mayerling in
a lovers pact in 1889.
His wife Elizabeth was
assassinated in 1898,
while his nephew and heir, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated at Sarajevo in
1914, which led to the outbreak of the
First World War. Mark photographed me
with my prize find (Fig.17).
After my silver coin find, we decided
37
Jake Davison
Fig.21.
Display
of
finds
for our
hosts
to look
at.
to give the area a quick sweep to see if

any more were present and it quickly
became apparent that there probably
werent too many to be had. So, after a
tactical discussion, we decided to walk
slowly back to the car, drive home and
walk to the village pub to enjoy a pint
and discuss the days events and finds.
It wasnt so much a pub as somebodys
front room, but the landlord was very
welcoming nonetheless. Mark showed
me a 1 kreuzer copper coin dated 1816
he had unearthed and was pleased with
(Figs.18a & b).
During our stay with Dan and Lubos
(Fig.19) we also had a chance to make
a short visit to the beautiful capital of
Prague, which nicely rounded off the trip
(Fig.20). We also displayed some of our
finds for our hosts to look at (Fig.21).
So thats what I have been up to
recently. I havent found too much while
detecting in England because of work.
However, detecting in a different country
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Foreshore Market
Hot-Spots
Fig.1. Enamelled
song badge.
Fig.2. Victorian silver shillings from

Ventnor Beach.
he finds shown in Figs1-5

came from locations around
Britains peripheries; and the
specific find-spots all merit
the description foreshore
market site, though they differed greatly
in the ways their markets operated. The
song badge (Fig.1), detected on a popular holiday seafront, might have been
regarded as a beach strollers loss, or a
trinket carelessly dropped by a visitor
lounging in a deckchair.
Thats what the detectorist who
found it said of the more than two
dozen song badges he recovered from
the towns beach throughout several
seasons. He thought it prudent not to
mention that all of his enamel badge
finds came from an area of the beach less
than the size of a tennis court. Research
after he had found four of them close
together revealed that in the 1920s30s a shop selling sheet music from
a location on the towns promenade
regularly promoted sales by giving an
appropriate enamelled badge with each
sheet sold. On sunny summers days
the shopkeeper extended his premises
to include an outdoor stall at the top
of the beach where his wife did a roaring trade in popular piano sheet music
with giveaway badges. Her stall marked
the epicentre of the hot-spot identified
by the detectorist more than 50 years
later.
The shillings seen in Fig.2 came from
Ventnor beach on the Isle of Wight.
40
Fig.3. Queen Anne

halfcrown.
They date from the 1880s by which time

Ventnor had established an enviable
reputation as a health resort and spa.
However, its hotels and other substantial buildings in the town had pressing
needs for fuel to provide guests with hot
water. Demand was met by shipping ten
tons of coal per day from Littlehampton,
Sussex aboard a vessel that beached on
Ventnors foreshore and sold its cargo at
25 shillings per ton to hoteliers who sent
their own carts.
The shillings in the photographs
were detected on that stretch of foreshore. Similar daily coal sales from
open beaches occurred almost every
day around Englands southern, southeastern and western coasts; as well on
numerous northern Scottish beaches.
As early as 1838 a Devonshire coal
merchant complained in a letter to the
North Devon Journal that vessels selling their coals directly to the public,
whether from open beaches or unregistered quays, pay no quay dues, no town
cess, nor any other business expenses.
Incidentally, the Ventnor coal had
begun its journey aboard one of hundreds of Tyne collier brigs that made the
voyage southwards each week to many
open beaches along the south coast,
unloading their cargoes either into carts
or, as in the Littlehampton enterprise,
into smaller vessels beached alongside,
which then sailed for the Isle of Wight
on the next tide to sell-on the coal.
You can read a fascinating description
Fig.4. Queen Anne

shilling.
of unloading coal on the beach at Littlehampton if you visit www.hadesign.

co.uk/worthing_history
The Queen Anne halfcrown and
shilling shown in Figs.3 & 4 came from
an east coast beach in Scotland where,
throughout most of the 18th and early
19th century, schooners loaded and
unloaded their general cargoes alongside a large local fishing fleet selling
its catches every day to dealers and the
general public. Ready money changed
hands on all sides, and some of it, like
these Edinburgh minted coins, became
beach losses.
As for the 17th century Spanish silver cobs seen in Fig.5, they were found
by Bill Robson, a former contributor
to this magazine who spent many-aday searching Cornish beaches after big
storms. Little is known about the ship,
but it certainly fell victim to a powerful
onshore wind as it neared the Cornish
coast.
The fate of almost every sailing ship
driven ashore in this way was that
its timbers and any recovered stores
and cargo were sold as salvage on the
nearest beach, the timber to be recycled by local ship repairers, furniture
makers and firewood hawkers. Similar
salvage sales occurred on many British
coastlines ... and at all of them coins
and artefacts were lost by bidders and
visitors coming to view the wreckage; as
were money and the personal effects of
crew members. In the remainder of this
Ted Fletcher
Fig.5. 17th century

Spanish silver cobs.
Fig.6. Typical East Coaster brig.
Fig.7. Schooner.
feature I want to invite readers who have

detectors that work well on salty shores
to try their luck at spots where records
confirm the former presence of markets
just like those already described. I can
highlight only a few in this first feature;
but more will come later.
Figs.6-8 show the sort of vessels that
visited coastal markets in the 18th and
19th centuries. The brig in Fig.6 is a
typical East Coaster in the coaling trade,
selling its cargoes on numerous sandy
beaches along the south coast. The
schooner in Fig.7 called at small ports all
around the British coastline; the 18th19th century equivalent of a modern
white van delivery service. The name
derives from a Scottish word meaning to
skim across the water, a reference to the
shallow draught of such ships. Those
that came to grief were frequently sold
as wreck timber. Fig.8 depicts a fleet of
Victorian fishing smacks. They landed
millions upon millions of fish, with most
of the catches sold on the beach in those
days.
Fig.8. Fleet
of Victorian
fishing
smacks.
Regular readers may recall that

in 2003 Greenlight published my little book, Reading Beaches, which gives
tips on the types of foreshore features
detectorists should attempt to identify
when seeking productive sites. During the decade since then the Internet
has gifted us almost instant access to
extensive archives, including regional
newspapers; to the detailed records of
numerous local history societies; to the
UK Finds Database, and more. They
have made the task of finding foreshore
market sites much easier. Here are a few
of those I have researched and want to
ask readers to check out. Please let me
have hi-res images of any finds, as well
as comments on your experiences. Send
to: edline999@gmail.com
In December, 1847 the John o Groat
Journal, quoting from an official report
on the state of Scotlands ports and harbours, described Ackergill, in Sinclairs

Bay, Caithness, as a sheltered landing
place for steamers when they could not
anchor in Wicks busy harbour. The
report went on to urge that a low pier
ought to be constructed at Ackergill to
accommodate the passengers and cattle
at that time disembarking on the shore.
It also pointed out that many vessels
sheltered in Sinclairs Bay when westerly winds blew too strongly for safe
passage through the Pentland Firth. In
fact, numerous captains unfamiliar with
the local geography mistook Sinclairs
Bay for the entrance to the Pentland
Firth. Statistical evidence reveals that
in the 1840s more than 5,000 vessels
carrying 700,000 tons of cargo annually
sailed these waters. Many of those in
trouble during bad weather headed for
41
Figs.9a & b. Slipway installed at Ackergill in 1910.
Fig.10. Edwardian view of Lybster harbour.
Ackergill and shelter. Figs.9a & b show

the ferro-concrete slipway installed at
Ackergill in 1910. Before then cargoes
of fish, cattle and people had to make
do with rickety wooden gangplanks or
the open beach. (Images copyright Peter
Robertson and used under a Creative
Commons Licence.)
The same report highlighted Lybster
and its fish curing industry. Here is an
extract:Lybster lies in a well-sheltered nook,
halfway between Helmsdale and Wick. It
has become a fishing station of some
importance, in consequence of a pier 30
yards long built by the proprietor in
1830. As many as 100 large fishing boats
frequent this harbour during the season,
and 55 coasters arrived last year. It is
also the head-port of a fishing district
42
20 miles in extent, having 249 boats

manned by 1,230 men and boys; with a
further 2,500 persons employed in curing. A short distance from the pier-head
there are several acres of flat land which
form a good curing ground.
Much of that ground was later put to
other uses as the fishing industry withered; but Lybster bustled with buying
and selling for more than a century. The
low tide foreshore and all accessible land
flanking it where search permissions can
be obtained must hold many coins and
relics from the boom years. Fig.10 shows
an Edwardian view of Lybster harbour.
The numerous barrels were packed with
cured fish. Fig.11 shows recent dredging of the harbour. I wonder where the
dredgings were dumped? (Image courtesy of www.caithness.org)
In June, 1850 a resident of Golspie,

Caithness sent the following letter to the
John o Groat Journal:Last week, when the weather was
very calm and the sea quiet, we had two
vessels discharging coal on our beach. This
is most unusual; though because we have
no harbour and a flat shore, we do get the
occasional coaster. More often we have to
be contented in going to the harbour at
Little Ferry for our goods. This involves
the additional expense and inconvenience
of a land carriage of 3 miles.
A few years later a trading smack was
plying regularly between Little Ferry and
Golspie, taking advantage of the wooden
pier paid for by the Duke Of Sutherland.
An iron pier was built alongside it in the
20th century, both sited in the vicinity of the landing place used by vessels
that once ran ashore to unload and load
small cargoes. Fig.12 shows Golspies old
wooden pier depicted on a turn-of-the
20th century postcard.
The parish of Farr, on the northern
coast of Caithness, had no regular harbours up to the mid-19th century; and
a 30 mile cart trip to the nearest market
town. To overcome those difficulties the
parishioners encouraged ships to sail up
its sandy beach and unload cargoes of
salt and barrels, after which locally cured
fish was loaded for southern markets. In
early November the same ships brought
a variety of wholesale goods which enterprising locals sold at an annual cattle and
general goods fair held at Bettyhill, just
behind the sandy beach. Fig.13 shows
Farrs most valuable asset its flat sandy
foreshore. It provided a safe place to
beach a ship, and access to a once-a-year
fair site not far from the beach. (Image
copyright Robert Bone and used here
under a Creative Commons Licence.)
Ted Fletcher
Moving to the other end of Britain,

I want to mention Shellness Beach on
the Isle of Sheppey, which hosted a
number of auction marts in the 19th
century. The Kentish Gazette of 19 March
1811 reported that at the Ship Tavern,
Faversham, auctioneers Dyason & Son
sold the larger oak timbers of the 340ton ship Mary after the vessel became
stranded on Shellness Beach. The catalogue invited would-be buyers to inspect
the ship where she lay, very convenient for loading and for water carriage.
Other parts of the wreck pumps, windlass, masts, bowsprit, etc. were to be
auctioned on the beach. In April of the
same year a reward of 20 guineas was
offered for information leading to the
apprehension of thieves who stole a
quantity of large copper bolts, part of
the Marys cargo. The unsold remains
of the hull had been scattered in a fresh
storm leaving its cargo unprotected. The
advertiser strongly suspected that the
thieves had crossed at Harty Ferry for
the purpose of stealing the copper.
It was reported in the shipping news
at Sheerness, 14 December 1815 that
the schooner Anne and Elizabeth was
swamped on shore at Shellness; and
that a foreign ship loaded with timber had broken to pieces at the same
place and scattered her cargo across the
beach. All crew members were reported
missing. And in February, 1888 came
news that the schooner Hilda had run
ashore at Shellness with her cargo of
coal from Hartlepool. Fig.14 shows the
beach at Shellness, a dangerous place for
Fig.11. Recent dredging of the Lybster harbour.
Fig.12. Golspies old wooden pier.

Fig.14. The beach at Shellness.
Fig.13. Farrs flat sandy foreshore.
43
Ted Fletcher
Fig.15. Shellness.
shipping, but a lively place for beach

auctions (Fig.15). Some enthusiasts call
it home. (Both images copyright Chris
Whippet and licenced under a Creative
Commons Licence.)
Englands east coast held as many
dangers for sailing ships as most Scottish
regions, but let me concentrate instead
on another type of foreshore market ...
that for fish.
The Bury & Norwich Post reported in
November 1842 that during four days of
extraordinary fishing at Yarmouth a few
days earlier the catch had exceeded nine
hundred lasts. The paper pointed out for
the benefit of landlubber readers that a
herring hundred consisted of 132 fish;
and that ten times that number was a
fishermans thousand; and when multiplied by ten that figure was a last. Nine
hundred lasts thus added up to a staggering eleven million eight hundred and
eighty thousand herrings all caught,
brought ashore and sold on Yarmouth
beach.
Getting the catch from the boat to the
fish quay required use of a Yarmouth troll
or beach cart. The only contemporary
illustration of one I can lay hands on is
probably much too dark for use on THs
pages; so let me quote from the description that accompanied the Victorian
newspaper image: The two-wheeled
cart has to be narrow in order to pass
through the alleyways that give access
to the towns fish quay. It is immensely
strong and can carry enormous loads of
fish baskets which the carter stacks to a
great height before harnessing a second
horse to the loaded cart for its journey
from the boat to the quay. When a big
catch has to be landed as many as 150
trolls can be on the beach working flat
out to get the fish to the quay.
Large numbers of coins (in some
cases tokens or tallies) changed hands
44
Fig.16. Lone angler on Yarmouth beach.
Fig.17. Seaton Beach, Devon.
as carters and fishermen struck bargains.

Fig.16. Theres irony in the image of a
lone angler attempting to catch a single
fish on Yarmouth beach were millions
were brought ashore in the 19th century.
(Image copyright Chris Downer and used
under a Creative Commons Licence.)
Here are four more English beaches
where cash transactions in the fish trade
regularly took place. The Western Times
of June 1866 reported that six boats from
Seaton, Devon had caught 20,000 mackerel and sold them on the beach at prices
from 5 shillings to 10 shillings per hundred, depending on size. The Brighton
Herald reported in September 1834 that a
glut of herring had resulted in local boats
bringing ashore 10,000 fish each morning. All catches were sold on Brighton
beach at 1s 6d per hundred.
An issue of the Kentish Chronicle for
March 1865 reported that fishing boats on
the south coast had made excellent mackerel catches during the previous week:
On Saturday 30,000 were brought in and
sold on the beach at Worthing, realising
fourteen shillings per 100. On the previous day upwards of 30,000 had been sold
for similar prices on Shorehams beach.
Fig.17 shows Seaton beach in Devon
where 20,000 mackerel were landed in
a single day in June, 1866 and sold on
the beach at 5s to 10s per hundred ... all
TH
cash sales.
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01959 571255
A Roman Coin
Hoard Revisited
A welcome sight three Roman coins stuck together
after being buried 1,750 years ago.
The first 6 inches of top soil being removed from the marked trench.
Identifying
small
targets
of Roman
coins after
we had
taken a
few layers
of top soil
off.
ne of my latest projects
involved reviewing my first
hoard that I had found back
in April 2013. I had been
using my first ever metal
detector (a Garrett Euro Ace), and was
out detecting on some of the land where
I had permission, when I came across a
scatter of Roman coins in part of the
field. Over a few days I recovered some
297 Roman coins.
I invited my FLO and archaeologists
to the site for them to take notes and to
48
do the necessary paperwork; my find was

classed as a hoard and came under the
Treasure Act.
There were some land tests and studies done to see if there was anything of
historical importance in the field. However, the results come back that there
were certainly no settlements or monuments in the ground other than some old
field systems etc.
Eventually, my find was described as
a scattered hoard most probably deposited in a leather pouch. It was sent to
the British Museum and, after recording, was acquired by a local museum
and purchased from the landowner and
myself for 250.
Since that amazing day I have progressed in my metal detecting career,
studying history and hoard deposits in
general. I have also upgraded the detectors I use to a Garrett AT Pro, and a
recently acquired Garrett AT Gold.
Referring back to my original notes
I had taken when finding the hoard, I
studied the positions where individual
coins had been found, and especially
where any concentration existed.
After this research I was confident
that there would be more coins to be
found, but deeper underground and out
of range of my growing collection of
detectors.
I approached my landowner, told him
my theory, and suggested that it might
be worth taking (literally) a deeper look.
Luckily he supported my ideas, and
agreed to get in and use a mini-JCB to
help me investigate by removing the first
6 inches or so of topsoil.
Early one morning, a few days later, I
met up with the landowner and the digger. I explained to him what I wanted to
do in investigating the site further. The
field was around 80 acres in size but I had
my original notes and plots of finds to
go on. I made an X in white spray paint
where most of my original finds had
come from, and then marked out an area
of 5 metres square around the original
find spot.
Many of the original Roman coins
found had been close to iron, or had
Gary Smith
Myself (centre) and Nick and Julie, who came to help me

record this fantastic moment of history being revealed.
On day two we had a couple of celebration tubs in which to

place the coins that were taken from different layers of soil.
attracted iron oxidisation. For this search

