Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Berlioz in 1845
Background
Gautier in 1839
2 MUSIC
piano part in the published score: it is not Berliozs own, them with orchestral accompaniment, those in Les nuits
and Cairns described it as a clumsy, inauthentic piece of d't are the only ones published as a set.[18] They are not
work.[9]
a cycle on the German model of Schubert's Winterreise
In 1843 Berlioz orchestrated the fourth song, Absence or Schumann's Dichterliebe, with narrative and thematic
for his lover, Marie Recio, who premiered it in Leipzig continuity, but form a unied whole by virtue of the
on 23 February 1843; it was not until 1856, that he re- single authorship of the words and the composers use
[19]
turned to Les nuits d't, making an orchestral arrange- throughout of delicate, atmospheric musical shading.
ment of Le spectre de la rose for the mezzo-soprano The structure of the cycle has four sombre songs framed
by exuberant opening and closing ones. The critic A.
Anna Bockholtz-Falconi. The publisher Jakob RieterBiedermann was in the audience for the premiere, and, E. F. Dickinson wrote in a 1969 study, Their common
theme is nominally love unrequited or lost, symbolizing,
much impressed, prevailed on Berlioz to orchestrate the
[10]
rest of the cycle.
The orchestration left the existing arguably, an ache for vanished or unattainable beauty.
But their musical order is apparently fortuitous, and forms
melodic and harmonic writing generally unchanged, but
[18]
for Le spectre de la rose the composer added an intro- an acceptable, rather than a compulsive, association.
Berliozs innovative creation of an orchestral song cycle
duction for muted solo cello, ute and clarinet; the oruntil Mahler took the genre up in the
chestration of this song, unlike the other ve, includes a had few successors
[20]
late
19th
century.
[11]
harp.
The original piano version had a single dedicatee Louise
Bertin, whose father, Louis Bertin, was editor of the
Journal des dbats, for which Berlioz wrote musical criticism and other articles.[2] Each of the six songs of the
orchestral cycle was dedicated individually, to singers
well known in Germany, some of whom had performed
Berliozs music there: Louise Wolf (Villanelle), Anna
Bockholtz-Falconi (Le spectre de la rose), Hans von
Milde (Sur les lagunes), Madeleine Notts (Absence),
Friedrich Caspari (Au cimetire) and Rosa von Milde
(L'le inconnue).[2]
As far as is known, the orchestral cycle was not performed in its entirety during the composers lifetime.[21]
The work was neglected for many years, but during the
twentieth century it was rediscovered and has become one
of Berliozs best-loved works.[20]
2 Music
Annagret Fauser[17]
Although Berlioz wrote more than fty songs, twenty of Le spectre de la rose": text and translation
2.6
L'le inconnue
Au cimetire: Clair de lune (At the Cemetery: Moonlight), is a further lament, with the bereaved lover now
more distant from the memory of his beloved, and perturbed by a ghostly vision of her.[17]
2.3
Andantino
Allegro spiritoso
Key: F major; orchestration: 2 utes, 1 oboe, 2
clarinets in B, 2 bassoons, 1 horn in F, 1 horn
in C, 1 horn in B, strings.[31]
2.4
Absence
Adagio
Key: F sharp minor; orchestration: 2 utes, 1
oboe, 2 clarinets in A, 1 horn in A, 1 horn in
D, strings.[28]
The rhetorical Absence pleads for the return of the
beloved. Rushton suggests that unlike the other ve songs,
this one may make use of existing music, written for an
abandoned cantata, Erigone, and this possibly explains
why in this song alone Berlioz cut and rearranged Gautiers verses.[29] This song, and Au cimetire, which follows, are strophic, with the form ABA.[17]
4.2
References
[1] Blakeman, p. 3
[2] Anderson, p. 3
[3] Holoman, p. 275
[4] Fauser, pp. 119120
[5] Holoman, pp. 9293 and 275
[6] Rushton, p. 165
[7] Grard, p. 6
[8] Cairns, pp. 3 and 12
[9] Cairns, p. 12
[10] Holoman, p. 514
[11] Anderson, p. 4
[12] Rushton, Julian Hector Berlioz, Linn Records, 2013
[13] Cairns, p. 5
EXTERNAL LINKS
4.3 Sources
Anderson, Keith (2005). Notes to Naxos CD 8.
557274. Naxos Records. OCLC 232300936.
Berlioz, Hector; Thophile Gautier (1904) [1856].
Les nuits d't. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Hrtel. OCLC
611290556.
Blakeman, Edward (1989). Notes to Chandos CD
Chan 8735. Chandos Records. OCLC 22246622.
Cairns, David (1986). Berlioz. In Alan Blyth.
Song on Record. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
978-0-521-36173-6.
Fauser, Annagret (2000). The songs. In Peter Bloom. The Cambridge Companion to Berlioz.
Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59638-1.
Holoman, D Kern (1989). Berlioz. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06778-3.
Rushton, Julian (2001). The Music of Berlioz. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816690-0.
[14] Cairns, p. 4
[15] Cairns, p. 6
5 External links
6.1
Text
Les nuits d't Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_nuits_d'%C3%A9t%C3%A9?oldid=712635249 Contributors: JackofOz, Antandrus, Graham87, Rjwilmsi, TBHecht, Melodia, Pegship, Kleinzach, Tim riley, Kyoko, HitroMilanese, Folantin, Mherr, DJRafe, Johnbod, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, CenturionZ 1, Phe-bot, Salamander01234, Lethesl, GFHandel, Addbot, DOI bot, Pmiize, Yobot, Citation
bot, Citation bot 1, Trappist the monk, Frietjes, Solomon7968, Max2x4, Msalkindpearl, YFdyh-bot, TAP Bot, Snicker34759, Musiclvr1,
Narky Blert, BU RoBOT and Anonymous: 11
6.2
Images
File:Berlioz_image_03.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Berlioz_image_03.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.karadar.com/PhotoGallery/berlioz.html Original artist: August Prinzhofer
File:Portrait_of_Thophile_Gautier.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Portrait_of_Th%C3%
A9ophile_Gautier.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Muse de l'Ile-de-France: http://domaine-de-sceaux.hauts-de-seine.net/
les-expositions/archives-des-expositions/theophile-gautier-dans-son-cadre/ Original artist: Auguste de Chatillon
6.3
Content license