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Innovation Intelligence
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Sec. No.
Description
Slide No.
Introduction
A.5
AcuSolve Overview
A.9
AcuSolve Features
A.15
AcuConsole Overview
A.25
A.31
Acusim Programs
A.45
A.57
Solver Commands
A.89
A.117
10
A.135
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Sec. No.
Description
Slide No.
11
A.145
12
Post Processing
A.171
13
Program Options
A.183
14
A.191
15
A.209
16
Boundary Conditions
A.215
17
A.225
18
Solution Strategy
A.243
19
A.257
20
Restarting Simulations
A.293
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Sec. No.
Description
Slide No.
21
A.303
22
A.325
23
Turbulence Modeling
A.353
24
A.365
25
A.381
26
A.389
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Introduction
ACUSIM Software, Inc. acquired by Altair Engineering, Inc. January 2011
AcuSolve development mission:
Develop a fast, robust, and accurate finite element based Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) solver
Current AcuSolve customers in the United States, Canada, Mexico, India, Japan,
England, France, Germany, Brazil, Singapore, China
AcuConsole - The Pre-Processor for AcuSolve
Support
support@acusim.com
Phone (USA based, country code +1)
650-988-9700 - ext 2
A.6
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Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuSolve Overview
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuSolve Overview
A general-purpose incompressible and weakly compressible flow solver
Provides engineers and scientists with seamless integration into design and
analysis applications
A.10
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AcuSolve Overview
Flow solver
CAD Package
Third Party Mesh
Generator and/or
Input File Writer
Pre-Processor
AcuConsole
Analysis
AcuSolve
Acoustic
Analysis
CAA
Output
Direct Coupling
Fluid/Structure
Interaction
Translators /
Direct Readers
Structural
Solver
Third Party
Post-Processor
A.11
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuSolve Overview
Markets currently using AcuSolve:
Automotive
Electronic cooling
Chemical mixing
Home Appliances
Boat design
Train aerodynamics
Universities
National labs
Renewable Energy
Etc. . .
A.12
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AcuSolve Overview
Why choose AcuSolve?
AcuSolves differentiation via Finite Elements:
Robustness
Relatively insensitive to element topology and mesh quality
Superior performance on anisotropic tetrahedral meshes
Most problems solved on first attempt
Speed
Scalable parallel on shared and distributed memory parallel machines
Customers have solved 2,000,000 elements on a 2 GB memory Windows PC and over
400,000,000 on large Linux clusters
A.13
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AcuSolve Overview
AcuSolves differentiation via Finite Elements:
Accuracy
Highly accurate in space and time while globally and locally conservative
All variables, including turbulence properties are discretized to second order accuracy
AcuSolve has demonstrated up to fourth order accuracy on some specific cases (turbulent
channel flow)
Functionality
Rich set of features
A. 14
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AcuSolve Features
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuSolve Features
Conservation equation systems in 3D
Radiation
Solar radiation
Pseudo-compressibility
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AcuSolve Features
Turbulence Models
k-w model
Sliding mesh
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuSolve Features
Rotating Flows
Rotating/Sliding mesh
Component Technology
Fan component
Porous media
User-defined function
A.18
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AcuSolve Features
Full Set of Boundary Conditions
Dynamic BC activation
User-defined function
A.19
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AcuSolve Features
Highly Effective Solver Technology
Solution Strategy
A.20
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AcuSolve Features
Advanced finite element technology
Unstructured mesh:
4-node tetrahedron
5-node pyramid
6-node wedge
8-node brick
10-node tetrahedron
Particle Tracer
Laminar
Turbulent diffusion
Parallel computation
A.21
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AcuSolve Features
Supported Platforms
Platform
OS
LINUX
LINUX64
WIN
WIN64
A.22
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AcuSolve Features
All links below are password protected, so you need an account via
www.acusim.com - Client Login link at upper-right!!!
Software Distribution
http://www.acusim.com/webapps/document/release/
http://www.acusim.com/webapps/document/documentation/
Tutorials
AcuSolve
http://www.acusim.com/webapps/document/as_tutorials/
AcuConsole
http://www.acusim.com/webapps/document/ac_tutorials/
A.23
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AcuConsole Overview
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuConsole Overview
A GUI-based pre-processor for AcuSolve
Data tree
View Manager
Information Area
Panel Area
Geometry Reader
No Geometry clean-up
Mesh Generator
AcuSolve launcher
AcuSolve process monitor
A.26
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AcuConsole Overview
Import ( water-tight models)
CAD: Parasolid, Pro-E, ACIS, Discrete (STL, Surf Mesh, etc.), Catia reader
Third party formats: Fluent .cas/.msh file, Patran Neutral file, etc.
Mesh Generation
AcuSolve
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
AcuConsole Overview
AcuMeshSim
AcuSolve
AcuPrep
AcuView
AcuProbe
AcuConsole
AcuImport
PYTHON INTERFACE
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AcuConsole Overview
AcuMeshSim, AcuSolve and other executables can be run on a different machine /
OS from that running AcuConsole.
Python interface simplifies AcuConsole customization.
A.29
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AcuConsole Demo
Pipe Flow
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Given
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A.33
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Global
Mesh/geometry
independent
Model
Mesh/geometry
dependent
A.34
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A.35
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A.36
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Choose a file to open dialog opens. Change the Files of Type to Acis File or Parasolid
File.