I therefore chose my Garrett AT Gold that
works on a higher frequency than the
others, and as a result gives good target
separation and depth on small targets.
The landowner took off a couple of
strips of top soil within the square I had
marked out, down to about 6 inches.
When I detected over this area signals
suddenly started to come alive again! We
were right on the spot where I wanted to
be! With the help of the landowner over
that day I recovered over 150 Roman
coins.
Rather than a scattered hoard I
guessed we were on the location of the
original deposit made some 1800 years
ago and continued with my search until
dusk. I already had some proof of this in
that two of the coins were stuck to what
looked to be a piece of Roman grey ware
pottery.
Once home I made a phone call to
my friends Julie and Nick Argent to ask
if their son Liam who has made some
detecting videos and put them on U-tube
would like to come down and video the
recovery of the hoard as it came out of
the ground.
Liam, unfortunately, had to go to
school that day, but Julie and Nick agreed
to come down and record it all for him to
put on U-tube.
Early on the morning of the second day I met up with them on site,
and within minutes we were unearthing
Roman coins, taking off a few inches
of soil at a time. Before long we were
about 2 feet down from the surface and
still recovering coins. By this time more
Some of the
coins.
Coin stuck to piece of pottery.
Three piles of Roman coins placed in order of trench depth for recording, with pieces of
the pottery vessel that contained them.
pieces of the pot were coming up and

we knew that we were on, or close to,
the original deposition of a pot of Roman
coins.
We continued throughout the day,
recovering some clumps of coins and
some bits of pot. At the end of our search
we had a mass of Roman coins and
pieces of potshard. The original pot and
hoard must have somehow been hit by
farm machinery in previous years leaving

it widely scattered.
The hoard consisted of approximately
700 Roman bronze radiates buried in
a grey ware Roman pot just over 2.5
feet below ground level cAD 298 by an
unknown person who had not returned
to retrieve them. The deposition had
been made about a mile away from any
TH
known Roman settlement.
49
From Persecution to
Freedom of Belief
Allan Wallace
Part 2: Freedom
ig.1a depicts a 18mm copper
coin of Helena, struck during
her lifetime, which I was most
fortunate to obtain while writing this article. The obverse
displays the right facing bust of Helena
with the inscription FLHELENA
AUGVSTA . On the reverse there is the
allegorical figure of Pax (Peace) encircled
with SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE (Security
of the Republic).
In the enlarged view, Fig.1b, the initials STRE can be easily seen indicating
the this coin was minted in Trier in the
Rhineland.
Fig.1a
Fig.1b
I would grade this as follows:Obverse Image .................................95

Reverse Image ..................................95
Obverse Lettering ............................95
Reverse Lettering ..........................100
Exergue and Field Lettering ..........100
General Condition ...........................95
Out of a total score of 600, I would grade
this coin as 580 (Fine).
When Constantine the Great, was
declared Emperor by his army in York AD
306, he made his mother Helena dowager empress and this is expressed on the
coin giving her the title of Augusta.
At some point in her life Helena
became a Christian and is reputed to
have discovered Christs cross. At the age
of 80 she made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem
and, as the story goes, all three crosses

were found. At first she was at a loss to
tell on which Christ had suffered. Her
suggestion was to take a piece of wood
from each cross and bring them to a
sick woman. The first two pieces had no
effect, but when the third was brought
the woman recovered immediately the
Cross from which it was taken was thus
known as the True Cross.
There are many churches dedicated
to St Helena as in the village of Burghwallis near Doncaster. Here it is said
that she rested on her way from York to
Rome; a few miles to the south in the
village of Austerfield the tiny church of
St. Helena also stands. This church has
a connection with the Pilgrim Fathers
as William Bradford who sailed in the
Mayflower was born in Austerfield and
was christened in the church but thats
another story.
Its a bit like the chicken and egg.
Who, within the family of Constantine,
first developed an affinity with Christianity?
With the title of emperor, bestowed
upon him by the army, Constantine
threw himself into a complex series of
civil wars to finally defeat Maxentius at
the Milvian Bridge.
Constantine was persuaded by a
vision in the sky of a cross type formation along with an inner voice In this
sign, conquer prior to the battle of Milvian Bridge. He then orders his troops
to paint the Christian sign, as seen in
Fig.2, upon their shields and goes on to
defeat their opponents. The sign is the
initials of Christ and referred to as the
Christogram.
Fig.2
X = Chi, P = Rho, symbol or Christogram.

It would not have been thought unusual at that time for Constantine to
declare divine support for his claim to
power, and divine justification for his
acquisition of it. Each side enlisted their
own particular support from whichever
god they chose to honour.
In Constantines case he developed
a strong personal commitment, which
extended beyond toleration of Christianity restoring to them property that had
been confiscated during the persecutions. This could be considered to mark
the beginning of the acceptance of Christianity as the official faith of Rome.
A Reverend friend of mine always
likes to add a postscript to this story for,
while Constantine claims the Christian
God, he did not become baptised into
the Christian faith until on his deathbed
thereby allowing himself plenty of latitude over the following years.
Fig.3
Fig.3 displays a 14mm copper coin

of Constantine by which he is declaring his vows to the Empire. The obverse
displays the bust of Constantine facing
right with the inscription DNCONSTAN
TINVSPFAVG.
Other than his name the letters stand
for DN = Dominus Noster (Our Lord),
PF = Pius Felix (Loyal Blessed), AUG =
(Augustus, title).
On the reverse within the wreath can
be seen VOT (Vows or Prayers). He has
completed 20 years of reign, starting in
AD 306 and now makes a vow for the
following 10 years.
In exergue SMN SM = Sacra Moneta
(sacred mint) of N = Nocomedia.
51
From Persecution to Freedom of Belief
Here I make a small confession.

Although I have liberated several of this
type of coin from their earthen graves,
this one I obtained.
It is pristine with a patina of rich dark
colour; it called out to me to be added to
my collection.
I would grade this as follows:Obverse Image ...............................100
Reverse Image ................................100
Obverse Lettering ............................95
Reverse Lettering ...........................100
Exergue and Field Lettering ..........100
General Condition .........................100
Felix (loyal blessed) good chap, AUG

= Augustus (title).
I would grade this coin as follows:Obverse Image ................................ 60
Reverse Image ................................. 90
Obverse Lettering ........................... 20
Reverse Lettering ............................ 25
Exergue and Field Lettering ........... 95
General Condition .......................... 75
this coin as 365 (Fair).
The Christogram now starts to appear

on coinage of Rome. In Fig.4a it is boldly
displayed on the reverse of a 24mm copper double centenionalis of Magnentius
AD 350-353.
Fig.5a
and Constantine gave him the title of

Caesar making him ruler of Gaul where
he distinguished himself defeating the
Franks and the Alamanni. He goes on
to command his fathers fleet winning
an important navel victory at Hellespont. However, he was executed under
mysterious circumstances; allegedly, on
his fathers orders while accompanying
his father to Rome to celebrate the 20th
anniversary of his accession.
It was some time before I closely
studied the coin displayed in Fig.6a.
Prior to my departure several jobs
requiring my attention were mentioned:
I shant be long. Followed by You said
that last time.
The field looked promising and it was
not long before a coin was uncovered.
With this success and with further signals
I continued on.
Fig.5b
Fig.6a
Fig.4a
Fig.4b
While this specimen is badly corroded indeed it was far worse when
dug out it does display a marvellous
Christogram on the reverse with the
inscription SALVSDDNNAVGETCAES
(salvation health or wellbeing of our
Augustus and Caesars).
With A (Alpha), W (Omega) in the
field, and AMB (Amiens) AM Amiens
mint. B second Workshop as mint mark
in the exergue as seen in the enlarged
view of Figure 4b.
On the obverse is the bust of Magnentius along with the inscription (trust
me) DNMAGNEN TIVSPFAVG: DN =
Dominus Noster (our lord), PF = Pius
52
Fig.5a displays a 18mm copper coin of

Valentinian I AD 364-375. The obverse
shows the bust with the inscription
DNVALENTINI ANVSPFAVG (Dominus Noster Valentinian Pius Felix
Augustus). On the reverse the inscription is GLORIARO MANORVM (Glory
of the Romans).
The displayed image here is that of
the emperor dragging a captive by hair
and in his left hand he holds a labarum
upon which is displayed the Christogram (see Fig.5b enlarged view).
I would grade this coin as follows:Obverse Image ............................... 95
Reverse Image ............................... 100
Obverse Lettering ........................... 95
Reverse Lettering ............................ 95
Exergue and Field Lettering ........... 95
General Condition .......................... 95
Crispus AD 317-326
Crispus was the eldest son of Constantine the Great. He was well educated,
Fig.6b
That field must have been home to

countless horses over the ages some 27
horseshoe nails and seven horse shoes
was my tally (I counted every one!), and
now it was getting dark doesnt time
fly. Getting lost on the way back to the
car I managed to fall headlong into a
dyke of stagnant water; dragging myself
out I had some idea of my next ordeal.
Youre not coming inside like that!
Though it was cold outside it was
much colder inside; very little was said
over the evening meal. During the next
few days many of the jobs were completed without any reminder, and it was
only then that I felt that I might be able
to look at my find.
It was that of Crispus of the Vows
Allan Wallace
type. The obverse displays his bust facing right, hair tied, with the inscription
IVLCRIS PVSNOBC - VL = JUL (Julius),
NOB = Noble and C = Caesar.
On the reverse CAESARVMNOSTRORVM (of our Caesars). Around the
rim and at the centre, a wreath with
VOT and X. Once again VOT = Vows
or Prayers, X = every 10 years or thereabouts.
It can be seen in the exergue,
enlarged in Fig.6b Q SIS this giving the
(Croatia) mint SIS = SISCIA and was
struck in the Q = Quarta officina (4th
workshop).
Both coin Figs.3 & 6 are linked to the
death of Crispus, for it was in the midst
of the celebrations of the vows of the
20th year reign of Constantine, Crispus
was apprehended on the order of the
emperor and secretly, under strong
guard, taken to Pola and put to death.
His death is a focus point for a num-
ber of speculations. The first is that it

is not always best to become suddenly
popular by the masses, being elevated in
esteem not only above those about him
and his fathers entourage but also that
of his father as well.
The history of this period was very
bloody with life cheap and intrigue
abundant. With elevation being accomplished by the sword, it was just as well
to keep a watchful eye on your back at
all times; therefore Constantine put to
death any that would plot against him
or usurp his authority. It is suggested
that Crispus was accused of conspiring
against his father therefore he put his
son to death.
It is also generally accepted that
his step-grandmother, Fausta Theodora the second wife of Constantius I,
was behind the accusations; with the
death of Crispus the inheritance of the
Empire would devolve on her three
MAIN AGENTS FOR:
sons: Constantine II , Constantius II and

Constans.
It is also considered probable that
the pilgrimage to Jerusalem by Helena
was one of penance. She was devoted to
her grandson Crispus and grieved over
his death; it is possible that she impelled
Constantine to execute Fausta Theodora
his empress. With this double tragedy
firmly implanted within her mind the
aged empress made her pilgrimage to
the Holy Land.
The scholar may feel that I have
skipped too lightly over the events of this
period and for that I apologise. However,
this is a most interesting period the fall
had already started and was clearly evident during Tetrarchal reign.
As always I never cease to be amazed
with the objects and the information
they reveal, and hope that all my colleagues out there gain as much pleasure
from their finds as I do from mine. TH
Locations of 170,000 UK
archaeoLogicaL sites
archi
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53
Club & Rally

Round-Up
Norwich
Detectors
Artefact of
the Month.
1066 to
1509
Coin.
Committee Award.
Ancient to 1066 Coin.
Central Yorkshire MDC

At our well-attended November
meeting our FLO Amy Downes
was kept busy recording and
returning finds. She thanked
our Chairman Frank Andrusyk
who really does encourage
members to record all finds,
which has resulted in the huge
numbers that do get logged.
Iron Age harness mount.
Coin of the Month

Edward I farthing, Howard
Green
Artefact of the Month
Iron Age harness mount, Frank
Andrusyk
Under 300 Years Coin
from the Vatican, John Wilson.
Other interesting finds
included an Elizabeth I half
groat found by Howard Green
and a Roman bronze ring found
by John Pawson.
John Pawson
Elizabeth I
half groat.
Roman ring.
Edward I
farthing.
Coin
from the
Vatican.
Please send your Club reports for inclusion in the March

2015 issue by 9.30am on Monday 13 January at the latest,
but earlier would be appreciated.
Send to judith@acguk.com
Brighton & District MDC
Charles II twopence.
Finds of the Month

Club Coin Edward III
penny, Ian Bouglas
Club Artefact Rose-style
buckle, Mick Farrow
Non-Club Coin Charles
II silver twopence 1679, Andy
Stanley
Non-Club Artefact Medieval vesica seal, Dave Southwell
Andy Stanley
Buckle.
Vesica
seal.
54
Edward III
penny.
November meeting
On the finds tables, remarkably,
there were four finds from the
Bronze Age, comprising one
complete palstave axe, two
pieces of a spearhead and a
socketed axe.
Find of the Month
Viking Borre-style brooch, 10th
century, Liam Nolan
11th century stirrup mount,
Damon Pye
Coin of the Month
Ancient to 1066 Clacton-type gold stater, Brian
Anderson
1066 to 1509 Henry I
pax-type penny, Kevin Frost
Find of the Month.
1509 to
Modern
Coin.
1509 to Modern 17th

century Lynn Regis trade token,
Steve Sproule
Tony Gregory Award
Henry VII sovereign penny,
Brian Anderson
Committee Award Toy
cannon, Graeme Simmonds
Graeme Simmonds,
Chairperson
Kingdom of
Mercia MDC
Copy Date for March 2015 Issue
The November meeting was

very busy with many finds on
the table which were handed
over to Stephanie Smith our
FLO for recording purposes.
Tony
Gregory
Award.
Lead horn book.

