and See usage of harf e jarr

-

Lesson 2: Demonstratives. :
***

This [masc. sing.].

This [fem. sing.].

This is a camel
[nominative indefinite
ending "un"].

This is a tree.

This camel [nominative

definite ending "u"].

This tree.
This camel is beautiful.

This tree is tall.

This is the beautiful

camel.

This is the tall tree.

Lesson 1: The nominal sentence.

A car [feminine noun, here also

with nominative indefinite
ending "un"].
A big house [adjective ending
matches noun ending - here =
the nominative "un"].
A small house [as above].
A big car [fem. noun has fem.
adjective, often, as here, made
by adding to masc.
adjective].
A small car [as above].
A red house [ ends in "u"
not "un". A few words
(diptotes) never take "un"].

These camels [plural nonhuman nouns treated as

feminine singular].

A red car [the fem. form of red

is not made with . It is also a
diptote].

These trees.

The house [with the nominative

definite ending "u"].

That [masc. sing.].

That [fem. sing.].

That mountain.

That castle.

These [masc. and fem pl.].

These men.

These women.

Those [masc. and fem.

pl.].

The house [fem. noun - you

can't always tell which words
are masculine or feminine].
The car.

Those women.

Those people.

Casablanca [=the white house

(feminine noun/adjective)].

The red pen.

The red car.

The White House [definite noun

has definite adjective].

Those men.

The house is beautiful

[adjective matches gender and
case of noun, but no article].

These two boys [nom.].

The car is beautiful [as above].

These two girls [nom.].

Those two ministers

[nom.].
Those two female
teachers [nom.].

Is the house small? [question

formed by placing interrogative
particle at start of
sentence].

No, the house is big.

The Thousand and One Nights: The

Tale of the Merchant and the Ifreet.
Shahrazad said:

:
:

It came to me, O auspicious/happy

King, that there was once a
merchant of the merchants, [who was]
many of riches and business
dealings in [all] the lands,

and one day he mounted [his

horse] and went out to claim back [his
dues] in some of the lands.

The heat became harsh/unbearable for

him, so he sat downunder a tree and
put his hand in his saddlebag and
ate a crusthe had with him and a [dry]
date,

and when he had finished eating the

date, he threw the stone.

All of a sudden, [there appeared]

before him an ifreet [=demon],tall of
frame and in his hand a sword!

He approached that merchant and

said to him: "Stand up, so I can kill
you, just as you killed my son!"

So the merchant said to him: "How did

I kill your son?"

He said to him: "When you ate the

date and threw its stone, the stone
struck [lit. came into] the breast of my
son, and did for him [lit. it was settled
for him] and he died instantly..."

:
...

Goods not designated for sale on sale in

Syrian markets
It is no longer considered wrong to
see types of goods on which there is the
logo/emblem of the High Commissioner for
Refugeesor the World Food Fund,
"or the phrase "not designated for sale,
on display at reduced prices on the sales
carts spread on the roads or in the
shops in Syrian regions,

without impediment or fear of interrogation

about the source ofthese materials,
or about the way in which they were
brought.

Containers of oil, bags of grain, pastries and

many other things,

which everyone knows reached Syria in the

form of humanitarian aid designated for the
displaced,

but they flew away by some miracle [lit. by

the power of God]and landed on the shelves
!of shops

Some shopkeepers display them just as they

came from their source, not taking notice of
anyone,

while others try to camouflage their

appearance to preventpeople from getting
to know their source.

, :
:

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