Navigate to the directory in which the CAD model is present and select pipe.sat or
A.37
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A.38
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A.39
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A.40
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Water
Inflow
Outflow
Outflow
Wall
Wall
A.41
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Launch AcuSolve On
Click Ok
A.42
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Tools AcuProbe
A.43
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Tools AcuFieldView
A.44
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Acusim Programs
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Acusim Programs
Simulation process consists of running multiple programs:
A.46
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Acusim Programs
AcuConsole
Data tree
Panels
Area
Visualization
Area
Information
Area
CPU Usage
Monitor
A.47
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Acusim Programs
acuMakeLib/acuMakeDll
Example:
To compile user functions that are in a file named usrFunction.c, execute the following
command:
Linux/Unix: acuMakeLib -src usrFunction.c
Windows: acuMakeDll -src usrFunction.c
A.48
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Acusim Programs
acuRun
acuRun has various different functions that will be executed depending on the type of physics
being solved:
prep: prepare the input data for acuSolve
prep,solve: prepare the input data for acuSolve, then launch the solver
all: run all necessary modules for the simulation (prep, view, solve)
A.49
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Acusim Programs
acuRun
To execute from within acuConsole, point to the icon in the Tools menu or on the main
toolbar:
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Acusim Programs
acuRun
We could also accomplish the same results by executing each command in
succession without using acuRun:
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Acusim Programs
acuSig
A.52
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Acusim Programs
acuTrans / acuOut
To execute from within acuConsole, point to the icon in the Tools menu or
on the main toolbar:
A.53
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Acusim Programs
Additional acuTrans Examples
A.54
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Acusim Programs
There are many more utility programs
A.55
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Workshop 1
Conjugate Heat Transfer
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File New
File Import
Ok to import
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A.59
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Double-click Steel
A.60
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A.61
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For the water volume, set Medium to Fluid and Element Set Material Model to
Water
For the steel volume, set Element Set Medium to Solid and Element Set Material
Model to Steel
Minimize Volumes
Set display of Volumes off and Surfaces on
A.62
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The surfaces between the two volumes are separated into two different groups
A.63
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Select the circular surface at the minimum X end and hit Done
A.64
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Rename outer_pipe to Solid_Ends - the two end surfaces of the solid pipe volume - set
Display to off
A.65
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In the Surface Manager, rename inner_pipe_int to Fluid_int - the surface between solid
and fluid, but attached to the fluid volume
Rename outer_pipe_int to Solid_int - the matching surface, but attached to the solid
volume
A.66
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Expand Solid_Outer
A.67
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Attributes
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Click Ok
representation.
A.69
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~12000 Nodes
A.70
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Right-click Surfaces
Boundary Layers
A.71
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Set Clip to on
A.72
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Hold the Ctrl key and use the mouse to maneuver the geometry without changing the
cut plane
A.73
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A.74
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Tools AcuSolve
A.75
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A.76
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A.77
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AcuFieldView offers the interactive review of transient data with sweep caching, along
with CFD data management capabilities
It can handle steady and unsteady data of any size with high speed, enabling engineers to
interrogate and visualize complex flow simulations within AcuSolve
A.78
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Visualization
Panel options
Visualization area
A.79
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In the Launch AcuFieldView dialog make sure path to the log file(conj_pipe.1.Log) is
provided.
A.80
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A.82
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Under Scalar Function, click on Select. In the Function Selection panel select
pressure and click Calculate. The boundary surface is colored by pressure.
A.83
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A.84
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Under Scalar Function, click on Select. In the Function Selection panel select
pressure and click Calculate. The Iso-Surface is colored by pressure.
A.85
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A.86
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Under Scalar Function, click on Select. In the Function Selection panel select
pressure and click Calculate. The coordinate plane is colored by pressure.
A.87
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For additional control over the vectors click on Options button next to Vectors. Vector
Options panel pops up.
Play with the options like VECTOR HEAD, Vector Scale and TYPE etc.
A.88
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Solver Commands
Copyright 2012 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Solver Commands
All solver commands are read by acuPrep from an ASCII text file (input file)
We will discuss the format of the input file and show some examples of commands, but
the main focus of the training, as you have seen, is on generating the file using
AcuConsole
A.90
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Solver Commands
Commands have the following general syntax:
COMMAND ( qualifier ) {
parameter1
= value1
...
parameterN
= valueN
Commands are format free and case insensitive, except in double quoted strings.
All text after a hash mark, #, is a comment; except in double-quoted strings.
ANALYSIS {
mode = static # Run as static for now
}
A.91
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Solver Commands
There are two types of commands: Functional & Declarative
A.92
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Solver Commands
Some commands require a qualifier
Qualifiers distinguish one use of the command from another:
MATERIAL_MODEL( "air" ) {
density_model
viscosity_model
= "air"
}
MATERIAL_MODEL( "aluminum" ) {
density_model
= "aluminum"
conductivity_model
= "aluminum"
A.93
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Solver Commands
There are two types of qualifiers:
User-given name:
Any double-quoted string: air, my #1 BC.
Used to reference a command by another command
= 1.225
}
MATERIAL_MODEL( "air" ) {
density_model
viscosity_model
= "air"
Enumerated:
Select from a specific list of values:
NODAL_INITIAL_CONDITION( velocity ) {
default_values
= { 1, 0, 0 }
}
A.94
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Solver Commands
Commands have zero or more parameters
Most parameters have default values
Parameters are persistent; they change only if the command is reissued with that
parameter:
DENSITY_MODEL( "air with bouyancy" ) {
density
= 1.225
}
DENSITY_MODEL( "air with bouyancy" ) {
density
= 1.2
A.95
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Solver Commands
String is any user-given value enclosed in a pair of double-quotes.
SIMPLE_BOUNDARY_CONDITION( "inflow" ){
element_set
= "channel"
ELEMENT_SET( "channel" ) {
shape
= eight_node_brick
A.96
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Solver Commands
Boolean turns an option on or off.
Values on, yes and true are equivalent; so are off, no and false.