Dagger chape.
Shoe buckle.
Louis XIII
quarter ecu.
Weve had four good rallies

since we formed in July, with
the following finds made during our latest rallies:A quite rare lead horn book,
currently with the Birmingham
Museum FLO, Craig Pulley
Louis XIII silver quarter ecu
1642, David Stonier
Dagger
chape
(date
unknown), John Challinor
George III bullhead silver
shilling 1816; floral-design
gold-coloured
brooch
or
badge and an Elizabeth I hammered groat, all found by Alan
Edwards.
17th-18th century shoe
buckle, Denstone College cap
badge and decorated lead
George III
bullhead
shilling.
object, possibly Roman, all

found by Mark Nash.
We have a ProBoards forum
at: http://kingdomofmerciamdc.
freeforums.net/ which is open
to all via free registration.
A Facebook page at: https://
www.facebook.com/Kingdom
ofMerciaMDC
(We also have a Google Plus
page and are on Twitter.)
Chris Cooper, Secretary
Club & Rally Round-Up

Weald & Downland MDC
Three members prised out
gold coins recently and Keith
Andreae unearthed a Henry
VIII crown of the double rose,
Mark Davison discovered a gold
angel of Henry VII and Martin
Hay detected a 1787 gold half
guinea.
Finds of the Month
August
Club Sites Elizabeth I sixpence 1578, Mark Davison
Non-Club Sites Jetton,
Mark Davison and a cosmetic
grinder, Keith Andreae
September
Club Sites Rose farthing,
Andy Coombes
Non-Club Sites Elizabeth
I sixpence and Roman brooch,
Alison Harrington
October
Club Sites Edwardian
groat, Christine Hipkiss
Non-Club Sites Henry
VIII rose of the double crown
and a superb Bronze Age axe,
Keith Andreae
Mark Davison, PRO
Henry VII
gold angel.
Crown of the
double rose.
Bronze Age axe.
Mark
Davison
with the
gold angel.
George III
half
guinea.
Gold
ring.
Coin
balance.
Elizabeth I halfpenny.
John penny.
November meeting
Coin of the Month
1st Elizabeth I halfpenny,
Rick Johnson
2nd Venetian soldino
Leonardo Lauredan, Nick Argent
3rd King John penny,
Steve Connell
Joint 1st Late medieval
coin balance, Rick Johnson and
a pipe cleaner which separates,
Sheridan Vaughan
3rd 17th century token,
Liam Argent
Other finds included a
Marcus Aurelius denarius, Julie
Argent; Edward I halfpenny,
Perry Coote; Henry VI half-
Pipe cleaner.
17th century
token.
penny, Liam Argent; Roman

lock pin/lock plate fastener,
Nick Argent; Anglo-Saxon
buckle, Perry Coote; medieval
ring brooch, Steve Connell; 2nd
Regiment of Foot button, Tony
Robson; Victorian commemorative token, Nigel Pryor and a
small lead weight, Julie Argent.
Tony Robson
Edward I
Irish
penny.
Domitian
denarius.
Vesica
seal.
Part of the Roman coin hoard.
Celtic
stud.
George III
sixpence.
George III
shilling.
Jack Phillips On The Move

Jack Phillips has been an excellent spokesperson for over 10
years for The Making Derbyshire
Safer Metal Detecting Association. He is moving to another
part of England to live with his
Venitian
soldino.
South Lancs & Cheshire MDC
Wrexham Heritage Society

November meeting
Finds of the Month
Coins Pre-1700 Domitian
denarius, Byron Cowell
Coins Post-1700 George
III shilling, Lawrence Guiel
Artefacts Pre-1700 Celtic
stud, Terry Ransome
Artefacts Post-1700 Gold
ring, Phil Mills
Adam Guiel
Essex
Detector
Society
son and family and we wanted

to let him know that we will
miss not being able to buddy
up with him in future. All the
best Jack.
John and all the members
Our November meeting had a

Nordic feel to it this month,
with Sonnie and Linda (or Sonji
& Lindan) Raee from the Wirral, giving a talk on the Viking
businessman. Dressed in their
copies of authentic Viking
costumes complete with axe,
sword and shield, they gave a
different slant on the Viking
way of life. Sonnie also entertained the members at the end
of the talk, hammering out replica coins of Knut which they
got to keep.
Pre-1662 Coin Edward
I Irish long cross penny, John
Titchen
Military
badge.
Post-1662 Coin George

III bullhead sixpence 1816,
Mark Redfern
Pre-1700 Artefact Vesica
seal 12th-14th century, 'Blacksmiths', Jackie Smith
Post-1700 Artefact East
Yorkshire Army badge, Jackie
Smith
Coin Hoard 13 denarii plus one nummus, Dennis
OBrien and Phil Batey
Cliff Passey, Chairman
55
DIX NOONAN WEBB

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Found any Roman Coins?

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Telephone 020 7016 1700 Email auctions@dnw.co.uk
www.dnw.co.uk
Trowbridge &
District MDC
Dunelme MDC
Our FLO Lauren Proctor
attended the November meeting to record members' finds
and was keep busy with questions from members on hoard
procedures. A big congratulations to member Dave Blakey
on receiving his award on finding a Roman hoard of follis.
Coin of the Month
1st Queen Mary groat,
Peter Peers
2nd Constantius ll siliqua

AD 337, Anabel Dunbar
3rd Denarius of Geta, Roy
Glaholm
1st Celtic eye toggle, John
Alderson
2nd Roman nail cleaners,
Ron Neesam
3rd Jetton, Peter Peers
Andy Neesam, Secretary
Roman bird figurine.
Henry VIII half groat.
Roman brooch.
Coin of faustina.
Pennanular brooch.
Constantius II
siliqua.
Queen Mary groat.
Roman buckle mount.

Celtic eye toggle.
Dave Blakey
receiving his
award.
Roman nail cleaners.
Jetton.
Denarius
of Geta.
This month's meeting was very

well attended, and our guest
speak Mike Stone, a professional archaeologist, was a contributory factor. His fascinating
talk was about the tokens of
Wiltshire.
Gary Cook was on an
impromptu detecting visit,
and within a short while he
found the Roman bird-shaped
Roman
denarius of
Geta.
bronze that won Artefact of

the Month. The Coin of the
Month winner was Stuart Bailey with his Henry VIII Canterbury mint half groat.
Other find on the table
included: a Roman brooch, a
pennanular brooch, a Roman
buckle, a silver denarius, a silver
ring, a Roman coin of Faustina
and another Roman bronze.
David Rees, Chairman
Weymouth & Portland MDC

Roman military brooch.
Stour Valley Search &

Recovery Club
We recently held our annual
dinner at Cobham Sports and
Social Club at Wimborne. Nearly
40 people attended, including a
number of our farming friends.
Alan Cherry, a well-known
coins and artefacts expert
judged the finds made during
the year, and his decisions are
shown below.
Coin of the Year
1st Elizabeth I three-farthings, David Spohr
2nd Alexander III penny,
Tony Player
3rd Gold stater, John
Hinchcliffe
Artefact of the Year
1st Gold lunula, David
Spohr
2nd Bronze Age spear,
John Earley
David Eagles (left) presenting
the Detectorist of the Year
cup to David Spohr.
3rd La Tne fibula, John

Hinchcliffe
Juliet Hann Memorial
Trophy for Best Roman Coin
Denarius of Clodius Albinus,
David Spohr
Ron Reeves Memorial
Trophy for Best Roman Artefact Nail cleaner, David Spohr
Detectorist of the Year
David Spohr (decided by points
awarded for coins and artefacts
found during the year).
Maurice Hann, Secretary
Saxon
sceat.
Edward III groat.
Horse
harness
pendant.
November meeting
Jim Walmsley has started a
monthly newsletter which will
cover local finds, things for
sale, stories, etc. and pictures
of finds and personalities in
the club. The first issue looks
good so lets hope there is lots
of support.
Coin of the Month
1st Saxon sceat, Mark
Ellard
2nd Edward III groat, Clive
Smith
3rd Henry VI groat, Carl
Walmsley
Henry VI
groat.
Neolithic
ovate
scraper.

1st Roman military
brooch, Carl Walmsley
2nd Horse harness pendant, Dave Cobb
3rd Neolithic ovate
scraper, Terry Summerfield
Dodger (Scribe)
57
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Kendal & District MDC
Eastbourne & District MDC

Robin H informed the latest
meeting of the work that had
been going on behind the
scenes on the archaeological
front locally and the future
involvement of the club assisting in that work on site.
The final leg of the Hugh
Boyd Showcase was held,
which featured up to six gold
items. There were four entries
and on a show of hands the
winner was Dave Cunningham
with Graham Clapham as runner up.
October Artefact of the
Month
1st Roman zoomorphic
brooch of a running hare AD

100-200, George Read
2nd Roman zoomorphic
brooch of a chicken, Robin
Hodgkinson
3rd Roman/Saxon buckle,
Anita Pickles
Peter Kifford,
Competition Secretary
Runner-up.
The winning artefact.

Third
place.
Elizabeth I halfpenny.
Silver brooch.
Commemorative coin.
The November meeting was followed by the AGM. All of the

committee will continue in their
posts for 2015.
George Robinson was
awarded Detectorist of the
Year he was way ahead of the
second and third placing.
Information, meeting venue
etc, for the club, can be had
from the secretary, e-mail: ian
watedge@aol.com
Finds of the Month
Pre-1600 Artefact
1st Part of a Celtic terret
ring, Daniel Head
2nd Tudor buckle, George
Robinson
Post-1600 Artefact
1st Charles Horner silver
brooch, George Robinson
2nd Royal Army Service
Corps badge, Clive Stretton
Pre-1662 Coins
One entry Elizabeth I portcullis halfpenny, George Robinson
Post-1662 Coins
1st Giluren Comes Tirol
commemorative coin, Mike Holt
2nd George I shilling
1723, Martin Head
Overall Find of the
Month Elizabeth I halfpenny,
George Robinson
Ian Sharp, Secretary
Dereham &
Medway History Finders MDC District MDC
November meeting
Coin of the Month
1st Gallo-Belgic E Ambiani stater, Kevin Mantle
2nd Cantii bronze half
unit, Kevin Mantle

1st Medieval seal matrix,
Pete Smith
2nd Saxon pendant, Pat
Lennon
Kevin Mantle
Saxon
pendant.
GalloBelgic
stater.
Cantii
bronze
half
unit.
Medieval
seal matrix.
St Neots & District

Artefact Club
November meeting
Coin of the Month
1st Quarter stater, John
OReilly
2nd Voided short cross of
Richard (?), Mike Fuller
3rd Roman bronze coin of
Constans, mint mark Yugoslavia, Brian Keating
Find of the Month.

Coin of the Month.
Our November meeting was

once again lively with much
debate about rally charges to
non-members and whether or
not someone else had been on
the latest rally site before us. No
holds barred at Dereham club
with strong debate and voting.
Once again the finds table
presented much work for our
FLO and the coins being very
impressive with much for me to
go through.
Artefact
of the
Month.
Find of the Month went

to Mick Battams for an early
Saxon brooch, Artefact of the
Month went to Jimmy Sapey
for a Bronze Age chisel fragment and the Coin of the
Month was won by Steve Pope
for his superb Henry VI quarter
noble.
Arthur Lupton, Chairman
Roman coin of Constans.
Bronze Age chisel.

1st Spout from a pot,
Tom Bell
2nd Silver pin head, Dave
Metson
3rd Bronze Age chisel,
Chris Goulding
Nettie Edmondson, PRO
Spout.
Silver pin head.
Quarter
stater.
Short cross coin
of Richard.
59
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60
SHRADS
ISCA MDC
We had a great dig in a field
that we hope to return to again
soon. After half a day's detecting in a nearby field, the only
find of note was an 1800s sixpence and a penny, but lots of
tin and scrap.
We then moved onto a field
a few metres away and as soon
as we started to detect there,
the historical items started to
pop out of the ground, including a horse harness pendant
Hod Hill
Roman
brooch.
with remnants of red and dark

blue enamel, a silver hammy, a
large nicely decorated buckle
and top of the shop goes to
Andy with his silver sparkly item
of debate; some say it's a cape
fastener others say cufflinks or
part of a bracelet due to the
huge gem in the middle but
definitely a worthy find.
K. O'Hara, PRO
Constantine AE3.
Clothes
fastener.
Trade
weight.
Silvered fastener.
Horse harness pendant.
Decorated buckle.
George II
shilling.
Mystery
sparkly find.
St Edmunds Searchers
Our November meeting was
well attended as we had a talk
on the Staffordshire Hoard presented by Helen Geake. It was a
great presentation and very well
received.
Pre-410 Coin
1st Denarius of Septimus
Severus, Kevin Warren
2nd Caracalla denarius,
Graham Tredgett
410-1603 Coin
1st Edward I penny, Gintarius Krivickas
2nd Elizabeth I penny,
Graham Brandejs
1603 to Modern Coin
1st Victoria threepence,
Kevin Warren
Joint second William III
love token, William Hurrell and
a French franc 1888, Graham
Tredgett
Spear tip.
Pre-410 Artefact
1st Iron Age terret ring,
Linda McGowan
2nd Roman fibula, Graham Brandejs
410-1603 Artefact
1st Lead seal 12th century, Graham Brandejs
2nd Lion head buckle,
Robert Stoute
1603 to Modern Artefact
1st Gold ring, Graham
Tredgett
2nd Silver thimble, Graham Tredgett
Eyes Only
1st Samian ware, Kevin
Warren
2nd Roman pottery, Graham Tredgett
Coin of the Month as
judged by FLO Gemma Roman
denarius of Septimus Severus,
Kevin Warren
as judged by Helen Geake,
Spear tip, Kevin Warren
Graham Tredgett
Gold
ring.
Denarius of
Septimus Severus.
Edward I
penny.
Terret ring.
November meeting
Club Sites Coin
1st Constantine AE3,
D. Whalley
2nd George II shilling,
M. Weaver
3rd Battered hammered,
D. Thorne
Club Sites Artefact
1st Clothes fastener,
I. Achurch
2nd Trade weight,
T. Brown
Edward IV groat.
3rd Silvered fastener,

C. Goodchild
Any Sites Find
1st Hod Hill Roman
brooch, T. Brown
2nd Edward IV groat,
A. Ward
3rd Elizabeth I penny,
K. Arnold
Keith Arnold
Yeovil MDC
Saxon
sceat.
Bronze Age
spearhead.
William IV
sixpence.
Clothing
fastener.
The winning collection.
December meeting
Pre-1694 Coins Saxon sceat,
Rodney Smith
Post-1694 Coins William
IV sixpence, Val Macrae
Pre-1694
Artefact
Bronze Age spearhead, Rob
March
Post-1694 Artefacts
Clothing fastener, Paul Miller
Eyes Only Piece of samianware pottery, Rob March
The Monthly Collection
was won by Rob March
James Perry
61
Price
Match
Policy
Got a better Price?

Give us a call and we
will see what we can do.
See
field
test on
page
64
Field Test
Nokta Fors Core
The author in the field.

Close-up of meter showing
target ID reading.
The Nokta Fors Core.
was recently asked to try out the

new Fors Core detector from Nokta.
When conducting field tests a direct
comparison between different
makes and models is not always
possible, as a detector in the 500-700
range should usually be able to find me
hammered etc. at greater depths and in
worse soil than a detector at only 100
plus. The more expensive detector should
also be of better build quality; however,
this has not always been the case over
the last 10 or so years, as many of us
detectorists have found out to our cost.
If I am using a new machine for the
first time, my main interest is to see
whether it can do what the manufacturer
or dealer says it does in their adverts.
I spend quite a bit of time using such
a detector as I need to become properly
familiar with it. I would not dream of
conducting a review after only 40-50
hours. In my view you cannot really get
to know a detector in such a short period
of time. Before writing this review I spent
at least treble that time in the field with
the Nokta.
Build Quality
The Fors Core genuinely impressed

me right from the delivery. The box it
64
came in was of good quality and externally printed to show the product within
not some anonymous brown cardboard
box.
When I opened the package everything was well wrapped and secure
within it. I was also delighted to see that
the manufacturers had included a coil
cover. How many times have you been
disappointed that after your detector
arrived you could not use it as the manufacturer or dealer never included a coil
cover? But better was still to come. Nokta
had included as extra coil, plus spare
armrest bolts, rubbers, and cable clips! In
my opinion some other manufacturers,
need to up their game and do similar.
The build quality was noticeable from
the start with the coil. It has not been
formed from cheap thin plastic; it was
sturdy and had good, thick attachment
lugs. All of the components were well
constructed, and once assembled I found
the detector to be very well balanced and
have a good, solid feel to it.
The Fors Core has a meter on the
handle, which is ideal to take a quick
glance at while you are detecting. There
is also a meter on the control box, but to
be honest I did not bother to look at this
once I had carried out the initial set up.
I generally go by sound, and if you get

the chance to use a Fors Core, I am sure
that after a while you will start to do the
same.
Set Up
The detector is very similar in some

ways to many other detectors I have
used over the last five years. It has a two
or three tone option that you can select.
Regarding DI2 2 Tones I thought
I would have initially gone with this
option but, surprisingly, I opted for the
3 Tones for my first 30-40 hours use. I
found this was similar to when I first
used the Teknetics T2. It is true that the
Nokta has very similar sounds and ID
Mask (discrimination) to the T2, but it
is a totally different detector. The 2 tone
option with the ID Mask (discrimination)
pre-set at 10 will give a grunt on iron and
a VCO zip sound on non-ferrous targets.
The more you increase the number from
10 the less you will hear iron grunt; this is
because all you are doing is suppressing
the sound.
You will need to use decent headphones if you are employing this mode.
The reason for this is that if you are a bit
more experienced, then you will usually
run the sensitivity a bit high. This will
Toddy Irvine
make the detector a bit sparky and

with some headphones the spits
sound like signals. You want the
spits and pops to be background
noise, which is less than that of
a targets sound; but some headphones amplify the sounds so they
all seem the same.
Personally, I would choose the
XP back-phones on any detector I
use. This is because they do a great
job keeping the spits and pops quieter and amplifying the good signals.
If I use high sensitivity, on any
detector that has this facility, it is
not to try and get extra depth because
usually you will not achieve this. Rather it
is to let you know you have the detector
set to the optimum gain by the spitting.
The detector may sound quiet, but
because of the lack of threshold in this
mode (and DI3) you do not know if the
sensitivity is set at optimum. But if its
spitting and then suddenly the spitting
stops for a period of time, it means that
the soil has become less mineralised
and you could increase the sensitivity.
It might also prompt you to ask why the
soil has become less mineralised? Have
you moved outside of your hot spot
occupation area? So try and run the Fors
Core with a slight spit so that you know
its at optimum sensitivity.
This also brings me on to the subject
sensitivity/gain, and the years I wasted
trying to achieve mega depth by running detectors with far too much gain
and sensitivity to try to squeeze more
depth out of them. On mineralised
ground I would suggest save your ears;
rather, run your detector just past silent
as mega depth will never be achieved on
this type of ground.
With the Nokta Fors Core start with
the default sensitivity setting and then
increase/decrease it after about 10 minutes or once you have got the feel for
the site. I mostly ran the test machine
at 70-80 on most of the sites I searched.
If you do not want to hear iron, then
increase the ID Mask to 30 and you will
knock most of it out.
quarter might fall within this range it is

just a fact of life you have to accept. It is
either that or waste valuable search time
digging coke.
If you are not bothered with coke on
your sites I would suggest digging any
target that registers these numbers as
they could be indicating a tiny item at
some depth. The same applies for most
single frequency detectors, although
obviously without the same meter ID
response.
With the Fors Core you can also up
the settings of the ID mask to stop you
from hearing the coke; but personally
I would rather hear it and keep the ID
mask at 10. Sometimes, on mineralised
ground or when coke is wet, the meter
reading can jump about; but mostly it
will hit a high number and then settle
at 40-50. Over time, with use and experience of this detector, you will get to
recognise such reactions.
DI3 3 Tones is a mode that I think
would suit somebody new to the detector. Keep the default settings and it will
run perfectly. Iron will give a grunt while
cut quarters, halfpennies, pennies etc.
will come in with a mid-tone. Larger
thicker items, like milled coppers and
silvers, (also larger hammered) will give
a high tone. During my research I used
DI2 and DI3. Both are perfect for general detecting, but if you are searching
for higher conductivity targets then DI3
is ideal because you can pick out high
tones easily.
Coke
General
Every single frequency detector I have

used detects coke. The only way to deal
with it is to know where it comes in on
your detectors meter. On the Nokta it
came in between 40-45; I dug up loads
of it initially so I could confidently ignore
such targets. If, by the off chance, a cut
option. If you are going to use it,

set the threshold to just audible;
listening for any rise in it is what
you are looking for. The louder
the sound, the nearer to the coil it
is, or it could be a larger item. On
the flip side the quieter the sound
the deeper or smaller the item is.
You must run the detector with a
stable threshold, and to attain this
you will probably need to drop the
sensitivity significantly.
Cog Mode
I have used this mode on other detectors, as well as the Nokta, with good
effect on freshly ploughed soil or in areas
with little iron. Trying to use this mode
with lots of iron in the ground is very
hard on the ears and will cause mental fatigue; therefore DI2 is a far better
I tested and videoed the Cog mode

on a field, The Dovie, that I would class
as a detectors graveyard. It has a great
history and has produced finds from
Neolithic to Georgian. The down side
it that his field is full of coke and iron,
is highly mineralised, and also done to
death.
I first tested it using the DI2 and DI3
settings (as can be seen on my YouTube
video). I found the DI2 option gave
slightly better results. I also dispelled
the myth that you lose depth when you
increase discrimination on this detector.
You can happily discriminate out the iron
and coke without losing depth. However,
you might lose slight sensitivity on the
low 50 range of VDI numbers if you disc
up to 45 to kill coke; but it is worth it if
coke is prevalent.
I also showed in my video that too
many people think increasing sensitivity
is going to dramatically increase depth!
On most detectors I have tested it does
not especially on mineralised soil. So
the rule here is use discrimination if you
need to, and set the sensitivity to a slight
spit. Do this and you will find the depth of
the Nokta up there with the best of them.
Summary
I never made it to the beach with the

Nokta but I will soon, and put it on my
YouTube channel along with the Nokta
video already filmed. The Fors Core is a
very well-built metal detector with excellent sensitivity to tiny items. It also is a
detector with depth that will compete
with (and perhaps better) other top of
the range VLF detector currently on the
market.
I hope I have given you an honest
insight into this detector and if you want
to watch the video go to Toddy Irvine on
YouTube and search my channel.
www.toddys-digs.co.uk
TH
65
SPINK
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listed. It is an essential guide for beginners, serious numismatists
and anyone interested in British Coinage. As with every new
edition, all sections of the catalogue have been carefully checked
by the specialists at Spink and the prices of the coins have been
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66
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Valuations for up to
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014
Edi
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Benets Artefacts
Third Edition with updated
prices, now with 864 pages
and 3,000 images.
Benets Artefacts
Third Edition
MEDIEVAL BAN
542
NERE
MEDIEVAL BAN
NERETS & PEND
ANTS
543
TS
M08-0101
Banneret
22mm
M08-0104
Banneret
44mm
legh
Arms of the App

family.
300 - 500
as
Arms of Sir Thom

de Pin.
150 - 200
644
M08-0102
Banneret
(Heraldic)
57mm
S
MEDIEVAL RING
y.
Patina a little patch . Scarce.
ining
the enamel rema
200 - 300
Arms of John
LEstrange.
500 - 800
f.
White Hart moti

300 - 500
645
M10-0350
Gold Ring
23mm
With inset sapp

hire.
500 - 800
M08-0201
ic) Gilded
Pendant (Herald
ining.
55mm
the gilding rema
With hanger. 50%
200 - 300
M08-0103
Banneret
(Heraldic)
44mm
MEDIEVAL RING
M08-0105
ant Mount
Heraldic Pen
(Enamelled)
48mm
Most of
of
M10-0353
Silver-Gilt Sea
l Ring
23mm
Agnus Dei moti

f.
200 - 300
M10-0351
Gold Stirrup
Ring
22mm
M08-0202
h Hanger)
Pendant (Wit
55mm
the
With inset garn

et.
500 - 800
in on
Enamelled griff
design on
hanger. Geometrice gilding.
the pendant. Som
M10-0352
Gold Stirrup
Ring
29mm
100 - 150
With amethyst
cabochon.
From 1,500
M10-0354
Gold Lock Ring
23mm
More than a decade has

elapsed since Benets, as we
affectionately know the Good
Book, offered us a feast of
finds and their values back in
2003. I should be surprised to
hear of any experienced and
regularly operating detectorist
who is not the proud possessor of a well-thumbed copy of
that famous Second Edition.
It soon established itself as an
item of essential kit for every
enthusiast preparing for his/
her next search; as unlikely to
be left behind as ones favourite digging tool; and reverently
consulted as the equivalent
of a Delphic Oracle whenever
our efforts recovered a find we
wanted to identify and to put
a realistic value on in money
terms, whether or not we
hoped to profit financially from
our detecting success.
Now the long-awaited
Third Edition is to hand: a glorious high-resolution presentation of more than 3,000 sharp
and closely focused colour
images depicting Stone Age,
Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman,
Saxon, Viking, Medieval and
Tudor artefacts in their true
colours and authentic patinas. Each is accompanied by
Fidelity in Love
symbolism of
the lock.
From 2,000
L
POST-MEDIEVA
832
POST-MED
KEYS
833
S
IEVAL SEAL
P16-0403
Silver Seal
Matrix
23mm
P17-0101
Casket Key
45mm
e
With Queen Ann

portrait.
100 - 150
P16-0404
Silver Seal
ic)
Matrix (Herald
27mm
100 - 150
le. Standard
Openwork hand
type.
20 - 30
P17-0102
Casket Key
46mm
le. Standard
Openwork hand
even patina.
type. Smooth,
20 - 30
P17-0103
Iron Latch Key
75mm
on.
rvati
Good state of prese
30 - 40
P16-0405
Seal Matrix
47mm
Ascribed to
Thomas Deas,
th.
Bishop of Mea
From 5,000
P17-0104
Iron Key
140mm
rvation. Large
Good state of prese

20 - 30
a text which identifies, dates,

succinctly describes and values
the artefact.
A note on values in the
introductory pages will prove of
particular interest to collectors
and other potential buyers. It
explains that the price ranges
represent what a collector or
museum might be prepared to
size.
pay for a similar item. Potential

buyers, or finders, of artefacts
in better or poorer condition
should adjust prices accordingly.
The team at TimeLine Auctions has set the valuations
based on condition, quality
of workmanship, rarity and
demand. The author explains
that, all other factors being

equal, it is quality in design
and execution that commands
a premium. The highest standards of workmanship are rare
and exceptional in any age;
and objects which display those
qualities are always the most
prized.
I know that many experienced detectorists have placed
advance orders with the publisher or with a local retailer.
They require no encouragement from me to grab a copy
of the Third Edition at the earliest opportunity.
I urge newcomers to the
hobby, especially those who
have seen few of our finds from
previous decades, to buy a copy
for its power to incentivise their
efforts to recover good finds.
Before you embark on your
next perhaps first detecting quest, take your copy of
Benets in your hand and let its
864 pages flick beneath your
thumb, reminding yourself
as the glorious images pass
your eyes, that the recovery of
almost every artefact you see
began with a detector switched
on, tuned, and patiently swept
across the ground. Your next
perhaps first find could earn a
place in a future edition of this
celebration of our hobby.
The teams at Greenlight
Publishing and TimeLine Auctions, who have worked so
hard to bring us the Third
Edition, deserve our grateful
thanks.
Benets Artefacts of England & The United Kingdom
Current Values; Third Edition
(2014) is written and compiled
by Brett Hammond and published by Greenlight Publishing.
Ted Fletcher
30 post free available at www.
greenlightpublishing.co.uk
or call 01376 521900.
67
Lucy Ellis
Spotlight on PAS Finds

This month in Treasure Hunting
I have been given the opportunity
to highlight a selection of finds
recorded onto the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) online database.
In this month alone, 8,586 objects
and coins were recorded into 6,188
records, which has brought the
total number of finds recorded to
1,042,832. From these I have picked
10 finds of interest, which I hope
begin to illustrate the diversity of
material reported to the PAS. If you
would like more information about
these or any other finds recorded
through the PAS go to http://finds.
org.uk/database and search our
database.
The following text is based on
the records and research generated
by my colleagues, particularly the
Finds Liaison Officers, their volunteers and external specialists, to
whom I am very grateful. Special
thanks must also go to the finders
who continue to recover and report
these finds to the PAS.
Palaeolithic Handaxe
Assistant Treasure Registrar,

British Museum
November
2014
CM
Iron Age Brooch

This find is a middle Iron Age brooch from Hampshire, dating to c.500-200
BC (HAMP-757A69). The brooch is fairly substantial, measuring 55.4mm
by 45.7mm, is made of copper alloy, and is composed of two distinctive
roundels with openwork decoration between. The roundels are decorated
with raised concentric circles, each with a central piercing. From the central
openwork decoration extend two large U shaped arms, one above and
one below, each with a circular pierced terminal, which give this brooch its
rather striking appearance. At the reverse of the brooch is the integral loop
for the now missing pin, and a horizontal catchplate. This appears to be a
fairly unusual style of brooch for this period, with no precise comparisons
available on the PAS database.
CM
The oldest find in this months Spotlight (by a significant margin) is this hand axe dating from the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic period, c.400,000 to 50,000 BC found in Fazeley, Staffordshire (WMID-49DD1B). Made from quartzite (a sandstone that
has been converted through heating and pressure), this hand axe has been struck from a pebble core and worked unifacially
(on one side). Two large flakes have been removed from the pebble to create this form, with additional smaller flakes removed
from the right side to create a slightly serrated edge. Palaeolithic material is fairly unusual on the database and this particular
example drew my attention because of the pronounced red coloured veins that run through the core material.
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Romano-British Statue
This charming find from West Berkshire is a complete

Romano-British copper-alloy statue depicting a boy
and a goose (BERK-B60E47). The boy is shown in the
style of a putto, a chubby and naked winged boy,
with the goose resting upon his left leg; his arms grasp
the bird around its neck. On top of the boys head is a
Corinthian cap with a line of curls protruding beneath,
and to the back of the figure are the remains of two
small wings, now worn and incomplete. The figure has
good detail on the face and fingers, and the feathers
of the goose are also fairly well-defined. A number
of similar representations of putti playing (or struggling) with animals are known from across the Roman
Empire, mainly through sculpture, but this is the only
Roman example known from Britain. To add to its
appeal, this statue is thought to be Romano-British in
origin (rather than imported from the Continent) and
is likely to have come from a small household shrine.
Roman Headstud Brooch
This Roman brooch from the Isle of Wight is extraordinarily large and elaborate, and would have been
incredibly impressive when new (IOW-B485B5). Dating to AD 75-200 and made of copper alloy, it is of
headstud type (this example has a double-headstud),
characterised by a pronounced circular indentation at
the bow/wing transition. Sadly, this find is now covered in iron corrosion and is missing its pin, but there
are hints that it was once a beautiful piece. The six
cells along the wings and down the bow would have
originally contained colourful enamel, and traces of
red remain in a number of these. Even the foot-knob
of the brooch is highly decorative, with evenly spaced
radiating grooves. Its large size, along with its delicate
detailing, would have made it a particularly eye-catching accessory.
Early
Medieval
Strap End
Constantius II
Gold Solidus
CM
Those who regularly detect will probably have recovered

handfuls of Roman grots, the late Roman copper-alloy
radiates and nummi of the 3rd and 4th centuries. However, this gold solidus fraction of Constantius II from
Mildenhall, Suffolk is an enviable find (BH-E2D596).
Dating to the period AD 355-360, the coin depicts the
Emperor on the obverse of the coin, draped and cuirassed
and wearing a pearl-diadem, and shows Victory seated
on the reverse with a shield. Roman gold coins are not
common finds compared with their copper-alloy or silver
counterparts, with only 143 recorded on the database, and
just four of Constantius II.
However, this coin is probably a contemporary copy,
rather than an official production. Imitations such as this
would have been made at a similar time to the coins
which they copied, and circulated alongside official coinage. Contemporary copy coins are often notable for their
stylised and sometimes crude motifs.
This lovely early

medieval strap
end with
zoomorphic
terminal is from
Lackford, Suffolk (SF-3144C9).
While strap ends of this period
CM
are not uncommon, this particular example is more unusual because the original niello
(a black mixture of copper, silver and lead sulphides)
and silver wire detail have survived. This decoration
can be found in the central tear-drop shaped field,
where two small niello and silver tear-drops are visible,
and also to either side of the strap end where the silver
wire forms a ripple pattern within a niello border.
The zoomorphic terminal of this strap end is also
quite appealing, with two protruding oval ears, a pronounced snout with two small circular nostrils and two
large oval eyes all clearly visible. This strap end has
been identified as belonging to Gabor Thomas Class
A type 5, a type most commonly found in Suffolk and
Norfolk.
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CM
Medieval Seal Matrix