TIME_INCREMENT {
auto_time_increment
= on
output_frequency
= 10
= 0.3
A.97
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Solver Commands
List is a set of strings providing a list of user-specified commands:
= Read( "channel.crd" )
A.98
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Solver Commands
Arithmetic expressions may be used in integer, real and array parameters:
ASSIGN {
variable
= SHIFT
value
= Sin( PI/8 + Asin(.3) )
}
MULTIPLIER_FUNCTION( "shifted half sin" ) {
type
= cubic_spline
curve_fit_variable
= time
curve_fit_values
= { 0.0, SHIFT + Sin(0.0*PI) ;
0.1, SHIFT + Sin(0.1*PI) ;
1.0, SHIFT + Sin(1.0*PI) ; }
}
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Solver Commands
Values may be read from an environment variable:
SIMPLE_BOUNDARY_CONDITION( "inflow" ) {
x_velocity
= Env( "INLET_VELOCITY" )
}
= Read(Env("PROBLEM") . ".crd")
A.100
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Solver Commands
The solver commands are specified entirely through the Data
tree in AcuConsole:
Data tree
Each branch
houses different
commands
A.101
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Solver Commands
The commands are organized into the Global and Model branches
Global commands are mesh independent (problem name, physical models to use,
material models, etc.)
Model commands involve information about the mesh (boundary values for specific
faces, nodes, etc.)
A.102
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Solver Commands
Double clicking on a node in the tree shows the options for specific commands:
For example, double clicking on Problem Description brings up the following options
A.103
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Solver Commands
Common Global Commands
A.104
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Solver Commands
Common Global Commands
Multiplier Function
Multiplier Function is visible only when All or PB* is selected from Data tree Manager.
Right-click on Multiplier Function and select New. Multiplier Function 1 is generated.
Rename to Linear Ramp. Double click on Multiplier Function 1 to view the properties in
Panels Area.
Time varying scale factor that can be applied to boundary conditions, time step size, etc.
A.105
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Solver Commands
Equivalent input file commands:
Common Global Commands
Material Model
Specify material properties
Global Material Model Water
A.106
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Solver Commands
Common Global Commands
Body Force
Define momentum, species, and thermal body forces
Global Body Force Gravity
A.107
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Solver Commands
Common Global Commands
Nodal Output
Define the frequency at which to write nodal results to disk
Global Output Nodal Output
A.108
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Solver Commands
Common Global Commands
A.109
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Solver Commands
Overview of Modeling Commands
Each entry can be expanded to show the available sets and options for this type of entity:
A.110
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Solver Commands
Common Modeling Commands
Element Set
Define a group of volume elements and assign attributes
Model Volumes Name Element Set
A.111
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Solver Commands
Common Modeling Commands
A.112
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Solver Commands
Common Modeling Commands
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Solver Commands
Common Modeling Commands
A.114
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Solver Commands
Many more commands exist
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A.116
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Workshop 2 Blower
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Purposes of the Workshop
Run AcuSolve
A.118
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Create the database
File New
File Import
Ok to import
A.119
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Click PRB from the Data tree Manager
Expand the Global branch
Double-click Problem Description
A.120
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Workshop 2 - Blower
The analysis will first be done with a rotating
reference frame
Click PB* from the Data tree Manager
Right-click Reference Frame and select New
Right-click the created Reference Frame 1 and
select Rename
Double-click Impeller_RF
Select Open Array for Angular velocity
Click OK
A.121
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Build a coarse mesh to shorten the workshop solution time
Click MSH from the Data tree Manager
Double-click Global Mesh Attributes
A.122
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Expand Model and Volumes branches
A.123
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Expand Surfaces
Right-click Surfaces and select Surface Manager
A.124
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Workshop 2 - Blower
The remaining surfaces in blower_main are the outer walls of the blower
Rename blower_main to Walls and turn off its display
The surfaces in blower_imp_int and blower_main_int are between the two volumes. In
this case they can be in the same group.
Rename blower_main_int to Interface and turn off its display
Select Add to for Interface, select the 3 surfaces of the disk (currently in
blower_imp_int) and middle-click
Click on blower_imp_int (now empty) and hit Delete
Set Simple BC Active for Interface to off
A.125
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Expand Interface
Expand Walls
A.126
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Click BC from the Data tree Manager
Expand Inlet
A.127
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Expand Impeller
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Select Tools Generate Mesh
Items to check
A.129
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Right-click Surfaces, select Display On
Right-click Surfaces, select Display type, and solid & wire to see surface
mesh
Turn on/off display of various surfaces
A.130
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Workshop 2 - Blower
View a mesh cut plane
Close
A.131
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Workshop 2 - Blower
The model is ready to solve
Tools AcuSolve
Verify:
Problem name
Problem and Working directories
Generate AcuSolve input files and Launch
AcuSolve set to On
A.132
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Workshop 2 - Blower
The .Log file shows residual and solution ratios
for each equation
AcuSolve controller
A.133
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Workshop 2 - Blower
Tools -> AcuProbe to track pressures
Expand Inlet
Right-click pressure and hit Plot
Expand Outlet
Right-click pressure and hit Plot
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TIME_SEQUENCE
TIME_INCREMENT
TIME_INTEGRATION
LINEAR_SOLVER_PARAMETERS