CM
Medieval Enamelled Mount

When looking at this mount from Lyminge, Kent it
is difficult not to be struck by the highly decorative
enamel that sadly only partially remains and wonder
at the time and effort that would have been taken
to produce this piece (KENT-DFBFBC). Medieval in
date, this mount is formed from a copper-alloy rectangular sheet which has been pierced in each corner
for attachment, most likely for affixing to a book or
box. The highly decorative upper surface has blue
enamel and gilt borders, with additional notching at
the exterior edges, and three central circular fields
containing red enamel. Within each of these is a
millefiori style flower, with six white petals around a
red and blue central pellet. The detail on this piece is
suggestive of Limoges style enamelling, which indicates a 12th or 13th century date for this find.
Medieval seal matrices are fascinating finds because they

can sometimes be highly personalised, often referring to an
individual owner and place. This example from Wordwell,
Suffolk, is unlike these in that it has a simple and impersonal inscription, LEGE TEGE (SF-31F9D3). This is Latin
for read, conceal, referring to the role of the seal in keeping letters private. The central motif of the die is a sleeping
lion; his head is curled around to his flank and is intricately
carved to show two ears, eyes and a wavy mane. Interestingly, the sleeping lion motif appears to be more commonly
associated with a different inscription WAKE ME NO
MAN (cf. IOW-E73982, LIN-3984A2). This seal is thought
to date to the 14th century.
PostMedieval
Malting
Tile
CM
CM
Silver Dental Plate Although this find

lacks the obvious aesthetic appeal of many of the others discussed in this Spotlight, its inclusion on the PAS
database, along with 17 others like it, helps to shed
light on the practicalities of life in Georgian and Victorian England. Found in Leigh, Staffordshire this silver
dental plate has been designed to fit the lower jaw, and
incorporates three adult human teeth; one upper incisor
and two upper canines (WMID-F353B8). Each has been
secured onto the plate using a silver pin. The inclusion
of human teeth might seem somewhat macabre, but in
the 19th century they were frequently used, primarily
because they tended to survive better than animal teeth
or carved wood or ivory. Although well never know
the circumstances that surround the deposition of this
dental plate in a field in Leigh; I for one would love to
know how the owner failed to realise its loss!
Unlike most
finds recorded
on the PAS database, this find was
not discovered by
a metal detectorist, but was in fact
recovered by chance
from the River Thames in
Greater London (LON-5A7365).
This now very worn fragment is from a post-medieval
malting brick or tile. The brick or tile is of a mid-red clay
and has very fine, sandy inclusions. It is punctuated by
six circular air holes (only two are complete) that have
been stamped onto the clay from the reverse. These air
holes are themselves formed of seven small perforations, with a single central perforation surrounded by
six evenly spaced perforations, in a geometric flowerlike design. As these tiles were used to form the floors
of maltings, the small perforations allowed heat to enter
without the barley falling through. The recorder notes
the find is unusual for London.
73
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Spink
Coins of
England and
the United
Kingdom
50th Edition 2015
Coins of England and
the United Kingdom remains the number one
reference work which
features every major coin
type from Celtic to the
present day with accurate market values for every coin type listed.
It is an essential guide for beginners, serious numismatists and anyone interested in British Coinage.
All sections of the catalogue have been carefully
checked by the specialists at Spink and the prices
of the coins have been updated to reflect current
market conditions.
The reference numbers used are recognized worldwide and are quoted by all of the leading auction
houses and dealers.
Well illustrated in colour, listing every type and date
of British coins from Celtic times to the present.
Fully revised and updated. Valuations for up to three
grades in British . Hardback Cover, 210mm x
150mm, 30.00 (in 2 volumes)
Celtic & Roman Artefacts by Nigel Mills has over 450 beautiful colour illustrations.
Contents: 1 Bronze & Iron Age Artefacts 1 Fibula Brooches 1 Plate, Crossbow & Early
Saxon Brooches 1 Buckles & Military Equipment 1 Locks, Keys & Knife Handles 1 Spoons,
Cosmetic Grinders, Medical Implements & Seal Boxes 1 Jewellery 1 Cube Matrices, Lead
Seals and Gaming Pieces 1 Pottery & Bronze Utensils 1 Steelyard Weights & Bronze Mounts
1 Figurines & Votive Objects 1 Chart of Roman Gods 1 Select Bibliography 1 Full price guide
for every item in two grades of condition. A4, 152 pages, 16.50 ISBN 1 8977 38 37 4
Saxon & Viking Artefacts covers the period from the 6th to 11th centuries. The objects covered include: buckles, strap ends, pins, cruciform brooches, disc brooches, animal
Al
PRI l INC
brooches, jewellery, beads, stirrup mounts, wrist clasps, dress hooks, keys, knives, tweezers,
CE lU
GU DE
weights, gaming counters, and weapons. There is also a Norse mythology genealogical
IDE
chart of the gods. There are additional notes and advice for collectors.
A4, 108 pages, 16.50 ISBN 1 8977 38 05 6
Medieval Artefacts An indispensible reference work, 116 pages, all colour, price guide, with over 300 beautiful illustrations spanning the period 10661500. Contents include: Introduction (Mudlarking and Historical Background), Buckles, Strapends, Seal Matrices, Thimbles, Pilgrim Badges, Finger Rings,
Brooch Buckles, Buttons & Pins, Heraldic Pendants, Keys, Locks & Weights, Spoons, Knives Pottery, Gaming, Purses & Papal Bullas, Sporting & Hunting (inc
Spurs, Arrowheads, Daggers, Sword Pommels & Chapes), Figurines & Church Vessels. A4, 116 pages, 16.50 ISBN 1 8977 38 27 7
Benets
Artefacts
Third Edition
(2014)
The long awaited
third edition is finally
here, with an extra 250+
pages and 1,000 additional images together with
all prices fully updated.
This superb artefact identifier and price guide ranges
from the Stone Age through to the Tudor period
Benets is the must have guide for identification & valuations. The prices quoted are based upon first hand
knowledge and experience of the antiquities market as
well as recent actual sale prices.
Still in hardback but now containing over 860 pages,
with over 3,000 beautifully photographed artefacts,
this A5 book is produced in fantastic full colour
throughout. Contents include: Stone Age, Bronze
Age, Celtic & Iron Age, Roman, Anglo Saxon, Viking,
Norman, Medieval, Tudor and Post Tudor with artefacts covering Axe heads, Spears, Swords, Daggers,
Brooches, Pendants, Rings, Jewellery, Buckles, Horse
Fittings, Pommels, Thimbles, Seals and many more.
Hardback Cover, A5, 864 pages, 30.00 ISBN
978 1 897738 56 6
W
NE
Saints and
their Badges
by Michael Lewis
Pilgrim badges
were bought by
pilgrims visiting
holy sites across
Europe, partly
as
souvenirs,
but also for the
mystical properties these badges
were believed to absorb when touched to holy
relics. Such pilgrim trinkets are quite common
metal-detecting finds, but given their fragile
nature it is quite possible many detectorists
have found them without realising it, perhaps
even throwing them away! Many badges are
unassuming little lead or copper-alloy objects, but others have intricate designs, and
can even be made of precious metal.
This book offers an introduction to some of
the more common badges, also giving further information on pilgrimage in the medieval period and the saints lives these badges
celebrate.
250mm x 190mm, 168 pages, 20.00
ISBN 978 1 897738 55 9
W
NE
W
NE
A History
of Roman
Coinage in
Britain by Sam
Moorhead
If you have a Roman coin
that you want to identify look no further. If you
want to delve deeper into
the coin, emperor, history
and particular period, this
book is an excellent starting point for further and
deeper research. With over 1600 colour photographs
this is the only book on Roman Coins you will ever need!
Written by Sam Moorhead of the British Museum, this
book provides a chronological overview of Roman coinage from the Republican period (300BC) to the early
5th century, with an emphasis on Roman coinage used
in Britain.
The text provides an introduction to the history of each
period and then outlines the coinage (denominations,
mints, contemporary copies etc.), using Portable Antiquities Scheme and British Museum coins as illustrations.
Throughout, indications are made of the numbers and
distribution of particular Roman coin finds in Britain.
There are also over 30 distribution maps.
A4, 224 pages, 25.00 ISBN 978 1 897738 54 2
Metal Detecting All

you need to know to get
started by Dave Crisp
Topics covered include a history
of the hobby, testing basic detectors and information about
the organisations involved in
metal detecting, as well as
where to search and how to get
permission. There are useful tips
on how to detect and chapters
showing the coins and artefacts that can be found. It also
details the procedure to follow to record your finds with
the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS). The book has over
40 humorous sketches and illustrations and over 200 full
colour photographs. 235mm x 150mm, 150+ pages,
13.50 ISBN 978 1 907427 07 7
Tokens & Tallies through the ages by

Edward Fletcher. Over 400 token illustrations
from ancient to early 20th century. CHAPTER
HEADINGS: Ancient Tallies & Tokens 1 Early
English Tokens & Imitations 1 Medieval Jettons
1 Medieval Tokens 1 17th Century Tokens 1
18th Century Tokens 1 Communion Tokens
1 19th Century base Metal & Silver Tokens 1
PRI
C
Unofficial Farthings & Other 19th Century AdINC E GU
lU IDE
DE
vertising Issues 1 Pub Checks 1 Work, Play &
D
Games 1 Market Traders Tallies 1 Tokens & Tallies In 19th & Early 20th Century Agriculture 1 Control In The Workplace
250mm x 190mm, 100 pages, 16.00 ISBN 1 897738 160
Roman Buckles & Military Fittings
In this book, Laycock and Appels set
out to document and identify many
of the items of Roman military kit
encountered today by detectorists and
archaeologists and set them in their
historical and military context. This text
is lavishly illustrated with over 900
SAVE
colour photographs of surviving
5 full
Roman military kit, most of them never
before published. Chapter titles:
Early Empire Buckles 1 Dolphin Buckles 1 Dragon Buckles 1 Bird
Buckles 1 Horse head buckles 1 Lion Buckles 1 Strap ends 1 Belt
stiffeners 1 Belt Plates 1 Helmet Fittings 1 Sword and Dagger
Fittings 1 Armour Fittings 1 Shield Fittings 1 Apron Fittings 1
Horse harness Fittings 1 Roman military glossary 1 Bibliography
250mm x 190mm, 284 pages,
20.00 (was 25.00) ISBN 1 897738 290
order online
Tokens & Tallies 1850-1950 by

Edward Fletcher. Looks in more detail at
this period, with over 600 illustrations.
Chapter headings: Introduction 1
Makers 1 Advertising 1 Regal Images 1
Calendars 1 Agricultural Tallies 1 Co-op 1
Bonus 1 Club 1 Pub 1 Temperance 1 Refreshment 1 Canteen 1 Teaching 1 MarPRI
C
ket 1 Gaming 1 Newspapers 1 Transport
INC E GU
lU IDE
DE
1 Industry 1 Countermarks 1 Military &
D
Wartime 1 Plastics 1 Further Reading
250mm x 190mm, 100+ pages, 16.00
ISBN 1 897738 196
Roman Coins and Their Values

Vol.4 by David R. Sear
This beautiful hardback book contains 552
pages and is amply illustrated throughout.
This latest volume in the classic series contains a comprehensive listing of the Roman coinage of the period AD 284-337
together with background information on
the history of each reign.
In addition to detailed descriptions of over
4400 coins this fourth volume contains a
wealth of biographical and detailed numismatic information, as well as notes on the historical significance of
many of the individual types. Valuations are provided in a range of
grades and in two currencies (British pounds and US dollars).
225mm x 145mm, 552 pages, 45.00
ISBN 978 1 907427 07 7
Leaden Tokens & Tallies Roman to

Victorian by Edward Fletcher. Over 780 illustrations of lead tokens. CHAPTER HEADINGS: Introduction 1 Acknowledgements 1 A
Note To Paranumismatists 1 In The Beginning
1 The Anglo-French Connection 1 Early English Tokens 1 The Boy Bishop Phenomenon 1
Tokens And Tallies After 1400 1 Tudor Tokens
PRI
C
and Tallies 1 Post-Tudor Developments 1 AgriINC E GU
lU IDE
DE
cultural Tallies: 17th-19th century 1 CommunD
ion Tokens 1 Shycocks 1 Moulds 1 A Brief Look
At Cloth & Bag Seals 1 Collecting & Researching 1 Some Puzzling Pieces
250mm x 190mm, 16.00 ISBN 1 897738 269
The Tribes & Coins of Celtic Britain The Celts left no

written records and the only historical accounts we have of
them derive mainly from Roman writers. As little as 30 years
ago many mysteries and misconceptions still existed as
to the Celtic tribes of Britain and their kings. But thanks to
metal detecting finds and the Celtic Coin Index, far more is
now known. In this book Rainer Pudill draws on his own
experience as a collector and this new knowledge to
PRI
CE
present the latest thinking and facts on the Celts and their
INC GU
lU IDE
DE
coins. The contents include: The Celtic Pantheon 1 MerD
cenaries & The First Celtic Coins 1 Iron Bars & Ring Money
1 Caesars Expeditions To Britain 1 The Celtic Tribes Of Britain & Early Celtic Coinage
1 Pedigree 1 The British Policy Of Augustus & His Successors 1 The Coinages Of Cunobelin 1 Epaticcus 1 The Coinage Of Verica 1 The Invasion Of Britain 1 Resistance
& Rebellion Against The Roman Occupation 1 The Final Celtic Coins Of Britain 1 The
Conquest Of The Rest 1 Time Line. Contains over 300 illustrations and a price guide.
250mm x 190mm 16.50 ISBN 1 897738 242
[ orders 01376 521900
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All 3 Artefact books..................................... @ 39.50 UK post free
History of Roman Coinage in Britain .... @ 25.50 UK post free
Metal Detecting All you need to know ..... @ 13.50 UK post free
Roman Buckles & Military Fittings ......... @ 20.00 UK post free
Roman Coins and Their Values ............... @ 45.00 UK post free

Saints and Their Badges ......................... @ 20.00 UK post free
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British Artefacts Volume 1
Buy all 3 FoR 40
Early Anglo-Saxon
by Brett Hammond. The book contains 20 maps
showing the distribution throughout Britain of various
classes of objects and has 240 beautiful illustrations.
A4, 132 pages, 16.50
iSBN 978 1 897738 351
In Reading Beaches Ted

Fletcher tells you how to be in the
right place, at the right time and
with the right detector and shows
you how to identify the most
productive search spots. This A5
title runs to 88 colour pages and
contains over 50 illustrations.
A5, 88 pages, 8.00
iSBN 1 8977 38 153
Reading Land This title draws
the readers attention to sites where people have
congregated over the years, and where, naturally, losses
of coins, jewellery etc have increased dramatically.
A5, 100 pages, 8.00 iSBN 1 8977 38 110
Reading Tidal Rivers This title shows you where
to look on British & European tidal rivers for those
elusive metalic artefacts that have been lost over
the years.
A5, 84 pages, 8.00 iSBN 1 8977 38 080
British Artefacts
Volume 2 Middle
Saxon & Viking
by Brett Hammond.
This second volume covers
the Middle Saxon material,
including the impact that the Vikings had on Anglo-Saxon
life during the period. Lavishly illustrated with nearly 400
beautiful colour pictures and maps.
A4, 148 pages, 16.50 iSBN 978 1 897738 382
Al
PRi l iNC
CE lU
GU DE
iDE
Detector Finds 1 by Gordon Bailey

contains over 1000 illustrations in 100
pages designed to help you identify your
finds. A4, 100 pages, 15.50
iSBN 1 897738 021
Detector Finds 2 has 100 pages with
hundreds of illustrations. A4, 100 pages,
15.50 iSBN 1 897738 013
Detector Finds 3 has 1000s of finds
described and illustrated by means of clear
line drawings and photographs. All new All
PRi iNC
material. A4, 96 pages, 15.50
CE lU
GU DE
iDE
iSBN 1 897738 226
Detector Finds 4 Extensively illustrated
in full colour it contains all new material
covering the period Medieval to Victorian (1100-1900). A4, 100 pages, 15.50 iSBN 1 897738 323
Detector Finds 5 contains hundreds of new colour illustrations of artefacts to help you identify, date and price
your finds. It covers stone age to Victorian times. A4, 100 pages, 15.50 iSBN 1 897738 102
Detector Finds 6 Uses over 660 clear illustrations to help you identify finds. A4, 112 pages, 15.50 iSBN 978
1 897738 313
Detector Finds 7 Contains over 500 line drawings and 200 photographic illustrations of never seen before artefacts
to help you identify your metal detector finds. A4, 125 pages, 15.50 iSBN 978 1 897738 399
Pottery in Britain, a guide to identifying
pot sherds, by Lloyd Laing, aims to provide
an introductory guide to identifying some of
the basic types of pottery that may be found
and contains 178 illustrations, in the following sections: The potters craft 1 The study
of pottery 1 Prehistoric pottery the Neolithic Period circa 4000-2000BC 1 The Bronze
Age circa 2000-700BC 1 The Iron Age circa
700BC-AD43 1 The Roman Period AD43
circa AD409 1 The Dark Ages & Early Medieval Period 1 The Medieval Period 11th-15th
Centuries 1 The 16th & 17th Centuries 1 The 18th & 19th Centuries 1
Glossary of terminology.
250mm x 190mm, 136 pages, 20.00 iSBN 1 897738 145
Buttons & Fasteners
500 BC-AD 1840
by Gordon Bailey. With
over 1,000 high quality
colour photographs, this
book allows the identification and dating of
metal buttons from the
Iron-age to early 19th
century. It also covers
PRi
C
iNC E GU
Iron Age toggles, SaxonlU iDE
DE
Tudor hook fasteners,
D
and ring brooches. CONTENTS: Excavated Metal Buttons 1 Bronze Age 1 Iron
Age 1 Roman 1 Saxon & Viking 1 Medieval (11th &
12th Centuries) 1 Medieval (13th-15th Centuries) 1
Late 15th-16th Centuries 1 17th Century 1 18th-Early
19th Century 1 Celtic Toggles 1 Saxon, Viking & Tudor
Hook Fasteners 1 Ring Brooches 250mm x 190mm,
100+ pages, 16.50
iSBN 1 897738 218
order online
British Artefacts Volume 3 Late Saxon,