CONVERGENCE_CHECK_PARAMETERS
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Called Impeller_RF
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Predefined in AcuConsole
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Activated by default in AcuConsole (can be turned off by default in the preferences if you
like)
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COORDINATE command
RUN command
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Workshop 3 Blower 2
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Purposes of the Workshop
Run AcuSolve
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Open existing database
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Click PRB from the Data tree Manager
Expand the Global branch
Double-click Problem Description
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Click ALE from the Data tree Manager to
define the mesh motion
Right-click Mesh Motion and select New
Right-click Mesh Motion 1 and Rename
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Click OUT from the Data tree Manager
Expand Output
Double-click Nodal Output
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Click PRB from the Data tree Manager
Expand Model and Volumes
Expand Fluid_Impeller and double-click
Element Set
Minimize Volumes
Fluid_Main remains as in Workshop 2
Click BC from the Data tree Manager
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Click ALE from the Data tree Manager
Expand Interface
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Tools -> AcuSolve
Verify:
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Project Workshop 2 solution to Workshop 3 mesh to use as initial conditions
Open AcuSolve Command Prompt and use cd to change to Workshop 2 directory
Return to AcuConsole GUI for Workshop 3 with BAS selected in tree manager
Set Files of type to All files (*.*) and browse to Workshop2 directory
Repeat for Velocity (use blower1.vel.nic) and Eddy viscosity (use blower1.eddy.nic)
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
The model is ready to solve
Tools -> AcuSolve
Verify:
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Advanced Boundary Conditions
Rather than define the mass flow at the inlet, let
AcuSolve calculate the mass flow and pressure rise
based on the impeller rotation
Click BC from the Data tree Manager
Expand Inlet
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Tools -> AcuProbe to plot time history point
Expand node 1
Right-click x-velocity and select Plot
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Tools -> AcuFieldView
Launch AcuFieldView dialog opens. Click Ok to launch AcuFieldView with model loaded.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Reading data to AcuFieldView
Launch AcuFieldView
Read Data : Open File Data Input AcuSolve[Direct Reader]. The
AcuFieldView direct reader will open. Replace mode is set by default for
replacing current dataset. The Append mode will append the dataset, and is
used for comparing the results. Read Grids & Result Data option is default and
will read complete mesh and results. Read Boundary Data Only option can be
used to read surface data only.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Select the Replace mode and Read Grids & Result Data option. This will open the file
browser window. Select blower2.1.Log from problem directory.
Choose the functions needed or Select All (default) from Function Subset Selection
dialog box and select OK. Choose the time step from the Time Step Selection dialog box,
and select OK.
Change the background and remove the outline of the model. Select View Background
Color, and choose white from the Background Color dialog box. Select View Outline
to turn off the outline of the model.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Boundary Surfaces Surface mesh Visualization
Go to Visualization Panels Boundary Surface. This will
open Boundary Surface dialog box.
Select Create to create new boundary surface. Select
SBC: Impeller from BOUNDARY TYPES, and click OK.
Change DISPLAY TYPE to Mesh. Choose Geometric for
COLORING, and change the Geometric Color to Black.
Select Thin for Line Type.
Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for remaining SBC surfaces,
SBC: Walls, SBC: Inlet and SBC: Outlet.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Boundary Surfaces Color by Pressure
Select Boundary Surface 1, click on the
surface or change Surface ID to 1 in
Boundary Surface dialog box.
Change DISPLAY TYPE to Smooth.
Choose Scalar for COLORING.
Select pressure from the Scalar Function
dialog box.
Select other boundary surfaces and
perform steps 2 and 3. Change the
Transparency of Boundary Surface 2 to
37.5 %.
Change Colormap to NASA-1 for all
boundary surfaces and select Show
legend for Boundary Surface 4.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Coordinate Surface Colored by velocity
Turn off visibility for all boundary surfaces.
From menu bar, select View Defined Views, and select +Z
for VIEWING DIRECTION.
Click Coord icon from Tool bar on left side. Select Create to
create new Coordinate Surface.
Change DISPLAY TYPE to Smooth, COLORING to Scalar,
and select velocity_magnitude for Scalar Function.
Change COORD PLANE to Z and current to 0.015625.
Change Colormap to NASA-1, select Local and click on
Show legend
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Animation to visualize transient data.
Go to Tools Flipbook Build Mode. Click OK to close the
warning window
Go to Tools Transient Data. Move the slider back to 0 and click
Apply in Transient Data Controls panel.
Select Build to build the animation with all available time steps.
The Flipbook Controls are available after the build is complete.
Change the Frame Rate to 0.10.
Pause the animation and click Save to save the animation.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Streamlines
Turn off Visibility for the Coordinate surface.
Turn on Visibility and change Scalar Function to
velocity_magnitude for all Boundary Surfaces.
For Boundary Surface 2,
change COLORING to Geometric,
select Grey color from Geometry color panel
Change Transparency to 87.5%.
Turn off Visibility.
Turn off legend for Boundary surface 4.
Go to Visualization Panels Streamlines.
Select Create, change Mode to Seed a Surface
Increase Seeds to Add to 100.
Click CTRL-M1 to select Boundary Surface 1
(Impeller) and click OK,
Unselect Show Seeds.
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Streamlines (Continued)
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Streaklines
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Particle Paths
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Workshop 3 - Blower2
Animate streak lines to visualize the Emission Time
Go to Tools Transient Data. Move the slider back to 0 and click Apply in
Transient Data Controls panel.
The Flipbook Controls are available after the build is complete. Change the
Frame Rate to 0.10.
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Post Processing
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Post Processing
AcuSolve generates four types of output data
Time Series, such as integrated mass flux at inlet as a function of time/time step or the
solution at a specific location
Surface Nodes, such as heat flux at each node of a wall surface at a certain time step
acuTrans (or acuOut for a GUI) may be used to translate from internal format to
the desired format
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Post Processing
All internal files are stored in ACUSIM.DIR directory
The Windows end-of-line carriage return (Ctrl-M) character is properly handled on all
platforms
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Post Processing
Many Options for Processing AcuSolve Results
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Post Processing
Translating data using AcuTrans
Export data to tables, visualization packages, compute statistics, etc
Refer to the Programs Reference Manual
Examples (command line):
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Post Processing
Translating data using AcuOut
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Post Processing
Particle tracing using AcuTrace
Also able to perform interpolation of the results to specific points without doing any
tracing
Examples:
Trace the trajectory of particles whose coordinates are defined in the file
seed_coordinates.dat
acuTrace -seed seed_coordinates.dat -to table
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Post Processing
Visualization within AcuFieldView
Launch AcuFieldView from AcuConsole and automatically read results from solution
database (no additional files written):
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Post Processing
Visualization within ParaView
Launch ParaView from AcuConsole and automatically read results from solution database
(no additional files written):
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Post Processing
Visualization within EnSight
Launch EnSight from AcuConsole and automatically read results from solution database
(no additional files written):
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Post Processing
Plotting with AcuProbe
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Program Options
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Program Options
Each program requires zero or more options
Options may be given on the command line:
acuRun -pb channel -np 2
num_processors= 2
Command line options take precedence over configuration files and defaults.
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Program Options
Each option has a (long) descriptive and a (short) abbreviated name:
pb= channel
problem= channel
Short names are typically used for command line option and long names for the
configuration file.
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Program Options
Environment variable ACUSIM_CNF_FILES is used to specify multiple configuration
files.
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Program Options
To get a list of options and values, issue the command with -h:
acuRun h
acuRun [options]
acuRun: Options:
acuRun:
-h
acuRun:
acuRun:
acuRun:
acuRun:
acuRun:
verbose level
verbose= 1 [default]
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Program Options
Options may be:
String
Boolean
acuRun -echo
acuRun -no_echo
echo_input=TRUE
echo_input=FALSE
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Program Options
Integer
acuRun -np 2
num_processors= 2
Real
SGI64.host_lists= eagle,hawk,falcon
acuSurf.verbose= 2
SGI64.acuSurf.verbose= 3
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Workshop 4
Compressible Nozzle
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Use Ideal Gas density relation and discuss absolute temperature and pressure offset
Run AcuSolve
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When using Ideal Gas relation to model density, we need to know the absolute
temperature and pressure of the gas
Two options for specifying temperature values
Work in absolute units (Kelvin, or Rankine)
Work in Fahrenheit or Celsius, then have AcuSolve add a constant internally to convert to
absolute units (absolute temperature offset)
Pressure may be specified as relative or absolute
When relative pressures are specified at boundaries, then absolute pressure offset should
be used to enable AcuSolve to compute the absolute pressure.
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File New
File Import
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Right-click on Surfaces
Select Display type
Select solid & wire
Right-click on Volumes
Select Display type
Select wireframe
Select Display on
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Zoom in/out
Rotate model
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Double-click Air
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default inlet
Surface 1 upstream walls
Surface 2 contraction walls
Surface 3 downstream walls
Surface 4 outlet
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Select the Add to button in the row of the surface set that you want to operate on
downstream walls
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Mach =
Number
u
RT
M
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ELEMENT_BOUNDARY_CONDITION
FAN_COMPONENT
FREE_SURFACE
GUIDE_SURFACE
HEAT_EXCHANGER_COMPONENT
INTERFACE_SURFACE
PARTICLE_SURFACE
RADIATION_SURFACE
SIMPLE_BOUNDARY_CONDITION
SOLAR_RADIATION_SURFACE
SURFACE_INTEGRATED_CONDITION
SURFACE_OUTPUT
TURBULENCE_WALL
EXTERNAL_CODE_SURFACE
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1 85 102 86
2 85 102 90
3 102 90 89
4 85 101 102
Program acuSurf may be used to extract and/or convert into this format
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The parent surfaces for the first and second node for each pair must be consistent
throughout
Each node from the first column of nodes must be from one surface
Each node from the second column of nodes must be from the other surface
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Boundary Conditions
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Boundary Conditions
AcuSolve supports three different types of boundary conditions
Using Finite Element terminology, Nodal and Element boundary conditions can
also be referred to by the names in the following table:
Nodal BC
Element BC
Dirichlet
Neumann
Strong
Weak
Essential
Natural
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Boundary Conditions
Nodal Boundary Conditions
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Boundary Conditions
Element Boundary Conditions
Element boundary conditions are used to fix the flux of a variable on a surface
Nodal values adjust naturally to satisfy these conditions across the surface face
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Boundary Conditions
Periodic Boundary Conditions
Typically used to model infinite domains with a finite model (i.e. fully developed
pipe flow)
Can also be used to model axisymmetry
Equivalent input file command
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Boundary Conditions
Simple Boundary Conditions
Knowing what type of condition (nodal BC, element BC) to specify at different types of
boundaries can be challenging
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Boundary Conditions
Simple Boundary Conditions (contd)
The simple boundary condition command actually applies a mixture of nodal and element
boundary conditions based on which type of condition is specified.
For example, consider the outflow boundary condition that was prescribed on the
previous slide
Behind the scenes, a number of element boundary conditions were generated
Pressure set to 0.0 via Element B.C.
Mass flux set to a special case of free via Element B.C.
Tangential traction set to free via Element B.C.
Turbulence flux set to free via Element B.C.
Heat flux set to free via Element B.C.
Species flux set to free via Element B.C.
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Boundary Conditions
Simple Boundary Conditions (contd)
Consider another example that sets a surface to an inflow via simple boundary
condition
The following element boundary conditions are created
Mass flux set to a special case of free
Tangential traction set to free
Pressure set to free
The following nodal boundary conditions are created
x,y,z components of velocity are set
Eddy viscosity is set
Temperature is set
Species values are set
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Boundary Conditions
Precedence
Nodal boundary conditions may also be favored over another by setting the precedence
parameter to a higher value
Nodal BC
Element BC
Specified
Specified
Specified
Not specified
Not specified
Specified
Not specified
Not specified
Consequence
Nodal BC is satisfied; Element BC is ignored
Nodal BC is satisfied
Element BC is satisfied
Element BC with zero/free value is assumed and satisfied
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Boundary Conditions
Summary
Combinations of Nodal, Element and Periodic boundary conditions can be used to model
extremely complex scenarios.