Late Viking & Norman by Brett Hammond.
Featuring Late Saxon, Late Viking and
Norman finds from circa 950-1150
AD, this book encompasses Mammen
style, Winchester style, Ringerike style,
Romanesque style and Urnes style.
Artefacts covered in this beautifully illustrated volume include:- plate
brooches, zoomorphic brooches, penannular brooches, annular brooches,
buckles, belt fittings, strap ends,
fasteners, tags, pins, pendants, rings,
arm-rings, bracelets, swords, axes,
spears, knives, daggers, scabbard fittings, maces, helmets, armour, stirrup
mounts, stirrups, spurs, gaming pieces, weights, seal matrices and
lead seals. A4, 128 pages, 16.50 iSBN 9 781897 738504
Buy Both and save 5.00

Successful Detecting Sites by David Villanueva
contains over 2450 UK site entries. Using rare 18th &
19th century sources, David Villanueva has compiled
this exciting guide to thousands of potentially successful
detecting sites throughout the United Kingdom, with
histories stretching back hundreds or even thousands of
years. Contents: History of Markets and Fairs in Britain 1
The Siting of Markets and Fairs 1 Finds from Market and
Fair Sites 1 Finds from the Routes 1 Open-Air Political
Meetings 1 The Siting of Meeting Places 1 Finds from a
Hundred Court Site 1 Practical Map Reading 1 Finding the
Sites 1 County Atlas and Site Guide for England and Wales
1 County Atlas and Site Guide for Scotland 1 County Atlas
and Site Guide for Northern Ireland & Offshore Islands 1 Gaining Search Permission The Project Approach 1
Bibliography and Sources 1 Code of Practice 250mm x 190mm, 238 pages, 20.00 iSBN 978 1 897738 306
Site Research by David Villanueva. Why should one field be productive of finds year after year and yet the
next field be totally barren? The answer is past human activity, and this book shows through map and document
research, how to locate such activity. Profusely illustrated with examples of maps and documents, and finds
resulting from the suggested research methods. Chapter titles: 1 Using Archives, Libraries & Computers 1 County
Maps 1 Ordnance Survey Maps 1 Practical Map Reading 1 Town Plans 1 Road Maps 1 Road, River, Canal & Railway
Construction Maps 1 Enclosure & Tithe Maps 1 Estate Maps 1 Sea Charts 1 Aerial Photographs, Maps & Surveys 1
Local Histories 1 Guide to County Histories 1 Domesday Book 1 Gaining Search Permission 1 Search Agreements 1
Living with the Treasure Act 1 Code of Practice 1 Bibliography & Sources 250mm x 190mm, 160 pages, 20.00
iSBN 1 897738 285
British Buttons by Dennis Blair. An

authoritative book compiled for collectors
and those interested in the design of
buttons. This book is an ideal reference
work for identification of button
finds. It contains 375 button examples
reproduced in colour, including Livery and
Royal Court buttons as well as General
issues; there is also a chapter upon
PRi
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Button Making.
iNC E GU
lU iDE
DE
The chapter headings are: 1 General
D
Overview, 2 Differentiations & Updating,
3 Livery Buttons, 4 Royal Court Buttons, 5 Collecting Themes,
6 Button Making & Backmarks
A5, 92 pages, 9.00 iSBN 1 8977 38 04 8
Buckles 12501800, by Ross

Whitehead, contains over 800
illustrated buckles
(mostly in colour)
with full descriptions and background text. A
unique classificaPRi
C
tion format using
iNC E GU
lU iDE
DE
shape rather than
D
type or period,
aids identification. Contents include; buckle
manufacture, single looped buckles, buckles
with integral plates, clasp fastners, annular
buckles, rectangular and trapezoidal buckles, asymmetrical buckles, two piece buckles
and finally buckles as jewellery. A4, 128
pages, 16.50
iSBN 1 8977 38 177
Medieval English
Groats
This is the definitive
reference work on
English
Groats.
Written by Ivan Buck,
it covers the groat
from its introduction
in the reign of Edward
I (1272-1307) right
up to the end of
the Tudors in the
early 17th century.
Essential reading this work helps to identify the
various types of groat and the major varieties.
There are over 400 colour illustrations in the
text and a number of scarce and rare coins are
illustrated for the first time. In many cases the
information provided can be applied to the
parallel series of half groats.
A4, 68 pages, 16.50 iSBN 1 8977 38 420
Advanced Detecting ............................ @ 16.50 UK post free

British Artefacts Volume 1 .................. @ 16.50 UK post free
British Artefacts Volumes 1, 2 & 3...... @ 40.00 UK post free
Buttons & Fasteners 500BC-AD1840... @ 16.50 UK post free
British Buttons ..................................... @ 9.00 UK post free
Buckles 1250-1800 ............................ @ 16.50 UK post free
Cleaning Coins & Artefacts ............... @ 12.00 UK post free
Detector Finds 1 ................................ @ 15.50 UK post free
Detector Finds 4 ................................. @ 15.50 UK post free
Cleaning Coins & Artefacts

(conservation 1 restoration 1 presentation) by David Villanueva, sets out
to show you what you can safely do to
clean & preserve metal detector finds. The
chapter headings give you an idea of the
coverage of this title: Introduction 1 In
The Field 1 Map Reading 1 Safe Storage
1 Identification and Assessment 1 Introduction To Cleaning Finds 1 Mechanical
Cleaning 1 Electrolysis 1 Chemical Cleaning
and Conservation 1 Repair, Restoration and
Replication 1 Photographing Your Finds 1 Storage And Display 1 The
Treasure Act 1 Bibliography and Suppliers.
A5, 116 pages, 12.00 iSBN 978 1 897738 337

All 1-7 Detector Finds Books ............. @ 83.50 UK post free
Medieval English Groats ................... @ 16.50 UK post free
Pottery in Britain .................................... @ 20.00 UK post free
Reading Beaches .................................. @ 8.00 UK post free
Reading land ........................................ @ 8.00 UK post free
Reading Tidal Rivers ............................. @ 8.00 UK post free
All 3 Reading books ......................... @ 20.00 UK post free
Site Research ........................................... @ 20.00 UK post free
Successful Detecting Sites ...................... @ 20.00 UK post free
Successful Detecting Sites & Site Research... @ 35.00 UK post free
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Advanced Detecting
by John Lynn.
This book is a must have
for the detectorist wishing to improve his or her
skills.
Chapter titles are:
Understanding your Detector 1 Mineralisation &
Ground Effect 1 Meters
or Audio 1 Discrimination
and the Conductivity of
Metals 1 The Functions
of Sensitivity & All Metal 1 Mindset, Experience, Confidence & Concentration 1 Starting From Scratch on a
New Field 1 Time-Out But Not to Smell The Flowers 1
Sweep, Stem Lengths & Pace Lengths 1 Signals 1 The
Best & Worst Times to Detect & Different Surfaces 1
Identifying Pottery 1 Recovery & Response Speed 1 Bits
& Pieces 250mm x 190mm, 108 pages,
16.50 iSBN 1 897738 250
[ orders 01376 521900

Send order to: Greenlight Publishing, 119 Newland
Street, Witham, Essex CM8 1WF ENGlAND
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Rays Roman Collection
Part 2
Fig.2. One of Rays silver coins.
Fig.1. Sam Moorhead sorting through coins at

Rays home.
uite soon after gaining permission to detect on a farm

in Warwickshire, Ray Simpson had found an Etruscan
statuette. The statuette had
been submitted to Warwick
Museum and subsequently to the British
Museum. The British Museums view
was that there were two possibilities of
how an Etruscan statuette could have
been found in Warwickshire. Their preferred version was that it had been lost in
comparatively modern times by somebody returning from Italy. The other
version was that it had been brought
over during the Roman Occupation.
Rays finds in the weeks, months and
years that followed seemed to make the
second version more likely. Apparently,
Ray could hardly take a step on the farm
without unearthing yet another Roman
find. There were coins, brooches and
various other artefacts unearthed, all of
which suggested that the site was of
great significance in Roman times.
Obviously Ray was taking great care
not to reveal the exact location of the
farm, but in view of the number of
finds he realised that the site was very
important in an historical context. He
therefore presented his finds at Warwick
Museum to be identified; however, it
was quickly discovered that the amount
of finds to be logged would be a full time
job. Stan Taylor from Warwick Museum
did most of the early identification work
but in more recent times Ray presented
his finds to Duncan Slark, who was at
that time Finds Liaison Officer for Staffordshire and the West Midlands and
based at Birmingham Museum. Duncan
78
Fig.3. Gold aureus of Nero.
was fortunate to be in the post at the

time when the Staffordshire Hoard was
found.
Rays collection of Roman finds from
the site was considered so important that
Sam Moorhead from the British Museum,
author of A History Of Roman Coinage
In Britain (from Greenlight Publications), visited Rays home to identify and
catalogue the coins. Sam is National
Finds Adviser for Iron Age and Roman
Coins at The British Museum, and is
considered the countrys foremost expert
on the subject. Along with Duncan
Slark, Sam spent over three days sorting
through the coins and indexing them in
a comprehensive database. Fig.1 shows
Sam sorting just some of the coins at
Rays home.
Many of the coins are what we metal
detectorists call grots, but to Sam each
one tells an important story. He says that
in an historical context the grots are just
as important as silver and gold examples.
From the dates and the mint marks of
these coins Sam is able to more accurately
establish the date during the Roman
Occupation that the site was in use.
Of course, not only grots have been
found by Ray. He also has a fine collection of silver coins and a gold coin,
which is the jewel in his crown. I shall
describe the gold coin later. There are
also brooches and other artefacts that
have been unearthed from the site.
Fig.4.
Iron
spear
tip.
On an example of one of Rays silver

coins the obverse side shows the head
of Gordian III with a standing figure of
Felicitas on the reverse side (Fig.2). This
coin was minted in Rome between AD
238-260.
Every one of Rays coins has been
photographed and fully indexed with
the Latin inscription, size, date, mint etc.
The end result of the work is a very large
database that can be accessed by scholars
and historians for generations to come.
The one gold coin so far found on
the site is an aureus of Nero dated AD
64-65 (Fig.3). The aureus was a gold coin
of ancient Rome valued at 25 silver denarii. It was regularly issued from the 1st
century BC to the beginning of the 4th
century AD, when it was replaced by the
solidus. The aureus was about the same
size as the denarius, but heavier due to
the higher density of gold (as opposed to
that of silver).
The aureus of Nero is a very rare coin.
The only other example discovered in
Britain, that I am aware of, was found
Alan Charlish
Fig.5.
Common
types of
Roman
brooch.
Fig.7.
Some
of the
diverse
artefacts
found
over the
years by
Ray.
Fig.6. A more rare type of Roman brooch.
by archaeologists at Vindolanda close

to Hadrians Wall. It was described as a
very rare coin embossed with the image
of the hated Emperor Nero. Comparison
of the two coins shows that Rays is the
better example.
What makes the site that Ray detects
of such great interest is the sheer range of
Roman coins and artefacts found there.
Fig.4 shows a spear tip. Being made of
iron there are very few of these found.
An item that is quite frequently found

in Britain is the Roman brooch. Ray has
found literally dozens of them in all of
their forms. It seems that the average
Roman lost brooches with amazing frequency as so many are found. Some of
the more common types Ray has found
on his site are depicted in Fig.5. The
brooch pictured in Fig.6 is of a type that
is a little rarer. Fig.7 shows a few of the
diverse bits and pieces that have been
found over the years by Ray.
Obviously, Ray fell very much on his
feet when he asked for and gained permission to detect on the Warwickshire
site that has yielded so much over the
two decades that he has detected there.
Over the years he has developed a very
good working relationship with the landowner. It is, of course, essential that there
is a mutual trust when any permission to
search is obtained. Ray makes a point of
showing the landowner everything he
finds and the landowner has the option
of keeping any (non-Treasure) item if he
so wishes. When I started writing this
article I mentioned that the landowner
has possession of the small Etruscan

statuette that was one of Rays first finds
on the site. Ray is a retired carpenter and
he made a very nice wooden base for the
statuette which he presented to the landowner as a gift. Perhaps this small votive
offering is what has brought Ray such
good luck on the site? Maybe the beliefs
of the Romans still hold true in the area?
Ray Simpson has for many years been
a member and has been on the Committee of the Coventry Heritage Detector
Society. At the time when Ray eventually
retired from the Committee the society elected him an honorary member.
To this day he provides advice to new
members and regularly displays his finds.
He is ever present whenever the society
gives talks and demonstrations to local
schools.
He has also been on the Committee of the Midlands Federation of Metal
Detecting Clubs and has only recently
retired after 12 years as the Treasurer.
All in all Ray has been a fine ambassador for our hobby and we could well do
TH
with a few more like him.
A History of Roman Coinage in Britain

by Sam Moorhead
If you have a Roman coin that you want to identify look

no further. If you want to delve deeper into the coin,
emperor, or particular period the book is an excellent
starting point for further and deeper research.
This book provides a chronological overview of Roman
coinage from the Republican period (300BC) to the
early 5th century, with an emphasis on Roman coinage
used in Britain. The text provides an introduction to
the history of each period and then outlines the coinage
UK
FR POS
EE T
(denominations, mints, contemporary copies etc.), using

Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and British Museum
(BM) coins as illustrations. Throughout, indications
are made of the numbers and distribution of particular
Roman coin finds in Britain.
A4, 224 pages
Over 800 coins photographed,
ONLY
showing both obverse & reverse for
25
each coin
30 distribution maps
( Orders 01376 521900 or www.greenlightpublishing.co.uk

79
Auction round-up
TimeLine Rostrum Sale, London. December 3-5 2014
* Prices with buyers commission inclusive of VAT.
Our most recent sale, held in Bloomsbury, London, from 3-5 December included
some exceptional pieces and a departure from our previous sales format. The
sale was marked by the introduction of two very high-profile guest auctioneers
to add an element of show-business glamour. Lindsey Gunderson is an ex Sky TV
studio news anchor who is also a noted jewellery and wine specialist and divides her
time between London and Shanghai where she hosts specialist art- and historical-themed TV programmes.
Lindsey hosted a short seminar for attendees on the subject of collecting ancient jewellery and conducted a
dedicated auction of 50 selected lots of gold jewellery items.
The other guest auctioneer was American Sean Kelly, a stand-up comedian and host of the TV series Storage
Hunters. Sean was in London recording the second series of a new UK-based version of the show and was
happy to accept our invitation to handle a charity auction of Christmas food and drink on behalf of Londons
Great Ormond Street Hospital for sick children. Sean also took over a dedicated section of Viking period lots
including some spectacular jewellery items.
Lot 744 The King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and
Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix pair, was guided
at 80,000-120,000 and fetched 151,250 from a US buyer
on the strength of great interest in this topical item, fierce
bidding against the book and on the internet. A casket
containing Roberts heart was carried into battle in Spain
by his friend, Sir James Douglas, who reputedly cried
Lead on, brave heart! while hurling it at the enemy. The
heart and the corpse of Sir James were brought back to
Scotland and buried at Melrose Abbey in 1331.
Lot 382 A Viking box brooch in remarkably good

condition with its finely detailed ornamental surfaces
preserved by gilding was offered at 20,000-30,000.
There was fierce bidding in the room and on the
internet, ending with a contest between two American
bidders. The brooch fetched 47,795.
80
TimeLine Rostrum Sale, London. December 3-5 2014

* Prices with buyers commission inclusive of VAT.
Lot 697 A Roman seal

intaglio mounted in a
medieval gold seal. This
item excited some serious
bidding, and was won by
a collector based in the
UK for 7,018.
Lot 703 A Saxon gold

and crystal teardrop
pendant. There was
fierce bidding from the
European continent, but it
was won by a Californian
collector for 7,865.
Lot 721 A
Byzantine
gold bangle
was sold
for 6,655,
nearly
double
the upper
estimate.
A group of Anglo-Saxon casket mounts and appliqus,

lot numbers 876-880, all went to the same buyer who was
competing with a German dealer on the phone. The winner
took them for 28,435.
Lot 888 A pair of silver-gilt bow brooches was

guided at 5,000-8,000; with considerable interest
it went to a German collector for 13,310.
Lot 1014 A large Chinese ceramic figurine went for