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Workshop 5
Rigid Body Motion
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Run AcuSolve
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File Open
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Flow is On
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5
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Expand BOTTOM
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Expand OUTFLOW
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SYMM2
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Solution Strategy
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Solution Strategy
AcuSolve provides users with complete control over the solution process
Well look at this command in detail, then talk about how it works in AcuConsole
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Solution Strategy
Simplest way to set a strategy is via AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY
ANALYSIS {
type
}
EQUATION {
flow
temperature
radiation
turbulence
}
AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY {
max_time_steps
initial_time_increment
}
= transient
=
=
=
=
navier_stokes
advective_diffusive
enclosure
spalart_allmaras
= 100
= 1
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Solution Strategy
The <problem>.ss.inc file includes several commands:
TIME_SEQUENCE
TIME_INCREMENT
TIME_INTEGRATION
LINEAR_SOLVER_PARAMETERS
CONVERGENCE_CHECK_PARAMETERS
ALGEBRAIC_MULTIGRID_PARAMETERS
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Solution Strategy
TIME_SEQUENCE
TIME_SEQUENCE {
min_time_steps
max_time_steps
final_time
convergence_tolerance
termination_delay
lhs_update_initial_times
lhs_update_frequency
min_stagger_iterations
max_stagger_iterations
stagger_convergence_tolerance
stagger_lhs_update_frequency
staggers
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
100
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
0.001
1
{ "flow",
"turbulence }
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Solution Strategy
TIME_INCREMENT
TIME_INCREMENT {
initial_time_increment
auto_time_increment
local_time_increment
min_time_increment
max_time_increment
cfl_control
cfl_number
initial_cfl_number
min_cfl_number
time_increment_decrease_factor
time_increment_increase_factor
time_increment_increase_delay
min_time_increment_ratio
multiplier_function
}
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
off
off
0
0
off
1000
1
0
0.25
1.25
4
0.1
"none"
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Solution Strategy
Although AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY is sufficient for most problems, you can
create custom strategies using many techniques
For example, the parameters AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY generates may be
overwritten by other commands:
AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY {
max_time_steps
initial_time_increment
min_stagger_iterations
max_stagger_iterations
}
TIME_SEQUENCE {
min_stagger_iterations
max_stagger_iterations
}
=
=
=
=
100
1
2
2
= 1
= 4
The above settings would allow 1-4 iterations at each time step before proceeding to the
next time step.
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Solution Strategy
Example: Steady-state problem
ANALYSIS {
type
}
AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY {
max_time_steps
initial_time_increment
convergence_tolerance
num_krylov_vectors
relaxation_factor
flow
}
= steady
=
=
=
=
=
=
100
1.e+10
1.e-3
10
0
on
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Solution Strategy
Example: Transient problem
ANALYSIS {
type
}
AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY {
max_time_steps
initial_time_increment
final_time
auto_time_increment
min_time_increment
max_time_increment
convergence_tolerance
min_stagger_iterations
max_stagger_iterations
num_krylov_vectors
temperature_flow
relaxation_factor
}
= transient
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
100
1
0
off
0
0
1.e-3
2
2
10
off
0
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Solution Strategy
Time stepping process
Loop over time steps
Predict all active solution fields
Loop over staggers
Stagger 1:
Loop over nonlinear iterations
Form stagger residual and if needed LHS matrix
Solve linear equation system
Update stagger solution field(s)
Check nonlinear convergence
End nonlinear loop
...
Stagger N:
Loop over nonlinear iterations
Form stagger residual and if needed LHS matrix
Solve linear equation system
Update stagger solution field(s)
Check nonlinear convergence
End nonlinear loop
Check stagger convergence
End stagger loop
Check time step convergence
Optionally compute and output results
Determine time increment of the next time step
End time step loop
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Solution Strategy
Setting solution strategy in AcuConsole
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Solution Strategy
Every time the Auto Solution Strategy panel is exited, the Advanced Solution
Strategy branches are updated
By default, the Advanced Solution Strategy commands are NOT written to the input file
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Solution Strategy
Modifying the Advanced Solution Strategy Settings
All changes made after leaving the Auto Solution Strategy panel will be written to the
input file
By default, all changes will be lost the next time you visit the Auto Solution Strategy
This panel updates the settings every time it is exited!
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Learn the different types of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) that AcuSolve supports
Use the Propagate feature to copy settings from one group to another
Run AcuSolve
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The fluid and solid codes are run independently and separately
Very efficient
Problem setup
CPU time
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Current application of this technique is for direct coupling with Radioss, Abaqus and
MD Nastran
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The following diagram illustrates the problem set up and the constraints that are placed
on the ring.
OD= .01 m
ID= .009 m
Flow Direction
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Background on P-FSI
AcuSolve requires the mass, stiffness, and damping array for each mode of the flexible body as
input for P-FSI analyses. It also requires an array describing the eigenvectors of each mode.
This information can be obtained from a modal analysis in a structural solver, or derived
analytically for simple problems.
For this analysis, a structural model of the ring was built in RADIOSS and ABAQUS. The resulting
model from RADIOSS is exported into an .op2 file and the result from ABAQUS is exported into
an .odb file. Any of these files can be used for the CFD simulation.
We will read the .op2 or .odb file using AcuConsole then project the modes onto the fluids
model for the P-FSI simulation.
With this background info, we can begin constructing the model
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File Open
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Right-click on Surfaces
Select Display type
Select solid & wire
Right-click on Volumes
Select Display off
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2
1
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BODY Wall
BOTTOM Slip
INFLOW Inflow
OUTFLOW Outflow
SYMM1 Symmetry
SYMM2 Symmetry
TOP Slip
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conditions
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When the Node Define dialog box opens, set the type
to Surface, then select BODY as the surface, and set
Number of Layers to 25.
Select OK
This creates a node set containing 25 layers of nodes
starting from the surface named BODY
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Note that this projection step relies on nodal coordinates and ids
If the mesh is changed, this step needs to be performed again!
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path\Workshop6
Select OK.
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Plot the mesh displacements at the time history output points to get an idea of how
much the ring is deforming
Expand Time History
Expand Node 1 and Node 2
Plot the displacements
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shown
Forces passed to Abaqus will be ramped over 10 time
steps
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Launch Abaqus
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acuOdb -ts a
acuOdb -h
The figure shows contours of fluid pressure from AcuSolve and maximum principal
stress from Abaqus
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Restarting Simulations
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Restarting Simulations
Simulations can be restarted in two different ways.
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Restarting Simulations
From AcuConsole GUI
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Restarting Simulations
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Restarting Simulations
In the Launch AcuSolve dialog if the Reset time step option is On, then the restarted
simulation resets the initial time and starts from time step 1.
Reset time increment option should be On if the user changes the Initial time
increment for the restart run. If this option is Off, then the updated Initial time
increment value will not be used by the solver.
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Restarting Simulations
For restarting a simulation in command mode, type
acuRun -rst
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Restarting Simulations
Restart with modifications
The restart file starts with RESTART { } and ends with RUN { }
Any changes/additions to the problem setup are between these commands
Number of nodes in the problem cannot change
The reason we cannot use RESTART for Workshop 3
Run resumes from the latest available restart data
Can add parameters to the RESTART command
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Restarting Simulations
A problem may be restarted from any available run and time step with available
restart data
RESTART {
from_problem
from_run
from_time_step
}
= "channel"
= 2
= 40
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Restarting Simulations
Example: run a steady-state thermal problem in two steps
Run 1
Write input file with all flow and thermal conditions defined
Modify input file so as not to solve temperature equation
AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY {
...
flow
= on
temperature
= off
}
Run acuRun with this input file
Run 2
Write the restart file, such as
RESTART { }
AUTO_SOLUTION_STRATEGY {
flow
= off
temperature
= on
}
RUN { }
Run acuRun and specify this restart file
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Solar Radiation
AcuSolve supports solar radiation modeling on surfaces such as automotive windshields
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h
u h q s
t
Where: h = enthalpy, q = heat flux, and s = thermal source terms
This approach permits conservation of energy within the GLS formulation
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Enclosure radiation is only supported on fluid mediums (i.e. the fluid side of fluid/solid
interfaces)
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View factor determines the amount of radiosity emitted from one surface that is received
by another surface.
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AcuSolve permits the definition of thermal shells to simulate heat transfer in solid
mediums. This is useful when:
The thickness of the component makes it inconvenient to resolve.
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The faces of the thermal shell elements may have boundary conditions applied to them
just as standard solid elements would
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Gain experience with the different heat transfer mechanisms simulated by AcuSolve
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Solid Conduction
Enclosure radiation
Solar radiation
Surface convection
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In this workshop, we will perform a steady state simulation of buoyancy driven laminar
flow caused by an internally heated cylinder contained within an air-filled cylinder. Both
cylinders are assumed to be infinitely long and the system will be modeled using half
symmetry.
The following diagram illustrates the problem set up and the boundary conditions for the
simulation.
Cylinder filled
with air
Solid cylinder
producing heat at
a rate of 10,000 W/m3
T =353 K
No-slip
Walls
Symmetry plane
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Let's review the different types of heat transfer and assumptions that are present in this
simulation before getting started:
Assumptions:
Conduction within
the solid
Natural convection
within the fluid
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main toolbar
Click on 'Open'
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Density
Specific Heat
Conductivity
8000 kg/m^3
500 J/(kg K)
16.2 W/(m K)
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The volume groups have already been assigned from the data in
the arm file
Fluid Region
Solid Region
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This analysis has no inlet or outlet boundary conditions. Therefore, there is no boundary
condition that sets the pressure level in the domain. To make the solution more robust,
we will set a pressure reference point using a nodal boundary condition.
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This single node will now act as the pressure reference point
for the simulation.
Fixed pressure
node
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Launch AcuSolve
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Expand the 'Residual ratio' branch, then right-click 'All' and select 'Plot All'
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Expand the 'Time History' branch, then expand the 'node 1' and
'node 2' branches.
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Select the 'Delete Mesh' icon from the main tool bar
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Select ACUSIM Raw Mesh' from the File Type selection box
Click on 'Open'
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Turbulence Modeling
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Turbulence Modeling
AcuSolve supports various types of turbulence modeling
Transient Simulations
Governing equations are integrated in time to yield a time accurate simulation of transient
flows
Many different turbulence closures are available for each type of simulation
We will briefly discuss the closures that are available in AcuSolve in this presentation
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulence Background
Turbulence is a phenomena that involves a vast range of length and time scales
This is what makes direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows of engineering interest
prohibitively expensive
As the Reynolds Number increases for a given flow, the smallest turbulent eddies decrease in
size
Therefore, as the Reynolds Number increases, the mesh density required to resolve these
eddies increases, and the required time step size decreases!
This is the reason DNS is rarely done in industry. However, if you have a computer large
enough, AcuSolve has been shown to perform quite well for DNS!!!