6,050 to a Russian buyer.
Lot 1686 was

the best
performing
coin, a
William I
Sandwich/
Aelfget two
sceptres
penny. This
beautiful
example made 3,569, nearly double the upper estimate.
81
Getting Star ted

on a Tight Budget
Figs.1 & 2. An unfinished search for a lost ring led to permission to search a huge field where Georgian finds
had previously come to light.
ews of hoards worth millions

found by metal detector
owners encouraged me to
think seriously about taking
up the hobby. Unfortunately,
the reality of bills, bills and more bills at a
time when employers in my trade (painting and decorating) were cutting costs on
every contract left very little in my personal savings pot for spending on
non-essentials. A flick through a copy of
Treasure Hunting magazine at a local
newsagents confirmed that most detectors were beyond my budget, with fewer
than 10% of the new models on offer
coming into the under 200 bracket I had
in mind.
Months went by and two more big
hoard finds hit the news headlines. I
began to think about taking a chance
on a still-in-working-order-in-spite-ofappearance lot on eBay, but I had my heart
set on starting with a brand new machine.
So the metal detector dream was about to
go onto the back burner once again when
my wife pointed out that I was already
spending more than 100 a year on a
weekly National Lottery ticket that had
not earned so much as a tenner. Little did
she know that I had also taken to buying
the Wednesday ticket, pushing my yearly
82
gambling losses as high as 200. Should I

gamble on a detector instead?
My wife warmed to the idea when
I told her that detector users often find
lost jewellery. She agreed to abandon her
hopes of being married to a lottery millionaire, provided she came first in the
queue for any unclaimed gold rings! Shes
still in the queue, and she is now the wife
of a detector owner with the potential to
find his own hoard.
I eventually settled on buying a Tesoro
Compadre, not only because it cost a
shade under 200, but also because the
Detector Information Booklet I received
from the dealer when I requested further
details convinced me that its position as
the least expensive model in the range did
not place it at a disadvantage when it came
to usability. In fact, I found it so easy to get
the hang of the single switch on, set up,
start detecting control knob that I began
hunting successfully after no more than
a couple of swings of the search head. A
grubby but spendable 1 coin set me on
the road to recouping my investment. Seeing the coin come out of the ground jolted
my wife into action. She hurried indoors
to make a phone call while I added an old
lead toy soldier to my finds pocket.
I learned 10 minutes later that my
wife had offered my finding services to

an acquaintance who had told her of a
lost ring. Its owner had spent a morning
removing autumn leaves from her lawn
and raking them into a mound. Later
she missed her wedding ring and at once
decided it must have dropped into the
fallen leaves. Youll have no trouble finding a gold ring in a pile of leaves if you can
detect a 1 coin in soil, my wife assured
me. You might even get a finders fee.
But what I got was a sinking feeling when
I saw the size of the mound. The ring, if it
was in the pile, could have been more than
a foot deep by that time. I gave it a shot,
found a couple of ring-pulls, and said to
the audience who had gathered to watch
my performance, Sorry but if you
can wait until early next year the pile will
have rotted down a lot. I could try again
in spring.
To my pleasant surprise the family
were very grateful for my efforts. Whats
more they told me a local farmer friend
had said he would let me search on a field
where some detectorists had tried their
luck several years earlier and found what
they described as Georgian coins and
buckles. I could hardly wait for a chance
to try my Compadre on such a location,
even though the earlier searchers had
Mike Armstrong
Figs.3 & 4.
My Compadre
performed really
well, even where
others had searched
before me. I had
found several
Georgian coins and
four lead tokens
before a silver coin
gave a sharp signal
of its presence.
Fig.5. My wife
wants this crooked
sixpence, which
was made from a
coin of William III,
polished, drilled
and mounted on a
chain to make an
unusual pendant.
Fig.6. My display of Compadre finds has begun to grow. I may have more to report
as the pair of us become closer compadres.
probably found the bulk of any losses.

Unfortunately, reality intervened at about
that time when I got the call to start work
on a major painting job that required
seven-day weeks for at least a month. By
the time I got to the farm the crop had
begun to grow, but the farmer said light
walking on it would do no harm. He gave
me the go-ahead and said I could keep
what I found, though hed expect his half
share of any pot of gold I brought to light.
Compared to the two gardens on
which I had so far detected, the farm field
was massive. I spent the first day wandering around it wherever my boots took
me. Remembering the instruction sheets
words about keeping the discrimination
to the very minimum, I was pleasantly
surprised that with the knob turned to little more than position 1 the detector was
finding very small pieces of lead, copper,
and brass at 4-5 inches. I also turned up
two copper coins which I now know were
from the reign of George III; very worn

but with the ghostly outline of the kings
head visible and Britannia sitting on the
other side.
By day two it had become obvious that
losses were more plentiful just inside the
entrance to the field. I resisted a temptation to wander and stuck to a careful
search of the soil up to 10 or 20 yards in
from the gate. Finds from there included
four interesting lead discs with unusual
markings. These, I learned later, were lead
tokens once used to record the amount of
work done by farm labourers. The workers
could exchange the tokens for money at
the end of the week. Holding one in my
hand I could almost feel the back-breaking
efforts the man (perhaps a woman) must
have endured, only to lose this record of
the days labours.
My days labour eventually turned up
a silver find. The signal sounded quite
strong and I expected something in the
top 2-3 inches of soil, but I had to take

another half trowel-full from the hole to
reveal a lost silver coin. Disappointment
due to ignorance immediately set in when
I cursed the fact that it was bent into an
odd shape. I now know, thanks to buying
a few back issues of this magazine and
reading the very useful articles, that I had
found a crooked sixpence, which was a silver coin bent into a cocked-hat shape by a
young man who hoped to engage himself
to a young woman in those dim and distant days. My crooked sixpence dated from
1697, in the reign of William III, who was
also William of Orange.
Owning a detector was rapidly increasing my knowledge of history.
There were three further good outcomes from that find. First, the people
at Tesoro advised me to write about it
and send a report to Treasure Hunting,
where one of their experts at article writing
(in this case Ted Fletcher) would knock off
its rough edges; and that if it got into print
I could expect a payment that would go
some way towards paying for my detector.
The second good outcome is that my wife
is over the moon with the notion of a love
token from 1699. She wants it polished
and hung on a chain so that she can say,
Look what my husband found for me.
I told her it was the detector that did the
finding, but shes not listening.
The third good outcome is that the
Compadres signals now give me the same
buzz I used to get from watching lottery
balls. Every buzz is a winner with the
Compadre, and theres no reason why six
might not drop into place and make me
TH
exceedingly rich.
83
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Far &
Wide
Mystery Of
Sanxingdui
Stonehenge Lozenge
Almost everyone has heard of
Stonehenge, the prehistoric
monument in Wiltshire, England made up of huge megalithic stones arranged in a circular shape. But not many people
know about the spectacular
and mysterious golden lozenge,
which was found in the grave
of a chieftain within the Stonehenge complex.
In 1808, William Cunnington one of Britains earliest
professional archaeologists
discovered what have become
known as the crown jewels of
the King of Stonehenge.
What makes this artefact
so important and unique is its
decoration made of impressed
lines that reveal an incredibly
advanced knowledge of mathematics and geometry.
The purpose of the golden
lozenge remains a mystery,
although some believe it was
an astronomical instrument.
The Bush Barrow Lozenge
is clearly consistent with the
pattern being an archaic form
of writing, with the lines representing, through the use of
angles, the astronomical values central to the measurement
of time and the prediction of
eclipses, said Dr. Cunningham.
dragons, snakes, and birds; a

giant wand, a sacrificial altar, a
4 metre tall bronze tree; axes,
tablets, rings, knives, and hundreds of other unique items.
Researchers were astonished to find an artistic style
that was completely unknown
in the history of Chinese art,
whose baseline had been the
history and artefacts of the Yellow River civilisation.
Alexanders Tomb
New Aid For Diving

Archaeologists have began
using a revolutionary new
deep-sea diving suit to explore
the ancient shipwreck where
one of the most remarkable
scientific objects of antiquity
was found.
The Antikythera mechanism a 2nd century BC device
known as the worlds oldest
computer was discovered by
sponge divers at the turn of
the 20th century off a remote
island in the Aegean.
The complex device of up
to 40 bronze cogs and gears
was used by the ancient Greeks
to track the cycles of the solar
system.
Amid the once-tranquil village

of Sanxingdui, giant sacrificial
pits were accidentally discovered by a farmer in 1929. These
contained thousands of gold,
bronze, jade, ivory and pottery artefacts. These were so
unusual and unlike anything
ever found in China before that
archaeologists realised they
had just opened the door to
an ancient culture dating back
between 3,000-5,000 years.
The objects found in the
sacrificial pits included animalfaced sculptures and masks
with dragon ears, open mouths
and grinning teeth; human-like
heads with gold foil masks;
decorative animals including
It took another 1,500 years

for an astrological clock of similar sophistication to be made in
Europe.
Returning to the wreck,
archaeologists will be using a
new diving suit that enables
them to dive to more than
double the depth they can usually go, and stay safely at the
bottom for longer.
The Exosuit, built in Canada
by Nuytco Research, will allow
divers to reach depths of 150
metres (492 feet) and still perform delicate tasks, says the
archaeologist Theotokis Theodoulou.
The suit, which resembles
a puffy space suit, expands
our capabilities, he told AFP
as the research team set off
for a month-long expedition to
Antikythera, which lies between
Crete and the Peloponnese.
Ill be able to grasp, pluck,
clench and dig for several
hours, he added.
Archaeologists
believe
many other artefacts are yet to
be discovered in and around
the wreck site.
The worldwide media

is currently amass with
news stories about the
exciting discovery of
an enormous tomb in
Amphipolis, Greece,
and speculation has
been mounting that it
may belong to Alexander the Great (356-323
BC). The final resting
place of the Macedonian king has been one
of the greatest mysteries of
antiquity, but it is one that may
have already been solved.
Archaeologist Leana Souvaltzi claims she discovered the
real tomb of Alexander 20 years
ago in Egypt and has been
blocked by the Greek and Egyptian governments ever since.
In 1984, Ms Souvaltzi
applied to the Egyptian authorities for permission to excavate
the area of the Siwa Oasis,
located between the Qattara
Depression and the Egyptian
Sand Sea in the Libyan Desert.
In 1989, five years after the
application had been submitted, permission was granted
and excavations began. After
only one week Ms Souvaltzi and
the archaeological team found
an entranceway, guarded by
lion statues, to what appeared
to be a very large and important
monument.
Over the next several years,
the excavations revealed that
the monument was a magnificent 525 square meter Hellenistic royal tomb.
In addition to the lions in
the entranceway, the archaeological team unearthed numerous lion heads throughout
the underground structure a
reflection of the important status of the owner, as well as
Greek-style decorations, Greek
inscriptions, and a carved relief
with the symbol of Amun Ra,
all of which pointed to the
tomb belonging to Alexander
the Great.
85
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John Paton
Far & Wide

Mysterious Sunken Treasure
The Salton Sea is a shallow, saline lake that lies
along the San Andreas
fault in the lowest elevations of the Salton
Basin in Californias
Colorado Desert.
The sea was created
by accident between
the years of 1905 and
1907, when shoddily
built irrigation canals
allowed the Colorado River to
burst forth into the desert.
Over the years, the Salton
Sea would see various types of
development along its shores.
The American Navy opened
a test base here in the 1940s,
which served as a seaplane
operations facility during the
Second World War.
It was here that planes,
including the Enola Gay,
dropped dummy bombs in
preparation for their fateful
Hiroshima run. The sea still has

an eerie, haunted quality to it.
The sea has often been likened to a sort of Bermuda Triangle, a black hole from which
planes and boats sometimes
never return.
It is here that the story of
a lost Spanish Galleon loaded
with pearls and gold coins
comes in.
The story goes that the galleon ran aground on a sandbar or landslide, after which
the crew were forced to
abandon it and escape
overland through the
desert, leaving the ship
and its cargo of gold and
pearls behind.
Over time, the lake
disappeared and it is said
the ship sank beneath
the sands.
Is there an ancient
lost treasure buried at
the bottom of the Salton
Sea?
Emerald
Tablet
The origins of Western
alchemy can be traced
back to Hellenistic Egypt,
in particular to the city of
Alexandria.
One of the most
important characters in
the mythology of alchemy
is Hermes Trismegistus
(Hermes the Thrice-Great).
The name of this figure is derived from the Egyptian
god of wisdom, Thoth and his
Greek counterpart, Hermes. The
Hermetica, which is said to be
written by Hermes Trismegistus, is generally regarded as
the basis of Western alchemical philosophy and practice. In
addition, Hermes Trismegistus
is also believed to be the author
of the Emerald Tablet which is
said to be a tablet of emerald or
green stone inscribed with the
secrets of the universe.
The origins of the Emerald Tablet is unclear, but surrounded by legends. Most common legend claims that the
tablet was found in a caved
tomb under the statue of
Hermes in Tyana, clutched in
the hands of the corpse of
Hermes Trismegistus himself.
Another legend suggests
that it was the third son of
Where Dracula Was Held
Grave of Viking Smithy

The spectacular remains of
what appears to be a Viking
grave, most likely belonging to
a blacksmith, has been uncovered in Sogndalsdalen, Norway
(as reported by NRK). The grave
was found by Leif Arne Norberg, under a series of stone
slabs in his back garden.
Mr. Norberg had been carrying out landscaping works when
he suddenly spotted a black-
smiths tongs, followed soon

afterwards by a bent sword.
On closer examination
it quickly became apparent
that he had stumbled upon
a remarkable Viking Age find.
Archaeologists from Bergen
University and the Countys Cultural Department were called to
the scene and the remains were
subsequently excavated.
The finds recovered from the
grave suggest that
it probably dates
from the 8th or 9th
century AD. They
included
various
pieces of metalwork,
tongs, a sword and
an axe, all of which
will be conserved
before being put on
display at the University Museum of
Bergen.
Adam and Eve, Seth, who originally wrote it. Others believed
that the tablet was once held
within the Ark of the Covenant.
And some even claim that the
original source of the Emerald
Tablet is none other than the
fabled city of Atlantis.
Whilst Balinas claimed that
the Emerald Tablet was written
originally in Greek, the original
document that he purportedly
possessed no longer exists, if
indeed it existed at all.
The interpretation of the
Emerald Text is not a straightforward matter, as it is after
all a piece of esoteric text. One
interpretation, for instance,
suggests that the text describes
seven stages of alchemical
transformation calcination,
dissolution, separation, conjunction, fermentation, distillation and coagulation.
Archaeologists believe they have

discovered dungeons, tunnels
and a military shelter at Tokat
Castle in northern Turkey where
Vlad the Impaler from whom
Bram Stokers character Dracula
was created is believed to
have been held hostage in the
early 15th century.
The find was made during
restoration works at the castle, which uncovered a secret
tunnel leading to the nearby
Pervane Baths and a military
shelter. Two dungeons were discovered,

where
Wallachian Prince
Vlad III, known as
Vlad the Impaler,
is believed to have
been kept captive
by the Ottoman
Turks.
Previous restorations at the castle, in the western
region of Pontus,
uncovered a 100
metre tunnel in
the northern faade which is
believed to have been used by
the kings daughters to reach a
nearby Roman bath.
Prince Vlad III and his brother
Radu are believed to have been
held at the castle in 1442 by the
Ottomans. Vlads patronymic,
Dracul, means dragon derived
from his father Vlad II Dracul, in
the Order of the Dragon.
Vlad earned his name due
to his historical reputation of
impaling his victims.
87
County Guide
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March 2015 issue deadline: 15th January
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01243 830005
Tel. (01635) 46040.
PO Box 833, Bognor Regis PO21 9GN. See our ad on page 58
HAMPSHIRE
MOORE ANTIQUITIES
Portsmouth Detectors
Telephone 02392 832066/815918
&
Stockists
MoSt MaKeS, booKS & acceSSorieS SUPPlieD
official UK Stockists of tesoro underwater

machines - Sand Shark
4 Gothic Buildings, Victoria Road North, Southsea, Hants PO5 1PH
Detector Hire available
West Sussex
ArtefActS And coinS AlWAyS required