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulence Modeling Options
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulence Modeling Options
LES
Smagorinsky, WALES, Germano dynamic model, VMS
Algebraic Models
Computing Cost
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulence Modeling Options within AcuSolve
LES
Smagorinsky, Dynamic model, beta version of VMS
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulent Boundary Layers
AcuSolve offers three options for the simulation of turbulent boundary layers
Option 1: Fully resolved
Setting Turbulence wall type to Low Reynolds Number integrates equations directly
to the wall and uses near wall damping functions to produce appropriate behavior
Option 2: Wall Function
Setting Turbulence wall type to Wall Function uses a wall model based on the
standard Law of the Wall for turbulent boundary layers
Option 3: Running Average Wall Function
Setting Turbulence wall type to Running Average Wall Function enforces the Law of
the Wall on the running average flow field.
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulent Boundary Layers
AcuSolves wall functions are valid through the viscous sublayer and buffer layer
There is no lower bound limit on the wall function
The upper bound limit is y+ 300
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulence Modeling Options in AcuConsole
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Turbulence Modeling
Turbulence Modeling Options in AcuConsole
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Turbulence Modeling
Summary
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Use nodal initial conditions on a subset of nodes via the script option
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File Import
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Cup_Honey - The portion at the top with the species concentration = 1.0 (all honey)
Cup_Main - The portion with the species concentration = 0.0 (all water)
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Linear in between
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Expand Surfaces
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pressure.
For most cases, an outflow boundary condition
sets the reference pressure for the solver
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The first method is to type the number and units with a space in between and hit Enter.
Next method is to click on the units next to the box for entering numbers. A list of units
appears. Select the desired unit.
When AcuConsole writes the input file all the data is converted to SI units.
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Variable Manager dialog can be opened by clicking on Variable List icon in the tool bar.
Variables are defined in this dialog and are used in the panels area when entering floating
point and integer values.
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Click on Add for defining new Variable. Rename the variable as desired.
Enter the expression in the Expression column. Before the expression use equal symbol
(=) or colon equal symbols (:=). The expression is valid only if any of these two symbols
are used.
(=) just calculates the value of the expression. (:=) updates the value of expression if any
relative variable is changed.
Each row in the Variable Manager has one variable defined. Variables can be deleted,
moved up and down and sorted based on the values using the Del, Move Up, Move
Down and Sort buttons.
Variables can be imported and exported by clicking on Import and export buttons. Only
ACL file format is used.
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Mass flow rate (M) is defined in the Variable Manager dialog. This variable is used in Inlet
SBC as shown below.
Mass flux is specified with a variable (M). Colon equal to symbol (:=) is used before the
variable for automatic update of the expression if any variable in the expression is
changed.
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This can be opened by clicking on Delayed List icon in the tool bar.
In Variable Manager, the variable is defined first and used next, whereas delayed
variables are used first and defined next in the Delayed Variable Spreadsheet.
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For the inlet SBC change the value of X-velocity from 0.0 to ::=Vel and click on the
First column gives the item in which the delayed variable is used.
(Model>Surfaces>Inlet>Simple Boundary Condition)
Second column provides details of the parameter (X-velocity) for which delayed variable
is used.
Third column gives the name of delayed variable (Vel) used for the parameter.
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Change the default value to the desired value and click Ok.
If the delayed variables are not defined, Delayed variable spreadsheet appears when the
variable is needed. User needs to update the spreadsheet if required and click Ok for the
process to continue.
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User can set the preferences by clicking on File > Preferences in the menu bar.
Full control is provided to the user for adjusting the default settings.
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General Tab
Under this section users can modify the number of recent files, change the size of icons in the
AcuConsole GUI, adjust the font style and size etc.
After generating the mesh user can set not to load the mesh or to load using the Allow auto
load mesh.
Default option for appending the mesh can be adjusted by setting Allow mesh append.
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Data Base
In this tab, Auto flush and the option for compressing the data base can be selected.
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Active
By default the Surface Output under Simple Boundary Condition for each surface is set to On.
This can be set to off by selecting Off for Default Surface Output.
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Export
In this tab, user can set the exported mesh file type to be in ASCII or binary format. By default
this set to ASCII.
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Vis Window
By using these settings users can set the visualization area as desired.
Type of transparency, shadings, size of point and width of lines in the visualization area can be
adjusted.
Highlight Model Entities option by default is set to On. Therefore when volume or surface
elements are clicked on in Data tree the appropriate volume or surface gets highlighted in
visualization area. But for large models this may take more time. In such cases putting this
option off can be helpful.
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Mesh Display
If a mesh is loaded then the default entities to be displayed and their display type can be set
under this tab.
Entities here refer to volumes, surfaces, nodes etc.
If the option is set to none then those elements are set to off.
Volumes, Surfaces, Node sets generated, PBC surfaces, Edges and zone meshes created can be
set to display by default.
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Geom Display
Similar to Mesh Display, the CAD model that is loaded will be displayed as desired by setting the
options under this tab.
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Surface Highlight
When clicked on a particular surface in Data tree, appropriate surface will be highlighted in the
visualization area. The display type when highlighted can be different than the original display
type set for that particular surface. This can be set by adjusting this tab.
For example if a surface has display type set to Solid & Wireframe. When highlighted, the user
likes to display it as wireframe. This can be done by setting wireframe for Solid & Wireframe
as shown in below image.
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Volume Highlight
Similar to surface highlight option, the volume display type can also be set as desired by using
this tab.
Please refer to Surface Highlight for detailed explanation.
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Color Scheme
The default scheme for coloring the CAD model when loaded can be set using this tab.
Three options are available for setting the Outline Line Color and Wireframe Line Color. Users
can set them as desired.
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