Have you got any 17th century silver thimbles,
Georgian or older jewellery, Napoleonic buttons?
Whole items or fragments.
Please 07850 037091 or 07803 011243
D eNEW
te
cnickS
& SECONDHAND
01243 545060
Opening times: Monday-Saturday 10am-5pm

Closed Sundays & Bank Holidays.
SPAIN/PORTUGAL
See our ad on page 39
3 Orchard Crescent, Arundel Road, Fontwell, Sussex BN18 0SD
MetaL Detection SpeciaLiSt

for Spain anD portugaL
HOBBY 1 INDUSTRIAL 1 SECURITY
www.eurodetection.com E-mail: info@eurodetection.com
Tel: 0034 91-388 67 82 fax: 91-7599996
STAFFORDSHIRE
Staffordshire Metal Detectors Ltd

FRIENDLY HELP AND ADVICE FOR BEGINNERS
PART EX-SWAPS-COILS-BOOKS
ALL USED MACHINES

ARE SOLD WITH MY OWN WARRANTY
IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR A DETECTOR
PLEASE PHONE AS STOCK CHANGES DAILY
FREE NEXT DAY DELIVERY
FOR LASTEST STOCK LIST PHONE KEVIN
01889 564045 MOBILE 07796 024042
Or visit my Web site - Updated daily
www.staffsmetaldetectors.co.uk
E MAIL blackburns@19-masefield.freeserve.co.uk
SubScribe
Today
only 40 for
12 issues
01376 521900 or see page 86
88
Used Metal Detectors
FCMD WOLFTRAX Superb with 10x5

elliptical coil ........................................399......... 17725
C.SCOPE CS1220XD Excellent
later black model with 8 polo coil .........189......... 17885
FISHER F5 Mint ................................339.......... DEMO
GARRETT ACE 150 Good ....................89........... 18000
LASER HAWKEYE Very good ...............300......... 17235
MINELAB SAFARI Near gint................649......... 17240
MINELAB SOVEREIGN GT Near mint ...529......... 17440
MINELAB SOVEREIGN ELITE Superb ...429......... 17920
MINELAB EXPLORER II Superb ...........429......... 17995
MINELAB E-TRAC Very good
fitted with brand new 11 Pro Coil ........860......... 17220
NOKTA VELOX 1 Demo, full warranty ..575.......... DEMO
NOKTA FORS CORE Demo
full warranty .......................................649.......... DEMO
TEKNETICS OMEGA 8000 Near mint
with 8 concentric & 11 DD coil ..........429......... 17860
TEKNETICS G2 Near Mint ..................429......... 16565
WHITES COINMASTER Ex demo .........119.......... DEMO
WHITES COINMASTER PRO
Near mint ...........................................139......... 17990
WHITES VX3 Mint ............................595......... 17650
WHITES CLASSIC ID Good bargain! ..149......... 16925
WILTSHIRE
Lots of used search heads in stock.

Coiltek Coils for Minelab in stock now.
Crawfords are now the Sole UK importer for
Detech Coils and Metal Detectors.
WILTSHIRE
METaL DETECTORS
Unless specified otherwise, all our used

detectors carry a minimum 90-day warranty.
Used stock changes daily.
Visit www.crawfordsmd.com
or call us on 01724 845608
Good quality second hand metal detectors

bought and sold. A wide range of search
coils and accessories also available.
Please contact Paul:- (01672) 564839 or 07733 345537
or visit my website www.wiltshiredetectors.co.uk
URGENTLY WANTED ALL DETECTORS AND

ACCESSORIES FOR EXCHANGE OR CASH
ALWAYS LOADS OF SECONDHAND
AND EX DEMO DETECTORS IN STOCK
LOADS OF SECONDHAND COILS IN STOCK!
crawfords
Detector Distribution
DETECTOR BARGAINS
REF
1047 Minelab CTX 3030, ex demo, 5 yr warranty ...... 1599
DETEcTORS
1048 Minelab Safari, ex demo, 5 yr warranty ...............699
REGTON Ltd
TekneTics 11 2D Coil...............................70.00
GarreTT Euro Ace................................. 230.00
GarreTT GTI 1500................................. 280.00
Tesoro Tejon........................................... 450.00
Tesoro Lobo........................................... 390.00
XP DEUS..................................................890.00
XP 5x10 coil for XP low freq. detectors... 120.00
XP WS2 wireless headphones..................90.00
WhiTes Spectra V3i.................................800.00
nel Hunter for Gold Bug .......................... 80.00
nel Tornado for X-Terra 18khz...................140.00
nel Big for Gold Bug .............................140.00
Please note, we do not buy used detectors
but part exchange is always welcome. Used
detectors come with at least a 3 month warranty.
The used list changes daily, phone or email for
latest details.
WWW.reGTon.com
Tel. 0121 359 2379
Email. sales@regton.com
www.treasurehunting.co.uk February
2015
december14.indd
1
13/11/2014 13:06:28
1782 Minelab X-Terra 305, very good condition ..........225

1784 Minelab X-Terra 505, mint, 3 yr warranty ............399
1797 Whites DFX with extra 10x14 coil, fair
condition ..................................................................350
1790 Fisher F5 with
Pro Hunter Headphones, ex dem.........................330
1789 Teknetics Delta 4000, good condition................... 149
1781
C.Scope 1220B, good condition ............................ 100
1051 XP Deus, very good condition ...............................850
ACCESSORY BARGAINS
REF
1007 Bounty Hunter 8 Tracker IV Coil, mint ..................... 79
1008 Detech 10x14 DD Excelerator Coil FBS ................... 89
1012 BRAND NEW 15x12 SEF Coil for Whites Prizm ......125
1025 Detech 12.5 Excelerator Coil for E-Trac/
Explorer/Safari ........................................................... 69
1046 Fisher 11x7 F2 Coil .................................................... 89
1052 Fisher X-Series 11 Coil............................................... 69
buy your detector on-line at
http://www.joanallen.co.uk
E-mail: sales@joanallen.co.uk
190 Main Road, Biggin Hill, Kent TN16 3BB
Tel: 01959 571255/574234 Fax: 01959 576014
Small Ads
RePAIRs & detectoRs
wAnted
Metal Detector Repairs

Pentechnic
ROmAN ANImAL & ANgLOSAxON BROOChES
Authorised repair centre for Laser, Tesoro, Garrett,

Fisher, Bounty Hunter
Dealer in British Hammered Coins

Will buy single items to full collections
Fair prices paid and discretion assured
Website: www.HallsHammeredCoins.com
Email: Simon@HallsHammeredCoins.com
Mobile: Simon 07830 019584
ALL TYPES
WANTED
COLLECTOR PAYS
TOP PRICES
1 Grange Cottages, Penkridge, Staffs ST19 5NH

email: pentechnic@btinternet.com
or visit our website
http://www.pentechnic.co.uk
Tel: Mark 07809 069 851 anytime

or 0207 652 0923 evenings
Tel: 01785 714373
email: animalbrooches@hotmail.co.uk
CasH for all anCienT and

englisH HammereD Coins,
sPanisH CoBs and arTefaCTs
Midland
detector centre
all other detecting finds considered.

Will travel for good items or collections.
Now Mike Longfield Detectors
Call Ben O7788 253345 any time

or email benjamin.prince2@gmail.com
Huge list of
used detectors
Tel: 01676 533274

mikelongfield@hotmail.com
Please mention you saw their ad in

Treasure Hunting
Books
Benets
Artefacts
NE
20
THIRD EDITION
14
Ed
iti
on
The long awaited third edition of Benets is finally here. With an extra 250+ pages
and 1,000 additional images together with all prices fully updated.
This superb artefact identifier and price guide ranges from the Stone Age through to the Tudor period
Benets is the must have guide for identification & valuations. The prices quoted are based upon
first hand knowledge and experience of the antiquities market as well as recent actual sale prices. Still in
hardback but now containing over 860 pages, with over 3,000 beautifully photographed artefacts, this A5
book is produced in fantastic full colour throughout.
Benets III 3,000 images A5 Hardback 864 pages ONLY 30.00 UK Post Free!
MEDIEVAL RINGS
60
639
BRONZE SPEARS
B03-0307
Looped and
Socketted
Spearhead
101mm
864
pages
Contents include: Stone Age, Bronze Age,

Celtic & Iron Age, Roman, Anglo-Saxon,
Viking, Norman, Medieval, Tudor and Post
Tudor with artefacts covering Axe Heads,
Spears, Swords, Daggers, Brooches, Pendants,
Rings, Jewellery, Buckles, Horse Fittings,
Pommels, Thimbles, Seals and many more.
ORDER FORM Send to: Greenlight Publishing, 119 Newland Street,

Witham, Essex CM8 1WF
Please supply:
Payment enclosed:
Copies of Benets Artefacts Vol. 3 @ 30 UK post free.

Europe add 3.00 per book, rest of world add 5.00 airmail.
cheques should be made payable to Greenlight
Publishing. Overseas payments by credit card only
Card security number (last
3 digits on signature strip)
M10-0338
Ring
23mm
Thick diamondand
section midrib
conical socket.
200 - 300
With inset garnet

stone.
800 - 1,200
B03-0308
Spearhead
120mm
M10-0339
Gold Ring
20mm
With two narrow

loops.
200 - 300
With inset turquoise

stone.
400 - 600
M10-0340
Gold Ring
26mm
With inset cabochon

ruby.
From 1,200
All pri
ces
full
updaty
ed
B03-0309
Spearhead
200mm
With prominent
midrib and flanking
raised panels.
200 - 300
Send to: NAME ................................................................................
ADDRESS ...........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.............................................. POSTCODE ..........................................
Tel (in case of query) .........................................................................
Expiry Date ......................... Maestro card issue No .............................
TH
email .................................................................................................
Sign .....................................................................................................
( cRedIt cARd oRdeRs 01376 521900
Mon-Fri 9am-5pm
89
Small Ads
WANTED
for SAlE
Wanted. SPANISH COINS
Especially COBS in Gold and Silver.

Shipwreck coins, any metal.
All foreign and English hammered gold.
Nautical artifacts, navigational dividers, ring dials,
toy/model cannons, any small artifacts.
BTC, (Dick Downes.),
P.O. Box 8, Newport, Isle of Wight, PO30 5JW
Tel: 01983 740712 Fax: 01983 740800
Est. 30 years
Coins & Antiquities from Prehistoric to

Post-Medieval bi-monthly mail order catalogues
this months feature:
1st. cent. a.d. roman brooch in the form
of a 2-headed sea-monster enamel
cells & torc around his neck found
mud flats, river trent, nr. newark, notts
extremely rare excellent cond.
complete with pin 195 35mm
BINDERS
1 Green leatherette with
gold-blocked title on spine
1 Keeps your magazines in
good condition
1 Looks good on your bookshelf
Get our latest catalogue or see us at the Antiques Fair

Bournemouth Pavillion Sat 14th/Sun 15th February
ANCIENT & GOTHIC P.O, Box 5390, Bournemouth BH7 6XR
Tel. 01202 431721 Estab. 1977
7.95 inc p&p
Tel: 01376 521900
To advertise in these pages call 01376 521900
WANTED
JOHN PHILPOTTS
Coins & artefacts bought at fair prices

Confidentiality assured. Friendly, Discreet & Professional Service
Single items to whole collections.

Anything considered.
Im a detectorist myself and know how hard it is to find decent things.
Why settle for any less than a good price when you wish to sell?
Phone: 07793 676309

Email: John@philpotts1.plus.com
Post: PO Box 281, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 9ET
BooKS
How To Improve
Your Techniques &
Finds Rate
UK
FR POS
EE T
Written by Norfolk Wolf, topics covered

are: Understanding Your Detector
Mineralisation & Ground Effect
Discrimination & the Conductivity of Metals
The Functions of Sensitivity & All Metal
Coils: Where & When to Use Them Depth
Recovery & Response Speed Sweep, Stem &
Pace Lengths Meters, Audio & Headphones
Mindset, Experience, Confidence, &
Concentration The Best & Worse Times
to Detect Signals Time Out But Not to
Smell the Flowers Starting from Scratch
on a New Field Identification of Pottery
Bits & Pieces 250mm x 190mm, 108 pages,
16.50 ISBN 1 897738 250
01376 521900 www.greenlightpublishing.co.uk
90
K
This is the definitive referFR POS
ence work on English Groats,
EE T
written by Ivan Buck, covering
the groat from its introduction in
the reign of Edward I (1272-1307) right
up to the end of the Tudors in the early 17th
century.
Essential reading this work helps to identify
the various types of groat and the major
varieties. There are over 400 colour illustrations
in the text and a number of scarce and rare coins
are illustrated for the first time anywhere.
In many cases the information provided can be
applied to the parallel series of half groats. This
A4 soft back book runs to 68 pages in full colour.
A4, 68 pages, 16.50 ISBN 1 8977 38 420
01376 521900 www.greenlightpublishing.co.uk
Assured Performance, Quality, and Dependability.

Renowned Back-up and Customer Care.
UK design and manufacture.
No hype, no gimmicks.
Just good honest detecting.
6MXi
SIMPLY
EFFICIENT
IMPROVE YOUR
FINDS RATE
The C.SCOPE 6MXi is a top end professional choice detector
at an affordable price. The lightning quick response speed
and advanced performance will improve your finds rate.
- Professional 2D Search Head.
- 3 TONE Audio Identification.
- Lightning fast Response Speed.
- Advanced Performance.
- Interchangeable Search Head options.
For more information and to download our
brochure find us at www.cscopemetaldetectors.com
Passionate About Metal Detecting

telephone 01233 629181 | email info@cscope.co.uk | www.cscopemetaldetectors.com
address C.SCOPE International Ltd, Kingsnorth Technology Park, Wotton Road, Ashford, Kent TN23 6LN
Metal
Detectors
NEW
VK10+
Deep Seeking Concentric Search Coil

Microprocessor Controlled Discrimination
Pinpoint Mode
159.00
Adjustable Ground Balance
VK20
VK30
165.00
205.00
VIKING 1
85.00
VIKING 5
95.00
VK40
240.00
VK10
VIKING 6
104.00
135.00
CheCK our websIte for speCIal offers!

www.metaldetectors.co.uk
Viking Metal Detectors Ltd. 1 Angela Street, Mill Hill, Blackburn, Lancashire BB2 4DJ
T: 01254 55887 E: viking@metaldetectors.co.uk W: www.metaldetectors.co.uk

Treasure Hunting Magazine Feb 2015 (Kat) - Superunitedkingdom

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Safari Success Story...

Powered by Minelabs FBS multiple frequency technology, Safari combines

To read more success stories from around the world visit

www.minelab.com or call: 0800 0564246

E-Trac Success Story...

Telephone: 01724 845608 | Fax: 01724 278885 | email: sales@crawfordsmd.co.uk

Minelab Main DealeR

all Minelab Detectors coMe witH a

advanced Top oF The

sTd pack includes rechargeable baTTery

includes FacTory pack

minelab carry bag,

tOp qUality Digging tOOlS

Call FOR DetailS

evO 360 SCOOp

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(up to 8pm and sundays 10am-5pm). call us on 077 994 12391

noKta Main dealer

iF you are serious about your

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trade enQuiries WelcoMe

including headPhones, coil

For many years TimeLine Auctions have been introducing

Genuine ancient coins, collectibles & works of art...

TimeLine Originals is pleased to oer for sale many ne coins

News & Views

Design & Layout

Good Luck or Fate? Gary Lewis

One Step Away The Windmill

Moot Points David Villanueva

Jakes Foreign Jottings Jake Davison

Foreshore Market Hot-Spots

A Roman Coin Hoard Revisited Gary Smith

From Persecution to Freedom of Belief

Club and Rally Round-Up

Field Test Nokta Fors Core Toddy Irvine

Spotlight on PAS Finds Lucy Ellis

Build Your Own Long-Handled

Mags For Sale

Rays Roman Collection (Part 2)

Far & Wide John Paton

For an annual subscription

www.treasurehunting.co.uk February 2015

Obituary Paul Spencer

to quality products and superior

I am sad to report the loss of

known of them all, and Paul

UK DETECTOR NET is the

Essex Numismatic Society

of which had little to do with

February 2015 www.treasurehunting.co.uk

Paul Spencer A Sad Loss

cuitry presumably caught

Contact Details Please

With 9 coil, remote control & WS4 backphones

With 9 coil, remote control and WS5 full cup

With 9 coil and WS4 backphones 769 649

With 9coil and WS5 full cup headphones 827 699